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WomeninMathematicsBECKYSANFT
DEPARTMENTOFMATHEMATICS
UNC ASHEVILLE
TIMELINE 1827 1833 1843Sophie Germain Ada Lovelace
Florence Nightingale Sofia Kovalevskaya Winifred Edgerton Merrill Emily Noether Anna Pell Wheeler Euphemia Lofton Haynes
1961 1964 1971 1975 1995 2014Katherine Johnson Mary Cartwright Julia Robinson Cathleen Morawetz Maryam Mirzakham
1856 1874 1886 1918 1927 1943
History of Women in Mathematics
SophieGermain
AdaLovelace
FlorenceNightingale
SofiaKovelvskaya
Groundbreaking results in partial differential equations
and mechanics
WinifredEdgertonMerrill
EmmyNoether
“…Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of woman began.”
~ Einstein
AnnaPellWheeler
EuphemiaLoftonHaynes
KatherineJohnson
MaryCartwright
AssociationofWomeninMathematics(AWM)Encourageswomenandgirlstostudyandtohaveactivecareersinthemathematicalsciences,andtopromoteequalopportunityandequaltreatmentofwomenandgirlsinthemathematicalscience.
JuliaRobinson
CathleenMorawetz
MaryamMirzakhani
2018
MathCampsforGirls
InspiringSTEMBooksforGirls
Toys
Clothing
ProgramsforUndergraduateandGraduateStudents
Bachelor’sDegreetoTenuredFaculty
TopazandSen(2016)
UnderrepresentationofWomen…Why?Evidencestronglysuggeststhatmalesandfemaleshavesimilarinherentcapacityinthesefields(Spelk (2005),HydeandLinn(2006))
Withinnatebiologicaldifferencesinabilityexcluded,whatotherfactorscontribute?
Beliefthatinnate“brilliance”isneededtosucceedRepresentationofwomenispoorerinfieldswhosepractitionersbelieveintheimportanceofinnate“talent”or“brilliance”tosuccessinthatfield
Cimpian,etal.(2015)
GenderBias• Sciencefacultyfromresearch-intensiveuniversitiesratedtheapplicationmaterialsofastudent—whowasrandomlyassignedeitheramaleorfemalename—foralaboratorymanagerposition.
• Thegenderofthefacultyparticipantsdidnotaffectresponses,suchthatfemaleandmalefacultywereequallylikelytoexhibitbiasagainstthefemalestudent.
Moss-Racusin,etal.(2012)
UnderrepresentationofWomen…Why?
Percentageoffemalewinnersbyawardtypeandfield
Lincoln,etal.(2012)
UnderrepresentationofWomen…Why?62journalshavelessthan0.5%womenontheeditorialboard.Infact,51journalshavenowomen,accountingfor11.8%ofthe435journalsinthedataset.
Medianjournal’seditorialboardis7.6%women
TopazandSen(2016)
WhatWeCanDo(AAUW)CultivatingGirls’AchievementandInterestinScienceandEngineering• Spreadthewordaboutgirls’andwomen’sachievementsinmathscience• Teachgirlsthatintellectualskills,includingspatialskills,areacquired.• Teachstudentsaboutstereotypethreatandpromoteagrowth-mindsetenvironment• Encouragechildrentodeveloptheirspatialskills• Helpgirlsrecognizetheircareer-relevantskills
Othergoodadvice:HowtoTalktoLittleGirls(2011)
WhatWeCanDo(AAUW)CreatingCollegeEnvironmentsthatSupportWomeninScienceandEngineering• ActivelyrecruitwomenintoSTEMmajors• Sendaninclusivemessageaboutwhomakesagoodscienceorengineeringstudent• Emphasizereal-lifeapplicationsinearlySTEMcourses• Teachprofessorsaboutstereotypethreatandthebenefitsofagrowthmindset
WhatWeCanDo(AAUW)ToAttractandRetainFemaleFaculty• Conductdepartmentalreviewstoassesstheclimateforfemalefaculty• Ensurementoringforallfaculty• Supportfacultywork-lifebalance
Thankyou!