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7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/women-miners-in-rajasthan-a-reflection-of-their-life-challenges-and-future- 1/51
[ IN J O N B O J UQ B O UHG HQ SL HO & B O C B H
H UJ DFJ A SB IO IO SL J B U FB DJ &
A L HFFJ O KJ Q HO C DZ SZ UJ
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/women-miners-in-rajasthan-a-reflection-of-their-life-challenges-and-future- 2/51
[injo Nbojuq bo Uhghqslho& Bocbh7 H Ujdfjasbio io sljbu fbdj& alhffjokjq hoc
dzszuj
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7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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Shefjq
Shefj 87 Qshszq id Bocbho [injo ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2
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Shefj 37Ozneju id rjhuq {iu`bok bo nbojq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5=
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Shefj ;7 aiosubezsbio si nioslfr lizqjlifc /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1<
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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]UJDHAJ
Itju ajoszubjq& nbojq bo nhor }husq id slj {iufc lhtj ujnhbojc ho bn}iushos qizuaj diu
ujtjozj hoc fbtjfbliic kjojuhsbio/ H fhukj ozneju id }ji}fj huizoc slj {iufc lhtj lbqsiubahffr
{iu`jc bo slj nbojq hoc aiosbozj si ci qi/ Slj Cjqjus id Slhu bo Bocbh bq hniok nhor qzal
}fhajq& {ljuj nbojq id thubizq sr}jq id qsiojq lhtj }fhrjc h qbkobdbahos uifj bo }ji}fj‒q fbtjq/
Buiobahffr& nboj{iu`juq {iu`bok bo sljqj nbojq fbtj fbtjq dzff id }hbo& hkior hoc cj}ubthsbio/
Bo slj qsiojq nbojq id Uhghqslho& itju h fiok }jubic id sbnj& {injo lhtj ejjo ho bn}iushos
}hus id slj {iu`diuaj/ Duin qnhff.qahfj gieq id ljf}bok bo azssbok hoc cubffbok& si ahuurbok }bjajq
id qsiojq si afjhobok slj {iu` hujh hoc si ahsjubok diic hoc {hsju ojjcq id nboj{iu`juq ‑
{injo lhtj h uifj si }fhr bo hff sljqj/ Bo q}bsj id sljbu thfzhefj aiosubezsbio si slj suhcj&
{injo kjs fjqqju {hkjq& huj j|}fibsjc hoc idsjo sbnj huj }lrqbahffr lhuhqqjc/ Slj ain}fj|bsr
id qbszhsbio {iuqjoq dzuslju {bsl }iiu ljhfsl qshszq id sljqj {injo hoc {bcjq}ujhc bffbsjuhar
hniok sljn/
KUHTBQ& hq io iukhobwhsbio {iu`bok diu ainnzobsr cjtjfi}njos& lhq hf{hrq lhc h kujhs dhbsl
bo }uinisbok {injo‒q ubklsq hoc eubobok sljn io si slj ajosju qshkj id ainnzobsr
cjtjfi}njos }uiajqq/ Bo slj nbojq id [jqsjuo Uhghqslho& KUHTBQ lhq sh`jo z} qjtjuhf
bn}iushos bobsbhsbtjq si jn}i{ju {injo {iu`bok bo nbobok boczqsur/ Slbq uj}ius bq ho jddius si
bffzqsuhsj }fbkls id {injo {iu`bok bo nbojq& hohfrwj slj bqqzjq hoc qzkkjqs slj {hr diu{huc/ Bs
bq izu qboajuj li}j slhs slbq qnhff jddius {bff kbtj {hr si qbkobdbahos alhokjq bo sljqj {injo‒q
fbtjq/
Qlhqlb Srhkb
Qjaujshur& KUHTBQ
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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J\JAZSBTJ QZNNHUR
Slj Qshsj id Uhghqslho bo Bocbh lhq ubal cj}iqbsq id nbojuhfq& hoc slbq ohszuhf {jhfsl nh`jq
Uhghqslho h qshsj id nbojq hoc thubizq nbojuhfq/ Fhukj xzhosbsbjq id Ai}}ju& Wboa& Kr}qzn hocthubizq sr}jq id qsiojq huj j|suhasjc bo sljqj nbojq& }uitbcbok kujhs qz}}ius si slj jaioinr id
slj Qshsj/ Bo slj qsioj nbojq id Uhghqslho& h fhukj ozneju id {injo {iu` zocju cbddbazfs
aiocbsbioq/ Nhbofr fiahsjc bo slj [jqsjuo hoc Ajosuhf }husq id slj Qshsj& sljqj qsioj nbojq
}uiczaj qhoc qsioj hoc {lbsj nhuefj si ej zqjc diu aioqsuzasbio/ Jqsbnhsj qzkkjqs slhs bo
[jqsjuo Uhghqslho cbqsubasq& huizoc 4:&=== {injo nboj{iu`juq huj azuujosfr {iu`bok io chbfr
{hkjq/
Niuj slho 2:* id nbobok hasbtbsbjq bo Uhghqslho dhffq bo slj cinhbo id slj zoiukhobwjc qjasiu/
Izs id slj sishf nbojuq bo Uhghqslho& 1;* huj {injo hoc niqs id sljn huj chfbsq hoc subehf/
Sljqj {injo nboj{iu`juq huj zocju}hbc& nhfoizubqljc& j|}fibsjc hoc idsjo sbnjq huj
lhuhqqjc }lrqbahffr/ Sljr fbtj {bsl cjj}.uizsjc }itjusr hoc huj tzfojuhefj si cbqjhqjq hoc
qiabhf i}}ujqqbio/
KUHTBQ& h kuhqquiisq iukhobwhsbio bo [jqsjuo Uhghqslho& lhq ejjo {iu`bok io slj nbojuq ubklsq
qboaj slj jhufr 822=q/ KUHTBQ lhq ejjo ioj id slj }biojjuq bo niebfbwbok slj nbojuq id [jqsjuo
Uhghqslho hoc bo qshusbok h cbhfikzj {bsl thubizq qsh`jlifcjuq ,boafzcbok kitjuonjos hkjoabjq"
si }uisjas slj nbojuq‒ ubklsq/ Bo aiogzoasbio {bsl hctiahar diu nbojuq‒ ubklsq& KUHTBQ lhq ejjo
hfqi {iu`bok io thubizq booithsbtj bosjutjosbioq qzal hq jczahsbio diu slj nboj {iu`juq‒
albfcujo& nbaui.dbohoaj qaljnjq& hoc ljhfsl ahuj si bn}uitj slj itjuhff aiocbsbio id slj
nbojuq/ Itju fhqs qjtjuhf rjhuq& KUHTBQ lhq ejjo }husojubok {bsl NBQJUJIU& Kjunhor si
hctiahsj diu nboj {iu`juq‒ ubklsq/
Slbq qszcr bq h }hus id KUHTBQ‒q }zuqzbs si zocjuqshoc {bsl kujhsju cj}sl slj kuizoc ujhfbsbjq
ujfhsjc si {injo nbojuq/ Hfslizkl KUHTBQ lhq aioczasjc h dj{ qszcbjq ejdiuj io slj nbojuq‒
bqqzjq& sljuj lhq ejjo h }ujqqbok ojjc si zocjuqshoc slj }uiefjnq slhs {injo nbojuq dhaj
niuj afiqjfr/ Slbq qszcr {hq aioaj}szhfbwjc sluizkl h aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq botiftbok slj
ujfjthos sjhn njnejuq id slj ainnzobsr hoc islju qsh`jlifcjuq/ Bs bq jotbqhkjc slhs slj
izsainjq id slbq qszcr jn}i{ju slj {injo nbojuq hoc aiosubezsj si slj ahzqj hs h fhukj
fjtjf/
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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H QOH]QLIS IO SLJ QSHSZQ ID [INJO BO BOCBH
8/ Cjnikuh}lbaq 7
Djnhfj }i}zfhsbio * 3</54
Djnhfj }i}zfhsbio nbffbio 324
Qj| uhsbi ]ju 8=== njo 211
Fbdj j|}jashoar rjhuq 44/8
5/ [injo‒q jczahsbio
Djnhfj fbsjuhar uhsjq bo slj sishf }i}zfhsbio ,;+ hkj kuiz}" * :1/;
Kjocju kh} bo fbsjuhar uhsj ,;+ hkj kuiz}" * 58/4
1/ [injo hs {iu`
[iu` }husbab}hsbio uhsj diu djnhfjq * 5:/;
Sishf hczfs djnhfj {iu`juq bo slj sishf }juqioq jn}firjc * 82/1
Qlhuj id {injo bo {hkj jn}firnjos bo oio hkubazfszuhf Qjasiu * 5=/51
Htjuhkj {hkj jhuobok ujajbtjc }ju chr er djnhfj ahqzhf fheizuju
,uzuhf" ,kjocju kh}7 Uq/ 5=/1<"
BOU 14/8:
Htjuhkj {hkj jhuobok ujajbtjc }ju chr er djnhfj ahqzhf fheizuju
,Zueho" ,kjocju kh}7 Uq/ 18/51 "
BOU 33/5<
Djnhfj jn}firnjos id slj sishf jn}firnjos bo Ajosuhf Kitjuonjos * ;/:1
3/ [injo‒q ljhfsl
Uzuhf {injo {bsl hohjnbh * :</5=
Jtju.nhuubjc {injo hkj 8:.32 {li huj hohjnba * :4/5=
]ujkohos {injo hkj 8:.32 {li huj hohjnba * :;/2
[injo {bsl Aluioba Jojukr Cjdbabjoar ,AJC" ,8: si 32 rjhuq" * 1</<=
Nisljuq {li lhc hs fjhqs 1 hosjohshf ahuj tbqbsq diu sljbu fhqs
ebusl
* :=/;
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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Boqsbszsbiohf ebuslq * 3=/<
Nisljuq {li ujajbtjc }iqsohshf ahuj duin h
ciasiu)ozuqj)FLT)HON)islju ljhfsl }juqioojf {bslbo 5 chrq id
cjfbtjur diu sljbu fhqs ebusl
* 14/<
[injo qzddju duin krojaifikbahf }uiefjn * 25
Nhsjuohf niushfbsr uhsbi bo slj rjhu 822: }ju 8==&===
fbtj ebusl
33=
[injo hkj 8:.82 {li {juj hfujhcr nisljuq iu }ujkohos * 84
:/ [injo bo }ifbsbaq
Djnhfj jfjasiuq bo 5==3 * 3;/2:
[injo njnejuq id ohsbiohf }hufbhnjos * 2/=;
[injo }husbab}hsbio bo tbffhkj ]hoalhrhsb uhg * 3=
4/ [injo hs linj
Djnhfj ljhcjc lizqjlifcq * 8=/1:
[injo hkj 5=.53 nhuubhkj er 8< * 3;/3
Nhuubjc {injo dhaj }lrqbahf hezqj er sljbu lzqehoc * 3=
[injo dhajq cinjqsba tbifjoaj bo hor id bsq diunq }lrqbahf& qj|zhf&
}qralifikbahf hoc)iu jaioinba
* :=
Azuujosfr nhuubjc {injo {li zqzhffr }husbab}hsj bo lizqjlifc
cjabqbioq
* :5/:
Qizuajq id bodiunhsbio
‥ Uj}ius io slj qshsj id Diic boqjazubsr bo Uzuhf Bocbh& Cjajneju 5==<& NQ Q{hnbohslho
Ujqjhual Dizochsbio hoc [iufc Diic ]uikuhnnj
‥ @jr Bocbahsiuq diu Bocbh& Ohsbiohf Dhnbfr Ljhfsl Qzutjr 1& 5==:.5==4‥ H lhoceii` id Qshsbqsbahf Bocbahsiuq io Bocbho [injo 5==;0 Nbobqsur id [injo hoc
Albfc Cjtjfi}njos0 Kitjuonjos id Bocbh
‥ Slj Qshszq id [injo7 H ujhfbsr alja`0 Dhasq io bojxzhfbsr hoc aubnjq hkhboqs {injo0
Q{hrhn0 2)5E Cjichu Qsujjs& @if`hsh ;===82
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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ALH]SJU 87 BOSUICZASBIO
o Bocbh& njo izsozneju {injo bo slj sishf }i}zfhsbio aizos id slj aizosur& {lbal }julh}q
q}jh`q tifznjq heizs slj qshszq id Bocbho {injo/ Bo niqs cjtjfi}jc aizosubjq bs lhq ejjo
qjjo slhs bd jxzhffr sujhsjc ,bo sjunq id ozsubsbio hoc ljhfsl ahuj"& {injo izsozneju njo
hq {injo sjoc si fbtj fiokju slho njo er hs fjhqs : rjhuq/ Sr}bahffr& bo niqs cjtjfi}jc
aizosubjq& sljuj huj 8=1.8=: {injo diu jtjur 8== njo/ [bsl h }ujqjos qj| uhsbi id 211 diu
jtjur 8=== njo& {lbal ain}jffjc Hnuhsrh Qjo si qshsj slhs Bocbh ojjcq si haaizos diu bsq
nbqqbok {injo& slj kuhtbsr id slj qbszhsbio aho ojtju ej itjujn}lhqbwjc/
Bosjujqsbokfr& jtjo {bslbo Bocbh slj cbddjujoaj ejs{jjo slj }ui}iusbio id {injo ejs{jjo
ainnzobsbjq {bsl kujhsju ujq}jas diu {injo hoc ainnzobsbjq qz}}ujqqbok {injo bq jtbcjos/
Diu j|hn}fj& slj qj| uhsbi diu {injo bq nzal lbklju bo slj subehf ainnzobsbjq id Bocbh slho hff
islju ahqsj kuiz}q bo slj aizosur/ Cjq}bsj slj dhas slhs slj subehf ainnzobsbjq lhtj nzal
fjqqju haajqq si ujqizuajq hoc i}}iuszobsbjq& slj qj| uhsbi bq bo dhtizu id {injo qbn}fr ejahzqj
bo sljqj ainnzobsbjq {injo huj sujhsjc dhbufr/b
Cjq}bsj slj cbqaubnbohsbioq hoc cj}ubthsbioq bo sujhsnjos hoc i}}iuszobsbjq& {injo lhtj hoc
aiosbozj si }fhr h tbshf uifj bo slj Bocbh‒q kui{sl/ Lbqsiur hoc aiosjn}iuhur hkj huj uj}fjsj
{bsl {injo fjhcjuq hoc tbqbiohubjq {li lhtj aiosubezsjc bo thubizq dbjfcq/ Hs }ujqjos& {injo
{iu` }husbab}hsbio id slj eiinbok Bocbho jaioinr bq 5:/; }juajosbb/ Itju slj rjhuq& bo zueho
Bocbh {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bo slj {iu` diuaj lhq ejjo xzbsj bn}ujqqbtj/ Diu boqshoaj& bo sljqids{huj boczqsur 1=* id slj {iu`diuaj bq djnhfj
bbb/ Sljr huj hs }hu {bsl sljbu nhfj aizosju
}husq bo sjunq id {hkjq hoc }iqbsbio hs slj {iu` }fhaj/ Bo uzuhf Bocbh& hkubazfszuj hoc hffbjc
boczqsubhf qjasiuq jn}fir hq nzal hq <2/:* id slj sishf djnhfj fheizu/ Bo itjuhff dhun
}uiczasbio& {injoq htjuhkj aiosubezsbio bq jqsbnhsjc hs ::* si 44* id slj sishf fheizu/btRjs&
itjuhff ‖sljuj huj dhu dj{ju {injo bo slj }hbc {iu`diuaj slho sljuj huj njo/ [injo huj
zocjuthfzjc hoc zoujaikobwjc/ [injo {iu` fiokju lizuq slho njo& hoc ahuur slj nhgiu
qlhuj id lizqjlifc hoc ainnzobsr {iu`& {lbal bq zo}hbc hoc botbqbefj/„t
SHEFJ 87 QSHSZQ ID BOCBHO [INJO
‥ Slj Lznho cjtjfi}njos uj}ius id slj ZOC] uho`q Bocbh 2< bo bsq Kjocju ujfhsjc Cjtjfi}njos
Bocj|/
‥ Hfqi& haaiucbok si ZOC]& slj uhsbi id htjuhkj jhuojc boainj bo Bocbh ,djnhfj si nhfj" bq =/1<&
{lbal bq fjqq slho hor id slj EUBA aizosubjq/
‥ [bsl hczfs fbsjuhar uhsjq id 3;/< }juajos hoc slj rizsl fbsjuhar uhsjq id 4< }juajos&
Bocbho {injo suhbf ejlboc sljbu aizosju}husq bo Euhwbf& Nj|bai& Alboh hoc Uzqqbhtb/
B
7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
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Bo slj ujajosfr }zefbqljc kfiehf kjocju kh} uj}ius ,5==2" er slj [iufc Jaioinba Diuzn& Bocbh
uho`q ojhu slj eissin& hs 883 izs id 813 aizosubjq& hljhc id ]h`bqsho ,815" ezs {jff ejlboc
Alboh ,4=" hoc Ehokfhcjql ,23" bo }uitbcbok hcjxzhsj i}}iuszobsr si slj {injo bo slj {iu`
diuaj/ Slj uj}ius dzuslju qshsjq slhs {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bo slj {iu` diuaj bq qjtjujfr
lhn}jujc er ehuubjuq si josur hoc kui{sl bo slj {iu`.diuaj& }husbazfhufr slj fha` id h {iu`.fbdj
}ifbar/
Slj nbobok boczqsur bo Bocbh aioqsbszsjq h fhukj }iusbio id slj zoiukhobwjc qjasiu id slj Bocbho
jaioinr hoc {iu`diuaj {bsl h ujaiucjc kui{sl id :*tbb
/ Nbobok bo Bocbh bq aioajosuhsjc bo
ajushbo }ia`jsq& ioj id {lbal bq bo Uhghqslho ‑ {ljuj sljuj bq h ubal cj}iqbs id nbojuhfq hoc
qsiojq/ Uhghqslho lifcq 8&153 fjhqjq diu nhgiu nbojuhfq& 8=&<:8 diu nboiu nbojuhfq& hoc 82&5:8
xzhuur fbajoqjq/ Nbobok bq slj qjaioc fhukjqs boczqsur bo Uhghqslho& }uitbcbok jn}firnjos si 5/:
nbffbio }ji}fj hoc kjojuhsbok itju < ebffbio uz}jjq bo kitjuonjos ujtjozj jhal rjhu/ Slj
qshsj lhq ujqjutjq id 33 nhgiu hoc 51 nboiu nbojuhfq& boafzcbok slj fhukjqs hezochoaj id
{iffhqsiobsj& ghq}ju& wboa& nhuefj& qhocqsioj hoc fbnjqsioj/ Bs bq hfqi slj fjhcbok }uiczaju id
}liq}liubsj& qbftju& dbujafhr& ahfabsj& hoc fjhc& hoc bq slj iofr qshsj bo Bocbh {ljuj nbobok diuhqejqsiq bq qsbff }junbssjc/
tbbb
Nbobok bo Uhghqslho ,hq bo islju }husq id slj aizosur" bq suhcbsbiohffr fii`jc hs hq h ‖nhqazfboj„
iaaz}hsbio& ezs itju slj rjhuq qshsbqsbahf chsh hoc xzhfbshsbtj ujqjhual lhtj cjnioqsuhsjc slj
kui{bok ozneju id {injo nbojuq hauiqq hff `bocq id nbojq huizoc slj {iufc/ Nhor qszcbjq
lhtj hfqi }ibosjc izs slhs czj si slj boqbkobdbahoaj hsshaljc si {injo nbojuq& sljbu }fbkls bq
{iuqj slho sljbu nhfj aizosju}husq/ Cjq}bsj hff slj }hqs qszcbjq& sljuj bq qsbff h kh}bok lifj bo
zocjuqshocbok hoc h}}ujabhsbok slj aiosubezsbio hoc slj ojjcq id slj {injo nbojuq/
Sljujdiuj slbq qszcr aioczasjc h cjshbfjc ujqjhual si zocjuqshoc slj thubizq hq}jasq id
{injo nbojuq‒ fbdj bo Uhghqslho/
KUHTBQ& h kuhqquiisq iukhobwhsbio bo [jqsjuo Uhghqslho& lhq ejjo {iu`bok io slj nbojuq ubklsq
qboaj slj jhufr 822=q/ KUHTBQ lhq ejjo ioj id slj }biojjuq bo niebfbwbok slj nbojuq id [jqsjuo
Uhghqslho hoc bo qshusbok h cbhfikzj {bsl thubizq qsh`jlifcjuq ,boafzcbok kitjuonjos hkjoabjq"
si }uisjas slj nbojuq‒ ubklsq/ Bo aiogzoasbio {bsl hctiahar diu nbojuq‒ ubklsq& KUHTBQ lhq ejjo
hfqi {iu`bok io thubizq booithsbtj bosjutjosbioq qzal hq jczahsbio diu slj nboj {iu`juq‒
albfcujo& nbaui.dbohoaj qaljnjq& hoc ljhfsl ahuj si bn}uitj slj itjuhff aiocbsbio id slj
nbojuq/
Bo ujq}ioqj si slj kui{bok ozneju id {injo nbojuq hoc sljbu boaujhqbok bqqzjq KUHTBQ lhq
hfujhcr aioczasjc nzfsb}fj qszcbjq bo slj }hqs/ Bo bsq }zefbahsbio ‖Sjhuq id Czqs„ KUHTBQ qizklssi lbklfbkls slj alhffjokjq slhs {injo nbojuq dhaj bo sljbu jtjurchr fbdj/ Slbq }zefbahsbio
i}jojc slj ciiu diu dzuslju botjqsbkhsbio hq bs ejahnj ietbizq slhs sljuj {hq h ojjc si
aioczas h niuj j|sjoqbtj qszcr si ah}szuj slj ojjcq id slj {injo nbojuq {jff/ Aioqjxzjosfr
slbq qszcr {hq bobsbhsjc {bsl slj }zu}iqj id dzuslju aioqifbchsbok slj ujqjhual ehqj io slj
{injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho/
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SLJ KIHF HOC IEGJASBTJQ
Slj itjuhff kihf id slj qszcr bq si bcjosbdr slj ojjcq& aiosubezsbioq hoc alhffjokjq id slj
{injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho/ Si njjs slbq itjuhff kihf& slj diffi{bok iegjasbtjq huj fbqsjc7
‥ Si }ujqjos {injo nbojuq itjuhff qbszhsbio bo h ain}ujljoqbtj {hr ,lbqsiubahf& qiabhf&
jaioinba& }uidjqqbiohf& ljhfsl& hoc }ifbsbahf ehqjc h}}uhbqhf id slj qbszhsbio"
‥ Si hqqjqq slj aiosubezsbioq nhcj er {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id Uhghqslho
‥ Si qzkkjqs bn}uitjnjosq bo {injo nbojuq {iu`bok aiocbsbioq er }ujqjosbok h dj{
kiic }uhasbajq hoc ̀ jr ujainnjochsbioq
Slbq qszcr bq h }hus id KUHTBQ‒q }zuqzbs si zocjuqshoc {bsl kujhsju cj}sl slj kuizoc ujhfbsbjq
ujfhsjc si {injo nbojuq/ Hfslizkl KUHTBQ hoc Ljcaio lhtj cjtjfi}jc h dj{ qszcbjq ejdiuj
io slj nbojuq‒ bqqzjq& sljuj lhq ejjo h }ujqqbok ojjc si zocjuqshoc slj }uiefjnq slhs {injo
nbojuq dhaj niuj afiqjfr/ Slj j|}jashsbio duin slbq qszcr bq slhs bs {bff ljf} eisl KUHTBQ hoc
Ljcaio& }husojuq hoc islju qsh`jlifcjuq bo cjtjfi}bok qsuhsjkbjq diu slj dzszuj si hccujqq slj
}uiefjnq id {injo nbojuq bo h niuj ain}ujljoqbtj {hr/ Slbq qszcr {hq aioaj}szhfbwjc bo slj
qznnju id 5==2 ,H}ubf.Nhr" sluizkl h aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq botiftbok slj ujfjthos sjhn
njnejuq id eisl hkjoabjq hoc islju qsh`jlifcjuq/ Ljcaio sii` fjhc bo cjtjfi}bok slj aioaj}s
oisj& njslicifikr hoc siifq si aioczas slj qszcr hoc KUHTBQ hqqbqsjc Ljcaio {bsl haajqq si
ujfjthos bodiunhsbio hoc ujqizuajq/
SLJ QSZCR HUJH
Slj hujh diu slj qszcr {hq qjfjasjc duin slj nbobok hujh {ljuj KUHTBQ lhq ejjo bosjutjobok
diu slj }hqs 8; rjhuq si bn}uitj slj fbtjq id slj nbojuq& boafzcbok slj {injo nbojuq/ H qhn}fj
id {injo nbojuq {hq cuh{o duin jhal nbobok qbsj hauiqq dizu cbqsubasq {ljuj KUHTBQ {iu`q ‑
Gicl}zu& Eb`hoju& Ehunju hoc Nh`uhoh/ Slj nbojq bo slj dizu cbqsubasq huj nhbofr qhocqsioj&
afhr& kuhobsj& nhuefj hoc qhfs nbojq/ Sljqj nbojq huj i}jo xzhuubjq {bsl lbkl slujhs si fbdj hoc
qhdjsr/
CJQAUB]SBIO ID SLJ QHN]FJ HUJH7 Slj qhoc qsioj nbojq id Gicl}zu huj sujoaljc hauiqqho hujh id 5:= qxzhuj `bfinjsujq/ Slj }bo` aifizujc qsioj bq bo lbkl cjnhoc huizoc slj {iufc
ejahzqj id bsq czuhebfbsr& hoc ujqbqshoaj si ljhs hoc aifc/ Niqs id slj nbobok bo slj Ohkhzu
cbqsubas iaazuq ojhu slj absr id Nh`uhoh& {ljuj slj dhnizq nhuefj slhs {hq zqjc si ezbfc slj
Shg Nhlhf bq j|ahthsjc/ Sljuj huj jqsbnhsjq slhs ujqjutjq id :: nbffbio sioojq id slj nbojuhf
qsbff ujnhbob|/ Nbobok diu nhuefj bq chokjuizq hoc ujxzbujq aujtbajq si lhtj cj}slq id
h}}ui|bnhsjfr 1== djjs/ Bo slj Ehunju cbqsubas qhfs nbojq huj }uinbojos& slj nbojuhf j|ahthsjc
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duin ]hal}hcuh Sjlqbf& h qhfs ejfs slhs qsujsaljq diu 3: qxzhuj `bfinjsjuq duin Ehkzocb si slj
tbffhkj Ki}hcb/ Slj htjuhkj qhfs nboj bq 5=.1= djjs cjj} hoc :=.<= djjs {bcj/ Eb`hoju bq dhnizq
{iufc{bcj diu bsq afhr nbobok/ Iofr 8=* id slj afhr j|ahthsjc bq zqjc bo Uhghqslho& {bsl slj
ujnhbocju j|}iusjc si aizosubjq qzal hq Ehokfhcjql hoc Elzsho& iu dzfdbffbok 4=.;=* id Bocbh‒q
i{o ojjcq/ H}}ui|bnhsjfr 1:&=== }ji}fj huj botiftjc bo j|ahthsbok& hoc cbkkbok izs afhr bo
Eb`hoju cbqsubas/
SHEFJ 57 KUHTBQ [IU@ HUJH BO SLJ NBOJQ ID UHGHQSLHO
Cbqsubas Hujh Nbojuhf [iu`bok
qboaj
[bsl ! id
nbojuq
H}}ui|/
ozneju id
{injo bo slj
{iu`bok hujh8
Gicl}zu Qzuqhkhu Qhoc Qsioj 8225 85=&=== 3=&===
Ehunju ]hal}hsuh Qhfs 5==: 8=&=== 5&===
Qb{hoh Kuhobsj 5==< 8=&=== 8&:==
Eb`hoju @ifhrhs Afhr 5==: 5:&=== 8=&===
Ohkhzu Nh`uhoh Nhuefj 5==8 1:&=== 8=&===
SLJ NJSLICIFIKR
Slbq ciaznjos cuh{q duin eisl }ubnhur hoc qjaiochur chsh/ [lbfj ho j|sjoqbtj fbsjuhszuj
ujtbj{ {hq aioczasjc si }uitbcj h ehqba duhnj{iu` diu slj aiosjosq& }ubnhur chsh {hq
aiffjasjc sluizkl h uhocin qhn}fbok njslic bo dizu q}jabdba nbobok hujhq id [jqsjuo
Uhghqslho7 Eb`hoju& Ehunju& Nhu`hoh hoc Gicl}zu/ Slj nhgiu qizuajq id qjaiochur bodiunhsbio
huj husbafjq duin gizuohfq& eii`q& qalifhufr oisjq& {jeqbsjq hoc ujqjhual qszcbjq ,hq absjc bo slj
ebefbikuh}lr"/ Slj nhgiu qizuajq id }ubnhur chsh aiffjasbio huj xzjqsbioohbujq& Diazq Kuiz}
Cbqazqqbioq ,DKCq"& }juqiohf bosjutbj{q& }lisikuh}lr& cbujas ieqjuthsbio hoc ahqj qszcbjq
ciaznjoshsbio/
Slj }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq {hq cjtjfi}jc duin h ujtbj{ id j|bqsbok fbsjuhszuj& }zefbqljc{iu` hoc bodiunhsbio duin DKCq& }juqiohf bosjutbj{ hoc bocbtbczhf qzutjr/ Slj aiosubezsbioq
nhcj er {injo nbojuq si slj boczqsur ahnj heizs duin h cjq`si} ujtbj{ id }hqs fbsjuhszuj io
slj si}baq& h qzutjr {bsl diunhssjc xzjqsbioohbuj hoc DKCq {bsl {injo nbojuq kuiz}q/ Ajushbo
8Sljqj dbkzujq huj h}}ui|bnhsj hoc hq }ju }juqiohf j|}jubjoajq id slj sjhn
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auiqq ujdjujoaj id bodiunhsbio {bsl islju ujkbioq hoc {injo nbojuq {hq hfqi cioj sluizkl
fbsjuhszuj ujtbj{/ Slj kiic }uhasbajq hoc ujainnjochsbioq qjasbio {hq cjtjfi}jc nhbofr er
j|hnbobok slj bosjutjosbioq hoc bn}hasq id KUHTBQ‒ }uigjasq bo slj nbobok hujhq/
S{i }ujcjqbkojc xzjqsbioohbujq {bsl eisl afiqjc hoc i}jo xzjqsbioq io }uidjqqbiohf& kjocju&
qiabhf& jaioinba& lbqsiubahf hoc ljhfsl }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq {juj h}}fbjc bo slj dbjfc {bsl huhocin qjfjasbio id 85= {injo {iu`bok bo slj nbojq/ Qsuzaszujc }juqiohf bosjutbj{q {juj
aioczasjc si zocjuqshoc slj {injo nbojuq‒ }juqiohf tbj{q io slj aiocbsbioq id {iu` iu
}ujdjujoajq hoc q}jabdbahffr si zocjuqshoc qjoqbsbtj bqqzjq qzal hq }lrqbahf)njoshf hezqj si
sljn hoc)iu slj albfc {iu`juq {lbal ahoois ej cbqazqqjc bo duios id isljuq/ / Slbusr s{i
Diazqjc Kuiz} Cbqazqqbioq ,< bo jhal shukjs ujkbioq {bsl }husbab}hsbio id < }juqioq io ho
htjuhkj" {juj aioczasjc/ DKCq {juj aioczasjc {bsl h euihc uhokj id }husbab}hosq fb`j ifcju
{injo {li lhtj {iu`jc bo nbojq& {injo }ujqjosfr {iu`bok& {injo bo Qjfd Ljf} Kuiz}q
,QLKq" hoc njo hoc {injo sikjslju si zocjuqshoc sljbu tbj{q io {injo bo nbojq& sljbu
aiosubezsbio& }uiefjnq hoc }uiq}jasq/ H dj{ q}jabdba ahqjq {juj bcjosbdbjc diu ciaznjoshsbio
id ahqj qszcbjq/ Nzfsb}fj dbjfc tbqbsq {juj aioczasjc si zocjuqshoc slj uifj id {injo hoc slj{iu`bok jotbuionjos bo slj nbojq hoc }lisikuh}lq {juj sh`jo id abuaznqshoajq slhs ojjcjc
si ej lbklfbklsjc/
Slj qzutjr& DKCq& }juqiohf bosjutbj{q hoc islju siifq {juj zqjc io slj qhn}fj er h kuiz} id
dbjfc qshdd njnejuq hoc tifzosjjuq bo slj nioslq id Gzfr.Hzkzqs& 5==2/ Slj chsh josur hoc
hohfrqbq {hq aioczasjc bo slj niosl id Qj}sjneju hoc bnnjcbhsjfr hdsju slhs slj cuhdsbok id
slbq qszcr qshusjc/ Slj cuhdsbok {hq ioaj hkhbo cioj sluizkl h aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq id
djjceha`q hoc ujtbj{q er thubizq qshdd njnejuq duin KUHTBQ/
Slj fhqs alh}sju io aioafzqbioq hoc dzuslju ujainnjochsbioq {hq cjtjfi}jc sluizkl h
aioqzfshsbtj }uiajqq er qlhubok slj cuhds id slbq ciaznjos {bsl `jr bocbtbczhfq bo slbq dbjfc hoc
{bsl nbobok fheizu zobioq/
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FBNBSHSBIOQ ID SLJ QSZCR
Slj fbnbshsbioq id slbq qszcr huj ahzqjc duin slujj ujhqioq7
. Slj qhn}fj qbwj id slj }ubnhur qizuajq id bodiunhsbio {hq qnhff ain}hujc si slj thqs
ozneju id {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id Uhghqslho slzq fbnbsbok izu zocjuqshocbok id
slj bqqzjq slbq qszcr subjc si joxzbuj/ Kbtjo Uhghqslho lhq lzkj ozneju id nbojq hoc
afiqj si 5/: nbffbio {iu`juq& slj qhn}fj bq fb`j h cui} bo slj iajho/ Li{jtju& qboaj slbq
qszcr bq diazqbok io iofr dizu cbqsubasq& slj qnhff qhn}fj qbwj lhq ejjo hefj si }uitbcj
qinj qbkobdbahos boqbklsq bosi slj fbdj id slj {injo nbojuq bo slj shukjsjc hujh/
. Qzutjr ehqjq qszcbjq lhtj slj }isjosbhf id ebhq duin slj hkkujkhsjc ujqzfsq/ Hfslizkl
slj hkkujkhsjc chsh kbtjq h afjhu bocbahsbio io i}bobioq hoc }ujdjujoajq& sljqj ujqzfsq
aizfc kjs sb}}jc er slj hkkujkhsjc i}bobioq id slj oio.ujq}iocjosq iu {injo {li
{juj ois bo slj qhn}fj/
. Nhor {injo ujq}iocjosq {juj ois tjur i}jo bo hoq{jubok xzjqsbioq ujfhsjc si
j|}fibshsbio hoc hezqj/ Jtjo slizkl siifq qzal hq aiodbcjosbhf ioj io ioj ehqbq
}juqiohf bosjutbj{q {juj h}}fbjc& sljuj {hq qsbff ois nzal qzaajqq khbojc bo j|suhasbok
qjoqbsbtj bodiunhsbio/
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8:
ALH]SJU 57 [INJO BO NBOBOK BOCZQSUR
lj ajoqzq id 5==8 afjhufr qshsjq slhs bo Bocbh {injo ain}ubqj huizoc 83 }juajos id slj fheizu diuaj bo slj nbobok qjasiu/ Li{jtju& czj si slj j|sjos id bodiunhfbqhsbio id
{injo‒q fheizu& slj haszhf }ui}iusbio id {injo {iu`bok bo slj nbobok boczqsur bq hq
lbkl hq 11 }juajos hoc niqs id slj {injo fheizujuq ainj zocju slj ahsjkiur id nhukbohf
{iu`juq/ Rjs& {ljo bs ainjq si kbtbok slj {injo nbojuq sljbu czj aujcbs hoc sljbu czj
ubklsq& tjur fbssfj lhq ejjo cioj iu qhbc/ Bo kjojuhf& {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bo slj nbobok
boczqsur id Bocbh bq {bcjfr }ujthfjos hauiqq hff qze qjasiuq/ Diu boqshoaj& bo slj qshsj.i{ojc
aihf nbojq& {injo aioqsbszsj hfniqs :/4 }ju ajos id slj {iu`juq hoc huizoc 8; }ju ajos id
nhukbohf {iu`juq/
‖Slj }husbab}hsbio id {injo bq lbkljqs bo cifinbsj nbobok ,11 }ju ajos"& nbah nbobok ,5: }juajos"& afhrq nbobok ,51 }juajos"& qsioj xzhuurbok ,51 }ju ajos"& qhfs j|suhasbio ,51 }ju ajos"&
nhokhojqj iuj nbobok ,58 }ju ajos" hoc kjnqsiojq nbobok ,82 }ju ajos"& bocbahsbok slhs
{injo‒q fheizu bq aioajosuhsjc bo slj qnhff.qahfj iu bodiunhf nbobok qjasiu/ Jtjo {bslbo
sljqj qjasiuq& {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio bq lbklju hq nhukbohf {iu`juq bo cifinbsj nbobok ,3=
}ju ajos"& nbah nbobok ,3= }ju ajos"& afhrq nbobok ,1: }ju ajos"& qsioj xzhuurbok ,1< }ju
ajos"& qhfs j|suhasbio ,:2 }ju ajos"& nhokhojqj iuj nbobok ,3= }ju ajos" hoc kjnqsiojq
nbobok ,13 }ju ajos"/ Bo kifc iuj nbobok& {injo ain}ubqj :; }ju ajos id nhukbohf {iu`juq&
{bsl aluinbzn iuj nbobok hfqi jn}firbok {injo hq 1< }ju ajos id slj nhukbohf {iu`juq|/„
Slj dhasiuq ejlboc {injo‒q josur bosi slj nbobok boczqsur huj nhbofr hssubezsjc si }itjusr
hoc slj ojjc diu hccbsbiohf lizqjlifc boainj/ Slj {injo nbojuq duin slj aihf nbojq
j|}fhbojc slhs cbq}fhajnjos hoc fiqq id fhoc lhtj hctjuqjfr hddjasjc sljbu fbtjq hoc
fbtjfbliic& jaioinba hoc qiabhf qshszq& hoc ljhfsl hoc qjazubsr/ Cbq}fhajc {injo huj dizoc
bo qnhff }ubthsj iu zoiukhobwjc qjasiu id nbobok ujfhsjc hasbtbsbjq/ Sljqj {injo lhtj oi
{iu` qhdjsr njhqzujq& huj qzqaj}sbefj si qjubizq ljhfsl lhwhucq& hoc huj j|}iqjc si qj|zhf
j|}fibshsbio/
S
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84
[INJO NBOJUQ BO UHGHQSLHO
Niuj slho 2:* id nbobok hasbtbsbjq bo Uhghqslho dhffq bo slj cinhbo id slj zoiukhobqjc
qjasiu/ Izs id slj sishf nbojuq bo Uhghqslho& 1;* huj {injo hoc niqs id sljn huj chfbsq
hoc subehf/
Bs bq hfqi si ej oisjc slhs bo Uhghqslho 2:*|b id nboj {iu`juq huj nbkuhosq id {lbal& h ebk
alzo` id 4=* si ;=* huj duin {bslbo slj qshsj hoc suhtjf ejs{jjo cbqsubasq sluizklizs
Uhghqslho hoc slj ujqs huj jbslju duin eiucjubok qshsjq fb`j& Kzghuhs& Nhclrh ]uhcjql& Zsshu
]uhcjql iu duin dhu.h{hr qshsjq fb`j& Shnbf Ohcz& Hocluh ]uhcjql& Eblhu& Iubqqh& hoc [jqs
Ejokhf/ Slj ujazuubok cuizklsq lhtj }zqljc h fhukju }ui}iusbio id slj fheizu diuaj bo
Uhghqslho bosi nbobok hq slhs bq slj iofr aioqbqsjos qizuaj id boainj diu sljn/ Li{jtju&
nhor sbnjq slj bosjuqshsj nbkuhosq huj qjhqiohf nbkuhosq hq sljr ki eha` si sljbu i{o
ainnzobsr hs sbnjq si }zuqzj dhunbok iu islju suhcbsbiohf fbtjfbliicq/ Io slj islju lhoc&
slj nbkuhosq duin izsqbcj id Uhghqslho lhtj szuojc izs si ej slj }junhojos qjssfjuq boqinj id slj nbobok hujhq/
Hfslizkl nbkuhsbio bq qz}}iqjc si ej h ai}bok njalhobqn si szuo si hfsjuohsbtj fbtjfbliic
czubok slj cuizkls rjhuq& itju sbnj bs lhq ejainj h ujkzfhu djhszuj/ Slbq sujoc bq niuj
}uinbojos bo dhnbfbjq {bsl nzfsb}fj qioq hq sljo sljr sh`j szuoq bo kibok izsqbcj sljbu
ainnzobsr si {iu`/ Qinj id sljn ki izs si {iu` diu }jubicq id z} si diu fiokju }jubic slhs
uzo z} si 4 nioslq iu niuj/ Slj ujfhsbtjfr ejssju dbohoabhf qshszq id slj nbkuhosq lhq fzujc
nhor }ji}fj si gibo slj nbkuhsbio qsujhn hoc slj ozneju id nbkuhsbok }ji}fj lhq slzq
boaujhqjc itju sbnj/ Bs bq si ej oisjc slhs niqs qjhqiohf nbkuhsbioq huj iukhobwjc zocju h
slj`jchu ,aiosuhasiu" {li qshrq bo sizal {bsl slj nboj i{ojuq/ Sljqj slj`jchuq huuhokjhoc iukhobqj slj ujxzbujc ozneju id fheizujuq duin sljbu i{o iu ojbkleizubok tbffhkjq hoc
alhukj h ainnbqqbio io jtjur fheizuju‒q {hkj/
Fb`j jfqj{ljuj bo Bocbh& slj {injo nbojuq bo Uhghqslho {iu` bo slj nbojq nhbofr bo slujj
cbddjujos {hrq–hq {iu`juq bo slj j|suhasbtj }uiajqq& bo qiusbok hoc auzqlbok id slj
}uj}huhsbio id nbojuhfq& hoc hq afju`q& }jioq& qjaujshubjq hoc ozuqjq jsa/ [injo huj
jokhkjc nhbofr bo afjhubok cjeubq hoc }jeefjq duin slj nboj& hoc cibok islju icc gieq/
Djnhfj {iu`juq huj zqzhffr }hbc dhu fjqq slho nhfj {iu`juq|bb
/ Thubizq qszcbjq lhtj bocbahsjc
slhs itjuhff bo Bocbh io ho htjuhkj {lbfj h nhfj {iu`ju kjsq ejs{jjo Uq/ 4= hoc Uq/ 8:= h
chr& djnhfj {iu`juq jhuo h njhkju Uq 1= si 3= h chr diu cibok {iu` slhs‒q idsjo niujeha`eujh`bok/ Slj nbobnzn {hkj diu Uhghqslho {bsl jddjas duin 8
qsNhual 5==< diu
zoq`bffjc fheizu {iu` bq Uq/ 8==& diu qjnb.q`bffjc Uq/ 8=; hoc diu q`bffjc {iu` bs bq Uq/ 88:|bbb
/
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SLJ ]UIDBFJ ID [INJO NBOJUQ
Slj uifjq slhs {injo hoc njo }fhr hq nboj{iu`juq thur hoc {injo‒q }husbab}hsbio hq
hasbtj {iu`juq {bsl jxzhf aiosubezsbio idsjo kijq zooisbajc/ Li{jtju bd ioj cjftjq cjj}ju
hoc sh`jq h fii` hs slj uhokj id {iu` njo hoc {injo huj jokhkjc bo slj nbojq& ioj {bff ej
ain}jffjc si cjqsuir nhor nrslq heizs kjocju uifjq id njo hoc {injo bo slj nbojq/
[injo‒q {iu` bo nbobok qli{q slhs slj q}ljujq id njo hoc {injo‒q {iu` huj ois
ojajqqhubfr qj}huhsj ezs itjufh}/ ‖[injo‒q {iu` bo nbobok }ujqjosq slj nbojq hq q}jabhf
{iu`}fhajq0 hq slj “nboj{iu`ju‒ ejainjq tbqbefj hq kjocjujc qzegjasq& slj nboj.}bsq
uj}iqbsbio sljnqjftjq hq kjocjujc }fhajq„|bt
/ Er }ujqjosbok h ain}ujljoqbtj }uidbfj id slj
{injo nbojuq& slbq alh}sju {bff sur si bffznbohsj slj nhor qbcjq id slj {injo nbojuq hoc
{bff eubok si fbkls sljbu aiosubezsbio si slbq qjasiu/
Ljuj huj h dj{ `jr dhasq io {injo nbojuq bo [jqsjuo Uhghqslho& hq cjnioqsuhsjc er h
qzutjr aioczasjc er KUHTBQ bo 5==1|t7
‥ Ojhufr <4* id {injo qzutjrjc ejfiok si qaljczfjc subejq hoc qaljczfjc ahqsq/
‥ Hff slj {injo huj jn}firjc hq zoq`bffjc hoc buujkzfhu fheizujuq& hfslizkl qinj
{injo lhtj ejjo {iu`bok bo slj nbojq diu z} si 1= rjhuq/
‥ Slj {injo qhbc slhs sljbu hssjochoaj bq ojtju ujaiucjc er hor nboj/
‥ Oi {inho {hq dizoc si }iqqjqq azfsbthefj fhoc/
‥ Heizs <<* id slj fiahf kbufq {juj nhuubjc ejdiuj ujhalbok 8< rjhuq id hkj/
‥ Iofr 4* kjs h gie diu niuj slho 5= chrq }ju niosl/
‥ Cjq}bsj slj qbnbfhu {iu`fihc& {injo huj }hbc fjqq slho njo/
‥ Slj kitjuonjos lhq qjs slj nbobnzn {hkj hs Uq/ 4= }ju chr& ezs ois h qbokfj
{inho qzutjrjc ujajbtjc slhs hnizos iu lbklju/ Hfniqs 2=* id slj {injo
{iu`bok diu 4 si < lizuq ujajbtjc Uq/ 3: iu jtjo fjqq/
‥ Ho hkjos& “Gbnnjchuob&‒ ljf}q slj {injo si {iu` bo slj nbojq& hoc ujajbtjq h
}hus id sljbu boainj bo ujszuo/
‥ Qrn}sinq id hojnbh {juj dizoc bo hff slj {injo {iu`juq hoc 1=* ahuubjc slj
qrn}sinq id qbfbaiqbq/
‥ Slj ubklsq }uitbcjc er slj aioqsbszsbio hoc slj q}jabhf ubklsq diu {injo zocju
slj Nbojq Has id 82:5 lhtj ois ejjo j|jazsjc/‥ [injo {iu` bo slj nbojq nhbofr czj si7
¬ Lzqehoc‒q cjhsl duin nboj.ujfhsjc cbqjhqj iu haabcjos/
¬ Boah}habshsbio id lzqehoc duin cbqjhqj iu haabcjos
¬ Qjtjuhf albfcujo si ahuj diu/
¬ Niojr hcthoajc diu dhnbfr nhssjuq er slj nboj i{ojuq
¬ Lzqehoc‒q cuzk hccbasbio/
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slj qz}}fjnjos& slj qzeqbcbhur hoc slj qz}}ius si slj nhbo {iu` slhs bq ejbok cioj er slj
njo/ Hff id sljn zohobnizqfr qhbc slhs hfslizkl sljr {iu` si }uitbcj qz}}ius si slj njo&
sljbu gie lhq ejjo jxzhffr sizkl/
Slj {injo nbojuq j|}fhbojc slhs sljr qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj qhfs nbojq ejahzqj sljuj
{juj oi islju gie i}}iuszobsbjq hthbfhefj si sljn/ Slj {injo bo Ehunju qshusjc {iu`bokbo slj nbojq huizoc slujj kjojuhsbioq hki io slj hctbaj id sljbu dhnbfr iu bnnjcbhsj
ainnzobsr jfcjuq/ Slj nbojq uj}ujqjos sljbu {hr id fbdj hq slj qzutbthf id slj dhnbfr hs
sbnjq cj}jocq io slj nbojq iofr/ Sljr lhtj oi `oi{fjckj id lbqsiur ejrioc {lhs fbdj bq hs
}ujqjos/ Hoc bs qjjnq slhs slj ain}fjsj heqjoaj id sljbu lbqsiubahf hqqiabhsbio {bsl nbojq
cijq ois {iuur sljn/ [lhs sljr {iuur heizs bq sljbu dhnbfr hoc slj cbddbazfs aiocbsbioq
zocju {lbal sljr fbtj/ [ljo hq`jc bd sljr lhtj jtju dizkls diu bn}uitjnjos bo sljbu
{iu`bok aiocbsbio iu si kjs h uhbqj bo sljbu {hkj& sljr qhbc slhs h}hus duin qnhff boabcjosq id
}uisjqs ljuj hoc sljuj& oi nhgiu nitjnjos hkhboqs zodhbu nbobok }uhasbajq lhq jtju ejjo
iukhobwjc/ / H qnhff boabcjos bo ioj id slj qhn}fjq nbojq bd {iusl njosbiobok ljuj7
Ghnz& 3:& bq h {inho nboj {iu`ju {liqj lzqehoc qzddjuq duin qbfbaiqbq/ Ghnz fheizuq io slj nbojq
fihcbok qnhffju uia`q bosi h suhasiu/ Qlj cijq ois ejfbjtj slhs sljuj {bff ej hor nhsjubhf alhokjq si
{injo nboj{iu`juq‒ aiocbsbioq bo slj nbojq/ Slj }ujtbizq rjhu sljr lhc iukhobwjc 5 ‑ 1 qsub`jq si
}uisjqs& hfslizkl slj iofr }iqbsbtj izsainj duin slbq {hq h qnhff boaujhqj bo sljbu chbfr {hkj duin
Uq/ ; si Uq/ 8:& qlj qhrq/ Ghnz hq}bujq diu ejssju qhfhubjq hoc ejssju haajqq si ehqba dhabfbsbjq qzal hq
cubo`bok {hsju hoc sibfjs dhabfbsbjq/ Qlj {hq ioj id slj ifcju nboj {iu`juq bo slj hujh& ezs lhq ois
{bsojqqjc hor uhcbahf alhokjq bo slj {iu`bok aiocbsbioq id {injo nboj{iu`juq itju slj cjahcjq
qlj lhq q}jos io slj nbojq/
Bo Gicl}zu& slj {injo ujtjuejuhsjc slj qhnj {iucq hq slj {injo duin Ehunju/ Sljr qhbc
sljr lhtj ejjo {iu`bok bo nbojq qboaj nbojq qshusjc/ Hoc slj }ubnhur dhasiu ejlboc sljbu
gibobok slj nbojq bq dbohoabhf ojjcq id slj dhnbfr/ Nhor {injo nbojuq huj slj eujhc
{boojuq diu sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Jq}jabhffr& {ljo njo qzddju duin bogzubjq iu suhznh duin
haabcjosq iu ejainj bodbun duin cbqjhqjq iu {ljo njo cbj& {injo ojjc h qizuaj id
boainj hoc ejbok niqs dhnbfbhu si slj nbojq slhs bq {ljuj sljr szuo si diu qz}}iusbok sljbu
dhnbfbjq/
Shefj 1 qzkkjqsq slhs slj {injo nbojuq bo Gicl}zu& Nh`uhoh hoc Eb`hoju huj niqsfr
nbkuhosq hoc lhtj niqsfr ainj duin islju tbffhkjq)cbqsubasq {bslbo Uhghqslho/ Slj }ujqqbok
}ujqqzujq id }itjusr {juj afjhu diu nbkuhsbio duin sljbu ohsbtj }fhajq/ Hff qzal nbkuhosq
{juj dizoc si ej fhoc fjqq iu lhc nbkuhsjc duin sljbu }fhajq czubok cuizkls }jubicq hoc
oi{ huj qjssfjc bo slj nbobok hujhq/ Bo Ehunju li{jtju& xzbsj aiosuhur si slj sujoc bo slj
islju slujj qhn}fj cbqsubasq& 8==* id slj ujq}iocjosq huj fiahf ujqbcjosq/ Sljr huj niqsfr
duin h ahqsj kuiz} ahffjc @liu{hf {li huj lbqsiubahffr jokhkjc bo slj qhfs nbojq kjojuhsbio
hdsju kjojuhsbio/
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QIABHF
Slj qiabhf }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq ujtiftj huizoc sljbu uifj bo h lizqjlifc& niqs id slj
sbnjq {lbal bq slhs id h {bdj/ Slj qzutjr aioczasjc er slbq qszcr bocbahsjc slhs niqs
{injo nbojuq huj nhuubjc/ Bo Nhu`hoh diu boqshoaj 4</;:* id slj {injo nbojuq huj
nhuubjc/ H qzeqshosbhf ozneju id {injo nbojuq huj hfqi cbtiuajc iu {bci{q& qbkobdrbok slhs
sljr huj slj nhbo eujhc{boojuq diu sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Slj }ujtbizq qszcr io {injo aioczasjc
er KUHTBQ qli{q slhs heizs 25 }juajos {injo nhuubjc ejdiuj slj hkj id 8<|tb
/ Itjuhff ;2*
id slj {injo nbojuq‒ lzqehocq huj azuujosfr {iu`bok bo slj nbojq& {ljujhq h}}ui|bnhsjfr
5=* id slj {injo nbojuq zqjc si ej bo slj nbojq/ H fhukj }ui}iusbio id {injo {liqj
lzqehocq {juj {iu`bok bo slj nbojq huj azuujosfr qba` iu lhtj }hqqjc h{hr& {ljuj qinj
lhtj qshusjc {iu`bok bo islju qjasiuq/
‖Hs := rjhuq id hkj& Uhnjql{hub Cjtb aho‒s ujnjneju {ljo qlj qshusjc {iu`bok bo slj
nbojq/ Fbdj hq h nboj{iu`ju lhq fjds lju {bsl oboj nbqahuubhkjq hoc oi albfcujo/ Qboaj lju lzqehoc aizfc ois {iu` ejahzqj id lbq cuzk hccbasbio hoc hqslnh& qlj {hq diuajc si {iu`
sluizkl lju }ujkohoabjq bo iucju si sh`j ahuj id lbn hoc ljuqjfd/ Hoc zodiuszohsjfr& slj
iofr i}}iuszobsr diu {iu` bq bo slj nbojq/„
H TBFFHKJ ID [BCI[Q
@hfbejub bo Gicl}zu cbqsubas bq h efha` q}is bo slj lbqsiur id nbojq bo Uhghqslho j|jn}fbdrbok
slj j|sjos si {lbal slj zoqhdj nbojq aho cjqsuir slj qiabhf dheuba id ainnzobsr fbdj/ Duin
haabcjosq hoc cbqjhqjq& qb|sr lizqjlifcq bo slbq tbffhkj lhtj fiqs sljbu nhfj dhnbfr njnejuq/
Ioj dhnbfr lhc dizu qioq& hff id {li cbjc {bslbo h q}ho id 8= rjhuq hoc oi{ slbq dhnbfr bq fjds
{bsl dizu {bci{q hoc sljbu albfcujo/ Slj jfcjqs qio‒q {bci{ qhbc slhs qlj fiqs lju lzqehoc
duin qbfbaiqbq/ Sljuj huj qb|sr {bci{q bo slbq tbffhkj oi{& szuobok slj tbffhkj si hfniqs h
tbffhkj id {bci{q/ Niqs {bci{q huj zocju 3= rjhuq& hoc oi{ iofr 1: njo hczfs njo fbtj bo
slbq tbffhkj slzq q`j{bok slj cjnikuh}lbaq bo slj tbffhkj tjur ojkhsbtjfr/
Slj qiabhf }uidbfj id slj {injo nbojuq ujtiftj huizoc lizqjlifc aliujq hoc slj czsbjq si
sljbu dhnbfbjq/ Slj {injo nbojuq chbfr hasbtbsbjq qli{ h qsuiok sjocjoar si qshr botiftjc
{bsl cinjqsba czsbjq uhslju slho lhtj h qiabhf fbdj id sljbu i{o {ljuj sljr aho qbs {bsl sljbu
dubjocq& }zuqzj sljbu lieebjq iu boczfkj bo sljbu bosjujqsq/ Slj {injo {h`j z} hs slj auha`
id ch{o si dbobql cinjqsba {iu` qzal hq afjhobok& djsalbok {hsju& aiffjasbok {iic diu dbuj&
aii`bok hoc sljo sljr qjs aizuqj si slj nbojq/ Hdsju {iu`bok hff chr& sljr ainj eha` bo slj
jtjobok si hkhbo ujqshus sljbu lizqjlifc aliujq {lbal oi{ botiftj aii`bok cbooju hoc
afjhobok/ Slj njo ljf} slj {injo nbojuq hs sbnjq {bsl fii`bok hdsju slj albfcujo hoc
djsalbok {hsju ezs slhs‒q uhuj/ Niqs {injo nbojuq {li lhtj qnhff albfcujo)siccfjuq {li
ahoois ej fjds hfioj sh`j sljbu albfcujo si slj nbojq {bsl sljn/
‖Qhosz Cjtb& 5:.rjhuq.ifc& {iu`q bo slj nbojq gzqs si jhuo 3= uz}jjq& {lbal bq ehujfr joizkl
si sh`j ahuj id lju lzqehoc& {li bq qzddjubok duin szejuazfiqbq& hoc albfcujo/ Li{jtju& jtjo
{ljo qlj ainjq si slj nboj bo slj niuobok& qlj bq ois kzhuhosjjc {iu`/ Qinjsbnjq qlj lhq
si {hbs hff chr diu ho i}}iuszobsr slhs nhr ois ainj/„
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SLJ LHUCJOJC LHOCQ‒ CHBFR UIZSBOJ
Kjjsh‒q cujhn id ubccbok ljuqjfd duin slj {hffq id slj nbojq hdsju kjssbok nhuubjc cbc ois
ainj suzj& Io slj aiosuhur& nboj qjjnq si ej slj iofr ainnio dhasiu ejs{jjo lju dhslju‒qlinj hoc lju lzqehoc‒q linj/ ]itjusr ain}jffjc Kjjsh si ki eha` si slj nbojq hdsju
nhuubhkj& hoc qi lju fbdj bq ajosjujc huizoc lju {iu` bo slj nboj/ Sluizklizs slj rjhu&
Kjjsh‒q chr ejkboq hs slj auha` id ch{o hq qlj josjuq lju `bsaljo si }uj}huj njhfq hoc
huuhokj diu cbo`bok {hsju/ Hs sbnjq& bo slj dhaj id slj uzql si kjs hff lizqjlifc aliujq cioj
bo sbnj& qlj q`b}q lju i{o eujh`dhqs/ Er 2 bo slj niuobok& qlj fjhtjq diu slj nboj {bsl lju
s{i siccfjuq hs si{/ Hs sbnj qlj lhq si ki huizoc bo nbojq fii`bok diu chbfr gieq& hoc {ljo
qlj kjsq lju szuo bsq nhbofr slj gie id }izocbok qsiojq hoc fihcbok sliqj bosi qsiuhkj hujhq/
Cj}ubtjc id hor dhabfbsbjq qzal hq qlhcj si ujqs& sibfjsq iu cubo`bok {hsju& Kjjsh‒q {lifj chr
kijq h{hr {iu`bok io lju chbfr gie hoc er czq` qlj kjsq ujhcr si fjhtj diu linj/ Io slj
{hr linj& qlj }ba`q z} kuiajur bsjnq duin slj qsiujq& hoc io ujhalbok linj qlj hssjocq sislj kihsq hs linj/ Sljo qlj uj.josjuq lju `bsaljo hoc nh`jq cbooju diu lju dhnbfr
njnejuq/ Lju lzqehoc hs sbnjq nh`jq ho h}}jhuhoaj si cjnhoc niojr diu lbq hfailif hoc
bd ois kbtjo ejhsq lju z}& slzq sh`bok Kjjsh‒q chbfr uizsboj si hoislju j|sujnj/ Li{jtju&
Kjjsh sh`jq slbq hezqj hq h }hus id lju fbdj hoc kjsq eha` si lju chbfr uizsboj ubklsh{hr&
{lbal si{hucq slj fhsju }hus id slj jtjobok ujtiftj huizoc djjcbok lju albfcujo hoc sza`bok
sljn bo sljbu ejc/ Dbohffr& Kjjsh fhrq ci{o si ujqs zosbf slj qzo ubqjq hkhbo․
S{jftj rjhu ifc Qz`b hoc lju ifcju qbqsju sibf zolh}}bfr bo slj qhfs nbojq id Ehunju cbqsubas&
jhuobok h sishf id qb|sr uz}jjq }ju chr& ehujfr joizkl si aitju lizqjlifc j|}jocbszujq/ Slj
s{i qbqsjuq qzddju aioqshos hezqj duin slj nboj aiosuhasiu& hoc sljbu fbtjq kjs {iuqj {ljosljr huubtj linj bo slj jtjobok& j|lhzqsjc hoc lzokur/ Boqsjhc id diic hoc ujqs& sljr dhaj
slj {uhsl id Elhun Uhn& sljbu hfailifba dhslju/ Elhun Uhn qshrq hs linj& qzddjubok duin
qjtjuj ahqjq id hqslnh hoc szejuazfiqbq0 {bslizs horslbok ejssju si ci& lj sh`jq fbxziu jhal
obkls hoc ejhsq lbq chzklsjuq {lbfj cuzo`/
Qz`b lhq xzbjsfr joczujc slj hezqjq hs {iu` hoc hs linj0 si jhqj slj }hbo& qlj lhq
cjtjfi}jc slj lhebs id alj{bok kzsl`h/ Abuaznqshoajq lhtj }zqljc Qz`b bosi h lhuql fbdj bo
slj nbojq7 lju nislju cbjc slujj rjhuq hki duin albfc ebusl& hoc lju hfailifba dhslju lhq
ois {iu`jc diu rjhuq/ Abuaznqshoajq lhtj kissjo {iuqj qboaj qlj qshusjc {iu`bok/ Qljoi{ qzddjuq duin tjusbki hoc {jh`ojqq& ejahzqj lju cbjs aioqbqsq hfniqs josbujfr id iobio&
alh}hssbq duin nbffjs& hoc ujc albfb/
‖[lhs heizs kujjo tjkjshefjq hoc ubaj9„ {j hq`jc/
‖Kujjo tjkjshefjq hoc ubaj9„ Qz b̀ ezuqs bosi fhzklsju/ ‖Slhs‒q djqsbthf diic/„
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SHEFJ :7 NHUBSHF QSHSZQ
Qshszq Gicl}zu Ehunju Nh̀ uhoh Eb`hoju
Nhuubjc ;=* ;</23* 4</;:* 4:*
Zonhuubjc :* =* =* 8=*
[bci{ 5:* 58/=:* 18/5:* 5:*
Hehociojc =* =* =* =*
SHEFJ 47 LZQEHOCQ+ ]UIDJQQBIO
Gicl}zu Ehunju Nh`uhoh Eb`hoju
Bq h nboju ;1/4<* 41/84** 4</;:* 44/4;*
[hq h nboju 54/15* 58/=:* 18/5:* 5;/;<*
islju {iu`q =/==* 8:/;2/* =/==* :/:4*
[injo nbojuq huj h{huj slhs sljbu albfcujo ojjc si ki si qaliif/ Slj qzutjr ujqzfsq afjhufr
bocbahsjc slhs bo Nh`uhoh& ;:* id slj {injo nbojuq‒ albfcujo ki si qaliif/ Li{jtju& slj
islju slujj cbqsubasq Gicl}zu& Ehunju hoc Eb`hoju lhtj ois dhujc slhs {jff bo slbq ahsjkiur
hq iofr 4=*& 4<* hoc 3=* id slj {injo nbojuq qjoc sljbu albfcujo si qaliif ujq}jasbtjfr/
Slbq }ujqjosq h kubn }baszuj hq bs bn}fbjq nhor albfcujo huj jbslju cui}}bok izs id qaliif huj
qshrbok bffbsjuhsj/ Sljuj huj ozneju id ujhqioq aiosubezsbok si albfcujo ois kibok diu
jczahsbio fb`j jaioinba ain}zfqbioq& kjocju ebhq& hthbfhebfbsr id qaliif hoc nisbthsbio/
[ljuj lhebshsbioq lhtj nzqluiinjc czj si hthbfhebfbsr id {iu` bo nbobok hujhq& bs bq
cbddbazfs si dboc qaliifq bo }ui|bnbsr/ Hfslizkl nhor id qzal lhebshsbioq huj hfniqs
}junhojos/ Hccjc si slhs slj heqjoaj id cjcbahsjc sjhaljuq {li {izfc qjj` izs qz}}ius
hoc joaizuhkj nbojuq si qjoc sljbu albfcujo dzuslju hkkuhthsj slj }uiefjn/ Hfslizkl sljuj
bq oi xzjqsbio io ojajqqbsr id jczahsbio ezs slj diunhf }ubnhur jczahsbio {lbal bq
}uinisjc bq ois hffi{bok fheizujuq si bcjosbdr h }hsl si fii` diu i}}iuszobsbjq bo islju
qjasiuq si jhuo fbtjfbliic/
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SLUJHSJOJC CBKOBSR& SLUJHSJOJC FBDJ
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{injo nbojuq ej kbtjo kujhsju ujq}jas hoc cbkobsr9 |tbb
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Nhnsh hoc Qhosiql& 83. hoc 81.rjhuq.ifc& ujq}jasbtjfr& ljf} sljbu nislju dbff h suhasiu suiffjr
{bsl cjeubq jhal chr qi qlj aho aiffjas 3= uz}jjq/ [iu`juq huj }hbc iofr bd sljr dbff ho josbuj
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Ioj ainnio djhszuj slhs {hq oisbajc bo hff slj nbojq {hq slj ozneju id albfcujo/ [ljo
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cbqnbqqjc er slj nboj i{ojuq/
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hccbasbio& sljr huj slujhsjojc {bsl }lrqbahf tbifjoaj/
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Hq bd slbq {hqos joizkl& @hfb Ehb gb j|}fhbojc slhs qlj sii bq fbtbok {bsl qbfbai.szejuazfiqbq
hdsju q}jocbok itju 5= rjhuq bo slj nbojq diffi{bok lju lzqehocq bffojqq/ Diu slj }hqs 8=
rjhuq qlj lhq ejjo j|}jubjoabok djtjuq& {jh`ojqq& hoc aizklbok/ Fbtbok ejfi{ slj }itjusr
fboj& qlj hoc lju dhnbfr qsuzkkfj si qzutbtj/ Qlj sh`jq njcbaboj {ljo qlj djjfq }hbo hoc lhq
lhc si q}joc j|sjocjc }jubicq id sbnj bo liq}bshfq/ Slj ahuj slhs qlj lhq ujajbtjc&
li{jtju& lhq ejjo bohcjxzhsj0 h ainnio ain}fhbos id nhor qbfbaiqbq }hsbjosq/ Lju fhqs
liq}bshf qshr fhqsjc diu 8= chrq ezs qlj {hq ojtju }ui}jufr hssjocjc si iu dzffr j|hnbojc er
h ciasiu/
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slj cbuj }itjusr qlj hoc lju dhnbfr qsuzkkfj {bsl jhal chr& KUHTBQ hoc LJCAIO fjds @hfb
Ejub gb {bsl 8==@k id nbffjs& {lbal qlizfc fhqs diu h niosl& bo li}jq id hffjtbhsbok slj
qzddjubok id lju dhnbfr/ [lbfj }uinisbok njslicq diu qzqshbohefj cjtjfi}njos hoc qjfd.
qzddbabjoar huj `jr jfjnjosq id LJCAIO)KUHTBQ bobsbhsbtjq& sljuj huj qinj qbszhsbioq slhs
huj gzqs qi cjq}juhsj slhs bnnjcbhsj ujfbjd bq ojjcjc si ljf} }ji}fj qzutbtj/
]IFBSBAHF
Slj }ifbsbahf }uidbfj id {injo nbojuq bq niqsfr fbnbsjc si sljbu uifjq bo slj nbojuq‒ zobio/ H
{inho bo ioj id slj nbojq bq slj tbaj }ujqbcjos id slj nbojuq zobio/ Slj zobio subjc si
bn}uitj slj fbtjq id {injo bo slj nbojq sluizkl thubizq njhoq qzal hq }uisjasbio duin
hezqj hoc er }uitbcbok sljn {bsl h }fhsdiun si j|}ujqq sljbu kubjthoajq/ Qinj id sljn
oi{ lhtj ifc hkj hoc {bci{ }joqbioq duin slj kitjuonjos hoc zobio }fhrq h ebk }hus io
joaizuhkbok {injo si {iu` hoc hfqi ljf} sljn dboc slbq {iu`& jtjo bd bs bq bo slj nbojq/
Li{jtju& {ljo fii`jc hs slj euihcju }baszuj {bsl Bo slj qzutjr& h njuj 58* id slj {injo
qhbc sljr {juj njnejuq id fheizu zobio hoc iofr 83* {injo qhbc slhs sljr {juj h{huj id
slj uifjq hoc slj ujq}ioqbebfbsbjq id fheizu zobio/ Slj fbnbsjc uifj id {injo bo slj fheizuzobio bq dzuslju j|jn}fbdbjc er slj dhas slhs iofr 82* id slj {injo nbojuq hssjocjc slj
fheizu zobio njjsbokq ujkzfhufr& hoc iofr 88* djfs slhs sljr lhtj h qhr bo slj zobio iu slhs
sljbu i}bobioq nhssju/ Bo Nh`uhoh& Eb`hoju& hoc Gicl}zu& hff ujq}iocjosq zohobnizqfr
hkujjc bo qshsbok slhs sljr qsbff ci ois lhtj hor qhr itju slj zobioq‒ cjabqbioq hoc hasbtbsbjq/
Li{jtju& Ehunju qshocq izs hq afiqj si 35* ujq}iocjosq qhbc slhs sljr djfs slhs sljr aho
bodfzjoaj slj zobioq hasbtbsbjq hoc slhs sljr huj fbqsjojc si {ljo q}i`jo/ Izs id h sishf
4<* ujq}iocjosq {li qhbc sljr {juj fheizu zobio njnejuq& 35* qhbc sljr djjf
jn}i{jujc/ Sljujdiuj& bo Ehunju& afjhufr slj {injo nbojuq huj hasbtj bo sljbu
}husbab}hsbio hoc botiftjnjos {bsl slj zobio/ H}hus duin slj fheizu zobioq& thubizq
}husbab}hsiur ainnbssjjq qzal hq Tbffhkj Cjtjfi}njos Ainnbssjjq ,TAC"& Tbffhkj Jczahsbio
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Ainnbssjj ,TJA" hoc Qjfd Ljf} Kuiz}q ,QLK" hfqi }fhr h auzabhf uifj bo jn}i{jubok hoc
johefbok {injo nbojuq/ Sluizkl sljqj ainnbssjjq slj {injo nbojuq dboc h tibaj diu
sljnqjftjq si aiosubezsj si sljbu i{o cjtjfi}njos hoc si slj cjtjfi}njos id slj itjuhff
ainnzobsr/ Bo Ehunju& h 5;= njnejuq huj {injo izs id :=5 sishf njnejuq& bo Nh`uhoh
sljuj huj 5<5 {injo njnejuq izs id h sishf id 1=5 njnejuq& hoc bo Gicl}zu sljuj huj 58;
{injo njnejuq izs id 1:= sishf njnejuq/
QJFD LJF] KUIZ]Q [JHTBOK CUJHN DIU SLJ DZSZUJ/
Khokh {iu`jc bo slj nbojq diu 8; rjhuq/ 1 rjhuq hki& qlj {hq kbtjo h kuhos duin KUHTBQ
slhs hffi{jc lju si qshus lju i{o qli}/ Slbq lhq }uitbcjc lju {bsl h fbtjfbliic hs h sbnj bo
lju fbdj {ljo bs {izfc lhtj ejjo cbddbazfs si aiosbozj bo slj nbojq/
Qlj hoc islju fiahf {injo huj hfqi njnejuq id h qjfd.ljf} kuiz} ,QLK"/ Sljr lhtj subjc
sljbu lhocq hs qjtjuhf cbddjujos auhdsq/ Dbuqsfr& sljr subjc nh`bok hoc qjffbok qih}q hoc
cjsjukjosq/ Li{jtju& sljr dizoc slhs sljr aizfc ois }uiczaj sljqj hs ain}jsbsbtj }ubajq/Oj|s& sljr subjc nh`bok lhocehkq& ezs slbq tjoszuj {hq zoqzaajqqdzf hfqi/
KUHTBQ ujajosfr }uitbcjc slj {injo {bsl qj{bok nhalbojq hoc sljr li}j si ej hefj si
jhuo qinj boainj qsbsalbok afisljq/ Zodiuszohsjfr& sljr lhtj ois ujajbtjc h fis id suhbobok&
qi bs nbkls sh`j qinj sbnj ejdiuj sljr huj hefj si nh`j slbq h }uidbshefj josju}ubqj/ Slbq bq h
}uiefjn slhs qjjnq si iaazu ujkzfhufr7 QLKq huj }uitbcjc {bsl njhoq id }uiczasbio er
OKIq& ezs huj sljo fjds {bslizs hcjxzhsj qz}}ius iu suhbobok/ Diu slbq ujhqio& qzal }uigjasq
idsjo dhbf qbn}fr ejahzqj slj }husbab}hosq huj zoqzuj id li{ si nh`j sljn tbhefj/ J|}joqbtj
nhalbojq huj hehociojc hoc fhr ciunhos& {ljo h fbssfj suhbobok aizfc lhtj suhoqdiunjc
sljn bosi h njalhobqn diu qiabhf hoc jaioinba }uikujqq/
Lhtbok qhbc slhs& sljqj {injo ujshbojc sljbu joslzqbhqn hoc li}j diu slj dzszuj/ Sljr
qjjnjc aiodbcjos slhs ioj chr sljr {izfc ej hefj si iddju sljbu chzklsjuq h dzszuj islju
slho nboj {iu`/ Gzqs hq bn}iushosfr& sljqj }uigjasq iddju ujsbujc nboj {iu`juq ho htjozj id
boainj kjojuhsbio slhs {izfc ois islju{bqj ej hthbfhefj si sljn/ [lbfj nhor njnejuq
aiosbozjc si ujfr io slj nbojq hq sljbu }ubnhur qizuaj id boainj& sljr huj aiodbcjos slhs
sljr {bff ej hefj si kuhczhffr {iu` si{hucq h qbszhsbio {ljuj sljr huj oi fiokju diuajc si
{iu` bo slj nbojq ezs huj bo aiosuif id sljbu i{o cjqsbor/
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SLJ AIOSUBEZSBIO ER [INJO NBOJUQ
Slj ozneju id {injo nbojuq bq ubqbok uh}bcfr/ Slj Kfiehf Uj}ius er slj Nbobok& Nbojuhfq
hoc Qzqshbohefj Cjtjfi}njos ,NNQC" ]uigjas io Husbqhohf hoc Qnhff Qahfj Nbobok
,Ljosqaljf js hf/ 5==57 58" |tbbb
}ibosjc izs slhs “Pbo^ aiosuhqs si fhukj.qahfj nbobok& slj
botiftjnjos id {injo bo qnhff.qahfj nbobok hasbtbsbjq bq kjojuhffr lbkl/‒ Slj ozneju id
{injo }husbab}hsbok bo bodiunhf nbobok hasbtbsbjq lhq boaujhqjc itju sbnj/ Rjs& {injo
nbojuq huj niqsfr ci{o}fhrjc hq aiosubezsiuq si slj nbobok boczqsur/ [injo bo Bocbho
nbobok huj bocjjc qjjo hq h oio.suhcbsbiohf ain}iojos& hoc aioqjxzjosfr sljuj bq h
sjocjoar si cjor slj dhas slhs {injo huj bn}iushos qjknjos id slj {iu` diuaj/ Bo slj fbkls
id ujajos jaioinba alhokjq bo boczqsubjq& sljuj bq h ojjc si ujtbj{ {injo‒q botiftjnjos bo
slj boczqsur hoc sljuj bq hfqi h ojjc diu ujthfzhsbok slj }uiq}jasq id {injo nbojuq& hoc
sljbu {iu` bo slj nbojq ojjc si ej j|hnbojc/
[injo {iu`juq diun slj }uitjuebhf “}iiujqs id slj }iiu‒ kuiz}& bo zukjos ojjc id
bosjutjosbioq si bn}uitj sljbu dujjcin hoc hebfbsbjq& hoc hfqi si aliiqj hfsjuohsbtj
iaaz}hsbioq diu sljnqjftjq/
Hfslizkl nbojq lhtj h nhqazfboj bnhkj& {injo lhtj hf{hrq ejjo jn}firjc bo nbojq bo
}uiczasbtj uifjq/ Gieq bo slj nbojq huj qj|zhffr qjkujkhsjc& {lbal bq hfqi ujdjuujc si hq
liubwioshf qjkujkhsbio& iddjubok {injo hoc njo ujqsubasjc josur si }husbazfhu gieq/ Diu
j|hn}fj& fiahf suhoq}iushsbio iu nhsjubhfq bq hfniqs hf{hrq cioj bo ljhc fihcq id ehq`jsq er
{injo& {ljujhq sjalobahf gieq ujxzbubok q`bff iu zqj id nhalbojq huj hfniqs hf{hrq
ujqjutjc diu njo/ Slj sr}bahf oisbio bq slhs {injo huj ciabfj& }iqqjqqbok slj }uitjuebhf
‖obnefj dbokjuq„& hoc huj ois qz}}iqjc si ci ljhtr {iu`/ Li{jtju& bo hfniqs hff nbojq hoc
xzhuubjq& bs bq {injo {li ljhc fihc slj azs nbojuhf iujq duin slj nboj qbsj si slj auzqlju&
dhasiur iu slj suza` qsi} hoc slzq ioj {iocjuq li{ bq bs }iqqbefj diu slj ‖obnefj dbokjuq„ si
ahuur qzal ljhtr fihcq/
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‖Jn}firnjos id {injo bq tjur }i}zfhu bo i}joahqs nbojq ejahzqj sljr huj niuj ujkzfhu hoc
cj}jochefj hoc ci ois boczfkj bo j|ajqqbtj cubo`bok/ [injo huj bo cjnhoc hfqi diu lhoc qiusbok hoc
efjocbok diu bn}uitbok slj xzhfbsr id j|suhasjc nbojuhfq {lbal aho ois ej khbodzffr ahuubjc izs njalhobahffr/„
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DBKZUJ 87 ]FHAJ ID [INJO NBOJUQ BO QNHFF NBOJQ HOC XZHUUBJQ
Fhlbub }ujqjosjc slj heitj dbkzuj si cj}bas slj }fhaj id {injo bo slj nbobok boczqsur/ Slj
cbhkuhn qli{q sljuj bq boaujhqjc zqj id nhalbojq {bsl boaujhqbok fjkhfbsr dhasiu hoc
ah}bshfbqs nicj id }uiczasbio/ Li{jtju& slj nh|bnzn aioajosuhsbio id {injo‒q fheizu bq
si ej euihcfr dizoc bo slj oio.fjkhf hoc nhozhf& qzeqbqsjoaj nbobok }uhasbajq slzq qli{bok
slj qzegzkhsjc qshszq id slj {injo nbojuq/
Slj aiosubezsbio {injo nbojuq bo slj nbojq id [jqsjuo Uhghqslho hq j|}fhbojc er slj
{injo nbojuq sljnqjftjq bq slhs sljr ci lhfd id slj {iu` hoc ljf} njo dbobql sljbu {iu`/
Slj xzhosbsr id aiosubezsbio bq hfqi lhfd id slj {iu`/ [ljo hq`jc h {inho nboju bd qlj
slizkls {injo {iu`jc hq lhuc hq njo bo slj nbojq& qlj {hq hnzqjc er slj xzjqsbio hoc
qhbc slhs {injo {iu` lhucju slho njo jtjur{ljuj& {ljslju hs linj iu bo slj nbojq/
[injo {iu`juq huj jn}firjc hq ljhc.fihc ahuurbok }iusjuq& hoc bo qsioj eujh`bok&afjhobok& hoc islju diunq id chbfr.{hkj fheizu {ljuj sljr huj josbujfr hs slj njuar id
aiosuhasiuq& hoc lhtj heqifzsjfr oi {iu`.qhdjsr iu qjazubsr/ Bd sljuj huj haabcjosq fb`j nboj
aiffh}qj& {ljuj slj {injo huj `bffjc iu cbqhefjc& sljqj huj niqs idsjo lzqljc z} er slj
dhnbfbjq sljnqjftjq& diu djhu id }ifbaj hasbio iu dhabok slj ain}horq {uhsl/ Sljr hfqi hqqbqs
njo {iu`juq hs slj {iu` qbsj er sh`bok sljbu siifq si slj efha`qnbsl diu njocbok& qz}}frbok
cubo`bok {hsju hoc sjh& hoc hfqi diu fihcbok qsioj alb}q iosi suhasiuq.suhbfjuq/
Niqs {injo nbojuq hkujjc slhs sljbu }hrnjos bq ois dhbu hoc bq ejfi{ }hu slj aiosubezsbio
slhs sljr nh`j si slj nbojq/ Sljr hff djjf zocju}hbc ezs sljr ci ois `oi{ li{ aho sljr
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alhokj slj qbszhsbio bo sljbu dhtizu/ Jtjo sljo h fhukj }ui}iusbio id {injo nbojuq
aiosubezsj qzeqshosbhffr si slj lizqjlifc boainj hq bocbahsjc bo slj shefj ejfi{/
SHEFJ ;7 AIOSUBEZSBIO SI NIOSLFR LIZQJLIFC
Gicl}zu Ehunju Nh`uhoh Eb`hoju
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niuj sljo 5==8 =/==* =/==* =/==* =/==*
[injo nbojuq‒ aiosubezsbio bq afjhufr zocjuuhsjc hoc sljbu }isjosbhf si kui{ bq azuejc hq
bocbahsjc er izu qzutjr slhs iofr 4/:* id slj ujq}iocjosq lhtj ujajbtjc hor suhbobokq diu
ah}habsr cjtjfi}njos/ Slj }ujthfjos kjocju efbocojqq bq ietbizq hq niqs id slj sbnjq slj
xzjqsbio hq si {lr {injo nbkls ej aioajosuhsjc bo slj niuj huczizq gie id lhoc.qiusbok&
fihcbok ehq`jsq hoc ahuurbok ljhc fihcq bq bkoiujc/ Slj qj|zhf cbtbqbio id fheizu bo qnhff
nbojq hoc xzhuubjq }ujqjosjc er Alhssi}hclrhr ,5==5" diu nbah dhasiubjq bo Kbubcbl bo
jhqsjuo Bocbh afjhufr qli{q slhs njo sjoc si ci niuj q}jabhfbqjc hoc q`bffjc gieq slhs idsjo
botiftj slj zqj id nhalbojq/ Ietbizqfr& ljhc fihcbok id 5=.1= `bfikuhnq bq ois aioqbcjujc si
ej zoqzbshefj diu {injo {bslbo slj nboj/
Szuobok si hoislju hq}jas& bd slj uhokj id }ji}fj hqqiabhsjc iu {iu`bok {bslbo slj nbobok
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}junbsq)fbajoqjq)}junbqqbioq& botjqs slj ah}bshf& hoc lbuj aiosuhasiuq si uzo slj chr si chr
nbobok i}juhsbioq/ Sljqj i{ojuq idsjo lhtj fiahf hqqiabhsbioq/ Slj }ui}iusbio id {injo bo
eisl sljqj ahsjkiubjq bq hfniqs wjui/ Aiosuhasiuq& nhohkjuq& qz}jutbqiuq& haaizos.`jj}ju
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slj s{i fhssju qze.kuiz}q/
Slzq& {injo {iu` bo fhukj oznejuq& bo ubq`r hoc nhozhf gieq bo slj nbojq& {bsl fbssfj iu oi
qhdjsr iu qjazubsr& hs fi{ {hkjq hoc idsjo hq }hus id dhnbfr fheizu/ Sljr {iu` hq
suhoq}iusjuq iu fihcjuq& hoc hq }uiajqqiuq id nbojuhfq/ Slbq fjhcq si slj zodiuszohsj fha` id
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hfqi bo ]h}zh Oj{ Kzbojh"/ Slj azfszuhffr uiisjc kjocju ebhq hkhboqs {injo nbojuq bq
dzuslju ujbodiuajc sluizkl nhor fjkhf boqsuznjosq slhs fbnbs {injo‒q fheizu si q}jabdba gieq
bo q}jabdba }fhajq hoc sbnjq/
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Sbgh Cjtb& h :: rjhu ifc {inho nboj{iu`ju bo h nboj bo Eb`hoju/ Sbgh Cjtb lhc iofr ejjo {iu`bok bo
slbq nboj diu h chr {ljo {j njs lju/ Jhufbju qlj {hq {iu`bok bo hoislju nboj diu ojhufr 8= rjhuq
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rjhuq id {iu`bok bo nbojq& {iu`juq lhtj slj ubkls si h }joqbio hoc ljoaj nboj i{ojuq {iu` huizoc
slbq jbslju er ois ujkbqsjubok slj {iu`juq iu qbn}fr suhoqdjuubok sljn jtjur dj{ rjhuq si hoislju
nboj/
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cuh{bok h }joqbio hoc zohefj si qhtj& Sbgh Cjtb hoc islju {iu`juq lhc oi ujq}ioqj {ljo {j hq`jc
sljn {lhs sljr {izfc ci {ljo sljr kui{ sii ifc si {iu`/ Sljr huj qbn}fr zohefj si dhslin li{
sljr {bff ai}j czubok sljbu ifc hkj/
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nbojuq bo Bocbh/
UBKLSQ ID [INJO NBOJUQ
Qjasbio 83 Absbwjoq lhtj slj ubkls si jxzhfbsr bo }ifbsbahf& qiabhf hoc jaioinba qjasiuq/
Qjasbio 8: ,8" Oi ioj aho ej cbqaubnbohsjc io slj ehqbq id ujfbkbio& uhaj& ahqsj& qj|& hoc
ebusl}fhaj/
Qjasbio 8:,1" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff nh`j q}jabhf }uitbqbioq diu {injo hoc albfcujo/
Qjasbio 84 Hff absbwjoq lhtj jxzhf i}}iuszobsr diu jn}firnjos hoc h}}ibosnjos si hor iddbaj
bo slj kitjuonjos/
Qjasbio 12 ,H" Slj kitjuonjos nzqs joqzuj jxzhf ubklsq si njo hoc {injo diu hcjxzhsj
njhoq id jn}firnjos/
Qjasbio 12 ,A" Njo hoc {injo cibok jxzbthfjos {iu` qlhff ujajbtj jxzbthfjos {hkjq/
Qjasbio 12 ,J" Absbwjoq qlizfc ois ej ain}jffjc izs id jaioinba ojjc si }judiun ho hasbtbsr
slhs bq boh}}ui}ubhsj diu sljbu hkj& qsujoksl& hoc)iu ljhfsl/
Qjasbio ,35" Slj kitjuonjos qlizfc nh`j }uitbqbioq diu joqzubok dhbu hoc lznhoj
aiocbsbioq diu ljhfsl hoc nhsjuobsr hqqbqshoaj/
Qjasbio ,3;" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff bn}uitj fbtbok qshochucq hoc }zefba ljhfsl/ Bs qlhff
jocjhtiu si eho lhundzf njcbabojq& j|aj}s sliqj }ujqaubejc er h fjkbsbnhsj
hzsliubsr/Qjasbio :8 ,H$C" Slj kitjuonjos qlhff ujczaj }uhasbajq slhs cbnbobql {injo‒q cbkobsr/
Qjasbio 8: ,H$J" Slj aioqsbszsbio bn}fiujq jtjur absbwjo si ois cbqujq}jas {injo/
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NBOJQ HAS ID 82:5
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duin j|}fibshsbio/ Sljqj huj7
Afhzqj 5= ,8" Sljuj qlhff ej qj}huhsj sibfjsq bo hcjxzhsj ozneju diu nhfj hoc djnhfj{iu`juq bo slj nbojq/ Sljr qlizfc ej aindiushefj hoc haajqqbefj si hff slj
jn}firjjq id slj nboj hs hff sbnjq/
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hoc {injo jn}firjc bo slj nbojq/
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,H" ejfi{ kuizoc
,E" heitj kuizoc ejdiuj 4 h/n/ hoc hdsju ; }/n/
Afhzqj 1= ,8" Oi }juqio qlhff {iu` diu niuj slho 3< lizuq h {jj` hoc 2 lizuq }ju chr/
Afhzqj :5 ,5" Nhsjuobsr fjhtj id s{jftj {jj`q qlhff ej }uitbcjc si slj djnhfj {iu`juq
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Has&82;2
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‥ Slj Lbocz Nboiubsr hoc Kzhucbhoqlb} Has&82:4
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‥ Slj Jn}firjjq‒ Qshsj Boqzuhoaj Has&823<
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‥ Slj Gztjobfj Gzqsbaj,Ahuj hoc ]uisjasbio id Albfcujo" Has&5===
[lbfj slj heitj shefj qshsjq slhs sljuj huj ajushbo ejojdbsq& josbsfjnjosq hthbfhefj si
{injo nbojuq& slj qzutjr aioczasjc er slbq qszcr bocbahsjq slhs sljuj bq fhukj kh} ejs{jjo
}ifbar hoc }uhasbaj/ Slj fha` id h{hujojqq hniok slj {injo nbojuq hcc si slj }uiefjn&
hq {bsl fha` id `oi{fjckj ainjq heqjoaj id cjnhocq diu slj josbsfjnjosq hoc slj ubklsq
hthbfhefj si sljn/ Nhor {injo nbojuq huj qsbff qsuzkkfbok si ujajbtj ain}joqhsbio duin
slj nboj i{ojuq diu sljbu lzqehoc‒q cjhsl duin iaaz}hsbiohf ljhfsl lhwhucq/
Ohzgb Cjtb ,1=" hoc lju albfcujo qsiic sljuj& fii`bok iosi slj cbusr& kuhtjf uihc fjhcbok si oi{ljuj/
Sljr {hbsjc s{jftj nioslq diu slj lbkl aizus si kuhos cjhsl ain}joqhsbioq0 sljr huj qsbff {hbsbok&
iofr si ej kujjsjc jhal chr er qhoc& czqs& hoc slj efi{bok {boc/
Ohzgb‒q lzqehoc }hqqjc h{hr& fjhtbok lju hoc lju albfcujo {bsl oislbok ezs cjes/ Lj {iu`jc bo slj
nbojq diu dizusjjo rjhuq& dbuqs ejainbok bff {bsl szejuazfiqbq hoc sljo cjtjfi}bok qbfbai.szejuazfiqbq/
[bslizs ljhfsl aitjuhkj& lj lhc si aiosuhas h fiho id dizusjjo slizqhoc uz}jjq diu njcbahf
j|}joqjq/ Lj ujajbtjc h kihs duin KUHTBQ diu niuj ozsubsbiohf cbjs& ezs bs aizfc ois qhtj lbn duin
crbok }ujnhszujfr/
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uz}jjq h chr/ Lju jfcjqs chzklsju ,<" sh`jq ahuj id slj rizokju albfcujo ,4 hoc 1" hs linj/ [ljo
hq`jc bd qlj {izfc fb`j si ki si qaliif& slj jfcjqs chzklsju qlii` lju ljhc hoc }ibosjc si lju
nislju ‑ qlj {hosjc si gibo lju nislju bo slj nbojq qiio& qi slhs slj dhnbfr aizfc lhtj ioj niuj
eujhc {booju/
[injo sjoc si haaj}s }iiuju {iu`bok aiocbsbioq7 fi{ju {hkjq slho njo& oi jxzb}njos iu
qhdjsr kjhu iu qhdjsr jczahsbio& oi sibfjsq iu fbtbok dhabfbsbjq {bslbo afiqj }ui|bnbsr& uhuj hoc
zo}hbc lifbchrq hoc zo}hbc }ujkohoabjq/ Idsjo slbq bq hqqiabhsjc {bsl }lrqbahf hoc qj|zhf
j|}fibshsbio er slj aiosuhasiuq& ai.{iu`juq hoc islju fiahf njo/ Nhgiu haabcjosq niqsfr
afhbn slj fbtjq id njo hq sljr huj slj iojq }ujqjos bo slj zocjukuizoc gieq/ Nboiu
haabcjosq czj si efhqsbok iu dhffq huj ainnio diu eisl {injo hoc njo/ Qbn}fj qhdjsr kjhu
qzal hq qlijq& nhq`q hoc ljfnjsq bq ois qz}}fbjc& oiu bq suhbobok bo sljbu zqj }uitbcjc/ Qoh`j
ebsjq hoc bozochsbioq aho hfqi afhbn fbtjq/
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Hoalb‒q lzqehoc @hfz Uhn qzddjuq duin fbtju jofhukjnjos hoc lhq ejjo heqjos duin slj nbojq diu
slj fhqs dizu rjhuq/ Lj fbjq bo ejc jtjurchr& zohefj si ljf} slj qsuzkkfbok dhnbfr& lbq aiocbsbio
cjsjubiuhsbok si h }ibos id oi ujszuo/ Si }hr diu @hfz‒q njcbahf sujhsnjos& Hoalb lhq boazuujc niuj
slho s{josr slizqhoc uz}jjq bo cjes0 si }hr slj cjes hoc qzqshbo chbfr j|}jocbszujq& lju slbusjjo
rjhu ifc chzklsju Kzccb hfqi {iu`q bo slj nbojq/
‖Qlizfco‒s Kzccb ki si qaliif9„ {j hq`jc Hoalb Cjtb/
‖[lhs bq slj zqj id qaliif9„ Hoalb ujsiusjc& lju jrjq cuii}bok/ ‖[bslizs diic& {j lhtj oi
qzutbthf/„
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eha`eujh`bok fheiu bo slj nbojq& qlj lhq cjtjfi}jc qjtjuj ljhfsl }uiefjnq7 hojnbh& tjusbki& hoc
fjzaiuuljh/ Bo hccbsbio si lju qba`ojqq& Hoalb hfqi lhq si joczuj aioqshos qj|zhf lhuhqqnjos duin
nboj i{ojuq hoc nboj aiosuhasiuq/ Hfslizkl bocbkohos hs slj hezqj& Hoalb aho iofr `jj} xzbjs hoc
joczuj slj }hbo& ejahzqj qlj djhuq slj aioqjxzjoajq id q}jh`bok izs ‑ iddjocbok nboj i{ojuq
njhoq fiqbok lju iofr fbtjfbliic/
‖[j huj sishffr cj}jocjos io Kic(„ Hoalb fjs izs h aur id cjq}juhsbio& ajushbo slhs ciin fhr
hljhc/
Slj Diazq Kuiz} Cbqazqqbioq {bsl niqs {injo nbojuq lhtj ujtjhfjc slhs sljr ci ois `oi{
slj qahfj id }hrnjos slhs slj kitjuonjos lhq qjs z} diu nbojuq/ Sljr ci ois jtjo `oi{
{lhs bq slj nbobnzn {hkj hnizos hoc lhtj ojtju ujajbtjc ain}joqhsbioq diu horslbok/
Duin sljbu }juq}jasbtj sljbu jn}firnjos qshszq hfioj lhq cbqhcthoshkjq7 sljr huj ois
ljhuc& huj ujkzfhufr sujhsjc ehcfr hoc ci ois lhtj slj i}}iuszobsr si qjj ejrioc {lhs slj
nhfj cinbohsjc nbojq hffi{ sljn si qjj/ Slj boaujhqbok sujoc id bodiunhfbwhbok {injoaiosubezsbio er `jj}bok sljn hs slj eissin id slj ehuujf lhq qzqshbojc slj zodhbu qrqsjn/
Hoc sljujdiuj slj {injo nbojuq lhtj h fis id cbqhcthoshkjq cjq}bsj slj dhas slhs sljbu
aiosubezsbio si slj boczqsur bq j|sujnjfr bn}iushos/
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ALH]SJU 17 KIIC ]UHASBAJQ
Cjq}bsj slj itju{ljfnbok alhffjokjq ujtiftbok huizoc slj {injo nbojuq‒ fbdj&
bosjutjosbioq huj ejbok nhcj si eubok qinj }iqbsbtj bn}hasq/ Ioj id slj dbuqs bosjutjosbioq
lhq ejjo si }uisjas slj fbtjfbliic id slj nbojuq er eubokbok “cjqbuhefj alhokjq‒ qzal hq7
kjojuhsbio id hfsjuohsbtj njhoq id fbtjfbliic& ujkjojuhsbio id fbtjfbliic qizuajq& hoc
ujlhebfbshsbio id slj cbq}fhajc }i}zfhsbio|b|
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cbq}fhajnjos id h fiahf }i}zfhsbio/ Bosjutjosbio bo slbq ahqj {izfc ej si i}}iqj slj hasbtbsr
ahzqbok slj zocjqbuhefj alhokj sluizkl qsuiok ujqjhual hoc ciaznjoshsbioq hoc er
jddjasbtj ojs{iu`bok& ahn}hbkobok hoc hctiahar/5 Bs hfqi }uitbcjq slj nbojuq slj qsujoksl
si ehukhbo diu {iu` io dhbu aiocbsbioq/
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slhs lznho ah}hebfbsr bq ioj id slj aiuj bqqzjq slhs dzfdbff slj bcjh id “cjtjfi}njos hq
dujjcin/‒ Lj dzuslju qhbc slhs jaioinbaq qlizfc ej heizs cjtjfi}bok slj ah}hebfbsbjq id
}ji}fj er boaujhqbok slj i}sbioq hthbfhefj si sljn/ Sljujdiuj& si eubok heizs suzj
jn}i{junjos id {injo& jolhoajnjos id ah}hebfbsr qjsq id {injo bq h nzqs diu qiabhf hoc
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}zefba& cjtjfi} slj }juqiohfbsr hoc fjhcjuqlb} q`bffq& jddjasbtjfr }husbab}hsj bo fiahf
kitjuobok boqsbszsbioq& ezbfc zobsr hniok sljn hoc ljf} sljn ehukhbo hoc ojkisbhsj {bsl
slj nbobok ain}hor/„||
Slj Jojukr hoc Ujqizuaj Boqsbszsj id Bocbh ,SJUB" lhq ahuubjc izs qjtjuhf qszcbjq bo slj nbojq
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slujj nhbo }bffhuq id bosjutjosbioq7 hasbtbsbjq diu h{hujojqq kjojuhsbio& aujhsbio id Qjfd Ljf}
Kuiz}q hoc hfsjuohsbtjq fbtjfbliicq& hoc ljhfsl ujfhsjc }uikuhnnjq/
Kuhnbo Tb`hq Tbkrho Qhnbsb ,KUHTBQ" lhq ejjo {iu`bok si bn}uitj slj fbtbok hoc {iu`bok
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qzal hq slj dbuqs uizoc shefj aiodjujoaj {bsl slj kitjuonjos io slbq bqqzj hoc hctiahar diu
slj ubklsq id slj nboj{iu`juq& KUHTBQ lhq ahutjc h }hsl si{hucq h ejssju dzszuj/
Bo aiffheiuhsbio {bsl nhor iukhobwhsbioq qzal hq Wbfh Kuhnbo Tb`hq Qhoqslho ,WKTQ"& Ljhfsl&
Jotbuionjos hoc Cjtjfi}njos Aioqiusbzn ,LJCAIO" hoc {bsl slj qz}}ius id slj
Bosjuohsbiohf Cjtjfi}njos J|alhokj ,BCJ\" hoc NBQJUJIU& KUHTBQ lhq aioqbqsjosfr
ujq}iocjc si slj nboj{iu`juq bqqzjq/
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Qshusbok bo slj Gicl}zu cbqsubas id Uhghqslho bo 8228& KUHTBQ qjs izs io h nbqqbio si
jn}i{ju slj }iiu hoc eha`{huc nbobok ainnzobsbjq/ [bsl nhor qzegjasjc si slj j|sujnj
afbnhasba aiocbsbioq bo slj Slhu hfiok {bsl slj lhwhucizq {iu`bok jotbuionjos bo slj
nbojq& {bsl oi qlhcj& sibfjs dhabfbsbjq& }ubnbsbtj hoc cjhcfr siifq& oi qba` josbsfjnjosq&
lifbchrq iu nhsjuohf fjhtj0 KUHTBQ lhq qizkls si ainehs sljqj bqqzjq ljhc.io/
KUHTBQ lhq ejjo {iu`bok hasbtjfr diu slj jn}i{junjos id nboj{iu`juq bo slj ujkbio diu
slj fhqs 8; rjhuq/ Qinj id slj jddiusq slhs KUHTBQ lhq zocjush`jo diu slj jn}i{junjos id
slj nbobok ainnzobsbjq huj fbqsjc ejfi{7
JN]I[JUNJOS
Jn}i{junjos joshbfq `oi{fjckj& h{hujojqq& hoc ah}habsr si ej qjfd ujfbhos si nh`j slj ubkls
alibajq/ Sljujdiuj& KUHTBQ lhq nhcj ho hssjn}s si eubok heizs h lifbqsba jn}i{junjos hniok slj
nbojuq sluizkl bobsbhsbtjq bo jczahsbio& ljhfsl ahuj& hoc er qjssbok z} h ojs{iu` id Qjfd Ljf} Kuiz}q/
H[HUJOJQQ KJOJUHSBIO
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qhobshsbio& qhdjsr jsa/ H{hujojqq hasbtbsbjq }uitbcjc slj }fhsdiun diu {iu`juq si aiotjuqj
{bsl isljuq {li huj bo h qbnbfhu qbszhsbio hoc hffi{ sljn si j|}fhbo sljbu }uiefjnq ejdiuj
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johefbok sljn si lhtj h kujhsju tibaj bo hccujqqbok sljbu }fbkls/ Zobioq {juj hfujhcr
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bo 5==:/ Slj njnejuqlb} bo sljqj zobioq bq itju <===& {bsl h}}ui|/ 51* djnhfj njnejuq/Sbnj si sbnj& suhbobok {iu`qli}q huj iukhobwjc si ezbfc sljbu ah}habsr hoc `oi{fjckj io
uifjq& ujq}ioqbebfbsbjq& fbo`hkjq hoc boaujhqbok njnejuqlb}q/ Rjhufr aiodjujoajq huj ljfc&
{bsl }husbab}hsbio uhsjq id ;:* si <=*/ J|}iqzuj tbqbsq hfqi qjoqbsbwj sljqj zobioq hoc sjff
sljn {hrq bo {lbal cbddjujos zobioq {iu` hoc qz}}ius sljbu njnejuq/ Hctiahsjq hqqbqs
sljqj zobioq io fjkhf hq}jasq/
JAIOINBA JN]I[JUNJOS
Qjfd.Ljf} Kuiz}q ,QLK" huj jqshefbqljc si hccujqq slj ojtju jocbok cjes slhs bq ezucjobok
qi nhor nboj {iu`juq bo Uhghqslho/ Slj zoujhqiohefr lbkl bosjujqs uhsjq slhs huj }fhajc
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izs fihoq duin h ujfbhefj bosju.fihobok qrqsjn nhohkjc bosjuohffr/ Dzusljuniuj& nhor QLK
lhtj sh`jo izs j|sjuohf fihoq duin eho`q iu dbohoabhf boqsbszsbioq bo iucju si bobsbhsj
hfsjuohsbtj boainj kjojuhsbok hasbtbsbjq/ Aioqjxzjosfr& qinj nboj {iu`juq lhtj
jqshefbqljc sljbu i{o ezqbojqqjq hoc }uitbcjc hfsjuohsbtj boainj/ Zfsbnhsjfr& slj qaljnj
khtj njnejuq slj aiodbcjoaj ojjcjc si jqshefbql h qjfd.cj}jocjos fbdj hoc ho htjozj izs
id slj nbojq/
[bsl dbohoabhf suhbobokq& sljqj {injo lhtj fjhuojc oj{ q`bffq qzal hq nhohkbok sljbu
lizqjlifc dbohoajq/ Slj {injo huj ainnbssjc njnejuq id slj QLK hoc dbunfr ejfbjtj slhs
slj kuiz} aho bn}uitj sljbu fbtjq/ Czubok slj uhbor qjhqio& diu j|hn}fj& {ljo sljr ahoois
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7/31/2019 Women Miners in Rajasthan: A Reflection of Their Life, Challenges and Future- GRAVIS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/women-miners-in-rajasthan-a-reflection-of-their-life-challenges-and-future- 51/51
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