Women’s History Month Charts Packet

March 2017

88%

65%

44%40%

35%

Less than $22,700 $22,700 to $43,400 $43,400 to $72,000 $72,000 to $117,000 Over $117,000

Women's Earnings Critical to Economic Security of FamiliesWomen earner's share of income in households with children and woman earner, by quintile

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Notes: Based on 2015 annual earnings; households with children and woman earner defined as those with children under 18 years old residing in household with a woman earner; quintiles are by household income

Bottom 20%

Top 20%

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Women Earn 80 Cents for Every Dollar Earned by MenMedian annual earnings of women and men working full-time, year-round, 1960 to 2015

$40,700

$51,200

$40,500

$23,900

Ratio:59%

Ratio:80%

Women

Men

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Notes: The Equal Pay Act was signed into law by President Kennedy in 1963; annual real median earnings, rounded to the nearest hundred dollars (2015 dollars)

1963

2015

84%75%

63%54%

Asian Women White Women Black Women Hispanic Women

Gender Pay Gap Hurts Women of All Races and EthnicitiesWomen's median annual earnings compared with white men's, full-time, year-round workers, 2015

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on the Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement

Notes: "White" refers to "White Alone, not Hispanic"; "Black" refers to "Black Alone or in Combination"; "Hispanic" refers to "Hispanic (any race)"; "Asian" refers to "Asian Alone or in Combination"; full-time, year-round workers include those who work 50 to 52 weeks on a full-time basis; annual real median earnings, rounded to the nearest hundred dollars (2015 dollars)

Women of all races and ethnicities earn less than white men

$48.3k$43.1k

$36.2k$31.1k

Compared to white men, Asian women earn 84¢ on the dollar; white women earn 75¢ on the dollar; black women earn 63¢ on the dollar; and Latinas earn 54¢ on the dollar

$20,800

$30,000$35,000

$39,000

$50,000

$65,000

$29,000

$40,000

$47,000$50,000

$70,000

$90,293

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

$90,000

$100,000

Less than highschool71.7%

High school75.0%

Some college74.5%

Associate's degree78.0%

Bachelor's degree71.4%

Graduate orprofessional degree

72.0%

Women's Earnings Men's Earnings

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on the Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic SupplementNote: Based on 2015 median annual earnings; data are for full-time, year round workers who work at least 35 hours a week, 50 weeks a year; data reflect highest level of education; percentages reflect women's earnings as a percent of men's earnings

Women Often Earn Less Than Men With Lower Levels of Education

32.5%

15.1%

14.0%

10.3%

26.4%

16.1%

28.7%

27.5%

25.0%

18.6%

34.9%

30.4%

11.1%

30.6%

13.7%

19.9%

5.0%

19.6%

8.7%

12.0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Hispanic or Latino

Asian

Black

White

Less than high school High school Some college or associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree

Wide Disparities Among Women in Level of Educational Attainment

Source: 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year EstimatesNote: Data are for "White alone," "Black alone," "Asian alone" and "Hispanic or Latino" group; data reflect highest level of educational attainment for women ages 25 and older

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Bachelor's Master's Doctorate

Women Earn the Majority of Advanced Degrees

In 2014, women earned 57 percent of Bachelor's degrees, 60 percent of Master's degrees and 52 percent of Doctorate degrees

Source: Digest of Education Statistics: 2014, National Center for Education Statistics Note: Data for 2015 through 2017 are projections

Share of Degrees Received by Women

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Notes: Data are seasonally adjusted; 16 years and over

Majority of Women are in the Labor ForceJanuary 1950 to January 2017

Men's Labor Force Participation Rate

Women's Labor Force Participation Rate

69.3%

86.2%

33.4%

56.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Three Out of Four Working-Age Women are in the Labor ForceLabor force participation rates by age, January 1965 to January 2017

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Note: Data are seasonally adjusted

55-Year-Old Women and Over

"Prime-Age" Women (25- to 54-Year-Olds)

74.4%

34.8%

44.9%

24.4%

16-Year-Old Women and Over

56.8%

38.7%

0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

2002 2007 2012 2016

Number of Women-Owned Firms has Grown by 74 Percent Since 2002

6.5 Million

11.3 Million

Source: State of Women-Owned Businesses, 2016, American Express OPENNote: 2016 data are estimates

Millions

7.8 Million

9.9 Million

0.0%

3.0%

6.0%

9.0%

12.0%

15.0%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Percent of Women Without Health Insurance at a Historic Low Due to the Affordable Care Act

13.2%

8.3%

Percentage of Women WithoutHealth Insurance

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on the American Community Survey (ACS) Note: Data are for all women; ACA first open enrollment began on October, 1, 2013. Coverage under Medicaid expansion and new Health Insurance Marketplace became effective on January 1, 2014

ACA 1st open enrollment from

October, 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014

7.1%

10.3%

14.6%

18.2%

9.6%

11.7%

20.8%

23.1%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

White Asian Hispanic Black

Men Women

More Than One in Five Hispanic and Black Women Live in Poverty

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on the Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic SupplementNote: Men and women ages 18 years and older. "White" and "Black" groups are non-Hispanic

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0U

nite

d Ki

ngdo

m

Denm

ark

Swed

en

Icel

and

Luxe

mbo

urg

Irela

nd

Finl

and

Nor

way

Hung

ary

Fran

ce

Belg

ium

Aust

ralia

New

Zea

land

Aust

ria

Czec

h Re

publ

ic

Germ

any

OEC

D

Slov

ak R

epub

lic

Esto

nia

Slov

enia

Isra

el

Switz

erla

nd

Chile

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Gree

ce

Japa

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Pola

nd

Port

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Cana

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Latv

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Kore

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Mex

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Uni

ted

Stat

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Turk

ey

Spending as % of GDP

United States Spends Less on Family Benefits Than Almost All OECD Countries

Source: OECD Social Expenditure DatabaseNote: Data are for 2014, or latest year available; family benefits include tax breaks for families, public spending on services for families with children and child-related cash transfers to families with children

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Workers' Access to Benefits to Balance Work and Family Has Not Improved

Paid Sick Days

Paid Family Leave

Child Care

64%

13%

10%

Source: National Compensation Survey, Bureau of Labor StatisticsNote: Data are for private-sector workers

35%

60%

41%

47%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

1977 2008

Fathers in Dual-Earner Couples

Mothers in Dual-Earner Couples

Fathers Now More Likely Than Mothers to Report Work-Family ConflictPercentage of Mothers and Fathers Reporting Work-Family Conflict for Selected Years

Source: Families and Work Institute, National Study of the Changing Workforce, 2008; Employment Standards Administration, Quality of Employment Survey, 1977, as analyzed in Galinsky, Aumann, and Bond (2011)Note: Includes dual-earner couples with children working at least 20 hours a week

$695.6

$298.1

$152.2 $130.9

$1,009.6

$297.1 $299.9$226.2

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

All sources Social Security Earnings Pensions

Women Men

Source: JEC Democratic Staff calculations based on the Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic SupplementNote: Pensions include defined benefit plans and other sources of retirement income other than Social Security

Billions

Aggregate income received by men and women 65 years and older from selected sources, 2015

Women in Retirement Collectively Receive $314 Billion Less in Income than Men