Women’s Voices in Management

Women’s Voices in Management Identifying Innovative and Responsible Solutions

Edited by

Helena Desivilya Syna Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel

and

Carmen-Eugenia Costea Spiru Haret University Bucharest, Romania

Introduction, selection and editorial matter © Helena Desivilya Syna and Carmen-Eugenia Costea 2015 Remaining chapters © Contributors 2015 Foreword © Corina Creţu 2015

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Syna, Helena Desivilya, 1955– Women’s voices in management : identifying innovative and responsible

solutions / Helena Desivilya Syna, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel, Carmen Costea, Spiru Haret University Bucharest, Romania.

pages cm Includes bibliographical references. 1. Women executives. 2. Leadership. I. Costea, Carmen. II. Title.

HD6054.3.S96 2015658.0082—dc23 2015015180

ISBN 978-1-349-58111-5 ISBN 978-1-137-43215-5 (eBook)DOI 10.1057/9781137432155

v

Contents

List of Figures viii

List of Tables ix

Foreword xi Corina Creţu

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Editors xvi

Notes on Contributors xvii

Introduction

1 Gender Effects in Top Management 3 Helena Desivilya Syna and Carmen-Eugenia Costea

Part I Women’s Voices in Academia

2 Academic Leadership in the Nordic Countries: Patterns of Gender Equality 15

Rómulo Pinheiro, Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen and Elias Pekkola

3 Gender Policies in Spanish Universities: From Regulation to Equality Plans 34

Inma Pastor, Paloma Pontón, Ángel Belzunegui and Ana Acosta

4 Hastening Evolution 52 Aliza Shenhar

5 In a Different Voice? The Stories of Women Heads of Departments 65

Dalit Yassour-Borochowitz , Helena Desivilya Syna and Michal Palgi

Part II Women’s Positions and Roles in Work Life

6 Mind the Gap! – How Innovation Can Reduce Gender Salary Variations 85

Larisa Mihoreanu, Andrei Angheluta, Aurelian A. Bondrea and Carmen-Eugenia Costea

vi Contents

7 How Mentoring Can Impact Women’s Use of Voice 105 Lisa Whitehead and Joyce Falkenberg

8 Are Senior Women Management Consultants Team Players? 124 Ivana Adamson

Part III Women’s Voices in Joint Ventures: Entrepreneurship in Business and

in Social Arenas

9 Women as Owners and Senior Managers of Enterprises in Postcommunist Poland 143

Renata Siemienska

10 Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling? The United Arab Emirates Case 162

Ivana Adamson

11 The Role of Women in the Creation of Innovative Tech Start-ups 177

Alessia Pisoni and Simona Bielli

12 Where Are the Female Entrepreneurs in Spain? The Participation of Women in the Spanish University Spin-offs 197

Inmaculada Pastor, Ana Acosta, Ángel Belzunegui and Paloma Pontón

13 Women Entrepreneurs in the Rural Periphery of Israel: Comparing Israeli Palestinians and Israeli Jews 216

Sibylle Heilbrunn and Michal Palgi

14 The Power of Women Business Angels: Breaking the Double Glass Ceiling That Limits Women’s Entrepreneurial Dreams 236 Carme Moreno Gavara and Ana Isabel Jiménez Zarco

15 Father–Daughter Intergenerational Transition in a Small Family Business: A Temporal Perspective 254

Olimpia Meglio

16 Conceptual Review of the Role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Women Entrepreneurship: The Case of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad (SMGULP) 272

Niki Kyriakidou, Anita P. Bobade and Stefanos Nachmias

Contents vii

17 Managing Multicultural Collaborations in a Reality of Power Differences 290

Tammy Rubel-Lifschitz and Dina Kazhdan

Index 309

viii

List of Figures

2.1 Gender representation in Nordic academia versus EU-27, in 2010 19

2.2 Completed doctoral degrees by gender and discipline in the Nordic countries in 2010 and the percentage of women at grade A (professor level) in 2010 19

3.1 Proportion of women and men in research careers in Spanish public universities (academic year 2011–2012) 42

6.1 The triple helix model with government, universities, and industry interrelations 89

6.2 The quadruple helix innovation system 90 6.3 MyTeam tool capabilities 100 6.4 MyTeam development progress menu 101 12.1 Evolution of the TEA index by gender in Spain during

2004–2013 200

ix

List of Tables

2.1 Female representation in university senior management (summer, 2014) 20

3.1 Distribution of students enrolled in university specializations by sex and field of study 40

7.1 Prevalence of targets of voice 110 7.2 Prevalence of tactics of voice 112 8.1 Distribution of critical events along the Debate-

Discussion-Dialogue continuum 132 8.2 Mean scores, F-ration, and p values for consultants

undertaking technical and HR/OD projects 133 9.1 Determinants of women’s presence in managerial

positions according to managers (percentage of respondents who choose “definitely do not agree” and “do not agree” answers) 153

9.2 Characteristics valued in employees by managers of small- and medium-sized companies 154

9.3 Characteristics valued in employees by managers of large companies 154

10.1 Demographic profile of the participants 167 10.2 Summary of the focus groups’ discussions 168 10.3 Glass ceiling in UAE organizations 169 10.4 UAE women in organizations 170 10.5 Women in senior positions in organizations 171 10.6 Glass ceiling: possible roots 171 11.1 Demographic background of female CEOs as compared

with the overall sample 183 11.2 Industry of the sample of start-ups led by female

CEOs – comparison with the overall sample 184 11.3 Where do the cofounders meet? 185 11.4 Different managerial roles played by women in

start-ups 186 11.5 Reasons behind CEO appointment 186 11.6 Source of the business idea 186 11.7 Motivational drivers to pursue a start-up (considered

as very important or decisive) 187 11.8 Other people’s support in founding the company 188

x List of Tables

11.9 Main source of funding: differences between start-ups founded by mixed-sex teams, teams of only women, and teams of only men 189

11.10 Amount of capital raised (USD): differences between start-ups founded by mixed-sex teams, teams of only women, and teams of only men 191

12.1 Research tools and research participants 204 12.2 Presence of women in the spin-off according to the

type of activity 207 12.3 Percentage of corporations with diverse typology of

women 207 13.1 A summary of types of support women entrepreneurs

receive 229 13.2 A summary of types of constraints women

entrepreneurs experience 231 15.1 Empirical data 262 16.1 Statistics about employment generation in India from

2000 to 2011 274 16.2 Job creation in India – need for entrepreneurs in India 275

xi

Foreword

I have always been a strong supporter of women’s leadership, and there-fore eager to read and promote inspiring books for women. I strongly believe that we have to do whatever it takes to ensure that women will no longer see their dreams shattered by discrimination, violence, lack of access to education, and ultimately a lack of possibility to choose their future. We have to go beyond that. While the times and misconceptions in this regard are changing and more women are being elevated into leadership roles, there is still much work to do.

It was a pleasure for me to read this book, Women’s Voices in Management: Identifying Innovative and Responsible Solutions, as it reflects the great steps we have taken so far toward gender equality and women’s rights.

As European Commissioner for Regional Policy, I am more than aware that a position like that would have been unthinkable for my mother or my grandmother, and therefore I will continue to be a tough supporter of women’s rights and empowerment.

Equal treatment of men and women has been a fundamental tenet of the European Union (EU) since its inception, and the principle of gender equality is central to all its activities.

Extricating women’s contributions to innovative and creative ways of engaging gender issues, the book explores their voices in the process, suggesting that they are still underrepresented and not fully partici-pating in all key decision-making roles.

Scientific research shows that female representation in top manage-ment brings informational and social diversity benefits to the top management team, enriches the behaviors exhibited by managers throughout the firm, and motivates women in middle management.

As the president of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Junker, who defended gender balance in the new College of Commissioners, stated on several occasions, I totally agree that a Commission without a significant number of women would have been neither legitimate nor credible.

To improve the gender balance in politics, governments and political parties have to establish appropriate enabling environments and demon-strate a real commitment to achieving this aim. It is up to us to raise awareness about the need for more equality of men and women in lead-ership and management posts. In this context, political parties can take,

xii Foreword

inter alia, voluntary steps to ensure that women are fairly represented among the candidates they put forward, while governments can, where appropriate, take legislative action to guarantee the necessary prerequi-sites are in place not only to encourage gender balance but also to ensure that they are appreciated for the unique abilities they bring to the work-place. Women are also underrepresented in the leadership positions of major financial institutions and legal bodies. Nevertheless, the level of female representation is better at the European level, with women accounting for 36 percent of members of the European Parliament and 33 percent of the European Commission.

The European Commission is continuously taking action to ensure the right balance throughout the administration as part of a comprehensive strategy for equal opportunities between men and women covering the future period until 2020. Cooperation with the various institutions and stakeholders active in the field of gender equality – the governments of EU countries, the European Parliament, social partner organizations, civil society, equality bodies, international organizations, EU agencies – is also crucial in ensuring progress in this field.

The book, Women’s Voices in Management: Identifying Innovative and Responsible Solutions , offers a significant contribution to scientific knowl-edge and forms a solid foundation for policy making and evidence-based action promoting gender equality in top management and strategic decision-making.

I am sure that its international flavor will foster tailor-made solutions in different socioeconomic and political contexts.

I strongly believe in women’s capabilities to be significant as leaders who see the world through lenses of opportunity and who do not stop pursuing their goals until their job is done.

Corina Creţu European Commissioner for Regional Policy

xiii

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1

We would like to thank Corina Creţu for writing the Foreword, Palgrave Macmillan for their support and effort, and Ms. Michal Raz for her inval-uable technical assistance. We also wish to thank all the authors who contributed to this book.

We dedicate this book to all those who strive to promote women’s voices and foster gender mainstreaming and equality in contemporary societies.

Chapter 2

We would like to thank our interviewees for both their time and the information provided.

Prior consent to use the data for the research project has been given by all interviewees and all sources have been anonymized

Chapter 5

The authors wish to thank the participants in the study for giving their consent and time for the interviews. Their frankness and knowledge were very insightful and inspired the perspective adopted here. Their names are fictitious to protect their anonymity.

Chapter 7

The first author (Lisa Whitehead) received written consent from all 20 respondents to code and analyze the interview transcripts for use in her PhD project. During this process, all 20 respondents also signed a written confidentiality agreement, in which all company and personal data was agreed to be anonymized. In the case of additional publications such as articles and book chapters, it was agreed to anonymize as well as generalize the findings, and also provide copies of the article/book chapter when finalized for publishing. All data has been anonymized, generalized, and presented at a group level – separating the group of mentors from the group of protégés. As part of our commitment to the

xiv Acknowledgments

respondents, a copy of the book chapter will now be sent to each of the 20 respondents.

Chapter 8

The author wishes to thank the participants in the study for their time and willingness to be interviewed and probed about their role as team leaders and their preferred problem-solving styles. Their participation provided valuable insight into, and more in-depth understanding of, the management consultant’s role in today’s organizations. No names were used, in order to protect their anonymity.

Chapter 10

The author wishes to thank the participants in the study for their enthusiastic focus group discussions, and for subsequently becoming researchers themselves by administering a survey within their commu-nity. The combined results provided valuable insight into, and better understanding of, the participants’ professional aspirations and oppor-tunities. No names were used, in order to protect their anonymity.

Chapter 13

Data for the chapter were collected by the authors in 2012. The authors told interview and focus group participants that the aim of the research was to publish an academic study and that their names would not be mentioned.

We hereby acknowledge that participants in our fieldwork were informed about the aim of the research, and gave their consent to publish the findings. All interviewees have been anonymized by the authors.

Chapter 15

The author wishes to thank participants in the study for giving access to the company and consent for interviews. Informal talks and formal interviews were very insightful and inspired the perspective adopted here. The participants’ names are fictitious to protect their anonymity.

Chapter 16

Consent has been given for the case study, and participant names have been anonymized.

Acknowledgments xv

Chapter 17

The authors wish to thank participants in the study for taking part in the interviews. Informal talks and formal interviews inspired the perspec-tive adopted here, and provide the base for this study. The names of the informants are fictitious to protect their anonymity. The interviews in this chapter were also part of an article published in Organizational Analysis (2012) vol. 16, pp. 45–67.

This research was supported by Shatil, the New Israel Fund’s empow-erment and training center for social change organizations; by a grant from the Hoffman leadership and responsibility program at the Hebrew University; and by a grant to the first author from the Recanati Fund of the School of Business Administration at the Hebrew University. We thank Lilach Sagiv, Linda Jakob, Michael Sternberg, Inda Kriskonov, Tamar Gros, Israel Katz, Carlos Sztyglic, Shira Ben Sasson Furstenburg, Ronit Heyd, Naomi Schacter, and Yael Ben-David for their useful comments on earlier drafts of this paper.

xvi

About the Editors

Helena Desivilya Syna is Associate Professor of Social and Organi-zational Psychology and holds a PhD in psychology from SUNY at Buffalo, United States. She is the chair of the MA studies department in Organizational Development and Consulting at the Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel. She conducts research on social conflict; organi-zational behavior; interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup relations; and diversity management (gender, national minorities, people with special needs) in organizations. She has published articles in interna-tional peer-reviewed journals and book chapters on these topics, and edited a book entitled A Paradox in Partnerships: The Role of Conflict in Partnership Building. She is a member of editorial boards of the following peer-reviewed journals: Conflict Resolution Quarterly, International Journal of Conflict Management, Negotiation and Conflict Management Research and Global Management Journal.

Carmen-Eugenia Costea is a professor at Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, a PhD supervisor in Business Administration, the chair of the Entrepreneurial Education Commission/National Consultative Council of Danube Region; Founder President of the Alternative Sciences Associ-ation; associate researcher at the Romanian Academy, and (co)author of over 300 publications. Recent awards include ASE Excellence in research for outstanding results in scientific research and publication and CNCS Award for “An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach to Market Compe-tition and Cooperation.”

xvii

Notes on Contributors

Ana Acosta is predoctoral fellow at the Rovira i Virgili University (URV), where she is researching for her PhD thesis on “Equality Policies in Spanish Universities: A Study from Network Analysis.” She holds a Master’s in political, institutional, and corporate communication in environments of crisis and risk (URV 2012). She has contributed to some book chapters, journal articles, and events. She has participated in projects, events, and publications on communication and health. Her main research interests are communication, equality, and gender equality policies.

Ivana Adamson holds a PhD in Organizational Behavior. She worked as an associate professor and a management consultant at universities in the United Kingdom, the Middle East, China, and Russia. Her key research interests are the effectiveness of management consultants in cross-cultural business environments, and research and innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises. She is supervising PhD and DBA research degrees at the University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom.

Andrei Angheluta is a member of Alternative Sciences Association and is Customer Service Manager at HAVI Logistics, Romania. He holds a PhD from the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest (majoring in Business Administration), and his work experience was built around multinational environments since he has worked starting in 2005 for Huawei (China), HP (United States), DHL (United Kingdom), and HAVI (Germany). Angheluta’s full resume with experience, awards and publications is accessible at https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=42471734&trk=nav_responsive_tab_profile

Ángel Belzunegui is tenured Professor of Sociology in the Department of Business Management at the Rovira i Virgili University (URV). He holds a PhD in Sociology and a postgrade degree in Demography from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He is Director of the Social Inclusion Chair of the URV. As research coordinator, he has devel-oped leading competences on team management in both managing a research group of URV (SBRlab, with 20 members) and coordinating projects. His research areas are structure, social change, and sociology of organizations.

xviii Notes on Contributors

Simona Bielli is a research fellow in the Department of Economics, University of Insubria (Varese-IT). Since 2010, she has been collabo-rating with the research unit of the CrESIT Research Centre with a focus on entrepreneurial profiles and start-up ecosystems. As former Head of Global Operations at Mind the Bridge Foundation, Simona acquired hands-on experience in the field by managing multiple projects and activities aimed at fostering the creation and development of start-ups both in Europe and the United States.

Anita P. Bobade holds a PhD from Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom, and an MBA (rank holder) from Shivaji University, India. She is an associate professor at the University of Mumbai and has 15 years of academic experience and 12 years of corporate experience. Her research interests include strategic human resources management (HRM), cross-cultural studies, the Indian ethos in management, and business ethics. She has authored ten books at the national level, and four at the interna-tional level, and has 12 national research papers to her credit.

Aurelian A. Bondrea is Professor of Marketing and rector of Spiru Haret University, general director of the academic television network TvH. He is an expert evaluator in the field of quality assurance in higher educa-tion. He is also coordinating several research projects in the field of education, the labor market, and consulting. He (co)authored several books and scientific papers in international publications and is member of several editorial boards of international journals recognized in IDB and of different scientific committees for international conferences. Eurolink House of Europe has designated him as a Special Ambassador of Romania for the Danube Strategy.

Joyce Falkenberg is a professor in the School of Business and Law, University of Agder in Kristiansand, Norway. She holds a PhD from the University of Oregon, United States. Her research interests have focused on strategic change and adaptation, and more recently on looking at issues of strategic change in the context of ethics and emerging markets.

Lars Geschwind is Associate Professor of Engineering Education at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, with a special focus on policy, governance, and leadership issues. His latest work includes publications on academic work, leadership and management, doctoral education, and major organizational restructuring in higher educa-tion. He is involved in a number of research projects on universities

Notes on Contributors xix

and change in the Nordic countries. Lars holds a PhD in History from Uppsala University.

Hanne Foss Hansen is Professor of Public Administration and Organization in the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen and Professor II in the Department of Political Science and Management, University of Agder. She holds a PhD from Copenhagen Business School. She has written books and articles on public sector reforms, reforms in higher education, research policy, regulation, quality assurance, evaluation, and evidence-based practice.

Sibylle Heilbrunn is Dean of Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Kinneret Academic College. She holds a PhD in Organizational Sociology from Haifa University, Israel. Her main research interests lie in three major areas: (1) entrepreneurship of minorities, migrants, and communities; (2) entrepreneurship education; (3) organizational studies. She was a visiting professor at Bremen University, and holds a research fellowship at the Institute for Research of the Kibbutz and the Cooperative Idea at the University of Haifa.

Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco is Associate Principal Lecturer in Innovation and Marketing Area, Open University of Catalunya and part-time professor in the Department of Marketing at ICADE, Pontificia of Comillas University. She holds a PhD in Economics and Business Sciences from UCLM, and a postdegree in Building Models in Ecology and Natural Resources Management from Polytechnic University of Catalonia. She is a research fellow at East Anglia University and Brighton University, United Kingdom. She has been programme director of the Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration at UOC.

Dina Kazhdan (MSW) is an organizational consultant in Shatil who has worked for years with Russian-speaking immigrant organizations. In addition to this work, she has been employed as a clinical social worker with Russian-speaking immigrants in various contexts, including in a mental health care clinic, an end-of-life care organization, and in her own private practice.

Niki Kyriakidou holds doctoral and Master’s degrees in HRM, and a Bachelor’s in Political Science and Public Administration. Her works are in the area of leadership and management; learning theories and practice; workplace learning; cross-cultural human resource develop-ment; graduate employment; and managing human resources in the Middle East and the Mediterranean regions. She has also contributed

xx Notes on Contributors

to numerous book reviews in professional and academic journals, and acts as reviewer and referee for a number of publishers and academic journals.

Olimpia Meglio is Associate Professor of Management at the University of Sannio. She holds a PhD in Business Administration from the University of Naples “Federico II,” where she has also been a research fellow. She has been a visiting scholar at ESADE and at the Copenhagen Business School. Her research interests revolve around strategic and organizational issues such as postacquisition integration, ambidexterity, and intergenerational transition in small family business.

Larisa Mihoreanu has biomedical expertise in the pharmaceutical industry and works on providing innovative medicine to transform the life of patients. Her second specialization is in marketing and interna-tional business. She is also a PhD student in Business Administration at ASE Bucharest. In 2009, Larisa received the CRS Jorge Heller Journal of Controlled Release Outstanding Paper Award, cosponsored by Elsevier. She founded Guy Researchers’ Society at King’s College London, and chaired the Young Researchers Group within the European Society of Complex Systems.

Carme Moreno Gavara is a senior marketing manager professional in research and e-commerce marketing. She has an MBA in Business Management in the Knowledge Society. She also holds an Executive MBA in Fashion Retail Management from the University of Barcelona. In 2012, she completed her studies in luxury brand management at the London College of Fashion. In 2013, she completed a qualification in public relations, digital marketing, and social media for fashion business at the London College of Fashion.

Stefanos Nachmias is Senior Lecturer in HRM at Nottingham Trent University. His research interests include students/graduates employabil-ity-related issues and advanced understanding of the general discourse in employability, as well as how graduates respond to labor market trends and the role of small- and medium-sized enterprises as a change-agent in graduate employability. He is also interested in the exploration of the business case of diversity management, including research on gender equality and diversity education.

Michal Palgi is an associate professor and organizational sociologist and is the Head of the Institute for Research of the Kibbutz and the Cooperative Idea at the University of Haifa. She was the president of

Notes on Contributors xxi

the International Sociological Association Research Committee on Participation, Organizational Democracy and Self-Management. Her areas of research and activity are organizational democracy; organiza-tional change; gender-based inequality; social justice; kibbutz society; and community development. She has published numerous articles and books in these areas.

Inma Pastor is Lecturer in Sociology at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), director of the Gender Equality Observatory, and has been the rector’s delegate for issues of effective equality between men and women since 2007. She holds a PhD in Sociology from Autonomous University of Barcelona. Her main research fields are the sociology of work, the sociology of gender, and the sociology of education. She has authored or coauthored several books and journal articles on sociology.

Elias Pekkola is a university instructor in Administrative Science in the School of Management, University of Tampere, Finland. Pekkola special-izes in public policy with a focus on higher education governance and personnel policy. His recent work includes publications on academic work and employment, leadership, human resource management, and the role of higher education in development policies. He is involved in research projects on universities and public administration. Elias holds a PhD in Administrative Science from Tampere University.

Rómulo Pinheiro is Associate Professor of Public Policy and Administration at the University of Agder, Norway. He is also a senior researcher (part-time) at Agderforskning’s Innovation Group, a visiting professor (higher education) at the University of Tampere, Finland, asso-ciate member of the Higher Education – Institutional Dynamics and Knowledge Cultures (HEIK) research group based at the University of Oslo, and a long-time collaborator of HEDDA – a European consortium of research centers in the field of higher education studies.

Alessia Pisoni is Assistant Professor of Innovation Management in the Department of Economics, University of Insubria of Varese. She holds a PhD in Economics of Production and Development, and coordinates the research unit of CrESIT Research Centre. Her research interests are in the area of entrepreneurship and innovation, with a specific focus on start-up ecosystems. She is the author of several contributions in the fields of international business, international entrepreneurship, and corporate governance.

xxii Notes on Contributors

Paloma Pontón holds a PhD in Sociology (PhD program in Economics and Management from Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona), a Bachelor’s in Journalism (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007), and a Master’s in Urban Anthropology (Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010). Her PhD thesis received a score of cum laude. She has worked since 2007 at different Catalan universities. She is supporting the project “Equality Training Network: EU Contributions.”

Tammy Rubel-Lifschitz is a PhD candidate in the Jerusalem School of Business Administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is a social psychologist (MA) and an organizational consultant. She teaches MBA internship courses in management and organizational behavior. Her studies explore the complex relationships between power, culture, gender, and collaboration. Her work has been published in leading academic journals, such as Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and Organizational Analysis.

Aliza Shenhar received a PhD in Hebrew Literature from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1975. At Haifa University, she headed the Folklore Department from 1975 to 1980, and headed the Hebrew and Comparative Literature Department from 1980 to 1983; Shenhar founded Haifa University’s Multidisciplinary Studies Department and served as its head from 1988 to 1991. In 1991, she was appointed Haifa University Provost, the first woman in Israeli academia to attain this position, where she served until 1994. In 1994, she was appointed Israel’s ambassador to the Russian Federation and served in this role for four years. Upon her return to Israel in 1998, she became president of the Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, and remained in this role until 2012. Since 2012, she has been the provost of the Max Stern Yezreel Valley College.

Renata Siemienska is Full Professor, Head of the Center of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies at the R.B. Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, and Chairholder of the UNESCO Chair “Women, Society and Development,” University of Warsaw, and Head of the Chair of Sociology of Social Change at M. Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education in Warsaw, Poland. Her works are on social inno-vations, gendering economic and political elites, gender equality in universities, changing values systems. siemiens@post.pl

Lisa Whitehead is a researcher in the Department of Innovation at Agder Research Institute. Her research interests are “diversity management,” identity, and organizational change processes. Lisa has been pursuing a PhD in International Management since 2010, and is affiliated with the

Notes on Contributors xxiii

School of Business and Law in Kristiansand at the University of Agder (UiA). Lisa has also lectured at the Bachelor’s level at UiA. Lisa is origi-nally from the United Kingdom and has a management background.

Dalit Yassour-Borochowitz is an associate professor in the Human Services Department at Emek Yezreel College, Israel. A social worker by profession and a feminist researcher, she teaches and studies issues of gender, violence against women, and human services ethics. She has published several articles in different Israeli and international journals and a book titled Intimate Violence – The Emotional World of Batterers. dality@yvc.ac.il.