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Wood Coatings 101
Coatings 101 - Overview
• Understanding Valspar and the Valspar Wood Division
• Basic Composition of Wood Coatings
• Types of Professional Wood Coatings
• Appropriate use of Finishes
• Stains and Sealers
• Troubleshooting/Tips
• Selecting the Correct Finish
Who is Valspar?
• Founded in 1806, headquartered in Minneapolis
• Worlds 6th largest paint company
• Partners with the world’s leading brands
• 80 worldwide locations
• 10,000 + employees
• Corporate sales $3.6 billion in 2010
• Listed on NYSE (VAL)
• Service the Industrial, Architectural, Wood, and
Packaging segments
Valspar Wood – Our Mission
To enhance and protect our customer’s brand to help them
succeed, for when it matters most by:
•Providing superior products and dependable results
•Partnering with our customer from start to finish
•Developing the most innovative solutions
•Providing market-leading color and style expertise
Valspar Wood - A Few of Our Customers…
Solvent BasedWoodCoatings
Definition of Lacquer
A broad generic term referring to blend of
solvents and synthetic resins, which when
applied to a substrate form a solid film that
enhances the beauty, changes the color or
appearance, and provides durability.
Wood Coating Families
• Nitrocellulose Lacquer
• Pre-Catalyzed Lacquer
• Post-Catalyzed Lacquer
• Conversion Varnish
• Water-based Finishes
• Two Component Urethane*
• Polyester*
• UV Curable*
*Outside the scope of Coatings 101
Typical Composition of Coatings
• Resins/Binders – The primary film producing agent
• Modifying Resins – Enhance performance,
durability, flexibility, etc
• Solvents – Carrier for the resin system
• Pigments – Color particles that might be dispersed
in the finish
• Additives – Components to improve flow,
sandability, alter sheen, improve mar resistance,
provide anti-yellowing, or any number of other
variables.
How Do Coatings Dry?
Evaporative finishes
• Solvent evaporates, leaving resins that pack together to form film
• Film will re-dissolve if solvent is reintroduced
• One coat will “burn in” to another coat
• Examples: NC Lacquer
Reactive finishes
• Solvent evaporates and chemical cross-linking occurs
• Finishes adhere by mechanical adhesion (sanding)
• Examples: Pre-Catalyzed Lacquers, Conversion Varnishes
Nitrocellulose Lacquer
• Nitrocellulose resin
• Dries by solvent evaporation
• Dissolves previous coat
• Fast dry
• Easy touch-up
• Polishes easily to a high gloss
• Yellows easily
• Lower in solids
• Limited impact or abrasion resistance
• Commonly furniture finish
• Not recommended for cabinetry where
moisture is an issue
Luster Lac Professional
• Basic chemistry-28% solids nitrocellulose/maleic
• Amber lacquer - slightly yellow in the can. No UV screen agent added.
• Ideal for interior wood fixtures such as molding, door frames & millwork
• Typically used by painting contractors where low cost finish is desired
• For areas where moisture/chemical/scratch/UV resistance not required. Not Intended for kitchen or bath
• Should not be used over light colored stains/finishes because of natural amber color
• Available in white, clear & black
Luster Lac Premium
• BasicChemistry-25% solids Nitrocellulose/Alkyd
• “Water White” lacquer - water clear in the can. UV screen agent added to aid in slowing the yellowing of the coating
• Furniture grade lacquer. More durable than Luster Lac Professional
• Not intended for kitchen or bath cabinets
• Should not be used over light colored stains/finishes where yellowing will be an issue
• Available in clear and white
Pre-Catalyzed Lacquer
• Cross linking resin (typically urea)
• Alkyd, nitrocellulose, plasticizer
• Solvent evaporation & chemical
reaction
• Catalyst added at point of
manufacture
• Shelf life considerations (6 – 12
months)
• Attains full chemical resistance
properties in 1-2 weeks
• Improved scratch, mar, abrasion, and
moisture resistance
•Common finish used by custom
furniture and kitchen cabinets makers
Valtec Pre-Catalyzed Lacquer
• 27% solids self-sealing pre-catalyzed lacquer
• Recommended for most interior wood finishing applications including kitchen and bathroom cabinets
• Passes all KCMA durability testing
• Contains UV absorbers, resists yellowing
• Easy touch-up
• Available in clear
• Widely used coating for many applications
Post-Catalyzed Lacquer
• Combine properties of pre-cats and
conversion varnish
• Less NC more alkyd / urea
• Catalyst added by Distributor or end user
• Pot life of 6 months once catalyzed
• Coating cures by solvent release, then by
chemical reaction
• Cross-linking contributes to harder, more
durable coating
• Typically higher solids than Pre-Cat
Valtec Ultra Conversion Lacquer
• 30% solids self-sealing catalyzed lacquer
• Approaches the durability of a conversion varnish in a “pre-catalyzed” form
• Catalyzed at the Distributor-6 month shelf life once catalyzed
• For any application where higher performance properties are required (i.e. chemical & abrasion resistance), but customer does not want to add catalyst
• Contains UV absorbers, resists yellowing
• Available in clear and white
Conversion Varnish
• Urea, alkyd, melamine & plasticizer
• Contains no nitrocellulose
• More durable than lacquers
• Requires catalyzation
• Pot-life considerations
• Requires more skilled application
• Ideal for cabinetry and commercial
millwork
•Higher Solids/Higher Film Build
Valguard Conversion Varnish
• 41% solids clear, 63% solids white conversion varnishes
• Premium coating for interior fine woodworking
• For surfaces where superior chemical/abrasion resistance is required
• Passes all KCMA durability testing
• Best product for kitchen and bathroom cabinetry
• High solids white provides excellent finish for MDF (especially cabinet doors)
• Resists yellowing
• Available in clear & white
Summary of Common Finishes
Conventional
Lacquer
Pre-Catalyzed
Lacquer
Post-Catalyzed
Lacquer
Conversion
Varnish
Valspar
Product
Luster Lac
Professional, Luster
Lac Premium
Valpro Precat,
Valtec Precatalyzed
Lacquer
Valtec Ultra Conversion
Lacquer
Valpro Conversion
Varnish, Valguard
Conversion Varnish
Target
Customer
Painting contractors,
furniture makers,
refinishers
Small to medium size
furniture shops
Small to medium size
high-end industrial
shops
Small to larger size
high-end industrial shops
Typical
Application
Interior molding and
door packages,
furniture.
Kitchen Cabinets,
Furniture, Architectural
Millwork
Kitchen Cabinets,
Furniture, Architectural
Millwork
Kitchen Cabinets,
Furniture, Architectural
Millwork
Typical
Solid
Content
20 - 28% by weight 24 - 28% by weight 30 % by weight 36 - 40% by weight
Durability Fair durability. Will not
Pass KCMA
Good durability,
Typically passes
KCMA testing
Very good durability.
Coating performance
approaches that of a
conversion varnish.
Superior durability with
excellent moisture,
abrasion, and chemical
resistance
Valspar/Competitor Cross Reference
Conventional
Lacquer
Pre-Catalyzed
Lacquer
Post-Catalyzed
Lacquer
Conversion
Varnish
Valspar Luster Lac
Professional, Luster
Lac Premium
Valpro Precat,
Valtec Precatalyzed
Lacquer
Valtec Ultra
Conversion Lacquer
Valpro Conversion
Varnish, Valguard
Conversion Varnish
Chemcraft Chemlak ES Lacquer,
Opticlear
Danspeed E-Var, Plastofix
Gemini Coatings High Build, High
Solids, CL series
PC- 00XX Series,
S59xx Series
UL-Series CV-Series
PCV-Series
M.L.Campbell’s High Build,
Royalac
Magnalac Magnamax
Water White HP
Lacquer
Krystal,
Klear Var
Sherwin Williams Sherwood High
Build, Sherwood
Finish Lacquer
Sherwood Precat, T77 High Solids Water
White Precat
V84F60 Series
Conversion Varnish,
V84F80 Series WW
Conversion Varnish
Water BasedWoodCoatings
• Latex emulsion, acrylic hardener,
plasticizer
• Coalescing solvents & water
• Emulsified resins create “milky”
appearance in can
• More durable than conventional NC
lacquers
• More susceptible to environment
during application/cure
• Available as conventional/non-catalyzed,
pre-catalyzed, or post-catalyzed
Water Borne Finish
Water versus Solvent Based FinishesConventional Wisdom
Pros
• More environmentally friendly - lower
VOC and HAPS
• Isocyanate and formaldehyde free
• Reduce hazardous material disposal
• Greatly reduced fire risk – reduced
insurance cost
• Typically offer good scratch resistance
• Tend to be higher in Volume Solids –
good film build, higher coverage per
gallon
• Resists Yellowing
• Lower odor
Cons
• Usually slower drying times
• More grain raise
• Coating may have a cloudy
appearance
• More affected by environmental
conditions – Humidity, Temperature
• Equipment considerations – Works
better with conventional or HVLP than
air-assisted airless
• Prices may run 10% to 20% higher
Zenith Waterborne Finishing System
• Latest generation of waterborne
technology
• Lacquer, Pre-catalyzed lacquer
and Conversion Varnish
• Coating performance that equals
or surpasses equivalent solvent
based coatings
• Exceptional clarity and leveling
properties
• Passes stringent Greenguard
certification for Indoor Air Quality
• Full “system”. Stains, glazes, solid
color paints and clear topcoats
Summary of Zenith Waterborne Finishes
Zenith
Waterborne
Lacquer
Zenith
Pre-Catalyzed
Lacquer
Zenith
Conversion
Varnish
Target
Customer
Finishing and painting
contractors, furniture
makers, refinishers
Finishing and painting
contractors, furniture
makers, refinishers,
cabinet/millwork shops
Small to larger size
high-end industrial shops
Typical
Application
Interior molding and
door packages,
household furniture,
children’s furniture
Kitchen cabinets, fine
furniture, architectural
millwork
Kitchen cabinets,
architectural millwork,
restaurant/institutional
furniture
Solid Content 30% by weight 35% by weight 38% by weight
Durability Good durability, but not
intended for use in high
moisture/high wear
areas
Excellent durability,
exceeds KCMA standards
Superior durability with
excellent moisture,
abrasion, and chemical
resistance; exceeds KCMA