Word Graphs in Architectural Design

B. de Vries

Joran Jessurun, Nicole Segers, Henri Achten

Architectural Design DraftSketch of Le Corbusier

Research

Related research:

• Intelligent drawing objects

• Sketch recognition

Our approach: Annotations

Design Entities

• Sketch

• Words

• Image

• Marks

Lexical Associations

• Semantic: theoretical, common understanding

• Episodic: not theoretical, individual perception

(After Silbermann)

Word Graphs

Lexicon WordNet

Visualize DOT

User SemanticAssociations

Words

Images ofWord graphs

Uses

Uses

Direct RelationsNoun  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Hyponym Subordinate – … is a kind of

Hypernym Superordinate – is a kind of …

Meronym Is a part of

Holonym Is a whole of

Verb  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Troponym Particular ways to do this

Hypernym Superordinate – is one way to…

Entailment Cannot without, … entails doing

Adjective  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Similar Not exactly the same

Pertainym Relational Adjective

Adverb  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Indirect Relations

• Hypernym2

• Holonym2

Word Graph test system

Redundancy Filtering

• Ignore Transitive Hypernyms

• Ignore Transitive Holonyms

• Ignore Secondary Synonyms

house

building

structure

Relevance Filtering

• Ignore Same Syntax Words

• Remove Generated Distractors

wall wall

structure wall

object

Word Recognition

Experiment (brief)

• Prototype recordings

• Panel ratings

• Questionnaire

19 Professional Architects

Experiment Set-Up

Snapshot Work Desk

Results(1)

Is the design positively influenced?

Answer: Not significantly

Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words

Results(2)

Does the architect have more associations, ideas, and concepts?

Answer: Yes

Observation: Increase of design activity after acceptance of word graph

Results(3)

Which word graphs are accepted by architects and why?

•New words (49%)•Graph structure (20%)•Relationship between new and existing words (28%)

Results(4)

Is fixation reduced?

Answer: Not significantly

Observation: Dependent on abstraction level assignment

Results(5)

Is the design process positively influenced?

Answer: Yes

Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words

Outlook

• Personalized Design Ontology

• Design Indexing by Annotation

• Marks for Episodic Associations

Acknowledgements

Nicole Segers

Computational Representations of Words and Associations in

Architectural Design

www.ddss.arch.tue.nl