Work-Related Stress and Stress Management - Copy

8/3/2019 Work-Related Stress and Stress Management - Copy

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C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: S E V E NS E V E N

Work-Related

Stress andStress

Management

Work-Related

Stress andStress

Management


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Time-Stressed Canadians

Calgary lawyer Nick

Salaysay and many other

Canadians work long days

and continue workingduring vacations. Research

indicates that this work

intensification lifestyle is

stressful.

Calgary Herald/Mikael Kjellstrom


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What Is Stress?

An adaptive response

to a situation that is

perceived as

challenging or

threatening to the

persons well-being

Calgary Herald/Mikael Kjellstrom


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Stage 1

Alarm Reaction

Stage 2

Resistance

Stage 3

Exhaustion

Normal

Level of

Resistance

General Adaptation Syndrome


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StressStress

WorkWork

StressorsStressors

InterpersonalInterpersonal

RoleRole--relatedrelated

Task controlTask control

Organizational/Organizational/PhysicalPhysical

EnvironmentEnvironment

Stressors and Stress Outcomes

NonworkNonwork

StressorsStressors

Individual

DifferencesConsequencesConsequences

of Stressof Stress

PhysiologicalPhysiological

BehaviouralBehavioural

PsychologicalPsychological


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Stress in Hong Kong SARS Ward

These medical professionals at Prince ofWales Hospital

in Hong Kong were on the frontline, treating patients withthe SARS virus, which claimed over 800 lives and created

high stress levels among nurses and doctors.

AP Photo/Vincent Yu


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What Are Stressors?

Stressors are the causes of stress -- any

environmental condition that places a physical

or emotional demand on the person.

AP Photo/Vincent Yu


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Interpersonal Stressors

Seem to be the most common group of

workplace stressors

Include Team dynamics

Organizational politics

Bad bosses

Workplace violence

Psychological and sexual harassment


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Psychological Harassment

Repeated and hostile or

unwanted conduct, verbal

comments, actions or

gestures, that affect anemployee's dignity or

psychological or physical

integrity and that result in a

harmful work environment

for the employee


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Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome conduct -- detrimental effect on

work environment or job performance

Quid pro quo employment or job performance is conditional on

unwanted sexual relations

Hostile work environment

an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working

environment


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Minimizing Harassment

1. Develop policies and culture of a more

respectful workplace.

2. Screen job applicants for past incidents

where they have harassed others.

3. Use multi-source (360-degree) feedback to

identify harassing behaviour.

4. Develop a trustworthy conflict resolution

process.


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Role-Related Stressors

Role conflict

incongruity or incompatibility of expectations associated

with the persons role

Occurs when two roles conflict with each other

Occurs when personal values conflict with work roles

Role ambiguity

uncertain task and social expectations

Work overload increased hours and intensity


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Task Control Stressors

Stress increases when employees lack

control over

How and when tasks are performed

Pace of work activity

Low task control is a higher stressor when

job also has high responsibility


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Org & Physical Environment Stressors

Organizational

Most prevalent is downsizing, which affects layoff survivors

reduced job security

chaos of change

additional workloads

guilt of having a job as others lose theirs

Physical Environment

Due to excessive noise, poor lighting and hazards


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Work-Nonwork Stressors

Time-based conflict

due to business travel, inflexible and/or rotating

work schedules

for women -- still do most household chores

Strain-based conflict

work stress affects home, and vice versa

Role behaviour conflict

incompatible work and family roles


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AccountantAccountant

ArtistArtist

Auto MechanicAuto Mechanic

ForesterForester

Low-Stress

Occupations

High-Stress

Occupations

Hospital managerHospital manager

Physician (GP)Physician (GP)

PsychologistPsychologist

School principalSchool principal

Police officerPolice officer

Tel. operatorTel. operator

Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Waiter/waitressWaiter/waitress

Stress and Occupations

Medium-Stress

Occupations


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Individual Differences: Resilience

Capability of individuals to cope successfully in theface of significant change, adversity, or risk

Personality traits

extroversion, low neuroticism, internal locus of control, high

tolerance of change, and high self-esteem

Adaptability to stressors

high emotional intelligence

good problem-solving skills

productive coping strategies

Inner strength/sense of purpose

Workplace spirituality


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Workaholism

Work addicts (classic workaholics) Highly involved in work

High drive to succeed

Low enjoyment of work

Have Type A behaviour pattern -- impatient, competitive,

temper, interrupts others

Enthusiastic workaholics Highly involved in work, high drive to succeed, and high

enjoyment of work

Work enthusiasts High work involvement and work enjoyment, but LOW

drive to succeed


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BehaviouralBehavioural

PsychologicalPsychological

Work performance, accidents,absenteeism, aggression, poor

decisions

Dissatisfaction, moodiness,depression, emotional fatigue

PhysiologicalPhysiologicalCardiovascular disease,

hypertension, headaches

Consequences of Stress


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CynicismCynicism

Reduced EfficacyReduced Efficacy

Physiological,Physiological,

psychological,psychological,

and behaviouraland behaviouralconsequencesconsequences

EmotionalEmotionalExhaustionExhaustion

Interpersonal and

Role-Related Stressors

Job Burnout Process


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StressStress

ManagementManagement

StrategiesStrategies

Remove theRemove theStressorStressor

Withdraw fromWithdraw fromthe Stressorthe Stressor

Change StressChange StressPerceptionsPerceptions

Receive SocialReceive SocialSupportSupport

Control StressControl StressConsequencesConsequences

Stress Management Strategies


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Remove the Stressor

Stress audits -- investigate sources of stress

Change corporate culture and reward system

Provide environment that supports empowerment

Person-job matching

Work/life balance initiatives Flexible work time

Job sharing

Telecommuting Personal leave

Childcare facilities


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Stress Mgt. At Liggett-Stashower

When employees at Liggett-

Stashower, Inc. in Cleveland

need a short break from the

daily stresses of work, they

retreat to one of three theme

rooms, including this karaoke

room. The higher the stress

level, the more singing there is

going on, says Liggetts artdirector.

Courtesy of Liggett Stashower, Inc.


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Withdraw from the Stressor

Permanent withdrawal

Remove employees from jobs

not aligned with their

competencies

Temporary withdrawal

Coffee/lunch breaks

Karaoke breaks (photo)

SabbaticalsCourtesy of Liggett Stashower, Inc.


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Other Stress Mgt Strategies

Change stress perceptions

Self-efficacy, self-leadership

Control stress consequences Relaxation and meditation

Fitness and wellness programs

Social support

Emotional and informational


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C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: S E V E NS E V E N

Work-Related

Stress andStress

Management

Work-Related

Stress andStress

Management

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Work-Related Stress and Stress Management - Copy