work & relaxgradshowcase.academyart.edu/content/dam/Grad Showcase... · 2020-06-22 · If future designs for airport workspaces promote peace and quiet, space efficiency, and close

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work & relax

SPACE SAVING SHORT-TERM WORKSTATION DESIGN for AIRPORTSFinal ReviewWIP Report, Spring 2014

Junyong YounMFA-Industrial Design

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INSPIRATION 4

INTRODUCTION 7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

PROBLEM STATEMENT 13

HYPOTHESIS 15

MARKET RESEARCH / BUSINESS CASE 16

USER RESEARCH 36

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 68

PRD 76

CONTENTS

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BUSINESS PLAN 80

DESIGN PROCESS 86

HUMAN FACTOR 166

TECHNOLOGY 168

MATERIALS and PROCESSES 174

CONCLUSION 188

REFERENCES 194

PORTFOLIO 196

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INSPIRATION

Since I was young, I have been interested in airports. Whenever I went to an airport, I felt excited. After I started to study in the United States, I had many chances to visit airports. At that time, I saw a lot of people had issues with using mobile devices because of the lack of power outlets at airports’ gate level. I also had the same experience. My smartphone was out of battery power so I needed to find the power outlets. However, I only saw a couple of them were available on the floor. Unfortunately I had to sit on the floor to use it, and it was not a good experience for me. Furthermore, I read an article “The Airport of The Future Is About More Than Takeoff And Landing”. It told me that future airports will not be just a waiting place, and they are willing to change themselves to enhance passengers’ travel experience in the near future. In those days, I used Terminal 2 at SFO, which was renovated by Gensler Architects. I saw many different types of lounge chairs and work counters at the gate level, and many people used them comfortably. At that time, I interviewed airport designers, Melissa Mizell and Terence Young, and they work for Gensler. They said that airport renovation is getting important in the near future. I already knew that satisfying passengers’ working needs at the gate level is a really crucial point. I was inspired by the experience, article, and interview, and I started to have a huge passion about designing airport spaces for the future.

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INTRODUCTION

According to my research many super-commuters are growing because of high technology, meaning they can work ev-erywhere with their mobile devices and access the internet easily. Airports are becoming the most efficient work area because they spend the longest hours during the actual commuting process. However, the current airports in the United States were built 30 to 40 years ago. They don’t really provide enough power outlets and workspaces, and they are just boring and stressful waiting places. Now, airports started to realize that enhancing the travel experience is very crucial. Furthermore, the meaning of airports are becoming beyond just waiting places. Passengers want to work effectively and relax comfortably during down-time in airports.

What is Super-Commuter?They commute to central counties by airplane, but live beyond the boundaries of central counties, which are Los Angeles, Manhattan, Dallas, Philadelphia, Houston, and Chicago. The Super-Commuters are typically traveling once or twice weekly for work

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What is your topic about? My topic is about future workspaces in airports, and they will be located in airport waiting areas such as near concession areas and gates. I have been in several airports in the U.S. and Korea. Whenever I went to the airports, I saw that many passengers had issues about lack of workspaces and power outlets. It is difficult for them to use their electronic devices efficiently. Furthermore, they sometimes lean against the wall or window and sit on the floor to use laptops. So I started to think that there is an opportunity for me to design a workspace that will enhance their travel experience.

Users can work and be relaxed by using a work table or leaning furniture during downtime, while they charge their electronic devices with a wireless charging system. The product will also provide storage space for carry-on items.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Who It Is designed for (Market) The workspace is designed primarily for super-commuters in the United States. They commute to major metropolitan areas by airplane and live beyond the boundaries of the areas. Super-commuters typi-cally travel once or twice weekly for work. There has been an increasing number of super-commuters over the last decade in major metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, Manhattan, Seattle, Houston, Chicago, etc. Furthermore, airports are becoming one of their most important workspaces. However, many airports pro-vide undesignated workspaces that are not effective due to a lack of power outlets, limited space for carry-on items, poor accessibility to aircrafts, and a crowded environment.

SFO is one of my target markets. Because the airport faces stiff competition with other airports in the Bay area and on the West coast in these days, the planners at SFO realized that it is absolutely neces-sary to have a good experience at the airport. For this reason, they implemented the Terminal 2 renovation project, which was pretty successful. Furthermore, they unveiled a 10-year capital improvement plan. The estimated cost of the plan is over $4 billion. I believe my product can nicely fit into SFO.

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+Primary Users Super-Commuters

+Secondary Users and StakeholdersBusiness TravelersAirport PassengersArchitectsInterior Designers

Who does it affect?AirportsAirlinesAirport Furniture DealersAirport Furniture Designer

Airlines and airports are my stakeholders. Based on my research about Terminal 2 at SFO, I realized all the concession facilities, such as workcounters, egg shaped chairs, and hydration stations, impact passengers consumption at Terminal 2. Terminal 2’s sales per passenger are 22% higher than the other two domestic terminals at SFO, according to my research. Furthermore, airlines used to pay 70% of airport fees in the past, however, they just pay 40% of that burden recently because of an increase in the concession facilities.

What are the issues? • Rapidly growing number of Super-Commuters• Desire for ample working space• Desire for easy accessibility from workspace to aircraft• Desire for space away from strangers• Desire for sufficient baggage space• Desire for communication with their office• Market demand increasing for workspace in airports• Lack of tables• Lack of power outlets• No way of knowing the availability of workspace I conducted surveys with 150 super-commuters and business travelers, and I also had interviews with airport designers. I tried to find out the users’ needs and how the experts satisfied their needs. Based on my surveys and interviews, although a lot of people want to use workspaces in the waiting room, they have had difficulties in doing so. They have issues such as lack of power outlets and space for carry-on bag-gage. Furthermore, one person usually occupies two seats because of their personal items. The current wait-ing rooms are not effective spaces for working and relaxing.

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According to my interviews with experts, current airport architects and interior designers agreed with my concept, and they think that my concept is viable. The product can promote space efficiency in the waiting room and provide close accessibility to the aircraft, and users can have better work experiences, ef-fective use of downtime, and less stressful and better travel experience for super-commuters. Furthermore, the product impacts passengers’ consumption at gate level. In other words, I want to enhance passengers’ travel experience and increase income for airports and airlines.

What are the values?

What the Product Does The workspace needs to satisfy super-commuters’ working needs. At the same time, it offers some privacy and relaxation. It includes space for belongings, seating, an interactive screen, privacy, and a work surface. First of all, while users use this workespace, they can place their carry-on bags and personal items in the spaces for user belongings. I created the space for their belongings based on the maximum size of carry-on items as per TSA regulations. Second, it offers newely designed leaning furniture, and I deter-mined the size of the leaning based on the ergonomics of regular airport seating. In addition, based on my surveys, I determined that people have privacy issues in waiting rooms. For this reason, the workspace provides a privacy panel of plexiglass. I tried to give a sense of privacy to users. Last, the workspace offers a work counter, so that people using a tablet and a smart phone as they have some drink and food. Further-more, they can charge the electronic devices at the workspace by using power outlets and a wireless charger.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

A vast number of people commute to major metropolitan areas by plane once or twice a week, but live beyond the boundaries of these areas. A new identity, is that of “super-commuters” who spend long hours commuting by air. Specifically, they usually wait more than four to five hours a week to get onto planes in airports. Furthermore, they tend to work in many kinds of places, and airports are becoming one of their most important workspaces. However, many airports provide undes-ignated workspaces that are not effective due to lack of power outlets, limited space for carry-on items, poor accessibility to aircrafts and the crowded environment.

No designated workspace for Super-commuters in current airports

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Short term workspace enhances the users’ travel experience and airports’ income.

STATEMENT of PURPOSE

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If future designs for airport workspaces promote peace and quiet, space efficiency, and close accessibility to aircraft, then it will create better work experiences, effective use of downtime hours in airports, and less stressful and better travel experience for super- commuters.

HYPOTHESIS

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MARKET RESEARCH

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Over the last decade, there has been a rapidly growing number of super commut-ers in major metropolitan areas in the U.S. I discovered that their most important need is working in airports because they spend the longest hours, four to five hours, during the actual commuting process. In other words, airports are becoming one of their most im-portant work-spaces. However, many airports provide undesignated workspaces.

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What is Super-Commuter?They commute to major metropolitan areas by airplane, but live beyond the boundaries of the areas. The Super-Commuters are typically traveling once or twice weekly for work

Why?1) Financial issues2) Spouse’s career3) The spread of internet accessibility

There is a new identity, called the “Super-Commuter”. Their growth has rapidly increased over the last decade. The reasons why they decide to be Super-Commuters are financial issues, a spouse’s career, and the spread of internet accessibility. Mitchell Moss, a professor at New York University, says “It’s re-ally a very, very big, but dispersed trend, and the Super Com-muter trend is going to continue and grow”

TARGET USERS

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‘This update to the “Emergence of the Super-Commuter” report released in February 2012 uses recently released 2010 home-to-work flows data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics OnTheMap tool to examine whether the super-commuting trend has continued to grow between 2009 and 2010.’ <Source: “The Emergence of the Super-Commuter”, Mitchell L. Moss, May 2012>

MARKET ASSESSMENT

Los Angeles 80% increase in 2002 - 2010

Manhattan 70.3% increase in 2002 - 2010

Dallas 41.4% increase in 2002 - 2010

Philadelphia 54.7% increase in 2002 - 2010

Houston 101.5% increase in 2002 - 2010

Chicago 42.1% increase in 2002 - 2010

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Through the statistics that I researched, I knew that the number of Super-Commuters have rapidly increased over the last decade. Over hundred percent of Super-Commuters have increased in Houston County, and about eighty percent of them have been grown in Los Angeles County. According to my research many Super-Commuters are growing because of high tech-nology, meaning they can work everywhere with their laptop and access the internet easily. I can see a quickly growing market of the Super-Commuter.

The first sentence of this updated report states that it uses “recently released 2010 home-to-work flows data”, which suggests this is the most up-to-date information available from the US Government. I highly suggest using this data, as it ap-pears to be the best, most reliable and up-to-date information available, despite being two years old.

+User Group Analysis

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ExpertsArchitects and Interior DesignersMelissa Mizell- Gensler, Senior Associate, 2 Harrison Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94105, 415. 836. 4178, [email protected]

Terence Young- Gensler, 500 S. Figueroa ST, Los Angeles, CA 900071, 213. 327. 3807, [email protected]

Bill Hooper- Principal at Gensler, [email protected]

Steve Weindel- Expert of green airport design, [email protected]

Jeff Henry- Gensler, Design Director, [email protected]

Airport Seating DesignersSusan L. Pemberton - Local representative, S.L. Pemberton, Inc. 414 Jackson Street, #302, San Francisco, CA 94111 (415) 399-9929 T (415) 399-9339 F (415) 990-7506 C

Charles and Ray Eames- Eames Office, 850 Pico Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90405 Phone: 310-396-5991

Etc.Marianne van Scherpenzeel- Manager Policy& Projects, Passenger Services at Schiphol Group, LinkedinMitchell Moss- NYU, “Super-Commuter” expert, [email protected]

STAKEHOLDERS

AirportSan Francisco International Airport

Super-commuters, business travelres, frequent flyersUsers

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Airport Seating Companies

Arconas- 5700 Keaton Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, 877 572 0277(The U.S), 905 272 0727(Canada)

Wikhahn- Initial contact/Order brochure, Angelika Kanz Phone: +49 (5042) 999-179, Fax: +49 (5042) 999-230, E-Mail: [email protected] Miller- Herman Miller, Inc. 855 East Main Ave. PO Box 302, Zeeland, MI 49464-0302 USA Phone: 616 654-300

Zoeftig- 8770 West Bryn Mawr Ave. Suite 1300, Chicago, Illinois, 773 867 8560, [email protected]+49 2984 300-0, E-Mail: [email protected] Figueras Seating- 1908 N.W. 84th Ave, Miami, FL 33126, 786 331 9433

Vitra- 29 Ninth Ave. New York, NY 10014, 212 463 5700, 212 463 5750

Airport Architectur and Interior Companies

Gensler- Architecture company, 2 Harrison Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94105, 415. 433. 3700

Fentress- Architecture company , 226 Airport Parkway, Suite 630, San Jose, CA 95110, 408. 625. 4670

Steinberg- Architecture company , 98 Battery Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94111, 415. 683. 2000

Simon & Associates- Sustainability consultant, 200 Brannan Street #204, San Francisco, CA 94107, 415. 908. 3757Turner- 343 Sansome Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104, 415. 705. 7900

Companies

AirlinesSFO (Domestic)Terminal1: Airtran, Alaska Airlines, Delta, US Airways, FrontierTerminal2: Virgin, American AirlinesTerminal3: United (The dominant airline in SFO)

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+Why SFO?

“It’s absolutely important to have a good terminal experience because it (the airport) faces stiff competition”

The airports are all wooing airlines to come in. “San Francisco is competing against not only other gateways, but also against San Jose and Oak-

land”

<San Francisco airport’s new Terminal 2 ‘T2’ dazzles By Ben Mutzabaugh, USA TODAY/ April 13, 2011>

VS

BAY AREA:OAKLAND & SAN JOSE AIRPORT

WEST COAST:SALT LAKE CITY & SEATLE AIRPORT

BUSINESS CASE: Airports

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Renovation of Terminal 2, SFO$383 million bid by the city of San Francisco and the airport to help hold their ground against other airports that are increasingly competing and winning new airline services.“It is estimated to generate more than $40 million in annual Airport revenues.” < Public Managerial Excellence Award to Cheryl Nashir, SFO Associate Deputy Airport Director for Revenue Development and Management>

+SFO’S PREVIOUS PLAN (T2 PROJECT)

SFO started to know that it is absolutely important to have a good terminal experience because the airport faces stiff competition. So, they decided to renovate terminal 2, SFO. When I researched SFO to find out how they satisfy passengers’ needs at the terminal, I conducted expert interviews. Through the conversations with them, I noticed that the most important goals fullfilled the passengers’ work and relaxation needs. For instance, there are 350 workstation outlets in Terminal2 because many travelers today carry a multitude of eletronic devices. The airport designers didn’t want passengers to fight over power outlets and workstations. It also has many different kinds of chairs around waiting rooms and conces-sion areas in the terminal. The airport designers wanted to give them an option so they would not have to sit side-by-side on typical tandesm seats, and they wanted passengers to sit where they want to sit.

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“Our goal was to make SFO T2 a destination in itself by en-hancing the entire travel experience,” says Gensler principal Jeff Henry. “Comfort, style, and sustainability were the three most important challenges we faced.”

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+TERMINAL 2, SFO Renovation Project, opened in April, 2011

Terminal 2’s sales per passenger: 22% higher than the other two domestic terminals at SFO

Work & Relax EnvironmentWorkstations, egg shaped chair, recompose area, hydration station

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Based on the interviews with the airport designers, I realized that the renovation project was pretty successful. Terminal 2’s sales per pas-senger is 22% higher than the other two domestic terminals at SFO. According to my expert interviews and researches, I noticed that all the con-cession facilities impact the passengers’ consumption. They tend to spend more money while they hang around the concession facilities during downtime.

Terminal 2’s sales per passenger

22% higherVS Terminal 1 and

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+TERMINAL2’’s SALES per PASSENGER

Bill Hooper, who is an architect and Principal at Gensler, says “Airport owners and developers learned then that people--even the cost-conscious folks--will indulge themselves at the airport, allowing themselves extra time and, perhaps, a splurge item or two or three.”

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SFO to Unveil 10-Year Capital Improvement Plan <Press release May 17, 2013>

“With a $4.1 billion 10-year Capital Improvement Plan, SFO is building for the future.”

Future plans: -Renovation of Terminal3, Boarding Area E-Renovation of Terminal1

<Standing inside the Terminal 3 construction project, Airport Director John Martin unveils a 10-year, $4.1 billion capital improvement plan>

<Rendering of Terminal 1 interior, part of SFO’s $4.1 billion capital im-provement plan>

+SFO’S FUTURE PLAN (T3 PROJECT)

Furthermore, SFO unveiled a 10-year capital improvement plan. The estimated cost of the plan is over $4 billion. There are two renovation projects for terminal 1 and 3 in the next 10-years. I believe there are great opportunities for installing my products, and they will fit nicely into this 10-year plan.

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Even though I decided to design my product for the San Francisco International Airport, I also can sell this product to any other airports in the United States. I can change some features, colors, and materials based on the design theme of the airport. For this reason, I believe that this product will fit nicely into any other airports. For the initial installation of my product, I can set up 40 -60 units in terminals 1 or 3 at SFO because the terminals belong to the 10 -year capital improvement plan. After 3-4 months of testing, I can increase the production quantities up to 150 units for SFO. Next, I am going to try to sell 100 -150 units to each airport in the Bay area and California; I will try to sell them in airports within cities like San Jose, Oakland, Sacramento, Los Angeles, Ontario, San Diego, and Fresno airports. The production quantities of my product are already around 1,000 only in California. If I sell this concept to airports all over the United States, the production quantities can easily in-crease to more than 3,000 annually. The reason why I am able to increase the production quantities to 3,000 annually is because I decided to use the Reaction Injection Molding process for the leaning furniture of my workspace design. Based on my research, into materials and processes, the most expedient process would be RIM. The process usually is suitable for high-volume production, and the quantities need to be more than 3,000 annually.

-California has twenty-seven primary commercial airports, several of which of-fer international flights.

-Initial Installation;40-60 units at SFO

-Testing duration;3-4 months

-Final production quantities for SFO;150 units

-Final production quantities for airports in the Bay area and California;800-1,000 units

+Business Market

<Source: http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/airports-usa.html>

-California Major Airports-

-There are roughly 14,951 airports in the US.-Final production quantities for airports in the US; 3,000 units annually

-USA Major Airports-

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+Why Airlines?Airlines used to pay some 70% of those airport operating costs and now shoulder only about 40% of that burden largely because of an increase in concession programs. <“The Airport Of The Future Is About More Than Takeoff And Landing” By Bill Hooper/ August 20, 2012 >

BUSINESS CASE: Airlines

Non-aeronautical revenue is going to be more crucial to airlines and airports. Airlines want to expand the concession facilities for pas-sengers because they know that all the concession programs impact the passengers’ consumption and decrease airlines’ airport costs. I believe that workspace facilities will impact airports and airlines positively. By creating a more relaxing and aesthetically pleasing environment passengers can work more comfortably and they have access to restaurants, shopping, and even health care facilities. Spending more time at the airport is no longer unpleasant, creating the opportunity for the concessions and the airport to increase their income. Passengers will be able to hang around in the workspace and check emails and send quick memos as they have some coffee and food during downtime. Furthermore, since some of the the passengers occupy the spots of the workspaces, the waiting rooms and restaurants relatively have more customer turn over. They will benefit from the increase in workspace availability , leaving more space in waiting rooms and restaurant areas. Because of an increase in concession facilities, the airport operating costs have been reduced recently.

1. Aeronautical charges-Landing and/or taking off-Passenger service: charged on a passenger-Cargo service-Aircraft parking (based on aircraft dimension)-Security: National police, government security agency, and airport operator It is part of passenger service charge.-Airport noise and pollution

2. Non-aeronautical charges-Concession fees from commercial activities-Revenues from car parking and car rentals-Rentals fo airport land, space in buildings

+What is airport operating costs?

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BUSINESS CASE: Users

+Users: Super-commuters, business travelres, frequent flyers

Super-commuters: Someone who commutes once or twice a week by air, they usually spend 4-5 hours a week in airports

Business travelers: Someone who is travelling on business

Frequent flyers: Someone who often travels by air, especially with the same airline

+Primary needs of usersWork and relax during downtime in airports

Mobile worker: Typical workplace seems to be disappearing.

They spend more time commuting back and forth from one city to another at least once a week.

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+Overview about the future plan

-SFO is building remarkable new structures designed to elevate the air travel experience. It remains a comfortable, healthy place to work, visit and travel through. -Additional goals for the remodeling include increased space for waiting passengers, a series of “journey points,” and an emphasis on sustainability. -Uninterrupted views will provide a relaxed feeling, reducing passenger stress.

+Themes

-Contemporary

-Unique.

-Business travel friendly

-Passengers’ sustainability

-Relaxed feeling

-Mitigating stress

THEME of AIRPORTS: San Francisco International Airport

Since I decided to design the workspace for SFO, I needed to notice what the airport’s themes are. Their themes are contemporary, unique, business travel friendly, relaxed feeling, etc. Based on the themes, My design fits nicely into that environment. My design languages are relax-ing and inviting. When the users are in the workspace, I want them to feel relaxed and have their flight stress reduced while they are waiting. They also can do simple work such as sending emails and quick memos to their office. I created a unique environment for the workspace. It is different from the current tandem seatings, and gives passengers more privacy space where they can com-fortably enjoy a cup of coffee or work at their tables using mobile devices. People will not need to take spaces side by side for their belongings, since my design provides an area for them to place their luggage.

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+Themes of SFO-Contemporary-Unique.-Business travel friendly-Passengers’ sustainability-Relaxed feeling-Mitigating stress

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The Terminal Area Improvement Program (TAIP) for Mineta San José International Airport (SJC) is creating a modern, convenient, comfortable, and competitive airport for San José and Silicon Valley.

Themes

-Modern

-Convenient

-Comfortable

-TerminalB, SJC-

-“Three E’s,”: environmentally responsible, economic vitality and social equality.-Enhance passengers’ experience-Terminal expansion

-Terminal1, OAK-

Themes

-Cost conscious approach

-Green

-Convenient

-Termianl expansion

THEME of AIRPORTS: SJC and OAK

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USER RESEARCH

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The center seats in a row are least likely to be filled, and people do not sit next to strangers in non-crowded seating areas. I observed that they leave spaces between others.

Several reasons why some seats are not fully used include:1) Limited space for carry-on items

2) Wanting to reserve seats for their company.

3) Not wanting to sit next to strangers.

Location: SFO T3 & McCarran Date: 12/26, 29. 12Total observation hours: 6 hoursOBSERVATION

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- 30-40% of passengers put their carry-on items on the seats right next to them.- 50-60% of the seats were filled with passengers even in the most dense rows.

No matter how crowded the area becomes, the percentage of people placing carry-on items on seats changes very little.


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-One person usually occupies two seats in the waiting rooms because they want to place their carry-on items close to them.-People place their carry-on baggage as well as personal items such as coats, laptops, purse, back pack, etc.


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Seat for passengers Space for carry-on items

One person usually occupies two seats.

Based on my observation, I found out that one person usually occupies two seats because of several reasons. Even though they want to place their carry-on items close to them, there is no other good place for carry-on items in waiting rooms. They want to have privacy, in other words, they don’t want to sit next to strangers.They take up extra room by using the seats next to them. For this reason, waiting rooms are filled with a lot of passengers and their carry-on items. It is usually very crowded. I wanted to provide additional space, which is my workspace, for passengers near waiting rooms. They can use the space and send emails or quick memos as they have some coffee during downtime. Since some of the the passengers occupy the spots of the workspaces, the waiting rooms relatively have more customer turn over. They will benefit from the increase in workspace availability , leaving more space in waiting rooms. Furthermore, I don’t want my design to take up too much space because SFO is one of the more crowded airports based on my observations. This presented a design opportunity and challenge.

+Finding

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I conducted surveys and interviews over the fall semester, 2012 in Terminal 1,2, and 3 of the San Francisco Airport Terminal. I spoke with 98 airplane commuters. Through the conversations with my interviewees, I explored the actual commuting process, what commuters’ needs are, and what they usually do during downtime in airports. Based on these conversations, I was able to develop my design concept, because working needs are one of the most important factors during down time hours in airports. By analyzing the first survey, I determined a more detailed and specific direction that I wanted to research.

SURVEYS and INTERVIEWS

Have you noticed any changes about what you carry and how you carry?

Many people have noticed some changes about carry-on-baggage. They said they have been trying to carry less because airlines charge $25 per bag. One of my interviewees, who has been commuting for more than 15 years by airplane, said, “All the airplane interruptions I have gone through, such as security line, ticketing, and car rental are getting difficult”. I met a commuter who has been commuting for 12 years, and he told me that airplanes are getting more crowded. He was able to find many empty seats five to seven years ago, but it is not easy for him to find empty seats anymore.

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Why did you decide not to use the work spaces in the terminal? Where do you want to see working stations in airports?

Super-Commuters can’t find suitable working spaces in airports, because most of the working stations are far from the gate level, and the Super-Commuters want to focus on their work right before they get on the plane. The most effective working areas are near the aircraft; in other words, people want to work at the gate level.

Some people did not notice working areas in the terminals, and one interviewee said that it’s hard to focus on work in the typical seat-ing areas, because they don’t provide enough space to put both carry-on items and paperwork. People don’t want to sit right next to strangers; in other words, sitting side by side is annoying, distracting them from focusing on work. Therefore, they usually put their bag on the chair right next to themselves. When working in the regular sitting areas, they put their laptops on their knees, creating difficulty writing and drinking coffee.

When you work in the regular sitting areas, what works well, and what does not work well?

What do you usally do during airport down time hours?

They always spend long hours commuting. Specifically, most Super-Commuters wait more than four to five hours a week to get on a plane. For this reason, they usually do something interesting and worthwhile during down time hours. For examples, some of them watch movie and sports game, or read a book or magazine. Moreover, a lot of Super-Commuters tend to keep working in airports because of fast accessibility to the internet and high technology of electronic devices.

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I conducted surveys and interviews in Terminals 1,2, and 3 of the San Francisco Airport Terminal and McCarran Airport. I spoke with 135 airline’s passengers. Through the conversations with my interviewees, I explored what their needs are, and what they usually do during downtime in airports. Based on these con-versations, I am developing my design concept, because working needs are one of the most important factors during down time hours in airports.

Location: SFO T1 & McCarranDate: Dec 26, 2012 Feb 13 &19, 2013Total: 135

SURVEYS

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46

45%

80%

- Nearly half(45%) of my interviewees want to use a workspace or laptop station in waiting rooms.

- Over 80% of my interviewees have had difficulties of using the workspaces.

My findings include:

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- 30 to 35% of my interviewees think that working tables are not really essential.

- 60 to 70% of my interviewees have issues with lack of power outlets in airports.

70%

35%

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70%

20%

25%55%

More than 70% of my interviewees use mobile devices to check SNS, emails, and send quick memos during downtime at gate level.

55% of my interviewees usually spend two to three hours in an airport to get onto a plane.25% of my interviewees spend over three hours in an airport .20% of my interviewees spend less than an hour in an airport.

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By analyzing the answers to my surveys, I determined what airline commuters’ needs are. In particular, I noticed that al-most half of my interviewees wanted to use workspaces in waiting rooms. Even though a number of people wanted to use work-spaces, the number of workspaces available for use is limited. Furthermore, they have no way to know the availability of these work spaces; thus, it is difficult to use them. Many current airports don’t provide enough power outlets because they were built 30 to 40 years ago. According to my surveys, 60- 70% of people have issues with the lack of power outlets. I determined how long passengers usually spend at the airport. 55 % of travelers spend two to three hours, and 20% spend less than an hour at the air-port. Through these surveys, I found out strong reasons for workspaces, and I was able to define long and short periods of work-ing in airports.

+FINDING

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Location: SFO T3 Date: 02.26.14Total observation hours: 2 hoursOBSERVATION: Airport Tour with Melissa Mizell (Aiport Designer)

I conducted another observation with an airport designer, Melissa Mizell, who designed Terminal 2 at SFO. I went to Terminal 3 to discuss the possible locations of my design on Feb. 26th. During the observation, I saw many opportunities to install my aiport leaning furniture at Terminal3, SFO. There are a lot of old cubical workstations and unused phone booths at Terminal 3. The cubical workstations can be replaced with my design becaue they look too old and bulky. They have been at the terminal for almost 10 years. Melissa said, my leaning furniture can be a good option instead of the old cubical work-station. The unused phone booths are taking too much space, even though a small number of people used them recently. Furthermore, it was not difficult for me to find people sitting on the floor to use their mobile devices because of lack of power outlets. Based on this observation with Melissa, I was very confident about my design because I found many oppor-tunities where I can install the leaning furniture workspace at the current airport.

Melissa Mizell/ Assoc., IIDA, LEED AP BD+C, Senior Associate

She is working for Gensler, and she used to be one of lead designers for SFO T2 project. Since I was in the Design Research phase, I have developed a great relationship with her, and she al-lowed me access to SFO in getting feedback for my design.

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As more and more people use smartphones and tablet PCs, they tend to use and charge their electronic devices frequently.

Location: SFO T3 Date: 02.26.14Total observation hours: 2 hours

53Location: SFO T3 Date: 02.26.14Total observation hours: 2 hours

+NOTES-The old cubical workspaces take too much space.-Less space efficiency: just 2 people sharing-It is usually installed near and/or right by the gates.



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Location: SFO T3 Date: 02.26.14Total observation hours: 2 hours


+NOTES-The old phone booths could be taken away and replaced with my workspace.


+NOTES-Melissa Mizell said, “This area could be a good option for welcoming lounge by installing my work-spaces and other lounge chairs.”

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Name: ErikJob: ArchitectHis home: San FranciscoHis office: Los AngelesBehaviors: -Commutes once a week-Wakes up 5:30 in the morning to go to airport

-Have breakfast in airport (15 to 30 minutes)-SFO to LAX-Prepare presentation during downtime-Always brings his carry-on baggage into aircraft-Spends 4 to 5hrs. a week in airports

USER SCENARIO

Leave airport-Plan to have breakfast in airport-Drive to commuting train station-Belongings: carry-on bag, backpack, jacket, mobile device, etc.-Feel hurried

Train station to airport-Desire for food and drink-Too many things to carry in the train

Ticketing and baggage check in-Tend to have carry-on baggage because airlines charge $25 per bag-Still carry many belongings

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Erik is an architect, and he lives in San Francisco with his wife, Jenna’, and two children, Tim and Sarah, who go to high school. A few years ago, Erik’s company moved to Los Angeles, so his family had to decide if they would relocate. Eventually, they decide not to move to the city, be-cause his wife and children didn’t want to leave Boston. Therefore, Erik decided to become a Super-Commuter. On most Monday mornings, Erik is at SFO getting coffee and a croissant before a 7:15 a.m. flight. He is at his desk in LA by 10 a.m. and back home in SF by 7:00 p.m. on Thursday. He has been doing this for three years, and the Internet helps him keep in touch using smart devices such as iPhones and iPads when he is away from the office. Even though smart technology aids his commute, he still has difficulties with working areas in airports.

Security scan and post security area-Poor transition time-Desire for food and drink-Desire for recompose and relax

Buy food and drink-Not easy to carry all the belongings with food and drink-Relaxation need

Eat food and drink-Desire for space for having food and drink near gate-Quick leaning could be a good option for eating.-Desire for relaxation and simple work-Possibly spill drink or food

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He usually spends more than four to five hours of his downtime in airports every week, so he needs to effectively communicate with his office and focus on work. However, existing work spaces are not suitable for his needs, offering insufficient space for his papers and baggage. Sitting right next to strangers is also annoying to him, disrupting his focus on work. Moreover, he can’t find work areas in some airports.

Downtime or delay issue-Desire for placing carry-on bag and per-sonal items (jacket, bag, etc.)-Desire for using mobile device: checking email and web searching-Power outlet and work table needed-Desire for relaxation and privacy-Possibly prepare presentation-Tired of sitting

Starting boarding-Several long lines near gate-Tend not to sit near gate when start-ing boarding

On the plane-Poor accessibility of WiFi-Not enough overhead space

Arrive at destination and baggage claim-Poor transition time-Desire for relaxation

Commuter train to office-Still many belongings

Arrive at office-Already feeling tired-Uncomfortable journey

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Through his journey, Erik feels tired when he arrives at the office. The commuting process takes long hours of transition time, in other words, he uses a lot of energy and time for commuting in one week. For this reason, he really needs some space for working and relaxing during downtime in airports.

In 2020, Erik will use optimum work spaces in airports during his commute. Airports will provide various and ample work areas, so that he can focus on work and effectively communicate with his co-workers. As well, he will not have to worry about sitting right next to strangers, which negatively affects his working experience.

His emotion and mood through the journey-Unsatisfying work condition-Feeling tired and uncomfortable-Desire for relaxing

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TASK ANALYSIS for whole commuting process

1. Home: Book flights

2. Pack up clothes and electronic de-vices and try to carry less.

3. Transportation: Carpool, drive alone, and public transportation

4. Arrive at airport

5. Ticketing and Baggage check in

6. Security scan and Post security area

-Not enough baggage space and organizing baggage space-Plan to have breakfast at airport

-Sharing car and Baggage storage issue-Desire for relaxation-Hungry

-Poor transition time issue: They wait for a long time.

-Poor transition time, collecting belongings, not enough sitting areas, and no liquids al-lowed in security area-Tired of waiting-Busy hands

-Consider efficently dividing sections inside baggage

-Consider the car sharing system

-Consider how to reduce the transition time: Self check in system may be one of the solutions.

-Think how to apply TSP pre check into new design, and consider how to release post pat down stress

Sequential Tasks Issues & opportunities Design Consideration

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7. Buying some food and coffee

8. Looking for a space

9. Placing carry-on luggage and personal items

10. Leaning or sitting on the stool in work space

11. Eating some light food and coffee

-Busy hands because of carry-on luggage and personal items-Relaxation need

-No way of knowing location and avail-ability of work spaces -Desire for using close workspace

-Issue about placing jacket and bag-No other good places for belongings

-Issue about slip on the leaning fixture-Desire for relaxation

-Potential to get dirt on surfaces-Spill drink or food-Not suitable space for placing food and drink

-Indoor park or botanical garden forrelaxation

-Considering some sort of sign -Locate workspace near food concession-Leaning fixture for 15-20 minutes

-Creating space for belongings (Easy to get in and out: shapes and materials)-Designing hanger for jacket

-Relaxing colors, materials (texture), and smell-Material for anti slip on the leaning fixture-Shapes for anti slip on the leaning fixture

-Researching new materials and processes that prevent contamination against dust and dirt (water proof )-Creating some tool or angle for placing food and drink stably


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12. Using mobile device

13. Starting to work (Preparing PT, check-ing email, contacting office)

14. Downtime before boarding

15. Starting boarding pass

16. On the plane

17. Arrive at destination: baggage claim and commuter train

18. Office

-Limited number of power outlets -Hard to use the screen with drink and food

-Privacy issue -Desire for surface to place mobile device

-Possibility of delay issue-Tired of sitting all the times

-Several long lines near gate-Tend not to sit near gate

-Poor accessibility of WiFi: Air- lines charge five to ten dollar -Not enough overhead space

-Poor transition time

-Uncomfortable feeling through whole journey

-Implementing wireless charger into my work space design-Optimum viewing angle for touch screen :30 degree

-Considering privacy panel using electro chromic glass-How much space will be covered by pri-vacy panels

- Creating better experiences by offeing entertainment and relaxation aspects to users-Relax environment-Designing work spaces in waiting rooms

-Leaning fixture could be an option.


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PERSONA: Super Commuters, Business Travelers

Present: His name is Jack, and he is a super-commuter. He commutes to L.A from S.F once a week and goes to SFO every Monday morning. Because he is too busy to have breakfast at home, he generally has some donuts and coffee during downtime at the airport. Because he usually

stays just enough time (for 30 to 40 minutes) at the gate level, he usually doesn’t have time to sit and do anything. However, he usually checks

email, sends quick memo, and finishes a drink or meal in transition to the gate. Since the waiting rooms are always filled with a lot of passen-

gers and their carry-on items, he doesn’t want to use the whole downtime in the area. Because of his work, he tends to contact his office fre-

quently by sending emails and quick memos while having food and drink.

Future: Jack can use this workspace and also has quiet time with a cup of coffee for 10-15 minutes before going to the waiting room. It mitigates

stress by having the time to grab a cup of coffee. Therefore, he is able to have a better traveling experience, effective use of downtime hours in airports, and less stressful and plesant.

-Name: Jack (Super-commuter)-Task: Sending an email and a quick memo-Behaviors: Having breakfast and a cup of coffee (quiet time), charging his mobile devices during downtime, just enough time to stay at the gate level (30 to 40minutes)

+Possible Location

-Near food concession-On the main hallway along the wall

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+Possible Location

-Right by the gate

PERSONA: Super Commuters, Business Travelers

Present: His name is Sam, and he is a business traveler. He often flies on business trips with several of his co-workers. They often use the club lounge at the airport, and usually go to the gate level 10 - 15 minutes before boarding time. During downtime, they discuss their presentations and send quick memos to their office while they are waiting for the boarding time. However, the current airport waiting rooms don’t really pro-vide enough chairs for them because the waiting rooms are already filled with a lot of passengers and their carry on items. Future: The workspace design is a good option for them. It can be installed right by the gate, and they can occupy two or three seats in a row, which will have space for their items and also a place to charge their mobile devices with the wirelss charger. For this reason, they can enhance their travel experience and hang out effectively near the gate.

-Name: Sam (Business traveler)-Task: Discuss the projects with his fellow travelers , sending an email and a quick memo-Behaviors: Business trip with several fellow travelers, go to the gate level 10 - 15 minutes earlier than the boarding time, occassionally use club lounge

+Opportunities

Each of these stakeholders do useful things. They can have a temporary spot to use downtime effectively. Because SFO is a very crowded place, I don’t want to block people’s walk flow. For this reason, the workspace design takes less space , and I encourage users not to stay in the area too long. Furthermore, since some of the the passengers are occupying the new workspaces; relatively the waiting rooms and restaurants, have more empty chairs. The new workspaces will alleviate traffic congestion in areas that are now overcrowded.

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COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

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COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

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(1) (2)

(3) (4)

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(1) Regular airport power outlets

(2) Gate-side charging station, Delta airline

(3) Charging Kiosk, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport in Grapevine, Texas

(4) Workspace,SFO

Many current airports were built 30 to 40 years ago. At that time, airports had few power outlets, usually just enough to plug in a vacuum cleaner. However, more and more people are using many electronic mobile devices: thus, airports must meet their passengers’ needs for charging electronic devices. There are some solutions to satisfy passengers’ needs in airport waiting areas.

Pros:- Familiar technology- Can charge and use electronic items at the same timeCons:- Limited number of power outlets or charging stations- Still need charging cables- Must share spaces for charging devices with strangers, which results in less privacy-Take too much space, but less people sharing

Charging Stations & Current Workspace

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(1) (2)

(3)

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Tandem Seating

Pros:- Enough seats available- Easy to use- Good accessibility to aircraft-Strong and robust

Cons:- Less privacy, as people do not want to sit next to strangers.- No other good places for carry-on items- Lack of power outlets- Does not satisfy passengers’ entertainment needs

(1) EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg , Charles & Ray Eames

(2) Longbeach airport, Arconas

(3) PLACE, Arconas

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(1) (2)

(3)

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(1) Business Lounge at Frankfurt Airport

(2) Business Lounge at Heathrow Airport

(3) Business Lounge at Belfast Airport

Pros:- Comfortable seating- Quiet and peaceful environment- Entertainment (including TVs, magazines, and newspapers)

Cons:- Limited access for passengers- Children under 12-18 years may not be permitted in the business lounge.- Limited admission times to the lounge (passengers are only accepted two hours before their scheduled flights)

Business Lounges

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PRD (Product Requirement Document)

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This product requirements document for this project presents requirements for the design and development of a product or system of products.

The product requirements are defined by the following conditional terms:Must: Necessary and essentialShould: Recommended but not required. Indicates a product goalMay: Expresses a possibilityWill: Indicates a statement of fact

Adding “not” to any of these definitions implies the opposite of the statement.

Definition

Scope

PRD (Product Requirement Document)

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1. The product must have space for carry-on baggage.

2. The product must have space for personal items.

3. The prodcut must offer some furniture for leaning.

4. The product’s work areas must provide some sort of work counter.

5. The product must offer a wireless charging-station unit that provides wireless charger technology.

6. The product’s work areas should provide power outlets

7. The product should offer privacy.

8. The product should provide cup holder.

Functional Requirements

1. Each space for carry-on baggage should be larger than the maximum size of carry-on bags, as defined by TSA regulations (24” x 16” x 10”).

2. The length of the work counter should be within 27”.

3. The width of the work counter should be within a range 5.5” to 12”, which is just enough for placing a 3/4 of the width of laptop.

3. For the short term workspace concept, the product’s work counter height should be 40”, which is normal height of the standing table top.

4. The width of leaning fixture should be 19”, which is the width of the regular airport seating and wider than the 97.5 percentile hip width of males.

5. The height of the leaning ffurniture should be 57”.

Physical Requirements

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1. Leaning furniture must be easily fixed onto the floor.

2. Leaning furniture must be easily removed from the floor.

3. Product maintenance should be minimal, and cleaning should be easy and fast.

4. The product’s leaning positioning and work counter should be comfortable and create an atmosphere of relaxation.

5. The product’s privacy panel should give the users a sense of privacy.

6. The product’s size of the work counter should be just enough for placing a tablet PC and/or smartphones.

7. Leaning furniture’s shape should be comfortable enough for a stay of about 15 minutes.

8. The product’s color should provide a welcoming and relaxing atmosphere.

Performance Requirements

1. The product must engage super-commuters and frequent flyers.

2. The product should use space more efficiently than the current airport workspace.

3. For the clusters configuration, the product should accommodate one to four people.

4. The product should be placed along the hallways, near the shopping and food concession areas, and near the gates.

Usability Requirements

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BUSINESS PLAN

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Statement of Purpose Today, a new rapidly growing identity, is that of “super-commuters” who spend long hours commuting by air. Furthermore, they tend to work in many kinds of places, and airports are becoming one of their most important work-spaces.

Based on my finding, a lot of people want to use work spaces in the waiting room, and they have issues about lack of power out-lets. Furthermore, one person usually occupies two seats, and all the seats are not filled with passengers. Thus, I can create work spaces in airports’ waiting rooms unutilizing tandem seating. According to my experts interviews’s, current airport architects and interior designers agreed with my concept, and they think that my concept is viable. The product can promote space efficiency in the waiting room and provide close accessibility to the aircraft, and users can have bet-ter work experiences, effective use of downtime hours, and have less stressful life styles.

Vision StatementAll the frequent flyers can enjoy their downtime in any airport with my workspace design.

Mission StatementThe future designs for airport workspaces will promote peace and quiet, space efficiency, and close accessibility to aircraft. It will create better overall travel experiences, effective use of downtime hours for work and entertainment, and be less stressful for super- commuters.

Short Term Goals-Mentoring with an airport designer (Melissa Mizell)-Achieving a final design of the product-Creating a final prototype with 3D modeling

Long Term Goals-Sell the concept to an airport designer

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Creating a final protype with 3D modeling

-Creating 3D model in Solid Work-Creating a rendering of the product including materials, textures, colors, etc.-Creating orthographic drawing of the product

Achieving a final design of the product

-Studying design language-Having my design intentions based on my design key words: privacy, space for carry-on items, working surface, seating capabilities

Mentoring with an airport designer

-Keep in touch with Melissa Mizell by email, phone, Linked in, and visiting-Proposing my concept development to the designer to sell the concept

SHORT TERM GOALS

Sell the concept to an airport designer

-Creating users database for user testing and feedback-Accepting the feedback-Finding the right audience-Selling my product to an airport designer-Creating a video to show my concept-Taking photos to show my prototyping model-Preparing a presentation to sell my concept-Preparing a presentation to introduce my concept to an idenfied market- Being passionate about my design

LONG TERM GOALS

Step

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Mentoring with an airport designerMelissa Mizell (Gensler Architect)Linked in, email, phone, and visiting -The goal that I have achieved

Achieving a final design of the productPeer designers : My classmates in Directed Study Class

Directed study: 3 directed study classes; Design Research, Design Phase, and Design Implementation

Mentors: Airport Designers (Melissa Mizell and Terence Young) Instructors in the three directed study classes

Software: Indesign, Illustrator, Photoshop, Sketchbook Pro

Creating a final protype with 3D modelingIndustrial Designer (Junyong Youn)3D program (Solid Works and Rhino)School computer lab Hiring manufacturer (Funding proposal for Kickstarter)

RESOURCES

MentorsMelissa Mizell/ Assoc., IIDA, LEED AP

BD+C, Senior AssociateShe works for Gensler, architectural firm, and she used to be one of the lead designers for SFO T2 project.

Terence Young/ Gensler

Architect

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Consumer Profile

Age Range29 - 55 or older

Income$40,000 (Middle class background)

Psychographic

I had an interview with Terence Young, who is an airport designer and working for Gensler. He used to be a Super- Commuter for two years when he designed SFO T2. In terms of airport designer and Super- Commuter’s point of view, he told me that they use a lot of energy and time commuting each week and usually has to spend more than four to five hours in airports every week, in other words, super commuters’ most important need is work space in airports. Furthermore, he said “People are going to be working more around the clock in the future so airport designers should recognize that there will be a vast numbers of super commuters who need to work in airports.

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Promotion StrategyMentoring with an airport designer-Prepare presentation to show my concept and plan-Have a nice relationship with my mentors (keep in touch with the airport designer)-Keep updating my concept and having feedback-Ask the airport designer to introduce me to conferences and events for developing my concept.

Achieving a final design of the product-Promote and engage myself in directed study classes-Having professional academic behavior-Be commitied to my project-Professional time management-Having feedback from peer designers and my stakeholders

Creating a final prototype with 3D modeling-Have funding from Kickstarter-Develop video and clear proposal-Give offering reward-Using Solid Works to create 3D model-Using a manufacture company as a manufacturer to create final prototype

Sell the concept to an airport designer-Begin with short term goals-Keep connecting with airport designers-Creating website to introduce and interact with my stakeholders-Keeping connections and networking with my audience

SHORT TERM GOALS

LONG TERM GOALS

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1ST CONCEPT SKETCHES

2ND CONCEPT SKETCHES

Inspiration for the overall shape of the leaning concept

DESIGN PROCESS

87

1ST CONCEPT SKETCHES

2ND CONCEPT SKETCHES

Inspiration for the overall shape of the leaning concept

88

SHORT TERM WORKSPACE

LONG TERM WORKSPACE

FLOOR SEATING WORKSPACE

89

LONG TERM WORKSPACEE

90I can get a sense of the leaning furni-ture’s shape.

This shape inspires me about brief appearance of the floor seating concept.

+NOTES-This concept takes up too much space.-Interms of space efficiency issue, it is not a best option for SFO.

-Recreating waiting room-Combined with the regular seats-a combination of multiple workspaces

Based on my stakeholders’ feedback, I tried to have different types of seating ar-rangements. First of all, I combined the workspace with the regular seats. Combination of multiple workspaces would be a good option to provide space and work efficiency.

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+NOTES-This concept takes up too much space.-Interms of space efficiency issue, it is not a best option for SFO.

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+What is this concept? This concept is a workspace for people who spend over two hours in a waiting room. I developed this concept based on five key ideas, including space for belongings, seating, interactive screen, privacy, and work surface. While people use the workspace, they can place their carry-on bag and personal items close to them because the workspace offers two different sizes of spaces for belongings. I created the space for their belongings based on the maximum size of carry-on items as per TSA regulations. The workspace also offers seating, and I determined the size of the seating based on the ergonomics of regular airport seating. In addition, the workspace provides an interactive screen that people can utilize. Specifically, users’ mobile devices capture, organize, and display items such as work-related files, schedules, emails, flight information, movies, TV shows, weather, etc. The screen on the workspace will have a display that is driven by the users’ devices. All of their favorite items, apps and programs that reside and run on their devices will show up on the workspace screens by means of cloud computing.

IDEATION: Round1 Round2 Round3

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Susan L. Pemberton/ ARCONAS (airport seating design company)She is working for ARCONAS as a dealer.

“This concept would be a good idea to have in a club lounge” and “It takes up more space than the short term workspace.”

I designed the workspace for SFO, and it is one of the most crowded airports in the United States. For this reason, I think space efficiency is a crucial aspect, so this concept is not a perfect option for SFO.

+FEEDBACK

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FLOOR SEATING WORKSPACE

95

This shape is suitable for leaning.Inspiration for the leaning furniture, which is a short term workspace

96

+What is this concept? It is about being able to sit and lean in a space that can be used for work and relaxation. This concept could be installed in between food concession and gate level. Before the passengers go to their gate level, they can stop by this space to have some coffee and donuts while they do simple work such as checking email and booking the next flight. It provides a chance to briefly lean and sit, and the users can place their carry on baggage right next to them. The brief seat is just for sitting 15 minutes at most, and I don’t want the users to stay too long because the area is usu-ally too crowded. They have a cup of coffee and simple food while they do simple work. After that, they leave to their gate level.The leaning part (sitting on the floor) will be more comfortable than the part that is for sitting. The users can relax more in this space by stretching their legs. Because all the seats are filled with many passengers and their carry on bags in the waiting room, it is difficult to have a nice working and relaxing environment. For this reason, they can have a space where they can focus on their work or relax before they go to their gate.

+Functions-Space for carry on baggage-Surface for work, placing food and drink -Wireless charger

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+Feedback

-The users could step on the seat on the floor or even step on the person who is sitting.-Hard to get up-Easily get dirty

+Design consideration

-Indicate the users that this is the seat-ing on the floor. -Give more thickness to the surface-Use not cheap looking materials

+Feedback

-The user’s elbow on the left side could hit the one on the right.


-Extrude backrest of the seat to give more individual space-Provide the minimum height of the backrest for quick seating

+Feedback

-The users on the leaning part don’t want to see the hard edge of the surface on their left hand side


-Have a nice curved surface by bending ply-wood

USER TESTING: Floor Seating

+Finding This concept is not a good option for SFO’S waiting room because it takes up too much space. Furthermore, I found out my users don’t want to sit on the floor because the floor seating easily gets diry. For these reasons, I decided to more focus on the shoortterm workspace.

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SHORT TERM WORKSPACE

99

I started to develop the shape of the lean-ing furniture.

+It is the most suitable concept, in terms of space efficiency.

Susan L. Pemberton/ ARCONAS (Airport seating design company)She is working for ARCONAS as a dealer.

Susan said, “This concept is a good option to have near the gate, in between waiting room or food concession.”

Because a lot of people form several lines to get onto an aircraft, people tend not to sit near the gate. For this reason, this concept could be placed near the gate. This concept could be better placed in between food concessions or waiting rooms because Pemberton, as a dealer, wants to place as many seats as she can in waiting rooms. Furthermore, a lot of people gather in these areas, and sometimes many of them don’t want to sit. In other words, they are sometimes tired of sitting. In this case leaning fixtures would be a good idea.

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101

+What is this concept?

-Leaning and standing workspace for 10 to 15 minutes in transition to gates

-The users: They may not have time to sit and to do anything, but check mail or send a quick memo or finish a drink or meal.

A couple of business travelers hang out together.

-SFO is one of the most crowded airports in the U.S. so the workspace should take less space.

+Functions

-Space for carry on baggage-(A): Adjacent angle surface for tablet PC-Wireless charger

USER TESTING: Short Term Workspace Concept/ Round 1

(A)

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(A) Width of The Surface

-Width: 12” (Armrest and taking notes)-Surface is too wide.

(B) Length of The Surface

-Length: 30”

(C) Space for Lean and Stand

-Too crowded because of two different types of work stands-Narrow space for bigger people-Less inviting feeling because of hard edges

+Work Surface and Space Study

(A)

(B) (C)

USER TESTING: Short Term Workspace Concept/ Round 1

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+Side Leaning Posture #1

Elbow Surface

-Top surface of the leaning fixture-Left elbow-Width: 2.5” (Minimum width of armrest)

Design Consideration

-More concave shape on the surface that the waist touches-Curved surface on both side edges

USER TESTING: Short Term Workspace Concept/ Round 2 (Surface Study)

Waist Surface

-Too flat surface-Less inviting

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+Side Leaning Posture #2

-Top surface of the leaning fixture-Right elbow-Width: 2.5” (Minimum width of armrest)

-A little wider surface-Curved surface on both side edges

Elbow Surface Design Consideration

105

+Regular Leaning Posture

Design Consideration

-Slots for mobile devices (tablets)-Slots for coffe cups-Lip or metal strap around the edge

Primary Work Surface

-Drink and food -Mobile device Where the users’ hands make con-tact with the surface

Elbow Surface

-Width: change it from 10” to 5”

USER TESTING: Short Term Workspace Concept/ Round 2 (Workcounter Study)

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+Work Counter Studies

(A) Width of The Surface

-Width: 5” (The maximum width of the armrest)-Primary use of the surface: the armrest

(B) Primary Work Surface

-The users tend to use the area. (For placing mo-bile devices , food, and drinks)-Offers an inviting feeling.-More natural flow of the line.

(C) Length of The Surface

-Length: 33”

(A)

(B)

(B)

(C)

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(A) Space Issue-Still a little narrow for bigger people-A little lower height for the work surface

+Work Counter and Space Study

(B) Surface Issue-Wider surfce for side leaning-Organic shapes could be a good option.

(A)

(C)(B)

+Work Counter and Space Study

(A) Length of The Surface

-Length: 35”-Longer length of the surface

(C) Height of The Surface

-Height: 42”

(B) Surface for Side Leaning

-Side leaning position: The users want to use wider surface on the (B) area.-Offering more organic shape of the surface

108

Space that is underneath the countertop easily gets dirty, and it is difficult for the maintenance crew to clean it.

109

Wireless Charger

Based on my technology trend research, I decided to adjust the size of the work table. Since more and more people are going to use tablet PCs and smartphones, I believe that the size of the work tables are just enough for placing the tablet PCs or smartphones.

110

+Two Sided Support

Potential Issues

-The users could trip on the sup-port.-Difficulty storing carry-on bag-gage

Possible Solutions

-A single support frame-According to an airport’s en-vironment, it could be placed on either side

USER TESTING: Leaning and Standing Concept/ Round3 (support Frame)

+Either Side Support

-Providing a little sense of stability: I want to indicate to the users this leaning structure is strong enough to lean against.-The leaning structure itself is strong enough to lean against.

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-The previous model looked insecure and weak.-I decided to explore different shapes based on 4” and 5” thickness.-The leaning structure should look secure and strong, so that the users think that it is strong enough for leaning against.

(A) The Previous Model (B) 4-inch Thickness (C) 5-inch Thickness

MOCK UP TESTING: Leaning and Standing Concept/ Thickness Study

+Thickness Study

112

(a)

(b)+Thickness Study

(a): 4-inch(b): 5-inchI built up two quick models to visualize the appearance. Based on the visualizations, I decided the second model looks more secure and strong.

(a)

(b)

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+Leaning Surface

(A) The Previous Leaning Surface

-Less supporting the users’ waists because of the degree of redius change

(B) The Current Leaning Surface

-Gradual radius change-The users creates more of surface surface to support their waists.

USER TESTING: Leaning and Standing Concept/ Surface Study

(A) (B)

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PROBLEM SOLVING: Leaning Furniture & Floor Assembly (Round1)

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116


117


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PROBLEM SOLVING: Privacy Panel & Work Stand Assembly (Round1)

119


120


121


122


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SECTION VIEW: Privacy Panel & Work Stand Assembly / Leaning Furniture & Floor Assembly

124

PROBLEM SOLVING: Aesthetic Study/ Leaning Furniture (Round1)

125


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127

128


129


130

-More concave surface for relaxing and inviting feeling

-The edge was too sharp. I tried to have more gentle curve.

131

-Overall shape was too thick, and it needed to be looking more elegant and flowing.

AESTHETIC STUDY: Leaning Furniture

132

Near the gatesNear the gates

Along the hallwaysNear the concession areas

-Unstable looking

-Insecure configuration

-Supporting structure on the back of the leaning furniture

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Near the gates

+Possible Locations-Along the hallways-Near the food and shopping concession areas

+Feedback-The leaning furniture needs some kinds of supporting structure on its back.-It needs to look more stable.-A workcounter is assembled on the side of the leaning furniture and the back of the front leaning furniture. For this reason, when a user leans on the leaning fur-niture, it isn’t that secure.

+Design Consideration-Steel structure for supporting leaning furniture-Every single unit needs to stand alone with its workcounter.

Near the concession areas

134

POSSIBLE ISSUES: Configuration Study

+NOTES-Based on user testing, users felt a little uncomfortable because of the closeness of other users.-When the users use a tablet PC or have some coffee in this workspace, another user’s long hair could annoy them.-The workspace’s arrangement looks like the seating arrangements on an aircraft. The users thought that it was boring configuration.-I tried to solve these issues by providing a privacy panel for each unit, so that it gave some sense of privacy. However, I still want to have another solution by adjusting the arrangement.

a. 178” b. 41.8” c. 21.5”

135

+NOTES-Tinted areas are comfort ranges.-Based on the viewing angle movement studies, I realized that a user at the front workspace could bother someone in back of them. -This configuration was less inviting and relaxing.

Viewing Angle Movement Study

136

CONFIGURATION STUDY: Patterns A,B, and D

-Right and left handed table -Along hallway-Both side entrance

-Right handed table -Against wall-Left side entrance

-Left handed table -Against wall-Right side entrance

Pattern A (1/4 scale mock up)

Pattern B (1/4 scale mock up)

137

Pattern B is the most inviting and relaxing because of wide angle of entrance. Based on my design language, which are relaxing, inviting, elegant, and flowing, pat-tern B is a nice fit.

-Right handed table -Against wall-Left side entrance

-Left handed table -Against wall-Right side entrance

Work tables were possibly installed in these tinted areas.

Pattern C (1/4 scale mock up)

138

+NOTES-Tinted areas are comfort ranges of viewing angle.-Movement studies indicated that pattern B is the most efficient configuration in terms of the viewing angle. -Pattern A and C have very similar viewing angle issues.

Viewing Angle Movement Study

Pattern A (1/4 scale mock up) Pattern B (1/4 scale mock up) Pattern C (1/4 scale mock up)

139

Pattern A

Pattern B Pattern C

Straight Line

140

When this user hits the furniture and/or moves unintentionally and ungently, all the units could be shaked all together.

141

People could lean on the very first unit, howev-er, it is not a good option for one independent unit because it is not able to support a work counter.

It iakes a wider space than I expected. For this reason, it gives the airport less freedom to in-stall the workstations.

In this configuration, a workcounter is still assembled on the side of the leaning furniture and the back of the front leaning furniture. For this reason, when a user leans on the leaning furniture, it isn’t that secure. This configuration still can’t solve the issue.

At this point, I started to think about the stand alone idea, which is that the size of the work counter could be smaller and assembled on the leaning furniture.

142

I conducted the configuration study because some people felt uncomfortable in the straignt line design. In other words, the front user annoyed the back user because of their long hair or clothes. So I tried to find out which configuration was the most efficient in terms of the comfort zone study. However, at that time I still have the idea, which is that 4-5 units should be assembled together. I thought that the idea could be a good option for having a high level of space efficiency. After conducting the study, I realized that assem-bling 4-5 units together is not a good idea. When a user leans on the leaning furniture, each user’s small movement could impact other users on the front and/or back negatively. For this reason, I started to think that every single unit needs to stand alone with its work-counter, and airports have more freedom to install my workstations based on their environment. At this point, I explored the ideas about a stand alone unit with its workcounter. At the same time, I also sketched a lot of different types of steel structures to support the leaning furniture.

+FINDING

143

STEEL STRUCTURE

Tubular steel-Diameter: 2 3/8”, Thickness: .154”

+Note-The steel structure looks too mechanical.-I started to think about the back shell to hide the steel structure.

Flat steel (CRS)-Thickness:1/4” or 5/16”

Supporting steel structure

144

COVER +Note-I started to cover the back.-The tubular steel idea takes more space than the flat steel one.

The concave area might collect garbage.

145

TABLE ASSEMBLY+Note-The supporting arm for work-counter can be joined on the inside steel structure.

Bending steel for supporting workcounter

Heavy looking

146

AESTHETIC STUDY: Parting Line Variations

A. Difficult and expensive to have a undercutB. When I see the side view, it is less flowing and elegant.C. Difficult and expensive to have a undercut

-It is the most flowing and elegant shape in terms of my design lan-guages.- The parting line is the most be-livable one based on the modling process.

A.

B.

C.

147

A. The shape of the product’s platform is less inviting and relaxing.B.Difficult and expensive to have a undercut

A.

B.

148

-I had many ideas for the supporting arm structures and began sketching.-It must be joined to the surface of the steel supporting structure inside the leaning furniture.

SUPPORTING ARM STRUCTURE STUDIES

149

Final design for the supporting arm structure

150

-At this point, I started to think that some sort of covers could be a good option to hide the sup-porting arm structure because it looked too mechanical.

COVER for SUPPORTING ARM STRUCTURE STUDIES

151

152

-The tinted area looked weak, so it can be thicker.-This part is made out of steel.-Thickness: 5/16”

153

-Based on the user testing with my mock-up, I realized that the work counter needed to be wider and longer.-At this point, I decided to make more mock-ups for the work coun-ter to figure out the proper shape and size of it.

154

Tablet PC

-The width was too narrow, and the length was short.-The size of the work counter is just enough for using a tablet PC, however people wanted to use the wider area for their laptop.-The work counter needed to have a place for supporting at least 3/4 of the width of a laptop.

A-1.

B-1.

-The yellow tinted area is less inviting.- I wanted to have a more gentle curve instead of sharp one.-It is still narrow. The users felt uncomfortable because they might drop their belongings.

A.

B.

A-1: 27”B-1: 12”

A: 25”B: 10”

-The users felt more comfortable, when they use the type4 work counter.-They can charge their smartphones and use laptop computers at the same time.

Type1 Type2

Type3 Type4

-I tried to find out the proper size and shape of the work counters based on the user testing. Even though the work counter becomes wider and longer, it still needs to look balanced with the leaning furniture.

Type2

Type4

Type2

Type4

155

B-1.

Type2Type2Type2

156

1. FRONT COVER: Warm grey/ ABS/ Gloss finish2. BACK COVER: Charcoal grey/ ABS/ MATT FINISH3. COUNTER TOP: Blue spice / Corian/ GLOSS FINISH4. WIRELESS CHARGER: White/ Duracell Powermatt/ Glossy finish5. WIRELESS CHARGER COVER: Warm grey/ ABS/ Glossy6. POWER OUTLET: White/ Regular power outlet6-1 COVER: Warm grey/ ABS/ Glossy6-2 COVER: Charcoal grey/ ABS/ Glossy7. PRIVACY PANEL: Plexiglass/ Transparent8. NON SLIP VINYL FLOOR/ Semi glossy9. FLOOR UP (PLATFORM): Steel10. SUPPORT ARM: Bending flat steel/ Uncoated raw steel11. SUPPORT ARM COVER: Stainless steel12. LOGO: Brushed aluminum13. SUPPORTING STRUCUTURE: Bending flat steel/ Uncoated raw steel

3.

4.5.

6. 6-1. 6-2.

1.

2.

12.

7.

157

9.

13.

10.

11.

-WITHOUT BACK COVER-

9.

9. Platform: The very bottom flooring

8. Non slip vinyl flooring: It is on the very bottom flooring.

158

CHARCOAL GREY2. BACK COVER6-2. COVER

WARM GREY1. FRONT COVER5.WIRELESS CHARGER COVER12. SUPPORT ARM COVER6-1. COVER

PLEXIGLASS7. PRIVACY PANEL

SLATE BLACK /NON SLIP VI-NYL FLOORING/ Armstrong8. NON SLIP VINYL FLOOR-ING

BLUE SPICE/ CORIAN (DU-PONT)3. COUNTER TOP

WIRELESS CHARGER/ DURA-CLEE POWERMATT4. WIRELESS CHARGER

BRUSHED ALUMINUM12. LOGO

STAINLESS STEEL11. ARM COVER

CMF

159

160

EXPLODED VIEW

161

EXPLODED VIEW: Platform, Non slip vinyl flooring, and Logo

+Securing-Vinyl adhesives

Dupont Non Slip Vinyl Flooring

Aluminum Logo

162

BUILDING PROCESS

1. Product’s platform on airport’s floor 2. Non slip vinyl flooring on the platform 3. Front cover is joind on the platform.

4. Stupporting structure is joind on the front cover.

5. Supporting arm structure is joind on the front cover.

6. Privacy panel is joind on the front cov-er.

163

7. Back cover is joind to the front cover. 8.Arm cover and work counter are joined together.

Sand casting supporting arm structure Arm cover (Bending stainless steel)

164

ORTHO

UNIT INCHSCALE 1:25

56.56 50.13 39.03

39.76

24.50

.38

26.72

12.00

B

C

D

1 2

A

321 4

B

A

5 6

DRAWN

CHK'D

APPV'D

MFG

Q.A

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERSSURFACE FINISH:TOLERANCES: LINEAR: ANGULAR:

FINISH: DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

NAME SIGNATURE DATE

MATERIAL:

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING REVISION

TITLE:

DWG NO.

SCALE:1:25 SHEET 1 OF 1

A4

C

WEIGHT:

ORTHO. di breve Station

165

BILL of MATERIALS

Material

Isocyanate and polyol

Isocyanate and polyol

Corian

Duracell PowerMat

110V power outlet

Plexiglass

Dupont non slip vinyl flooring

Steel

Aluminum

Brushed aluminum

Aluminum

Process

RIM

RIM

Thermoforming

Thermoforming

Laser cutting

Welding/ Die cutting

Sand casting

Laser cutting

Sand casting

Price

$75 per part/ 3,000 annually


$122

$39

$2

$37 /#25

$22

$74


$28


$510

Part

1. FRONT COVER

2. BACK COVER

3. COUNTER TOP

4. WIRELESS CHARGER

5. POWER OUTLET

6. PRIVACY PANEL

7. NON SLIP VINYL FLOOR

8. PLATFORM

9. SUPPORT ARM

10. LOGO

11. SUPPORT STRUCUTURE

TOTAL

ORTHO

UNIT INCHSCALE 1:25

166

Page 8 of 22 Small Female, 2.5%tile

HUMAN FACTOR2.5% tile, Small Female

167

Page 10 of 22 Large Male, 97.5%tile

+Shoulder height: 59 inch. (97.5%, Large Male)-------> Product’s height+Normal working height: 35 inch to 44 inch (2.5% tile, Small Female and 97.% tile, Large Male)-------> Work counter’s height

I used these human factors as a design refer-ence.

97.5% tile, Large Male

168

TECHNOLOGY

169

+Technology (Wireless Charger)

- There are currently fewer than 10 million wireless chargers in the U.S.- The number of these devices is projected to rise to nearly 100 million by 2015, according to IHS.- A prototype of how inductive charging could be implemented in handbags, cars, tables or desks, or on household countertops.- The charging time is comparable to wired connections.

+Use Considerations

This technology can be applied to my product. In other words, wireless chargers will be implemented into my workspace. Thus, people would be able to charge their devices wirelessly during work sessions.

-Fulton Innovation, at CES 2013- -Global Wireless Charging Market (2012-2017)-

TECHNOLOGY: Wireless Charger

170

+Dimensions3.75” x 3.75” x 0.375”

+Weight0.30lbs

+Dimensions2.75” x 2.75” x 0.6875”

+Weight3.360oz

+2 times faster than a tradi-tional wired battery

POWER MAT (for 1 device) PORTABLE WIRELESS CHARGER

-It is common in public areas, and it is possible to incorporate into furniture.

+Two methods-Magnetic induction-Magnetic reasonance

Between the two methods, the magnetic induction has been more widely used recently.

-Annual average growth for 10 years from now : 74.1%-Sales price in 2013: 130 million-Sales volume in 2013: 8.2 million

171

Mobile technology is gradually taking a bigger part of our lives compared to our PC’s. There is a rapid growing trend of smartphones and tablet PCs worldwide. In contrast, the number of PCs sold has declined in these days. I wanted to know that what kinds of electronic devices my users are going to use in the next 5 to 10 years. That’s why I conducted the future trends of a tablet PC. This research impacted overall size and design of the table in my workspace design.

<Source: enders analysis>

+Why did I conduct this research about future trends of table PC?

FUTURE TRENDS: Tablet PC

172

“In fact, NPD today released projections that suggest shipments of tablets could reach nearly 364 million worldwide in 2014, more than double the projected 177 million shipments of notebook PCs and ultrabooks. By 2017, NPD expects tablet PC shipments to reach 589 million, while notebook PCs and ultrabooks will remain relatively flat at 176 million.”

<Source: www.displaysearch.com>

<Source: NPD DisplaySearch Quarterly Mobile PC Shipment and Forecast Report>

Based on the research, I determined the size of the work table. Since more and more people are going to use tablet PCs and smartphones, I believe that the size of the work tables are just enough for placing the tablet PCs or smartphones. Furthermore, the workspace design needs to provide pow-er outlets and/or wireless chargers to satisfy users’ needs, which is a desire to be able to conveniently charge their electronic devices.

+Findings

173Future Floating Airport in London by Gensler

174

MATERIALS & PROCESSES

175

176

PROS CONS USE CONSIDERATIONSMATERIALS & PROCESSES

-Allows for varying wall thickness within the same part (3mm to 60mm) without sink marks-Relatively row tooling cost, as compared with other high-vol-ume plastic methods-It produces with a high strength-to-weight ratio.-Surfaces resistant to scratches, heat, and impact.-Ideal production runs: 100-5,000 pieces annually

-A multiple-cavity mold is needed for small parts.

-Leaning furnitureRIM (Reaction Injection Molding)

-Suitable for making large parts(up to 85pounds in a single shot or with a part footprint of 10’x8’x3’)

-Inserts, metals, plastics and other assembly fea-tures can be molded into the B-side of the part to help assist in lowering your post mold assembly costs.

<Source: www.rim-molding.com>

177

-Much less expensive tools-High quality and detailed look-Higher precision-Good for lower volumes

-Not as economical as vacuum forming

-Leaning furniturePressure Forming

-The in-mold painted parts are available.-Cosmetically, the part looks very good, and surface imperfections are hidden.


-Class A or Class B finish are mostly used with varying degree of gloss and texture. -Texture is frequently used to hide part imper-fections and potential scratches.-Polane Polyurethane Enamel paints offer supe-rior superior appearance and durability.

After the process of the in-mold painted parts, the parts also can be painted with Polane Poly-urethane Enamel paints.

178

COMPARISON between RIM and Pressure Forming

<Sourece: http://www.productiveplastics.com/processes.asp>

With annual quantities of over 3,000 parts, Reaction Injection Molding is a better choice based on the economics. Based on my research, into materials and process-es, the most expedient process would be RIM.

+Cost comparison

RIM Pressure Forming

Cycle Time

Tooling for low volume

Low to moderate tooling costs Lower tooling costs

Quite rapid (5-15 minutes) Sheet fed: Quite rapid (1-8 parts per minute)Roll fed: Quite rapid (hundreds parts per minute)

Low volume production is also a realistic possibility. Highly cost effective for low to medium volume runs

+Comparison Diagram

Costs

I researched the two manufacturing processes, which are RIM and pressure forming for the design of my leaning furniture. I wanted to find out which process would be more suitable for the leaning furniture design. Based on my research, I realized the RIM process is the most efficient one according to the properties of the process, which are various wall thicknesses, suitable for large parts, and high volume production quantities (over 3,000 annually). As I talked about earlier in the business market research, if I sell this concept to airports all over the United States, the production quantities can easily increase to more than 3,000 units annually. Through the research, the most expedient process would be RIM.

179

+Costs

-Aluminum tooling: the most expensive one-Considerably cheaper than tooling for injection molding

+Suitability

-Highly cost effective for low to medium volume runs

+Advantage

-Complex and intricate details (surface textures)-Fine surface finish

Typicallly used for production quantities of 250 to 3000 annually

Pressure Forming

RIM (Reaction Injection Molding)

+Costs

-GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) tooling is cheaper than aluminum and steel.-Labour costs are low to moderate.

+Suitability

-One-off to high volume production

+Advantages

-Inserts: plywood laminates, plastic molding, threaded bushes, metal structures can be molded into the part.-Fibre reinforcement can be incorporated into the plastic to improve strength and rigidity.

180


-Few starts and stops-Allows for longer welds-Clean welding-Requires little post-weld clean up

-Leaves deposits that are heavily oxdized-Difficult to create a start-ing arc

-Supporting frame for back of the leaning furniture.-Extended foot pad for secure floor fastening

MIG Welding

SETZ CUFF BENCH, ARCONASExtend food pad for secure floor fastening

It is most often used with steel.

-Superior surface finish-Closer tolerances-Better dimensional accuracy-Improved strnegth and hard-ness

-It requires more power compared to hot rolling as metals softens at high temperature.

-Supporting fram for back of the leaning furniture.

CRS (Cold Rolled Steel)

SETZ, ARCONASArms: 1 3/4 in width x 1/4 in thickness

Spot Welding -Quick process-It is cost and energy efficient.

-It can be ugly.-Dangerous process

-Supporting arm for the prod-uct’s workcounter

Thickness of low carbon steel plates joined by spot welding ranges up to 10 mm for each member

<Sourcewww.portablewelders.com/spot-welding-technical>

181

-Lots of colors and patterns options-Very easy to clean-Very nice durability-Easy to sand away stains or scratches (Stain resistant)-Non porous surface-Seamless

-It can be damaged easily by heat.-Relatively expensive price compared to laminate countertops

-Work table


Corian (Solid surface countertops)

Price range: $70-$130 per square foot+Mechanical fastening-Never mechanically fasten directly to Corian.-Plastic or brass threaded insert needed

+Securing Corian to support frame-Bolts and/or screws with the threaded inserts-Silicon adhesive: it is used to secure Corian to wood, steel, natural or engi-neered stone, glass.

<Source: www.dupont.com>

+Thickness ranges4mm, 6mm, 12mm, 19mm

+WeightApproximate weight per square foot 1⁄4” (6 mm): 2.2 lbsApproximate weight per square foot 1⁄2” (12 mm): 4.4lbs

-Corian can be moulded and thermoformed.-By using CNC machinery, intricate designs can be carved into Corian.-Corian can be cut using CO2 laser systems.

<Drainboard into Corian countertop> <Sink made out of Corian>

182


-Affordable price-Easy to install-Easy to clean-Durable-Water resistant-Vinyl flooring comes a lot of different types of colors, pat-terns, or textures.

-It can fade.-Vinyl flooring is highly durable, but if it does rip or tear, it can be tough to fix.

-Flooring (workspace’s plat-form)

-Versatile cut-Fast and accurate cut

-Flooring

Non slip vinyl flooring

Less than $5-7 per square ft

+Securing-Vinyl adhesives-Double sided tapes

<Source: /www.vinylflooringfaq.com>

+Thickness -Most are 1/8”, which is thick enough to make them incredibly durable.

+Two different forms-Sheet and tile forms

Metal laser cutting

+Thickness -Up to 3/4”carbon steel -Up to 1/8” aluminum -Up to 5/8” stainless steel with an accuracy of .001”.

183


-Low cost-Durability-Colors and patterns varities-Easy to clean (Non porous surface)

-It shows its seams.-Not heat resistant-It can scratch fairly easily.-Difficult to repair (It can crack.)-It can fade with direct UV rays.

-Work tableLaminate

Price range: $22-$52 per square foot

Tubular Steel -Very strong (internal strength)-It can be cut, welded, and formed into many designs-Relatively inexpensive-It lasts for many years.

-Heay -Supporting frame for back of the leaning furniture.

SETZ, ARCONAS Legs: diameter 2 1/2 in (63mm)

Bike rack, BikeparkingHoop: diameter 2 3/8 in (60mm) thickness .154” (4.0mm)

184

Die Cutting -Product’s stainless steel floor

PROS CONS USE CONSIDERATIONS

-It can generate large numbers of the same shape from a mate-rial such as plastic, wood, and metal.

-It is limitted, because it only can really be used to produce flat objects

<Source: www.wisegeek.org/ what-is-die-cutting.htm>

PROCESSES

Extruded Acrylic Sheets -Much less variation is thick-ness.-Less expensive than cast acrylic-Light weight-Easier to bend and shape

-Hard to have various thick-ness

-Privacy panel

<Source: http://www.e-tplastics.com/blog/cell-cast-acrylic-sheets-and-extrud-ed-acrylic-sheets-how-do-they-differ/>

-Easy to assemble-High stiffness-Easy to bolt / mount fixtures along the extrusion -No weld-ing required to assemble-No rust

-Sometimes difficult to drill holes through extrusion

-Aluminum extrusion profile for workstand

Aluminum extrusion

185

Powder Coating

Clear Anodizing

- No preheating of the component isrequired- Easily automated- Create thin films with good edgecover- Relatively good coating toughness- A wide variety of glosses and textures- Low environmental hazards

- Most generally applied to alumi-num- Protecting and coloring aluminum- Low tooling costs- Giving an attractive metalic reflectivity

- A subsequent hot curingis necessary

- Moderately high equipment costs

- Automotive industry(wheels, bumpers, door handles, numerous engine parts)- Appliances (front and sidepanels of refrigrators, washertops, airconditional cabinets- Frames for windows, modular furniture, bicycles, computer cabinets)- Steel parts of my product

- Arms and back supports of air-port seats- Aluminum extrusions of my product: supporting beam

PROS CONS USE CONSIDERATIONSPROCESSES

Polane Polyurethane Enamel paints

-Excellent appearance over many types of substrates—metal, plastics, and wood-Excellent hardness and impactresistance-Excellent adhesion, mar, andabrasion resistance

-On the leaning furniture

186

- Highly automated- High speed and precision pos-sible

- Limitted to sheet materials -Bent frameSheet Metal Forming

-Highly versatile in terms of molding different shapes-Highly automated production-Cost-effective parts-Good surface finish-Minimum finishing operation (the removal of the sprue)

-Involves considerable invest-ment and high production runs-Can involve long lead time

-Leaning furnitureInjection Molding

-Suitable for low-cost mass pro-duction-High mechanical resistance-Very low weight-It is widely used to shape the composites BMC (simple bulk shapes) and SMC (flat, dished thin-walled shapes)

-Limited to simple shapes -Leaning furnitureCompression Molding

PROS CONS USE CONSIDERATIONSPROCESSES

Aluminum Sand Casting -Patterns are not expensive and easy to make.-Low operating costt-The wast mould and the cast-ing material can be recycled.

-Poor surface finish-Draft angles are required.-2nd stage machining is required.

-Internal structure of the leaning furniture

187

Aluminum - No rust- Strong and light- Abundant- Relatively cheap

- High strength- High corrosion resis-tance- Ease of fabrication (Readilysoldered)

- Difficult to bend, texturize, and cut-Higher costs

- Not good for slidingsurfaces- Poor endurance strength- Difficult to reshape orrepair

-Aluminum extrusion pro-file for workstand

-Product’s floor

PROS CONS USE CONSIDERATIONSMATERIALS

-Privacy panelPlexiglass -Great alternative to glass-It is much harder to break than regular glass.-Great impact strength-Easy to work with (be drilled and glued)

Stainless steel

188

I designed the space saving short-term workstations for airports based on their en-vironments. Each stand alone unit allows for many different configurations for the effi-cient use of space in future airports designs. My design will enhance passengers’ travel experience because they will be able to work and spend time socializing in a more relaxed atmosphere. This would increase the value and airport income derived from passengers.

di breve Station

CONCLUSION: Final Design

189

FINAL DESIGN: Near waiting rooms

190

FINAL DESIGN: Along hallways

191

192

CONFIGURATION: Cluster

193

WORK COUNTER: Power outlets and Wireless charger

Wireless charger

Power outlets

194

ARTICLES “‘Supercommuters’ on the rise” http://www.marketplace.org/topics/life/supercommuters-rise, Feb 28, 2012

“The-airport of the future is about more than takeoff and landing” http://www.fastcoexist.com

“The Emergence of the Super-Commuter”, http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter

May, 2012 Top 5 Tech Predictions for 2025, http://www.inc.com/john-brandon

2025 Tech: Everyday gadgets and gizmos in your near future, http://www.digitaltrends.com

The World in 2025: Technological Trends, http://www.aicpa.org

“The Airport Of The Future Is About More Than Takeoff And Landing” By Bill Hooper/ August 20, 2012

“San Francisco airport’s new Terminal 2 ‘T2’ dazzles By Ben Mutzabaugh” USA TODAY/ April 13, 2011

Fulton Innovation ready to show off new wireless charging techniques at CES, http://www.engadget.com/2012/01/09

Top 5 Future Materials that put the Jetsons to Shame, http://cydro.hubpages.com

Panasonic shows off solar-powered wireless charger table | Ubergizmo, http://www.ubergizmo.

NPD DisplaySearch Quarterly Mobile PC Shipment and Forecast Report

REFERENCES

195

http://mashable.com

http://ces.cnet.com

http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk

http://inclusive-design.info

http://www.theverge.com

http://www.bitrebels.com

http://futuristicnews.com

Source: www.gizmag.com

http://www.luggagesource.com

http://www.airfarewatchdog.com

http://www.luggageonline.com

http://www.tsa.gov

http://www.engadget.com

http://www.techieapps.com

http://www.hermanmiller.com

http://www.arconas.com

http://www.wilkhahn.com

WEBSITES http://www.gensleron.com

http://www.theairportofthefuture.com

http://www.fentressarchitects.com

http://www.e-tplastics.com/blog/cell-cast-acrylic-sheets-and-extruded-acrylic-sheets-how-do-they-differ/>

www.wisegeek.org/ what-is-die-cutting.htm>

www.dupont.com

www.rim-molding.com

http://technoman.hubpages.com/hub/Manufacturing-Pro-cesses-Sand-Casting

http://www.jnmetalproducts.com

http://www.reactioninjectionmolding.com/wp-content/up-loads/2013/09/RIM-Brochure1.11.2010.pdf

196

PORTFOLIO

JUNYONG YOUN

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

199

LISSE MODERNE TOASTER Travel Companion

CONTENTS

200

LISSE MODERNE TOASTER

Theprojectwastore-designatoasterwithtwofoodslots,crumbtray,lifterhandle,anddarknessknob.

+PROJECTTraditional Toaster Re-Design

DESIGN PROJECT 2 / Toaster Design

201



CONTEMPORANEITY

ELEGANCE&FLOW

STABILITY

LISSE MODERNE TOASTERDESIGN LANGUAGES

202

LISSE MODERNE TOASTERIDEATION SKETCHES Round1

203


204


205

QUICK MODELING

-Stillflattopsurface-Lessflow&elegance-Basedonthedesignlanguag-es,mydesignneededittohavemoreorganicandele-gantshapes.

Feedback:

ASSEMBLY Buttons&Hooks(Costefficiency&Easyjoint)


206

HERO SHOT CONTEMPORANEITY ELEGANCE & FLOWING STABILITY


207

208

Emotional:Clean,FreshPerceived:Handy,FunctionalAssociation:CleanerAesthetic:Black/Grey,ovalProductdefinition:Fuzzyremover

RHINO 3D MODELING/ Redesign Fuzz Remover


209

Pivot point

On/offbutton

Battery

Fuzzcontainer


210

IusuallybuyapackofdeliciousIndonesiacoffeeoneceamonthandbrewitbymyselfinmyplace.LastsummerIvisitedKoreaforamonth.UnfortunatelyIforgottobringmycoffeebeanonmytripsoIwasnotabletohaveaccesstomyownbrewedcoffee.AtthattimeIenthusiasticallywantedtohaveit.T

Thereisaproblemforcoffeeenthusiastsawayfromhomenothavingaccesstotheirlocalhomebrewedcoffeedrink.

+INSPIRATION

+PROBLEMSTATEMENT

DESIGN PROJECT 3 / Portable Coffee Maker Design

Travel Companion Portable Coffee Maker

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IDEATION SKETCHES

212

DESIGN PROJECT 3 / Portable Coffee Maker Design

1.Watercontainer

2.Lid

3.Cup

1.

2.

3.

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Documents

work & relaxgradshowcase.academyart.edu/content/dam/Grad Showcase... · 2020-06-22 · If future designs for airport workspaces promote peace and quiet, space efficiency, and close