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Working Group on Effects, 29th Session, 22-24 September 2010Working Group on Effects, 29th Session, 22-24 September 2010
Task Force on Health:Task Force on Health:Results: PMResults: PM
Michal Krzyzanowski
TFH Chair
WHO/Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn
http://www.euro.who.int/air
ECE/EB.AIR/WG1/2010/11
Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update
Intensive research on health effects of PM continues (500 research papers published in 2008-9):
• Confirm WHO AQG Global Update 2005 conclusion on the increased of morbidity and mortality (heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases) related to long term exposure to PM2.5;
• Prompted US EPA to classify relation of cardiovascular effects with long-term PM2.5 exposure as “causal” (association of CV and respiratory effects with PM10, PM10-2.5, UF – suggestive);
• Broader array of studied effects (biomarkers, reproductive & neurological effects)
• Health effects demonstrated for various PM components / sources / characteristics.
• Systematic assessment of health relevance of black smoke (The Netherlands)
Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update
Ongoing activities:
• Preparations to the 2013 revision of EU AQ Directive: discussion on risk assessment methods at 13th FH Meeting;
• European Study of Cohorts and Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) Collaboration of ca 30 cohorts covering 900,000 subjects
• Health impact assessment of air pollution:• in European cities (APHEKOM) • EU – analysis by ETC ACC• Global Burden of Disease – Harvard Initiative for Global Health & collaborators, including WHO (use of GAINS & satellite-based PM2.5 estimates)
PM10 in cities, 2008
Source: ETC ACC
AQG = 20 µg/m3
Urban population distribution by PM10 annual Urban population distribution by PM10 annual average, 2007average, 2007
Mean annual PM10 in Europe, 1999-2008
all stations
<-6 %/yr
-6 - -3 %/yr
-3 - 0 %/yr
> 0 %/yr
source: ETC/ACC-AIRBASE February -2010
PM10trend(%/yr)1999-2008
PM10 annual mean
0
10
20
30
40
50
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
urban traffic rural
PM2.5 in cities, 2008
Source: ETC ACC
0 10 20 30 40
EEFI
NOPTSE
DKESGBCHDEHUFRNLBEATLVCZIT
SKGRPLBG
PM2.5 (annual mean, ug/m3) at (sub)urban stations
WHO AQG
Potential reduction in YLL for two scenarios for PM2.5 reduction: LV compliance and AEI-reduction target
Source: F. De Leeuw, J. Horalek, ETC/ACC, 2009
Impact indicators in 2020 vs. levels in 2000, for the baseline cases and the maximum technical feasible reductions (MTFR)
Amman et al, CIAM Report 1/2010
PM2.5
Air pollution episodes 2010Air pollution episodes 2010
FederalEnvironment Agency
FederalEnvironment Agency
Estimates of PM2.5 in Russia, summer 2010Estimates of PM2.5 in Russia, summer 2010
Method:
Env Health Persp 2010