22
9/21/2016 1 Working with people with impaired capacity Presented by: FCA with material from Deakin University and Legal Aid Queensland Session Outcomes 2 You will understand: Forms of cognitive disability the social model of disability that capacity is a dynamic construct your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired Have new skills for working and communicating with people whose capacity maybe impaired.

Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

1

Working with people with impaired capacity

Presented by: FCA

with material fromDeakin University and Legal Aid Queensland

Session Outcomes

2

You will understand:

• Forms of cognitive disability

• the social model of disability

• that capacity is a dynamic construct

• your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

Have new skills for working and communicating with people whose capacity maybe impaired.

Page 2: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

2

Disability in Australia today contd

(Retrieved from The state of play of disability in Australia, Watson and Frawley, 2016, p.1)

The statistical information reported here has been retrieved from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the First People’s Disability Network Australia Websites (retrieved February 26th, 2016).

Acquired brain injury

“An acquired brain injury can occur when there is damage to the brain after birth. That damage can be caused by an accident or trauma, a stroke, brain infection, overuse of alcohol or drugs, or by diseases of the brain such as Parkinson’s disease or dementia” 

(Retrieved from The state of play of disability in Australia, Watson and Frawley, 2016, p.2)

4

Page 3: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

3

Cognitive disability

• A cognitive disability is an umbrella term used to describe a brain related injury that a person is born with or that becomes apparent early in life. 

• It may include an intellectual or learning disability. 

• there is inconsistent prevalence data as to the number of Australians with cognitive disability, but it is clear the number is growing 

(Retrieved from The state of play of disability in Australia, Watson and Frawley, 2016, p.2)

5

Psychosocial disability

“Psychosocial disability describes how people with mental illness experience disability. They may experience physical, cognitive, social and emotional challenges which impact on their well‐being”

“According to the 2012 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) 45% of Australians have experienced mental illness during their lives”

(Retrieved from The state of play of disability in Australia, Watson and Frawley, 2016, p.2)

6

Page 4: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

4

The Social Model of Disability

“Disability “ is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions” (WHO, 2016) that when combined with societal barriers, restricts a person’s ability to be included in their community”

(Retrieved from The state of play of disability in Australia, Watson and Frawley, 2016, p.1)

The social model of disability says that many of the effects of disability are caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person's impairment or difference. It looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people.

Includes the ideas of normalisation and social role valorisation.

4

8

Page 5: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

5

Legal Definitions of Capacity

Paul Holmes

Legal Aid Queensland

With material from Bernadette Pascoe FCRC and Dr Georgia Lowndes Clinical Neuropsychologist Monash University

9

10

What is ‘capacity’?

• There is no single legal definition of capacity

• What constitutes capacity depends in each case on the type of decision being made or the type of transaction involved

• In considering whether a person should have a substitute decision maker (Guardian or Administrator) –the legal test found in the Guardianship Act legislation considers:

o whether a person has testamentary capacity

o whether a person has capacity to make a power of attorney

o whether a person has contractual capacity to enter into a particular transaction

Page 6: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

6

Indicators of Capacity

The client:

• Understands & remembers the issue, relevant facts and information given

• Understands and remembers choices discussed

• Can weigh up the pros & cons of choices andappreciate risks & potential consequences

• Can make a consistent choice & communicate their decision (people can change their mind  ‐ just not repeatedly)

** Be sure not to confuse difficulty communicating with an

inability to do the above11

12

Legal capacity is decision-specific

• Under common law you must presume that a person has the capacity to make their own decisions. 

• Capacity is assessed separately for each decision that has to be made. The client’s capacity may vary for different decisions and may fluctuate over time.

• If a client can make some but not all decisions, they have a right to make as many decisions as possible. 

• In order for a contract to be valid, a client must have legal capacity to enter into it

• Before concluding lack of capacity, ensure that everything possible has been done to support the client to make a decision. Substitute decision‐making is a last resort. 

Page 7: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

7

Financial counsellors and capacity

• As a financial counsellor you support people to make financial decisions and act on their instructions

• You provide them with an opportunity to discuss and define their problems, help them obtain more information, identify and consider options, risks and consequences, offer pathways to action and support them

• Ultimately the choice of what to do is theirs

• It is not your role to be an expert capacity assessor

• Assume capacity and support clients as much as possible to make their own decision

• Cannot assume that a person lacks capacity because of their age, appearance, disability or behaviour 

13

14

Legal Risk – the Reasonable Financial Counsellor

Legal Risk

• If a client later claims they did not understand the financial counselling (and therefore did not understand the implications of certain decisions); and

• action is taken against a financial counselling agency. 

A court would consider what would be reasonably expected of a Financial Counsellor. 

In some States, a court may consider the practise of a number of Financial Counsellors to determine the reasonable standard expected. 

Page 8: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

8

15

Legal Risk – the Reasonable Financial Counsellor

The Reasonable Financial Counsellor generally 

‐ makes reasonable adjustments to their communication to ensure their client has the ability to understand and make a decision about their financial affairs 

‐ provides accurate and reliable information and follows the Australian Financial Counselling Code of Ethical Practice

‐ If you have concerns about your client understanding the information, speak to your employer or:

‐ For BSWAT Payment Scheme, call DSS

ALWAYS act within the authority and direction of your agency/employer – if unsure ask

UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one’s own choices and the independence of persons.

Article 12: Equal recognition before the law,  provides that disabled people:

1. Are recognised everywhere as persons before the law

2. Are entitled to legal (decision‐making) capacity on an equal basis with others in all areas of life. 

3. Are provided with the support they may require to exercise their legal capacity 

Crucially, Article 12(3) obliges Parties to provide access to the support that people with a disability may require in exercising their decision‐making capacity. 

16

Page 9: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

9

What can we do to enhance decision-making capacity?

Joanne WatsonDeakin University

With material from Bernadette Pascoe FCRC and Dr Georgia Lowndes Clinical Neuropsychologist Monash University

18

Page 10: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

10

Supported decision-making

• Decision making is optimal when it is done interdependently as opposed to independently

• We all make decisions with support from those who know and love us. People with a disability should not be assumed to lack capacity because they need support/advice from other people

• Information gathering is a normal part of the decision making process

• Regardless of their decision making capacity, all people can be supported to be involved in the decisions that affect them

• Everyone has preferences and with support these preferences can be built into decisions

• Everyone has the right to make decisions others don’t agree with

• Everyone has the right to take risks19

Supported decision-making

“The starting point is not a test of capacity, but the presumption that every human being is communicating all the time and that this communication will include preferences.  Preferences can be built up into expressions of choice and these into formal decisions.  From this perspective, where someone lands on a continuum of capacity is not half as important as the amount and type of support they get to build preferences into choices”

(Beamer, 2001)

20

Page 11: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

11

General communication tips

• Communication ability is NOT an indicator of capacity or understanding

• If you are unsure about what someone is communicating consult with someone who knows them well

• Write the messages down as the person is ‘speaking’ if you think it may be difficult for you to recall a message that takes a long time to deliver

• Wait for them to finish delivering their whole message before responding

• Give them enough time to respond to your questions

• Work out what sort of questions need to be asked. You can use open or closed question strategies depending on the person’s needs

22

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

22

No tech SpeechKey word sign/gestureBody languageVocalizationsFacial expressionsEye pointing

Low tech Picture boardsTalking matsSpelling boardsE‐tran boards

High tech Voice output communication devices and software

Describes forms of communication other than speech

Page 12: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

12

Low tech communication systems/strategies

23

24

Page 13: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

13

25

Decision-making for people with cognitive disability

Principles to aid understanding

People with cognitive or intellectual disability may find it difficult to understand verbal information

• Begin interview with simple questions & pace yourself 

• Use clear simple language, explain any complex terms 

• Take time, speak slower and leave opportunities for response

• Give one piece of information at a time

• Check their understanding regularly

• Use fewer words. Strip away irrelevant details, focus on main points

• Avoid slang (e.g. “hop out of bed”)

• Make sure you have their attention before proceeding

• Reduce distractions

• Keep information in the ’here and now’, be specific26

Page 14: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

14

Principles to aid understanding contd.

• Use visual supports to keep track of the conversation if needed

• Affirmative answers do not necessarily indicate understanding

• Ask them what they are thinking or feeling

• Discuss and work through one issue at a time

• Summarise what you have said at intervals

• Write down important information for them 

• Ask them to think about it, seek advice from others, and check with them again later

• Document your discussion

• Reassess their memory, understanding and rationale for their decision. Is it relatively consistent, considered, realistic?

27

Understanding written information

People with cognitive or intellectual disability may find it difficult to understand written information

Make written materials accessible

• Easy English

• Photos and pictures of key words

28

Page 15: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

15

29

http://www.scopevic.org.au/information-resources-hub/resources-download/

R12JW [5]1

Talking mats

30

Page 16: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

Slide 29

R12 I have alreadfy downloaded this document if you think we need a few copies on hand.Rita, 29/04/2016

JW [5]1 greatJoanne Watson, 9/05/2016

Page 17: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

16

Dignity of risk

31

When making decisions it is important to remember that sometimes what is important FOR us is not necessarily important TO us

Page 18: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

17

Working with support people

Keep in mind that they may:

• Be used to speaking for the person or managing things for them, especially if they are a family member

• Be used to dealing with service providers who don’t know how to manage the person

• If the person has less capacity or difficulty communicating they may be trying to shield them or you

• If the person has no knowledge or experience of financial matters they may not be able to take ownership of their financial matters with no preparation

• Need to use your best detective skills and gut feelings to distinguish inappropriate behaviour form a support person from protectiveness or habitual behaviour

33

Keeping things comfortable

You can help ease the situation by:

• Showing patience, being willing to wait for answers

• The more comfortable you can appear, the more at ease they will be

• Speaking to both of them, not just the support person

• Resist being led into talking about the person

• Allow time for people to answer, be careful about answering for them if you know what they’re trying to say

• Try to engage the participant but you may not get a lot of response at  first

• Engage them initially by finding something that they like or can relate to, sport, food etc.

34

Page 19: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

18

BSWAT Payment Scheme

Participants of the BSWAT Payment Scheme:

• have an intellectual impairment

• have a wide range of impairment level, characteristics and communication ability

• are required to see a financial counsellor to ensure that they understand the financial consequences of receiving a payout 

• participants won’t be able to receive their payout without a signed financial counselling certificate 

• may be accompanied by formal nominees who are  empowered to make decisions on their behalf or by informal support people

35

Role of the Financial counsellor

Financial counsellors:

• are required to communicate financial information effectively to participants and try to ensure they understand the information

• are not required to certify that the client understood the information, nor are they required to judge capacity

• Should let the department know if they have concerns about the behaviour of a nominee or if they have serious concerns that a participant doesn’t understand the information provided, particularly if they have no support people

36

Page 20: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

19

Role of the Financial counsellor contd

• Financial counsellors need to balance risk management, duty of care and the rights of the client to make their own decisions, keeping in mind the legal test of what would be expected of a reasonable financial counsellor

• Common sense and flexibility and the ability to work with support people and nominees will be required to achieve the best outcome for the client

• To minimise risk, it is important to keep complete and accurate case notes of what was discussed and provide a written summary for the participant to take away with them. 

37

Dilemmas you may face

38

Page 21: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

20

Tools to help you

• Summary sheet for understanding capacity including key concepts, indicators of lack of understanding and communication tips 

• Templates for use with the BSWAT  Payment Scheme

– Intake Assessment sheet to record impairment and capability information prior to the appointment

– Checklist of issues to address with BSWAT participants

– Money plan and circumstances summary ‐ to complete during the appointment, for clients to take with them

– Easy Read documents; ‘How a financial counsellor can help you’ and ‘What to bring to your meeting with a financial counsellor’

These tools are available from the FCA Toolkit website on the BSWAT resources page:39

ResourcesPlaces where you can get help:

• The Office of the Public Advocate in your state (or the Public Guardian in NSW & Tasmania) will provide advice and advocacy or a list of advocacy associations

• Information and BSWAT publications on the DSS website: https://www.dss.gov.au/disability‐and‐carers/programmes‐services/for‐people‐with‐disability/bswat‐payment‐scheme

• The Scope Easy English Style Guide can be downloaded from: http://www.scopevic.org.au/information‐resources‐hub/resources‐download/

• BSWAT information on FCA Toolkit website, under Tools and Links: http://www.financialcounsellingaustralia.org.au/Toolkit/ToolsAndLinks/BSWAT

Agency managers who do not have a login should use :

Username: BSWAT‐AGENCY 

Password: project201640

Page 22: Working with people with impaired capacity · •that capacity is a dynamic construct •your role as a financial counsellor in working with people whose capacity may be impaired

9/21/2016

21

FCA contact – for Questions and support

For further information or to answer questions about the BSWAT Payment Scheme contact FCA BSWAT Project Manager:

Rita Battaglin

Phone: 03 8692 7205

0403 220 777

Email: [email protected]

41