Worksheet 1 Stonehenge, The United Kingdom

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This page has been downloaded from www.onestopclil.com.Written by Susan Lea-Wilson. © Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008.

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Worksheet 1 Stonehenge, The United Kingdom

This circle of stones is world famous because it is the only one of its kind on earth. Pairs of giant stones are topped with lintels (a large stone lying across them). The stones were brought a long way to the site, long before motor transport and heavy machinery. Let’s fi nd out more about the mystery of how Stonehenge was built and why.

Go to http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.876Click on Explore Stonehenge and its landscapeClick on Stonehenge World Heritage Site Interactive MapClick on Stonehenge

WEBQUESTANCIENT MONUMENTS

sarsen stone: a straight stone that stands uprighttrilithon: stone arch made from three stonesphase: period or stagecremated: burnthuman remains: the body of a dead personcemetery: a place for burying the dead

Vocabulary focus

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Use the interactive map to complete the chart about the stages of Stonehenge.

Phase Date What Stonehenge was made from

Other features

Phase I Circular earthy _______ and _______ (henge)

Aubrey holes – these heldcremated _______

Phase II _______ added to the interior and entrances

Maybe the posts supported a _______

Phase III _______ stones from _______Sarsen stone _______

Phase III a crescent _______ were brought from Wales _______ km away. The reason is _______

Phase III b Sarsen _______ _______ replaced the Blue stone circle._______ with stone lintels on top.The stones came from _______ away

Phase III c _______ rearranged The inner circle and horseshoe were changed _______

Today _______ people visit Stonehenge every year._______of people come to see the _______ (sunrise on June 21).Stonehenge is protected for the future.

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Worksheet 2 The Stonehenge Site

Stonehenge is very famous but it is part of a much bigger site full of ancient monuments. Find out more about the whole area.

Go to http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.876Click on Explore Stonehenge and its landscapeClick on Stonehenge World Heritage Site Interactive MapClick on StonehengeClick on the names below to fi nd out more and complete the chart

Place What is it? How old is it? What was it for?

The Avenue An earthwork monument _______ long

Maybe it was a _______ approach way or it was used to drag _______

_______ A 3 km long _______ earthwork

Maybe it was for _______ or a special road for bringing the dead to Stonehenge

King’s Barrow _______barrows (burial mounds)

_______

Vespasian’s camp _______ fort Protection

_______ _______ of wooden poles with a bank and ditch

_______ site

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Worksheet 3 Making Stonehenge

Now we know what Stonehenge is like, let’s think about how and why it was made.Go to http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.htmland choose the correct answer.

1 What tools were used to make the fi rst Stonehenge?

iron tools stone tools bone tools bronze tools

2 How much did the Blue stones weigh?

2 tons 12 tons 14 tons 4 tons

3 How did they bring the Blue stones from Wales? (two are correct)

by sea and river by horse and cart by dragging by road

4 How much do the stones in the Outer Ring weigh?

5 tons 50 tons 15 tons 25 tons

5 How far away did the outer stones come from?

100 miles 20 miles 30 miles 50 miles

6 How many men were needed to pull the stones up Redhorn Hill?

100 60 160 600

7 Who built Stonehenge? (two are correct)

Druids Late Neolithic people King Arthur Beaker people

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Now go to:http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080529-stonehenge-cemetery.html and fi nd out what Stonehenge was constructed for.

8 What was the purpose of Stonehenge?

to worship the sun a place to bury the dead a calendar to mark the days of the year a Druid religious place

9 When were people fi rst buried there?

500 BC 3000 BC 2600 BC 5000 BC

10 How many people are buried there?

3 50 56 240

11 What kind of people were buried there?

Just children Just women Rulers (men and women) Ordinary people

12 What happened to ordinary people when they died? (two are correct)

burnt in a ceremony thrown into rivers buried in wooden circles left in the wild

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Worksheet 4 The Great Wall of China

What do you know about this famous ancient monument?Write two or three ideas here:

1 ___________________________2 ___________________________3 ___________________________

Now let’s see if you were right and fi nd out more about the Great Wall.Go to http://www.activityvillage.co.uk/the_great_wall_of_china.htm

1 How long is it?

2000 km 5000 km 6000 km 10,000 km

2 When was it started?

1000 years ago 2000 years ago 2500 years ago 3000 years ago

3 When was the current wall built?

In the Shang dynasty In the Xia dynasty In the Zhou dynasty In the Ming dynasty

4 Why was the Great Wall built?

to stop people from leaving China to keep traders out to keep northern invaders like the Mongols out to stop fi ghting in Northern China

5 Who ordered the Great Wall to be built?

The Mongols Emperor Qin Emperor Xia Emperor Shang

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6 What was it fi rst made from? (two are correct)

brick earth stone wood

7 What was the later wall made of?

brick earth stone wood

8 How long did it take to make the later wall?

100 years 50 years 200 years 250 years

9 When was it fi nished?

1384 1368 1466 1644

10 How many people worked on building it in total?

300,000 500,000 800,000 1 million

11 Which of these statements is true? (two are correct)

The Wall can be seen from the moon The Wall can be seen from space The Wall can’t be seen from the moon

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Worksheet 5 The Pyramids at Giza

Now for more very famous Ancient monuments – this time in Egypt: Go to http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/index.shtmlClick on Archaeology of EgyptClick on Archaeological SitesClick on Giza

Read the page and say whether the sentences are True (T) or False (F). Circle T or F.

1 The Pyramids are the only ’Wonder of the World’ still standing today. T/F

2 Giza is in Northern Egypt. T/F

3 In the past, people knew the Pyramids were the tombs of the pharaohs. T/F

4 The largest pyramid, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, is nearly 140 metres high. T/F

5 You can see the original stone covering on the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre. T/F

6 The pyramids were built from 2 ton black granite blocks. T/F

7 Maybe the builders moved the stones by pulling them over wet sand. T/F

8 No-one really knows how they lifted the stones into position. T/F

9 The builders were successful in stopping people breaking into the tombs. T/F

10 The Ancient Egyptians believed the dead needed food and clothes and jewellery in the after-life. T/F

11 Pollution from the nearby city of Cairo is damaging the Pyramids. T/F

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Worksheet 6 The Sphinx

Another famous monument in Egypt is the mysterious Sphinx.

Go to http://www.guardians.net/egypt/sphinx/

Read the page and say whether the sentences are True (T) or False (F). Circle T or F.

1 The Sphinx has the body of a cat and the head of a king or god. T/F

2 The desert sand has covered the Sphinx many times. T/F

3 The head is half the length of the paws. T/F

4 The Sphinx is in line with the Pyramid of Khafre. T/F

5 The nose of the Sphinx was shot off by Napoleon’s men. T/F

6 The head of the Sphinx used to be brightly coloured. T/F

7 Some people think the Sphinx looks like Khafre’s older brother, Djedefre. T/F

8 The Egyptians have restored only the left paw. T/F

9 The Sphinx doesn’t have a tail. T/F

10 There is a story carved in stone below the head of the Sphinx. T/F

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Worksheet 7 Angkor Wat

Now we will visit the Far East to learn about an amazing temple: Angkor Wat.

Go to http://www.roch.edu/course/doors2cambodia/cambodia._angkor.html and read to fi nd the answers to these questions:

1 What does the name ‘Angkor Wat’ mean?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2 Where is Angkor Wat?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3 Why is Angkor Wat special?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4 What area does it cover?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

5 How many temples does it have?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

6 Are they all Hindu temples?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

7 How big was it in the past?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

8 How many people lived there?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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Now go to http://www.sacred-destinations.com/cambodia/angkor-wat.htm

9 When was Angkor Wat built?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

10 Where does a picture of Angkor Wat appear?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

11 Which empire was the city of Angkor the capital of ?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

12 Who built Angkor Wat?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

13 What was it for?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

14 The temple is built to symbolize the home of the gods. What is the name of the home of the gods?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

15 What is the name for the channel of water that surrounds the temple?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

16 What were the reasons for the waterways in the temple?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

17 How many central shrines are there?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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18 What is it made of?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

19 All the fl at surfaces are decorated with carvings. What three things are mainly shown?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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Worksheet 8 Teotihuacan

This time we explore a wonder in Central America – Teotihuacan, which has pyramids as large as the pyramids at Giza.

Go to http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/conquista/teo.htmland http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/TEO.HTM and complete the chart.

Where is Teotihuacan?

When did the Aztecs discover it?

When was it started?

How many people lived there?

How big an area did it cover?

Which groups did the people there belong to?

What are the most important features?

What job did most of the people do?

What were the houses made from?

What gods are shown in the paintings and sculptures?

Why did people stop living there?

What was found inside the pyramid of the Moon?

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Websites visited in this webquest:

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.876http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.876http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080529-stonehenge-cemetery.htmlhttp://www.activityvillage.co.uk/the_great_wall_of_china.htmhttp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/index.shtmlhttp://www.guardians.net/egypt/sphinx/http://www.roch.edu/course/doors2cambodia/cambodia._angkor.html http://www.sacred-destinations.com/cambodia/angkor-wat.htmhttp://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/conquista/teo.htmlhttp://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/TEO.HTM

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Worksheet 9 Project

a) Choose one of the Ancient monuments we have looked at on this webquest and revisit the websites.

b) Follow the links (or fi nd your own sites) and fi nd out more about the people who built these amazing monuments.

c) Find out how they lived, what they believed, what they wore, what they ate, what kind of art works they made and anything else that interests you.

d) Present your fi ndings to your class with the use of posters with pictures and written information.

e) Put up your posters for other students to see.

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Written by Susan Lea-Wilson. © Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008.1 of 4

Answer Key

Worksheet 1

Phase Date What Stonehenge was made from

Other features

Phase I 3000 BC Circular earthy bank and ditch (henge)

Aubrey holes - these held cremated human remains

Phase II 2900-2400 BC Wooden posts added to the interior and entrances

Maybe the posts supported a roofed building

Phase III 2600-1600 BC Stone monument Blue stones from WalesSarsen stone circle

Phase III a 2600 BC Blue stones crescent Blue stones were brought from Wales 385km away.The reason is unknown

Phase III b Early Bronze Age

Sarsen stone circle Sarsens replaced the Blue stone circle.Huge trilithons with stone lintels on top.The stones came from 30km away

Phase III c Blue stones rearranged The inner circle and horseshoe were changed 3 times.

Today 800,000 people visit Stonehenge every year.Thousands of people come to see the Summer Solstice (sunrise on June 21). Stonehenge is protected for the future.

WEBQUESTANCIENT MONUMENTS

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Worksheet 2

Place What is it? How old is it? What was it for?

The Avenue An earthwork monument 3km long

2600–1100 BC Maybe it was a ceremonial approach way or it was used to drag the Blue stones.

The Cursus A 3 km long rectangular earthwork

Neolithic 3100 BC Maybe it was for sporting events or a special road for bringing the dead to Stonehenge

King’s Barrow Round and long barrows (burial mounds)

Early bronze age and Neolithic

Cemetery

Vespasian’s camp Hill fort Iron Age Protection

Woodhenge Circles of wooden poles with a bank and ditch

2300–2000BC Religious site

Worksheet 3 1 bone tools 2 4 tons 3 by sea and river by dragging 4 50 tons 5 20 miles 6 600 7 Late Neolithic people Beaker people 8 a place to bury the dead 9 5000 BC 10 24011 Rulers (men and women)12 thrown into rivers left in the wild

Worksheet 4 1 6000km 2 2000 years ago 3 In the Ming dynasty 4 to keep northern invaders like the Mongols out 5 Emperor Qin 6 earth stone

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Written by Susan Lea-Wilson. © Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2008.

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7 brick 8 200 years 9 164410 800,00011 The Wall can be seen from space The Wall can’t be seen from the moon

Worksheet 5 1 True 2 True 3 False 4 True 5 False 6 False 7 True 8 True 9 False10 True11 True

Worksheet 6 1 False 2 True 3 False 4 True 5 False 6 True 7 True 8 False 9 False10 True

Worksheet 7 1 Holy City 2 Near Siem Reap in North East Cambodia 3 It’s the largest religious structure in the world 4 120 sq miles 5 About 1000 6 No, some are Buddhist 7 3 times bigger 8 750,000 9 12th century10 On the fl ag of Cambodia11 The Khmer empire12 King Suryavarman II13 A funeral temple to hold his remains14 Mount Meru15 A moat

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16 To represent the waters of the cosmos (universe) and to produce rice17 518 Sandstone without cement19 Gods, men and animals

Worksheet 8Where is Teotihuacan?

In a valley 45kms from Mexico City

When did the Aztecs discover it?

14th century

When was it started? 100 BC

How many people lived there?

125,000–250,000

How big an area did it cover?

20 sq km

Which groups did the people there belong to ?

The Toltecs and Mexicas.

What are the most important features?

The pyramids of the Sun and Moon and the Causeway of the Dead between them.

What job did most of the people do?

Farming

What were the houses made from?

Stone, adobe and wood.

What gods are shown in the paintings and sculptures?

Gods of Rain, Water, the Sun and Moon and Quetzacoatl, the snake god with feathers.

Why did people stop living there?

There was a big fi re in 700 AD. Maybe invaders started it.

What was found inside the pyramid of the Moon?

Many dead bodies of humans and animals.

Documents

Worksheet 1 Stonehenge, The United Kingdom