WorkShop Audace

INSA ROUEN8 juin 2012

JEDEC standards for product level qualification

Global Standards for the Microelectronics Industry

Christian Gautier

Content

JEDEC overview

Environmental reliability stress test description

• JESD47H “Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits”

Physical Failure Modes per Stress Test & Acceleration factor

• JEP 122 “Failure Mechanisms and Models for Semiconductor Devices”

3

JEDEC (Joint Electron Device Engineering Council)

Independent semiconductor engineering trade organization

Founded in 1958

300 members companies (semiconductormanufacturers and suppliers)

48 committees and subcommittees

• JC-22 : Diodes and Thyristors

• JC-11 : Mechanical (Package Outlines) Standardization

• JC-15 : Thermal Characterization Techniques for Semiconductor Packages

• JC-25 : Transistors

• JC-14 : Quality and Reliability of Solid State Products

• …

4

Committee JC-14 “Quality and Reliability of Solid State Products”

Responsible for standardizing quality and reliability methodologies for solid state products used in commercial applications such as computers, automobiles, telecommunications equipment, etc,…

5 subcommittees

• JC-14.1 : Reliability Test Methods for Packaged Devices

• JC-14.2 : Wafer-Level Reliability

• JC-14.3 : Silicon Devices Reliability Qualification and Monitoring

• JC-14.4 : Quality Processes and Methods

• JC-14.7 : Gallium Arsenide Reliability and Quality Standards

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Subcommittee JC-14.3 “Silicon Devices Reliability Qualification and Monitoring “

JESD47H .01“Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits”- April 2011

• Baseline set of acceptance tests for use in qualifying electronic components.

• These tests are capable of stimulating and precipitating semiconductor device and packaging failures. The objective is to precipitate failures in an accelerated manner compared to use conditions.

JESD94 “Application Specific Qualification using Knowledge Based Test Methodology” – July 2008

• Provide a method for developing an application specific reliability evaluation methodology

• It assumes that the failure mechanisms and models, relevant to the product being tested, are a known entity

JEP 122G : Failure Mechanisms and Models for Semiconductor Devices – October 2011

• List of failure mechanisms and their associated activation energies or acceleration factors

6

Content

JEDEC overview

Environmental reliability stress test description

• JESD47H “Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits”

Physical Failure Modes per Stress Test & Acceleration factor

• JEP 122 “Failure Mechanisms and Models for Semiconductor Devices”

7

From JESD-94: Application Specific Qualification Using Knowledge Based Test Methodology

Applications

Application Conditions

Operating

Life

(POH)*

Field

Lifetime

(Years)

Environmental

&

Power Cycles

Environmental

Relative

Humidity

Range(% RH)

Environmental

Temperature

Range (°C)

Operational

Temperature Cycle

Range (°C)

Chip Junction

Temperature

(Tj)

Typical/ Max.

(°C)

Device

Nominal

Operating

Voltage

(V)

Desk Top Computer

with Energy Saving

Features

13,000 hr 5 years Main: 1/ day

Mini: 17/ day

Short: 1/ day

10 - 80% 10° - 30°C Main: 20° - 60°C

Mini: 52° - 60 °C

Short : 40° - 60 °C

70°C / 105°C 12.0 V

High End Server 94,000 hr 11 years 4 / year 10 - 80% 10° - 30°C 14° - 55°C 70°C / 105°C 1.2 V

Avionic Electronics

in Cockpit

>150,000 hr ~ 23 years Power: 21,500

2.5 / day

5 - 80% -20° - 50°C 0° - 50°C 70°C / 105°C 3.3V / 5V

Telecom Hand Held 43,800 hr 5 years Talk: 20 / day

Standby/Off: 1/ day

10 - 95% -40° - 40°C Talk: 32° - 70°C

Standby / Off: 30° - 32°C

30°C / 70°C 1.8V / 3.3V

Telecom Uncontrolled 131,000 hr 15 years Talk: 20 / day

Environ: 1/ day

85% -40° - 85°C Power: Δ 85°C

Environ: Δ 25°C

85°C / 110°C 1.2 V

Telecom Controlled 131,000 hr 15 years Talk: 20 / day

Environ: 1/ day

70% 0° - 70°C Power: Δ 85°C

Environ: Δ 6°C

85°C / 110°C 1.2 V

Automotive

Underhood (Grade 0)

8200 hr 15 years Power: 5 / day 0 - 100% -40° - 125°C -40° - 150°C 100°C / 150°C 12.0 V

* POH (Power-On-Hours) value assumes worst case 100 % power-on over the life of the application; actual application use POH may be less

Application Conditions

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Environmental reliability stress test flowJESD47H “Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits”

Preconditioning

Electrical meas. / Inspection*

*Inspection

e.g. SCAT

Thermal cyclingHumidity

Unbiased

Humidity

Biased

Temperature

Unbiased

Finished product

Electrical measurement/Inspection*

Temperature

biased

Electrical measurement/ Inspection*

9

Scope

To assess the sensitivity of non-hermetic packaged solid-state devices, after shipment (environmental stresses), to PCB mounting (hot convection reflow soldering)

Conditions are according to the observed Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)

PCB

PRECON Test JEDEC /JESD22-A113

10

SCAT (option)

Dry Bake (MSL1/2 not needed)

(125°C, 24 hr)

Temp. & Hum. Soak

85°C/85%

168 hrs

30°C/60%

6 hrs

30°C/60%

48 hrs

30°C/60%

96 hrs

30°C/60%

192 hrs

85°C/60%

168 hrs

TMCL (option)

(-40°C/60°C, 5X)

Convection reflow + Flux dip

Electr. M. (option)

SCAT (option)

MSL1 MSL6MSL5MSL4MSL3MSL2

Simulate Temp. changes by transport

Remove all moisture from the package

Simulate Moisture absorption in floor

Simulate soldering process

PRECON Flow

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Scope

This test is conducted to determine the ability of components and solder interconnects to withstand mechanical stresses induced by alternating high- and low-temperature extremes.

- 55 °CAir

125 °CAir

TMCL test(TeMperature CycLing) JEDEC /JESD22- A104

From the spec:

• DTcold =(+0,-10°C)/ DThot =(+15 ,-0°C)

• Visual inspection before and after the test

• Tstress < Tg (glass transition temperature)

12

ScopeThis test method applies primarily to moisture resistance evaluations and robustness testing. Samples are subjected to a condensing or non condensing, highly humid atmosphere under pressure to force moisture into the package to uncover weaknesses such as delamination and metallization corrosion

From the spec:

• DT= +/- 2°C and DH= +/-5%

• Condensed water ( 1M/cm) NOT allowed to fall onto the specimen

• Contamination control is important : - cabinets: regular cleaning

- handling: suitable handcovering

• Tstress < Tg (glass transition temperature)

PPOT/UHST test JEDEC/JESD22-A118/A102

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Accelerated intrusion of moisture

towards electrochemically sensitive areas(e.g. die surface: bond pad corrosion)

through the surrounding moulding compound

or directly via gaps, cracks and delaminated areas(as a result of Precon)

Moisture

Effect of PPOT/UHST

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Scope

To evaluate the reliability of non-hermetic packaged solid-state devices in humid environments where temperature, humidity, and bias accelerate the penetration of moisture

From the spec:

• DT= +/- 2°C and DH= +/-5%

• Contamination control is important!

• Read point measurements (for all hum. tests):

- 48 hr (144 hr in sealed moisture bags)

Test THB/HAST JEDEC/ JESD22 -A101/110

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Humidity

Accelerated intrusion of moisture & drift of impurities; extra driving force: E-field

towards electrochemically sensitive areas; extra driving force: V(e.g. die surface: bond pad corrosion)

through the surrounding moulding compound

or directly via gaps, cracks and delaminated areas(as a result of Precon)

V

-

--

++

+Emax = V / dmin

Effect of THB/HAST

16

Scope

To asses the endurance of IC products when exposed to ahigh temperature for a long time period

HTSL test JEDEC/ JESD22-A103

From the spec:

• DT =(-0,+10°C)

• Read point measurements before 168 hours +

visual inspection before and after test

17

Scope

This test is used to determine the effects of biasconditions and temperature on solid state devicesover time.

It simulates the devices operating condition in anaccelerated way.

HTOL test JEDEC/JESD22-A108

From the spec:

• DT =+/-5°C• Read point measurements before 168 hours (96 hours if V>10V)

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Environmental Tests & Conditions

Environmental Stress Test

Abbr. Specification Stress Conditions Requirements

Preconditioning PRECONJESD22-A113 per MSL,

1/2(a)/3/4/5(a)/6passlevel

Temperature Cycling Test

TMCL JESD22-A104-65°C to +150°C,

Unbiased (condition C)

500 cls3 x 0/25

Pressure Cooker test

PPOTJESD22-A102 121°C, 100 % RH,

Unbiased96 hr

3 x 0/25

Unsaturated Pressure Cooker

UHSTJESD22-A118 130°C, 85% RH,

Unbiased96 hr

3 x 0/25

Temperature Humidity Bias

THB JESD22-A10185°C, 85% RH,

Biased1000 hr3 x 0/25

Highly Accelerated Stress Test

HAST JESD22-A110130°C, 85% RH,

Biased96 hr

3 x 0/25

High Temperature Storage Test

HTSL JESD22-A103 150°C1000 hr3 x 0/25

High Temperature Operating Life

HTOL JESD22-A108150°C (junction),

Biased1000 hr3 x 0/77

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• Heller 1700EXL Convection Reflow

• Oven with 7 temperature zone

PRECON : Hot convection reflow

20

Temperature cycling system test

-70

-55

-40

-25

-10

5

20

35

50

65

80

95

110

125

140

0 15 30 45 60

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Time (minutes)

Package temp

Cycles

• 2 chambers oven (air to air)

• Transfer time between chambers : 10 s

• Rapid Thermal Variation within cold

chamber with ramps up to 20°C/mn

• Regulation : +/- 1 °C

• Net volume : 350 dm3

21

• Conditions : up to 160°C/up to 100%HR

• Regulation : +/- 0.1 °C & +/- 0.1%HR

• Net volume : up to 30 dm3

HAST/Autoclave systemTest

22

Temperature/Humidity system test

• Conditions : up to 180°C/up to 95%HR

• Regulation : +/- 0.3 °C & +/- 2%HR

• Net volume : up to 540 dm3

23

Temperature system test

• Condition : up to 200°C

• Regulation : +/- 1 °C

• Net volume : up to 700 dm3

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Content

JEDEC overview

Environmental reliability stress test description

• JESD47H “Stress-Test-Driven Qualification of Integrated Circuits”

Physical Failure Modes per Stress Test & Acceleration factor

• JEP 122 “Failure Mechanisms and Models for Semiconductor Devices”

25

Coffin-Manson model

AF : Acceleration Factor

DTstress : Temperature swing during stress test

DTuse : Temperature swing during use

q : Coffin Manson exponent; failure mechanism dependent

• This model can be used to calculate life times for known failure mechanisms at use conditions, and to compare different stress conditions

• The temperature ranges must be corrected for the stress-free temperature range

q

use

stress

T

TAF

D

D

Acceleration by DT / Temperature cycling

26

Acceleration by DT / Coffin-Manson exponent

(JEP 122)

27

Acceleration by T / Dry heat test

stressuseB

act

TTk

EAF

11exp

Arrhenius model :

AF Acceleration factorEact Activation energy; failure mechanism dependentTstress Temperature during stress testTuse Temperature during usekB Boltzmann’s constant = 8.62 x 10-5 eV/K

28

Peck model

f(V) Unknown function of voltage

AF Acceleration Factor

RHstress Relative humidity during stress test

RHuse Relative humidity during use

Eact Activation energy; failure mechanism dependent

Tstress Temperature during stress test

Tuse Temperature during use

kB Boltzmann’s constant = 8.62 x 10-5 eV/K

n Peck exponent; failure mechanism dependent

stressuseB

actn

use

stress

T

1

T

1

k

Eexp

RH

RHVfAF

Acceleration by RH, T, V / Damp heat test

29

f(V) =C(onstant), corrosion rate determined by electrochemical potential

E-field, corrosion rate determined by ionic transport

Failure Mechanism Exponent Activation Energy (eV) Reference

Aluminum corrosion when

chlorides are present2.7 0.7-0.8 JEP122

stressuseB

actn

use

stress

T

1

T

1

k

Eexp

RH

RHVfAF

Acceleration by RH, T, V / Peck exponent

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Solder flow out

Delamination

Change in body flatness

Internal package crack

Popcorn gap

31

Examples of Mechanical Failure Modes // PRECON

External package crack

Solder fatigue/ ball crack

Delamination

Wire break

Passivation crack

Die crack

32

Examples of Thermo Mechanical Failure Modes // TMCL

TMCL: solder ball crack (JEP 122)

Ductile solder fatigue-induced crack network

33

TMCL: die crack (JEP 122)

Brittle failure (Si fracture)

34

TMCL: passivation crack (JEP 122)

Brittle failure (top-side passivation fracture)

35

TMCL: delamination & solder fatigue cracking (JEP122)

Interfacial delamination

36

Dry corrosion

Dendrite formation & leakage

37

Examples of Moisture Related Failure Modes

Aluminum bond pad corrosion

(JEP 122)

Electrochemical migration between leads on a QFP

(JEP 122)

Dry corrosion

Stress voiding

Tin whiskers

38

Examples of Storage Related Failure Modes // HTSL

Metal lines with Al SM voids (JEP 122)

Higher magnification of

Al SM voids (JEP 122)

HTSL : Tin whiskers growing (JEP122)

39

Electromigration

Oxide breakdown

40

Examples of HTOL Related Failure Modes

EM void in a Cu line under a via

(JEP 122)

Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown

gate oxide (JEP 122)

THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION