UNIT 7: BiotechnologyLevel 1-10 point activities Level 2-15 point

activitiesLevel 3-20 point activities

Objective 3.3.1o I can explain the

production of a DNA fingerprint from DNA extraction, to restriction digestion, to gel electrophoresis

o I can model the process of producing a DNA fingerprint (online or paper/pencil)

o I can interpret a DNA fingerprint in crime scene and paternity applications

DNA Fingerprint Reading and practice (see attachment)

DNA fingerprint- write a Maury Povich show script (see attachment)

Write a news article (¾ page) explaining the process of DNA fingerprinting and how it is used in the justice system. Refer to the Innocence Project (see attachment or research) to explain the importance of DNA evidence in criminal cases and how it is changing the court of law.

Objective 3.3.2o I can explain the

production of a transgenic organism containing a desired gene

o I can model the process of producing a transgenic organism (online or cut/paste)

o I can describe the applications of genetic engineering in agriculture, industry and medicine

Rube Goldberg-Gene Machine (see attachment)

a. Word Splash (see attachment)

b. Genetic Engineering Concept Map (see attachment)

Restriction Enzyme Paper Lab (see attachment)

Objective 3.3.3o I can describe the purpose

of the Human Genome Project as locating and sequencing genes on human chromosomes

o I can explain how the HGP has led to genetic screening and the development of gene therapy for certain genetic disorders

o I can evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of genetic engineering, gene therapy, and stem cell research

Biotechnology Section Review from the “Passing the NC READY EOC” p. 132-142 (from workbook or see attachment)

a. A matter of opinion-genetics cartoon (see attachment)

b. Let’s clone a mouse! (see attachment)

a. Stem Cell Research Writing Assignment (see attachment)

b. Tic Tac Toe Menu option (see attached)

Vocabulary: Human Genome Project; gene therapy; Genomics; biotechnology; stem cell research; gene therapy; genetically modified organisms; transgenic organisms, agriculture, plasmid

a. Cut pictures or words from magazines or newspapers that represent the meaning of the vocabulary words.b. Create a graffiti or drawing of each word to show its meaning.c. Create flashcards with a definition and picture.

a. Pretend you are the teacher. Create a “quiz” about the vocabulary words (must include answer key).b. Create a crossword puzzle or wordsearch (don’t list words, provide hints of words to search for) MUST INCLUDE ANSWER KEYc. Create Frayer model flashcards

a. Create an analogy poster to go with your vocabulary words. b. Create a rap, song, or poem using the vocabulary words.c. Using technology come up with your own idea for presenting your vocabulary words (story, children’s picture dictionary, Quizlet, concept map, etc).

Maury Povich show scriptPretend you are Maury Povich and the following 2 couples have come to your show to determine whether or not the baby mama cheated on her husband. Write a school appropriate (no cursing!) script in which Maury explains DNA fingerprinting and the results to these 2 couples, announcing whether or not the man is the father of each child. Beware, there is a shocker for both parents in one of these couples!!!

Couple 1 Couple 2

RESTRICTION ENZYME PAPER LAB

Discussion Activities

Activity 1: Restriction EnzymesThe following restriction enzyme, EcoR1, has a recognition sequence in bacterial DNA of GAATTC, both forward and backward, depending on the strand. The enzyme cuts this sequence between the G and A : G AATTCThe other strand will have the same sequence, going in the opposite direction, and is called a pallindromic sequence. CTTAA G

Other examples of palindromes in the English language could include:Direction of one sequence EYE, MADAM, MOM, DAD

EYE, MADAM, MOM, DAD

1. Given the following sequence of DNA, identify with an arrow the places where the EcoR1restriction enzyme will cut.5' T T G C C G A A C C G A A T T C T T G G T A G G A T C G A A T T C C C A A G A 3'3' A AC G G C T T G G C T T A A G A A C C A T C C T A G C T T A A G G G T T C T 5'

2. Locate the first arrow in the 5'–3' direction. Extend the point of the arrow in the horizontal direction moving between the complementary bases until you reach the point of the arrow found in the complementary 3'–5' strand. Using scissors cut the zigzag line. Repeat this procedure for the next cut site found in the 5'–3' strand. You should now have three pieces of DNA. All pieces will have what is known as “sticky ends.”

3. The fragment in the middle with two sticky ends would most probably be chopped up by other restriction enzymes. The other two fragments each have one sticky end, and this would allow the sticky end from the 5'–3' direction to complementarily base pair with the sticky end from the 3'–5' direction. Bacteria have hundreds of enzymes recognizing different sequences, which in turn would continue to cut the viral DNA fragments into smaller and smaller pieces.

4. Using tape, glue the sticky end from each of the other two fragments. The glue that seals the sticky ends together is another enzyme called ligase. Do you see that the same restriction enzyme, EcoR1, can re-enter and make further cuts?

5. Now that you understand how restriction enzymes can be used to cut DNA fragments, what gene would you want to insert into human DNA? Explain the protein/trait it codes for and how it would be beneficial to the human species.

Genetic Engineering Concept Map1. Genetic engineering is the modification of DNA.Modification means changing, such as adding or removingparts of the DNA sequence.2. Genetic engineering may be used to produce atransgenic organism (an organism containing foreignDNA) to use in gene therapy or gene cloning.3. Genetic engineering can be used for several applications:a. Genetic engineering to create a transgenic organism.i. Restriction enzymes are used to cleave theforeign DNA source in order to isolate thedesired gene. For example, removing theinsulin gene from human DNA.ii. The same restriction enzyme is used to cleavethe vector (which may be a bacterialplasmid). A vector is the structure used tocarry the foreign DNA.

iii. The foreign DNA fragment (the desired gene)and the vector are combined/splicedtogether. The combination is possible for tworeasons. First, DNA is similar in allorganisms. Second, the same restrictionenzyme is used on both samples of DNA.iv. The combined DNA (called recombinantDNA) is inserted into the host (which maybe a bacteria cell). The host cell willcopy/clone the recombinant DNA as itreproduces and will produce the protein (suchas insulin) from the desired gene duringprotein synthesis.

Biotechnology Reading Comprehension Questions from Passing the NC READY EOC p. 132-1421. What is the commercial application of biological projects commonly called?

a. Illegal b. biotechnology c. unethical d. agricultural2. How does biotechnology use viruses or bacteria

a. As a carrier to insert a desired DNA segment into an organism c. To copy a specific antigenb. To respond to and destroy cancer cells in humans d. To produce proteins for human

consumption3. Strawberries have been created to resist the harmful effects of frost. This is an application of what?

a. genetic engineering b. gene therapy c. DNA fingerprintingd. cloning4. A person with a defect in one gene that codes for a specific protein could be a candidate for which

biotechnology?a. Cloning b. DNA fingerprintingc. gene therapy d. protein injections

5. How long have humans used biotechnology to create organisms with desirable characteristics?a. the last 50 years b. hundreds of years c. the last 10 years d. thousands of years

6. What are the three main sources of stem cells?a. Karyotypes, gel electrophoresis and pedigree c. Adult bone marrow, umbilical cords and embryosb. Parenchymal tissues, xylem and phloem d. Bone marrow, umbilical cords and phloem

7. Which source of stem cells is the most controversial?a. Bone marrow b. umbilical c. phloem d. embryonic

8. What was one goal of the Human Genome Project?a. To label and identify the function of human genes c. To diagnose and cure diseases

b. To create healthier and tastier food products d. To alter the human genome to create superior people

9. What is one main concern with transgenic crops?a. Who owns the rights to these crops? c. Is it moral to genetically alter animal

species?b. Will these crops cross pollinate with wild populations? d. What will happen to undesirable

characteristics?10. A police officer is at a crime scene collecting samples of blood, hair and skin. What is the officer

probably going to do with the samples?a. The officer is cleaning the crime scene based on protocol.b. The officer is keeping samples to be filed with the police report.c. The officer is going to have the samples analyzed for possible DNA fingerprints.d. The officer will show them to the victim’s family, the judge and the prosecutor.

11. What does each band in a gel electrophoresis represent?a. A DNA fragment b. a different DNA sample c. the charge on a DNA strand d. the electric

current12. What is used to cut DNA into fragments in a gel electrophoresis?

a. Enzymes b. lysosomes c. cell membrane d. ATP13. A slight mutation on a single gene causes a rare genetic disorder. Which analyzing technique is most

likely used to diagnose this disorder?a. Karyotype b. pedigree c. DNA fingerprintingd. medical history

14. The medical industry is helped by technologya. Through the development of better treatments and drugs c. through the more effective disposal of

wastesb. By better helping people deal with the loss of loved onesd. through the better care for healthy

members of society15. What is the term for genetically altered DNA?

a. Restricted b. fingerprinted c. recombinant d. monoclonal16. What is the last step in bacterial transformation?

a. Grow the bacteria b. collect the product c. insert DNA into the plasmid d. Get the bacteria to take the plasmid

17. Which biotechnology is the oldest?a. Cloning b. selective breeding c. bacterial transformation d. gene

therapy

Biotechnology Section Review Answer Sheet (if desired)–Passing the NC READY EOC p. 132-142Name______________________

Part 1: Define the following terms. Biotechnology Recombinant DNA Gene therapy Stem cell Genome Cloning Selective breeding Human Genome Project (HGP) Biotechnology ethics

Part 2: Select the best answers for “Biotechnology Reading Comprehension Questions ( above )” and record them

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Part 3: Answer the following in complete sentences (at least 3 for each question). You may write on the back if necessary.

1. How is genetically modified food beneficial to farmers? How can it be harmful?

2. Give an example of an advantage in biotechnology that you have heard about in the news or read about in this chapter. Explain the benefits of the application of biotechnology as well as possible negative effects.

3. What are the ethical issues relating to cloning and stem cell research? What logical arguments do you have for/against each one? Provide evidence for your opinion from the reading, articles you have read or previous knowledge.

TIC-TAC-TOE MENU1. Investigate the discovery of the

DNA molecule and the gains in genetic research that have taken place since the basic discovery of DNA. Then jump into a time machine and scramble them up a bit. How could you influence the time line for the better or for worse? How would the scientific community and the technologies we have now be changed? At the end of your time travels you come back to the present time and start your

2. There are a lot of misconceptions related to the field of genetics. Develop five questions about DNA or an area of genetics research. Type them out on a questionnaire and ask 20 to 30 people to write down their answers anonymously. Research the answers to your own questions and compare the answers of your participants to the correct answers to identify the top three misconceptions. Then

3. In some circumstances people consult a Genetics Counselor or Geneticists to determine the likely hood of a baby being born with a certain family trait or condition. Sometimes they consult them to diagnose a condition after a person shows signs of a condition. Two of the tools that can help in these circumstances are karyotyping and pedigrees. Research both Karyotypes and Pedigrees and make a pamphlet to compare and contrast

own research what will you do? Present the tale of your adventures in an illustrated book or video.

create a poster to identify the misconception and the correction to the misconception.

their usefulness, the type of information gained in each, the process involved in each, and the circumstances where each would be appropriate. Include a section on the role of Genetic Counselors.

4. If all living organisms have DNA and that DNA is made up of the same A’s, T’s, C’s, and G’s, then isn’t it possible that some organisms have their nucleotides in the same order forming the same genes? This is the concept behind comparative genomics. Research this topic and explain what scientists have discovered and what they hope to do with this information. How could comparing DNA of two different organisms be beneficial to humans? If you were a Geneticist doing this type of work what two organisms would you compare and why? Forecast where you think this research may lead.

5. You might have heard something about the Human Genome Project. But what are the details? Who did it? Why did they do it? How did they do it? What did they do? How much did it cost? What did they do with it when it was done? What did they do next? What are they doing now? So what effect could it have on you? How could it be expanded to do more? Find out all of the answers to these questions and any questions you might have and then present the material in an original presentation of your choice.

6. Scientists frequently create models of molecules to help them understand how they function. Construct an original model of the DNA molecule. The model must include all parts of each nucleotide. It must accurately show the bonds of the complementary base pairs. It must be in the correct helical formation and must accurately show the anti parallel nature of the two strands. Create an information card to go with your model that explains the model and compares and contrasts it with an actual DNA molecule.

7. There is an X-Prize challenge to sequence 100 human genomes in ten days for less than ten thousand dollars each. The goal of this prize is to drive private research to make genome sequencing faster and more affordable. Investigate the current processes and technology that are used to sequence genomes. Can the average person have their genome sequenced? Why would a person want their genome sequenced? What is Personalized Medicine? How is it connected to this X-Prize challenge? Create your own one to two minute commercial with you as the star to explain Personalized Medicine and how we will get there.

8. Genetically Modified Foods are sometimes mentioned in the news. Do your own investigating and write a story for your school news paper about the subject. What types of foods are genetically modified? Summarize the process of creating a genetically modified food? Are there government regulations related to genetically modified foods? Determine the purpose of genetically modifying a crop. Analyze the benefits and the risks.

9. These days most people know something about cancer and many people’s lives have been touched in some way by this disease. In several cancers the doctors will do a genetic test to see if a person is at risk to develop a particular form of cancer. Investigate the genetic nature of cancer and explain the connection between genes and cancer development. Would you want to know if you had a gene for cancer? Why or why not? Present your research in the form of an original essay giving credit to your sources.

Stem Cell Research Writing Assignment

You are a famous scientist doing crucial work in your lab that requires the use of Embryonic Stem Cells. Due to your brilliant mind, quick wit, charming personality and devilish good looks your colleagues have asked you to spearhead a letter writing campaign to the President arguing for funding and availability of embryonic stem cells.

Your letter should include the following points:

The unique properties make stem cells important for research (at least 3) The major differences between adult and embryonic stem cells (at least 3) How you would or could use embryonic stem cells in the scientific community (at least 3 examples) Evidence or examples that support you opinion/stance on embryonic stem cell use (at least 3)

Your letter should be a polished, persuasive, and respectful argument in an appropriate professional format.

- OR -

You are a famous scientist doing crucial work in your lab that uses ONLY Adult Stem Cells; you believe that Embryonic Stem Cells are an unnecessary loss of life and therefore should not be used in the scientific research community. You have been asked by an outside group to write a letter to Congress that reflects your view and persuades them that Adult Stem Cells have just as much scientific value as Embryonic Stem Cells and therefore should be the only type of Stem Cells funded for scientific research.

Your letter should include the following points:

The unique properties make stem cells important for research (at least 3) The major differences between adult and embryonic stem cells (at least 3) How you would or could use adult stem cells in the scientific community (at least 3 examples) Evidence or examples that support you opinion/stance on adult cell use (at least 3)

Your letter should be a polished, persuasive, and respectful argument in an appropriate professional format.

Guidelines for Successful Completion of this Assignment

1. Cover each of the requirements listed above.2. Use all the information gathered to develop your opinion and support it by evidence and/or examples.3. Check each paragraph for proper use of language (grammar, spelling etc)4. Check for overall clarity and organization – ensure that the paragraphs are logical, and that they have a clear topic and

flow smoothly.5. Revisit the rubric below to ensure that you have completed the task and met all criteria.6. Type, spell-check and proofread your letter! 7. Avoid any kind of plagiarism

Grading Rubric

Differences between adult and embryonic stem cells (at least 3) – 25 pts The potential uses of human embryonic/adult stem cells in the scientific community (at least 3) – 25 ptsYour opinion/stance is supported by evidence and/or examples (at least 3) – 25 ptsYour letter is written in proper professional format - 10 ptsYour letter is persuasive and written in a clear, concise manner - 15 pts

TOTAL: 100 points

Additional Resources for your use:your textbook Ch. 10- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3302/06.html- http://www.stemcellresearch.org- http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics7.asp- http://stemcelss.nih.gov/info/scireport/2006report.htm