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Workshop on International Trade of Fresh Fruit
and Vegetables: The role of Standards and
Quality Inspection systems
20-21 November 2017
Bangkok, Thailand
Dr. Ulrike Bickelmann Federal Office for Agriculture and Food, Germany
International Standards for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
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Why Marketing Standards?
Trade develops standards
To define clear quality
To provide uniform quality although different producers and suppliers may be involved
To allow trade without previous inspection of the produce
To have a basis for contracts
4
Production
Harvest
Uniform Offer
Preparation
Storage
Transportation
Export
Marketing Standards
Import
5
Marketing Standards Create Markets
Minimum quality
Transparency
Consumers‘ satisfaction
Inspection Creates Confidence
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Marketing Standards and Governments
Establishment of legally binding / obligatory standards
Definition of scope of standards (marketing stages)
Supervision that standards are respected
Cooperation with international standard setting bodies
Respecting International Agreements such as WTO-TBT = Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
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Quality of Agricultural Produce
Basic requirements of European Union
Safety, hygiene, identity, residues, environment etc.
Quality requirements of European Union
Marketing standards
Definition of (basic) product quality
Protection and information of consumers
Guarantee fair competition and market transparency
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Regulations of European Union
Marketing standards are obligatory at all stages of marketing
The holder/seller of the produce is responsible for respecting the
marketing standards
The produce must be sound, fair and marketable
10 specific marketing standards
1 general marketing standard
Option to apply UNECE standards
as an equivalent to the general marketing standard.
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EU Specific Marketing Standards
10
Specific Marketing Standards
I. Definition of produce
II. Provisions on quality
- Minimum requirements - Maturity requirements - Classification (Extra, I, II)
III. Sizing
IV. Tolerances
V. Presentation
VI. Marking / labelling
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All marketed fruit and vegetables
minus the species covered by the 10 specific marketing standards
EU General Marketing Standard
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General Marketing Standards
1. Minimum quality
2. Minimum maturity
3. Tolerances
4. Marking / labelling
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EU ↔ UNECE Standards
Fruit and vegetables not covered by a specific marketing standard
shall conform to the general marketing standard. However, where the
holder is able to show that the products are in conformity with any
applicable standards adopted by the United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE), they shall be considered as
conforming to the general marketing standard.
UNECE Standards
are product specific
provide provisions on classification, sizing and presentation
http://www.unece.org/trade/agr/standard/fresh/ffv-standardse.html
14 14
International Standard Setting
UNECE Codex
Alimentarius
Commission
European
Union
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Economic Commission
for Europe
Regional Commissions of the United Nations
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UNECE = only Regional Commission of the United Nations
developing agricultural standards for trade
All UN Member states participate in the work
ECLAC ECA
UNECE
ESCAP ESCWA
Agricultural Quality and the United Nations
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UNECE Working Party of Agricultural Quality
Standards (WP.7)
Fresh Fruit and
vegetables
Dry and dried
Produce
Seed
potatoes
Meat
UNECE Specialized Sections
UNECE Steering Committee on Trade Capacity and Standards
United Nations Economic and Social Council
United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe
United Nations General Assembly
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UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards
– Quality for Trade – Since 1946
In UNECE, impact of food quality on trade and economic development was fully recognized after WWII
RESULT
development of an internationally agreed uniform framework (standard format) defining quality criteria
PURPOSE
define the quality requirements at the all marketing stages after preparation and packaging
SCOPE
produce intended for direct consumption, NOT for industrial processing.
ensure transparency in trade and good, nutrious eating quality
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HOW UNECE STANDARDS ARE DEVELOPED
Demand-driven
Inclusive and open development and adoption process
○ All UN member countries participate with the same rights
○ Input comes from all parties involved
Public and private sector
Producing, exporting and importing countries
at all stages
evaluation before standards are adopted
○ Cooperation with all other international organizations
Flexible, inter-active, responsive process (revisions when needed)
○ Standards are adapted to reflect emerging new varieties or changing
producing, marketing, trading and regulatory conditions
○ Standards can be revised at any moment per request
○ Decisions are taken on a consensus basis
Rapporteurs prepare /
amend text
Specialized Section
discusses
text in detail
Working Party
adopts the final text as
a standard
adopts the proposed text
for trial
UNECE Recommendation trial period ( 1 - 2 years )
UNECE
Standard
Specialized Section and
Working Party agree to
create / revise a standard
Text for
adoption
or revision
Developing a standard
Working Party
Specialized
Section
recommends
adoption or trial
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Fresh fruit and vegetables, nuts, dried
fruit, meat, eggs, seed potatoes
Over 800 experts involved
Over 100 voluntary marketing/quality
standards
Explanatory guides
Standards and guidelines
• help with the grading of produce
• ensure uniform interpretation
• reduce risk of rejection
• help resolve disputes
• provide guidance
(disease guides, terms used,
coding references)
for producers, traders, buyers,
inspectors
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Creating
international best
practice
UNECE
STANDARDS
EU GOVERNMENT OECD
National
Standard
EU
Regulation
Explanatory
Brochures
PRIVATE
SECTOR
Reference in
Contracts
Implementing
UNECE
Standards
Co-operation of
International Standard Setting Organisations
Standards Standards Brochures
2013/24
Standards today
fresh fruit and vegetables 60 standards 4 explanatory brochure sweet peppers, chilli peppers, pineapples, persimmons
Glossary of terms
dry and dried produce 23 standards 3 explanatory brochure inshell walnuts, walnut kernels, whole dried chilli peppers
UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards (WP.7)
Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Work in progress
Possible new structure of standard for citrus fruit
Items that impact on UNECE work as a result of
decisions taken by the Codex Committee on FFV
Check standards for provisions provoking
unnecessary food waste
Standard Layout: quality tolerances, general
amendments related to food waste, indication of
importer as an alternative to exporter
Review list of varieties for table grapes
Baseline quality requirements
Code of good handling practice of FFV
Any further requests to be submitted by
end-February 2018 to the Secretariat
UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards (WP.7)
Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Capacity building
Regional workshops
Funded by countries or specific trust funds
Organised by secretariat
National experts
UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards (WP.7)
Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Report of the
65th session
2 to 5 May 2017 in Geneva
Document: ECE/CTCS/WP.7/GE.1/2017/2
attended by 23 countries:
Albania, Austria, Brazil, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
observers: Commission of the European Union, FAO/WHO, OECD
guests: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
UNECE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards (WP.7)
Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Chair
Dr. Ulrike Bickelmann (Germany)
Vice-Chair
Dr. Kristina Mattsson (Sweden)
Head, Agricultural Quality Standards Unit
Liliana Annovazzi-Jakab (UNECE)
29
http://www.unece.org/trade/agr/standard/fresh/ffv-standardse.html
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European Union
Member states and Commission of European Union take part at the meetings of the Specialized Sections and of the Working Party for Agricultural Quality
Specific marketing standards of EU are based on respective UNECE standard
Any amendment of UNECE standards is reflected in the respective specific marketing standard
Regulation on quality control
Implements the OECD inspection method
Refers to OECD explanatory material
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Legislation in EU – Example Germany
EU-Commission
Regulations on Standards
Regulations on Inspection
Federal Government in Germany
Federal competence
Disorders
Punishments
Governments of the Federal States
Competent authority
Fees
International standards and brochures
are voluntary
are taken as reference in (international) trade
Why should countries participate?
to support their stakeholders interest
to develop and agree on harmonized
international standards, explanatory material
and inspection methods
to develop the basis of national standards
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and Now Time for Your Questions …
International Standards for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
