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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND ................................................... 1-1

1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................... 1-11.2. PROPOSED WORKS FOR BP1 -THE AIZAWL BYPASS . .................................. 1-1

1.3. IMPACTS ENVISAGED AND THE CORRIDOR OF IMPACT . .............................. 1-4

1.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................... 1-6

1.5. THE STUDY METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 1-6

1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................................................... 1-7

2.' POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK . .............................. 2-1

2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCIES .......................................................... 2-12.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS ............ 2-1

2.3. GOI/GOM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 2-22.4. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 2-2

3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... 3-1

3.1. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 3-1

3.2. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... 3-1

3.3. WATER RESOURCES ..................................................................... 3-4

3.4. AIR AND NOISE QUALITY ..................................................................... 3-53.4.1. Air Quality ..................................................................... 3-53.4.2. Noise Quality ..................................................................... 3-7

3.5. FLORA / BIO - DIVERSITY ..................................................................... 3-7

3.6. BIO-DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT ALONG BP1 (AIZAWL BY-PASS) ROAD ............................. 3-83.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT IMPACTED VILLAGES .......................... 3-8

3.7.1. Demographic Profile .............................................................. 3-93.7.2. Literacy .............................................................. 3-93.7.3. Economic and Social Development Pattern . ................................... 3-10

3.8. BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION ................... 3-103.8.1. Baseline Survey of PAPs .............................................................. 3-103.8.2.. Classification of PAHs by Occupation .. 3-113.8.3. Income Profile ..................... 3-11

3.9. CULTURAL PROPERTIES ..................... 3-11

Criginol Document by iCT & CES;evised cnd UPdcted by LASA

MizorCm Stote Roods Project Phase-liEIA & EMP for AiZOwi Byposs. June 2003

4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................... 4-1

4.1. LEVELOFANALYSIS ...................................................... 4-14.2. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE BYPASS ALIGNMENT ........................................... 4-14.3. MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ALONG OPTION 3(A) ..4-5

5. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION .. 5-1

5.1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 5-15.2. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS ...................................................... ,5-1

5.2.1. Objective ..................................................... 5-15.2.2. The Process ..................................................... 5-15.2.3. Issues Raised During Consultations ..................................................... 5-2

5.3. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION ..................................................... 5-45.4. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAMME ......................................... 5-5

5.4.1. Information Disclosure ..................................................... 5-55.4.2. Continued Consultation ..................................................... 5-5

6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................... 6-1

6.1. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................ 6-16.1.1. Destabilization of slopes and soil erosion ........................................ 6-16.1.2. Loss of Productive Soil ........................................ 6-26.1.3. Impacts due to quarrying and borrowing Operations .......................................... 6-2

6.2. IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES ..................................................... 6-26.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY .................................................... 6-3

6.4. IMPACTS ON NOISE QUALITY .................................................... 6-46.5. LOSS OF FLORA / B10-DIVERSITY ................................................... 6-46.6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS ................................................... 6-46.7. IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES .. ............................... 6-6

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ................... 7-1

7.1. COMPONENTS ............................................................... 7-17.2. MITIGATION MEASURES: ............................................................... 7-1

7.2.1. Slope Stabilization ...................... ,,.. 7-17.2.2. Soil Erosion .................... 7-17.2.3. Water Resources ............................ , , , , , , . .. 7-127.2.4. Air Quality ...................................................... 7-137.2.5. Noise Quality .7-...................,.,,.,,,,,,, 7-157.2.6. Ecological Environment ............................. 7-17

Originol Doc ument by ICT & CES jiRevised and Upcctec by LASA

Mizorom State Roods Project Phase-l1EIA & EMP for Aizowl Bypass. June 2003

7.3. CLEARANCES REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BY THE CONTRACTOR .................................... 7-197.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT PLAN ....................................................... ,,,,,,,,,,... 7-19

7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ....................................................... ,,,... 7-277.6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET ...................................... 7-30

8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .8-1

8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD . . 8-1

8.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS .. 8-18.2.1. Environmental Cell. PIU .8-3

8.3. REPORTING SYSTEM .. 8-7

8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD . .8-8

Crigincl Doc uner. by ICT & CES iiiRevised and Upcdted cy LASA WE VW

Mizorom Stote Roads Projec, Phose-llEIA & EA/IP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Project Roads Selected for Study under MSRP ........................................ 1-1

Table 2-1: Regulatory Agencies and their roles ............................... 2-1

Table 2-2: Existing laws applicable for the Project .............................. 2-1

Table 2-3: Status of Clearances for MSRP-1 ........................... 2 ................................... 2-2

Table 2-4: Applicability of World Bank Policies for the Project ................ ................. 2-2Table 3-1: Identified Quarry Locations ................................................... 3-2

Table 3-2: Ponds along the Proposed alignment of the Aizawl Bypass .......... ........ 3-4Table 3-3: Water Quality along Aizawl By-Pass Road ........................................ 3-4

Table 3-4: Sensitive Features along the proposed alignment .................................. 3-5

Table 3-5: Air Quality Data ........................................ 3-5

Table 3-6: Observed Noise Levels ........................................ 3-7

Table 3-7: Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Aizawl By-Pass Road .......... .......... 3-7

Table 3-8: Demographic Profile of Project Impacted Villages, 2001 ....................... 3-9

Table 3-9: Literacy Rate in Project Impacted Villages ............................................... 3-9

Table 3-10: Number of Project Affected Households ................................................ 3-10

Table 3-1 1: Project Affected Persons .................................................. 3-10Table 4-1: Comparison of project options .................................................. 4-3

Table 4-2: Qualitative Environmental analysis of the feasible alternatives ............. 4-4Table 4-3: Analysis of Mitigation Alternatives .................................................. 4-8

Table 5-1: Participation in Consultation Meetings ................................................... 5-2

Table 5-2: Group Discussion Based Issues and Responses .......................... .............. 5-2

Table 5-3: Specific Issues Raised by the Community ................................................. 5-4Table 5-4: Mechanisms for Continued Participation in the Project ............ ............. 5-7Table 6-1: Land Requirement (Area in Sq. Mts) ........................................... ....... 6-5

Table 6-2: Impact on People .................................................. 6-5Table 6-3: Women Headed Households .................................................. 6-6.

Table 7-1: Identified sites for disposal of excess cut material ................... ................ 7-3Table 7-2: Clearances to be obtained by the Contractor ...................... ............... 7-19

Table 7-3: Environmental Management Plan ........................... 7-20

Table 7-4: Environmental Monitoring Plan .......................... 7-28

Table 7-5: Environmental Management Budget for Aizawl Bypass ....................... 7-31

Table 8-1: Desired Monitoring and Reporting Process and Responsibilities ............ 8-7

Table 8-2: Modules for further training during MSRP II ................................................ 8-8

Crig,;c Doc ument ox ICrT s C iv AQev,sea crcq Upootec by LAs-A

Mizorom Stote Rocas Project Phase-ltEIA & EMP for AiZOwl Byposs. June 2003

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION OF PHASE I PROJECT ROADS ................................................ 1-2FIGURE 1.2 LOCATION OF PHASE II PROJECT ROADS .......................... ............ 1-3

FIGURE 1.3 TYPICAL CROSS SECTION ..................................... 1-4

FIGURE 1.4 MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF AIZAWL BYPASS ........................................ 1-5

FIGURE 3.1 QUARRY CHART ................................................ 3-3FIGURE 3.2 FEATURES ALONG THE PROPOSED AIZAWL BYPASS .................................. 3-6

FIGURE 4.1 ALTERNATIVES FOR AIZAWL BYPASS ............................ .................... 4-2FIGURE 4.2 ZEMABAWK END OF AIZAWL BYPASS ................................................ 4-4

FIGURE 4.3 JUNCTION DESIGN FOR OPTION 3(A) WITH NH-54 .................................... 4-6

FIGURE 4.4 LOCATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN RELATION TO BYPASS .................. 4-7

FIG. 4.5 (A) PUSHPAK PRIMARY SCHOOL AT CHAINAGE 0.407 KM ............................. 4-8

FIG. 4.5 (B) SECONDARY SCHOOL AT CHAINAGE 0.8 KM ........................................... 4-8

FIGURE 7.1 (A) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING I.. 7-5

FIGURE 7.1 (B) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING2 . 7-6

FIGURE 7.1 (C) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING3 . 7-7

FIGURE 7.1 (D) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING4 . 7-8

FIGURE 7.1 (E) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING5 . 7-9

FIGURE 7.1 (F) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING6 . 7-10

FIGURE 7.1 (G) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING7 . 7-11

FIGURE 7.2 SILT FENCING ....................................... 7-13

FIGURE 7.3 DESIGNS AND LOCATION OF OIL INTERCEPTOR ...................................... 7-14

FIGURE 7.4 WATER POINT IN CH. 2.200 AT AIZAWL BYPASS ....................................... 7-16FIGURE 7.5 PROPOSED BAMBOO AND BARBED WIRE FENCES .................................. 7-18

FIGURE 8.1 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ....................................... 8-2

originol Document oy ICT & CES v:evised cnd UJpccteC ov L.ASA

Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phase-I1~ EIA & EMP for Aizcwl Byposs. June 2003

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure 3.1: Rare and Endangered Plant Species

Annexure 3.2: Aizawl Bypass (io kms. Altitude: 717-lOlOm) Frequency,

Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre sizequadrate)

Annexure 3.3: Aizawl Bypass (16 kms. Altitude: 717-lOlOm) Frequency,Abundance and Density of Trees

Annexure 3.4: Aizawl Bypass - List of Ethno-Medicinal Plants

Annexure 7. 1: Guidelines for Slope protection works and Bio-EngineeringTechniques to Regenerate Vegetation

Annexure 7.2: Sanitation and House Keeping at the Labour/Construction Camps

Annexure 7.3: Plantation Works

Annexure 7.4: Guidefines on Use of Explosive and Blasting

Annexure 7.5: Cultural Properties Management Plan

Annexure 8.1: Reporting System Formats

Original Document by IcT & CE5 viRevised ond Updated by LASA ga

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1. INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND

1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

Government of Mizoram has sought a loan under the World Bank loan assistanceconstruction, widening, strengthening and maintenance of State Roads network. Onthe basis of the Strategic Options Study (SOS), State Roads that have been identified

for construction, up-gradation and major maintenance works are listed in Table 1-1.The project is to be implemented in two phases. The Phase-I & Ph.i;e-Il corridors are

shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 respectively. While Phase I of the project is underimplementation, project preparation for Phase-Il is underway. Project coordinatingConsultants (PCC)' is assisting MPWD in project preparation. Further, MSRP being acategory 'A' project it is subjected to Independent Environmental review2(IER). TheEnvironmental Impact Assessment for the MSRP Phase-Il has been scrutinized and

updated in light of IER the observations.

Table 1-1: Project Roads Selected for Study under MSRP

Type of Phase - I Phase-Il TotalWork Road Section Length Road Section Length Length

Upgrada P I A: Aizawl - Thenzawl - 98.710 PI B: Bucngpui-Lunglei 67.943tion Buongpui (via Hmuifang) BPI: Aizawl Bypass 13.480Works Sub-Total 98.710 Sub-Total 81.423 180.133

Ml Kawikulh - Ngopa- 96.625 M2: Kanhmun - 92.40

Major M4: Keitum -N.Vanlaiphai 45.780 Zamuang - TuilutkawnMainten M5: Lungsen - Chawngte 47.670 M6: Zobawk - 29.70once M :Srhi Works M7: Damdial - Sialsuk 30.100 Thenhium 97.70

M9: Khawzawl - Biate 58.000 M 16: Selesih - Thuampui 12.00Sub-Total 278.175 Sub-Total 231.80 o 09.975

1.2. PROPOSED WORKS FOR BP1 - THE AIZAWL BYPASS

The PWD, Mizoram has decided to construct a bypass to Aizawl Capital city. Thebypass will start from Zemabawk on NH-54 and follow the eastern route. The designedlength of the Bypass shall be about 13.48 km. The By-Pass after construction shall havea road width of 7.1 m with paved carriageway of 5.5 m and 0.5 m shoulders on bothsides (refer Figure 1.3). Two concrete bridges are proposed at km. 2.950 across ChiteLui and km. 3.885 across Lawibual of about 58 m and 37 m span respectively

constructed to double lane standard.

l PCC is a consortium of Consulting firms, led by Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd., India (ICT) andConsulting Engineering Services (India) CES

2 M/s LEA Assoc:3tes were selected as reviewers for the Independent Environmental review for phase-Il activities.

Criginot D;e7ument by ICT e. CES 1-1Revisec or,:. z':.iarec by LaySA LA9

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Fig. 1.1: Iocation of Phase I Project Roads

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Fig. 1. 2: I ocation ol Phase 11 Project Roadls

II\65?L) Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phase-itEIA & EMP for Ai;zwt Byposs, June 2003

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Two additional concrete bridges are proposed tF km. 9.584 & km. 9.729 having 2Dm &3Dm span respectively with a footpath. Breast wall and other slope protectionmeasures are proposed to stabilize the slopes. Construction of the by-pass shall becompleted prior to operation of Phase-I priority road in order to avoid trafficcongestion in the Aizawl where air pollution levels are already a matter of concern. Amap showing Aizawl By-Pass is given in Figure 1.4.

1.3. IMPACTS ENVISAGED AND THE CORRIDOR OF IMPACT

Beneficial Imoacts of the Proiect: The purpose of the proposed bypass is to decongestthe traffic within Aizawl City during peak hours and reduce the travel time. Trafficsurveys carried out as a part of the project suggest that from the present averagedaily traffic of 503 PCUs from Aizawl to lunglei (presently following the NH-54 route),368 PCUs (i.e almost 75%) are likely to be diverted to State highway once it isupgraded. The total projected average daily traffic along the priority road 'isestimated to be around 4994 PCUs. The projected average daily-diverted traffic (inthe year 2022) along the priority route is estimated to be consisting of 473 cars. 266buses, 370 trucks and 114 two-wheelers. The bypass shall also feed the city's roadinfrastructure near ITI veng and Salem Mualpui.

Anticipated adverse impacts and the area of influence: Taking into account theslope required to stabilize the bench of 7.1m, the Col has been taken to be 15m. Theinfluence area would cover construction camp and raw material storage sites,Identified quarry locations, haul roads and sites selected for dumping of debris/wastematerial. For the construction of Aizawl Bypass. 18.15 hectares of land will beacquired. Of this, 16 hectares is private land and includes Residential as well asAgricultural area. Balance land will be transferred from various governmentdepartments.

Origincl Document by ICT & CES 1-4Revisecd ona' LUcoted by LASA

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Mizorom State Roads PFoik ct Phase-lIEIA & EMP for Aizawl BypCss. june 2003

The anticipated adverse Environmental impacts due to the proposed constructioninclude destabilization of slopes, modification of drainage patterns and the resultingerosion, loss of productive soil, dust pollution during haulage of the constructionmaterial and tipping of the cut material etc. Traffic volumes along the bypass beinglower, air and noise quality are not expected to deteriorate much. Regarding thesocio- economic impacts, acquisition of land will displace families and will affect thepeople of the area.

1.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The scope of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) coveres* Collection of information on existing Environmental baseline conditions* Analyse alternative alignments* Consultation with affected groups and NGO's* Identification of the magnitude of adverse impacts* Preparation of Environmental Management Plans for mitigating the negative

impacts and enhancing the positive impacts.* Identify specific requirements for Institutional strengthening and training.

1.5. THE STUDY METHODOLOGY

The methodology included screening of various bypass alignments and selection ofalignment having least environmental repercussions. The study involved followingstages:

Assembling Primary and secondary data* Analysis of water quality of rivers Chite Lui and Lawibual crossing the alignment

for Physico-Chemical and Biological characteristics.* Measurement of Ambient air quality and noise quality at representatiye

landuses* Inventory of road side tree species with girth size over 30cms within the corridor

of impact* Determination of frequency, abundance and density of other trees as well as

herbs and shrubs

Public Consultations* Consultations with roadside community and stakeholders for their opinion on

road construction* Consultations at village level to identify location specific issues

Assessment of Impacts* Impacts due to quarrying/borrowing operations* Impacts on various water resources

Cricincl Document by ICT & CES 1 -6.Revi,sed cnc Updoed by LASA aw l

Mizorom State Roods Project Phase-llEIA & E/vMP for Aizowl Bypass, June 2003

• Sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps* Degradation of air and noise quality during construction stage* Impact on bio-diversity due to cutting of various species of trees and shrubs

during clearing of the area for proposed construction.* Socio-economic impacts due to land acquisition for the project and proposed

works.

Formulation of mitigation measures

Measures were developed to mitigate the identified impacts and were incorporatedin the design drawings and/or bill of quantities as appropriate. Budgetary allocationswere made for all the Environmental mitigation and Enhancement measures as partof project costs. Finally, a monitoring plan for construction and operation phases wasprepared and the responsibilities for implementation and supervision were presented.

1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

* Chapter - 2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework reviews the existingInstitutional and legislative setup relevant to the project at the National and Statelevels and administrative requirements applicable.

* Chapter - 3: The Existing Environment describes the environmental setting andbaseline conditions relating to meteorology, physical environment and biologicalenvironment.

* Chapter - 4: Analysis of Alternatives evaluates various alternatives of design andprovides the rationale for the selection of particular treatment for each.

* Chapter - 5: Community Consultations summarizes consultations / discussions heldwith the public at different levels e.g. Village Council Presidents (VCPs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and other stakeholders such as Govt. officials. Ministry / Department to record people's perceptions ofthe project benefits and the potential impacts.

X Chapter - 6: Assessment of Environmental Impacts identifies and quantifies thepotential environmental and social impacts.

* Chapter - 7: Environmental Management Measures Proposed presents mitigationmeasures for the ascertained impacts and Environmental management andEnvironmental monitoring plans to be implemented at various stages of the project.

* Chapter - 8: Institutional / Implementation Arrangements reviews the existingimplementation arrangements and prescribes further strengthening of institutional setup and training programme to facilitate implementation of the EnvironmentalManagement Action Plans.

Oricinol Do-ument oDy ICT & CES 1-7-e'.bed anc. Updcatedoty LASA

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2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

This section reviews the existing legislative setup pertaining to MSRP Phase 11 at thenational and state levels. The chapter also elaborates on environmental clearancerequirements for the project from Government of Mizoram, Ministry of Environment andForests, New Delhi and the World Bank.

2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCIES

The Mizoram Public Works Department (MPWD) is the nodal agency for projectpreparation and implementation of MPSRP-II. Various other agencies are indirectlyinvolved in regulation of activities under the project through statutes/laws governingthem. The agencies involved, their role in the project is presented in the Table 2-1.

Table 2-1: Regulatory Agencies and their rolesAgency Statute/policy Relevant objectives

Ministry of Environment and Environment (Protection) Act. 1986 To protect and improve the quality of theForests Environmental Impoct Assessment environment and to prevenl. control and

Notification. 1994 abate environmental pollution

Forest (Conservationl Act 1980 (os To restrict deforestation by restrictingamended 1998) and Rules. 1981 clearing of forested areos.

Pollution Control Board Water (Prevention and Control of Poflution) To provide for the prevention and control ofAct 1974. as amended 1988. water pollution and the maintoining or

restoring of wholesomeness of water.Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution), To provide for the prevention, control ondAct 1981. as amended in 1987. obatement of air pollution

Deportment of Environment Wildlife IProtectionl Act 1972 To protect wild animols and birds throughand Forests the creation of Nationol Parks ond

SanctuariesDepartment of Tronsport Motor Vehicles ACt 1988 To control vehicular air and noise pollution

trom motor vehiclesArchaeological Survey of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological To protect and conserve culturol andIndia sites and Remains Act 1958 histoncol remains found in India

2.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS

The Government of India has formulated various policy guidelines; acts and regulationsaimed at the protection and management of Environmental resources. The applicablelaws are described in the Table 2-2.

Table 2-2: Existing laws applicable for the Project

Low/Regulation/Guidelines RelevanceThe Forest (Conservationl Act. 1980 Applies to natural forest areos - Authority to issue clearance: li) it area of

forest >20ho l10ha in hilly area). Centrol Government: (iij Sha-20ho,Regional Office of Chief Conservator of Forests; (iii) <=Sho. StateGovernment: (41 if tree density >40%. permission for any work must comefrom the Central Government. regardless of areo of forest to be cleared.

The Environmental (Protection) Act. Various Ospects of the Environment (Protection) Act ond Rules apply to the1986. and Ihe Environmentol rood construction projects. They establish the stondords for emission of noise(Protection) Rules. 1987-2002 (various in the atmosphere. These standards are directed primarily at the industriolamendments) pollution but are also applicoble to road construction activity.The Environmentai Impact Assessment Identifies highways (Item 21 of schedule 1) as one of the projects requiringNotification. 1994 prior clearonce from tie Gol, MoEF. The Got. MoEF Notification of 10 April

1997 provides that environmental clearonce need not be obtained from theMoEF for...Hignwoy projecits relolng ao improvement work including widening and___________________________________ strenqtho-in; or roods win, moriOnol lond ocquisilion olonq the exislinq

Oriainal Documenr by ICT & --- S 2-1ReviseC anCd Upaoted by LASA

MAAzorom Stcte Roods Project Phase-tIEIA & tMP for Aizowl Byposs, June 2003

Law/Regulation/Guidelines Relevance

alignments provided the highways do not pass through ecologicallysensitive creos such as National Pork. Sanctuaries. Tiger Reserve. ReserveForest. etc.

The Wildlife (Protection) ACt. 1972 Provides for the creation, conservation and protection of National Parksand Sanctuaries.

The Waler (Prevention and Conlrol of Central and State Pollution Control Boord to establish/enforce water quolityPollution) ACt. 1974 and effluent stondards. monitor water quolity. prosecute oafenders. and

issue licenses tor construction/operation of certain facilities.The Air (Prevention and Control of Empowers SPCB to set and monitor air quolity standards and to prosecutePollution) Act, 198i oafenders, excluding vehicular air and noise emission.The Motor Vehicle Act. 1988 Empowers Stote Transport Authority to enforce standords tor vehicular

pollution. In AUgUst 1997 the "Pollution Under Control Certificote" waslounched to reduce vehicular emissions.

Ancient Monuments and To protect ond conserve cultural and historicol remains toundArchaeological sites and Remains Act1958The Explosives Act (& Rules) 1884 Sets out the regulations os to regards the use oa explosives and(1983) precautionory measures while blasting, quarryingThe Mizoram Highways Act, 2002 Provides for protection and maintenance ot highways assets. entorce

mechanisms to control ribbon developments, encroachments and roadsofety.

2.3. Gol/GoM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS

The MPWD has obtained all necessary clearances from the regulatory authorities forimplementation of the project. Apart from the clearances for the overall project works,the contractors have to obtain consent for establishment and consent to operate fromthe State Pollution Control Board. Various clearances required by the project and thestatus of clearances is presented in the Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Status of Clearances for MSRP-II

S. No. Statutory Authority Statute under which clearance is Current status ot clearance____________________req uired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ministry of Environment Environmental Impact Assessmentand Forests, Notification, 1994 issued under EP Act,ss9m6 Clearonces Ob96inedGovernment of India

2 Mizoram Pollution Water (P&CP) Act. 1974 & NoC ObtainedControl Board Air (P&CP) Act, 1981Department ofEnvironment and3 Forests. Government on Forests Conservation Act. 1980 Clearances obtainedmizororn

2.4. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS

In accordance with the WB requirements for Category 'A' projects, an IndependentEnvironmental Review has been taken up as part of the project preparation activitiesof MSRP-II. World Bank has formulated certain policies, which need to be complied, forit to be able to fund projects. Applicability of various World Bank Policies for the projectis presented in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4: Applicability of World Bank Policies for the Project

S. No, World Bank Policy Applicability Compliance measuresO/BP/GP 4.0 I' MSRP-11 is a category 'A' project. The corridorS A detailed EtA. EMP & RAP ispass through sensitive areas and are likely to prepored for the implementation1. Environmental have impacts on environmental and social of Environmentol mitigation and

Assessment components. Hence the policy is triggered corrective actionsProject involves acquisition of laond ond Resettlemenl Action Plan is and

2. 00 4.30: Involuntary aisplacernent oa People. Hence the policy is witl be tully implemented.Resettlement triggerea

Griginol Docurrernt by iCT a C.s 2-2Revised and !Jpwed tC' L.2SA

.1izorom State Roods ProjeCt Prose-ItE*A &I S& NI-,P for Aizawl Bypcss. June 2003

S. No. World Bank Policy Applicability Compliance measuresIPDP has been prepored to

OD 4.20 Indigenous Most of the affected people are indigenous, mitigate the potentially adversePeoples Hence the policy is Iriggered etfects on these people due to

_______ ___________________ _ I_________________________________________ the project.Physical Cultural'Thing Lu bul tree considered sacred by the Cultural property management4 Physical Cultural Mizo culture is very close to the bypass plan prepared ond shalt beResources (OPN I 1,03) alignment. Hence the policy is triggered. implemented.

The alignment does not pass through any critical natural habitat area. Hence. Naturalhabitat policy OP 4.04 is not triggered. Other safeguard policies of the World Bank thatare not triggered are:* Forestry (OP 4.36)* Project in disputed areas* Pest management* Projects on International Waterways* Safety of Dams

ic-i-ncl tCCumrnent o! ICT S 2-31= e. iseC ,mC: lJCCCICct y L.SA

.1-~~2'e X-> ~ - /E \E~

~~~~~- -' :-- <2 -

.1Xw~< A I X}Z

3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

This Chapter presents the baseline data on existing Environment covering Physical,Biological and Socio-Economic components. Primary data on geology, air, noise,water and bio-diversity is generated by environmental surveys conducted duringproject preparation. Secondary sources have been tapped for rest of the

components.

3.1. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The climate is generally pleasant with summer temperatures ranging between 18oC to320C and winter temperatures between 80C to 240C. Four secsons' namely summer,spring, autumn and winter are observed in a year. The average annual rainfallrecorded is 2371 mm. However, annual rainfall varies from 2000mm - 3500mm. Relativehumidity in the dry season is 40% while in the monsoon period, it is about 90%.

3.2. THE PHYSiCAL ENVIRONMENT

Geology and Soil

The common rocks found are sandstone, limestone, shale, silt stone and slates. Therock system is weak and unstable, prone to frequent seismic influence. The terrainseems entirely immature with regard to recent structural /geological changes inearth's crust. In general, the geomorphology of the project area is characteiized bythe presence of weathering products of typical varying thickness on original hilltops.The geomorphological formations consist of steep hill slopes and deep valleys orientedon the topographic surface in a linear fashion. The presence of valleys and ravinesshow physiographic expressions of the faults or structural patterns, giving origin todifferent types of drainage patterns. Faulting has resulted in creation of steep curves,highly dissected ranges with deep ravines, spurs etc. vulnerable to comprehensiveerosion. The rocks are fractured and hence susceptible to failure during monsoonresulting in landslides.

Soils vary from sandy loam, clayey loam to clay, generally mature but leached due tosteep gradient and heavy rainfall. Soils are porous with poor water holding capacity,deficit in potash, phosphorous, nitrogen and humus and hence poor in productivity.The pH shows acidic to neutral reaction due to excessive leaching.

Topography

Almost entire Mizoram is hilly with precipitous slopes forming deep gorges culminatinginto several streams and rivers. Almost all the hill ranges traverse in the North-Southdirection. Phawngpui or Blue Mountain is the highest peak at 2157 m whereas thelowest place is Bairabi at 40 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). The average height of hi[l

Or:inio Co: L"ment by IC , CT S 31SRe;ef ;.e d u:s>; 1z yt LA =

Mjlizorarm Srcre Rocds Project Pt!cse-1lEIA a EMIP fcr AjZo'.vt 3ypass. June 2003

ranges in Mizoram is 920 m. The Proposed alignment also passes through hilly terrainwith aiternate steep slopes and deep valleys

Landslides

During the survey no landslides locations were observed along the existing portions ofthe bypass alignment. The terrain in rest of the portions is undisturbed hasgeomorphology similar to other areas of Mizoram. Therefore, the construction will haveto be proceeded with extra care and more rigorous supz-v.,ion with geotechnicalinput continuously assisting the Engineer.

Quarries

The proposed alignment being closer to PIA, the priority route identified forupgradation during MSRP Phase-I activities, it has been decided to take quarrymaterial from the quarries identified during MSRP Phase-I. These quarries are listed inTable 3.1. A map as shown in Figure 3.1 depicts the quarry chart.

Table 3-1: Identified Quarry Locations

Quarry Name & Location Tentative Yield (Cum)

Zowmgekham - km 41 on ATL-Left 200000Sentezel - km 78+115 - ATL - Left 0

J ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~7.50.000.Fangfar - km 78+860 - ATL - Left .Km 12.60 fNA) nor villag Samsuih Not indicatedRamrikawn, 6.0 km from Keifong towards Mualpheng 67,000CH. 70.6 km on ATL (Left) 2.50,000Dilkawnlui - km 74+020 - ATL - Left 1,000,00Sailam - km 66+760 - ATL - Left 600

Quarry of Mr. C. Lolduhawmc (Haulawng) Km 131.9 Left 11,700Km 57.5, 4.5 km from Hmuifong towards Sialsuk 8,300Lungpuizawi-Duilova I I Km from Lunglei on NH-54 96,000

Borrow Pits / Areas

Cut material obtcined shall be used as fill material. No additional borrow areas wouldbe needed. Samples of sand from different river beds on testing, was found that thiscontained considerable amount of pebbles and gravels, which does not make itsuitable for road construction. Also, the transportation cost of river sand from valleys atlower levels to the high levels, where road construction will take place, will be high.

Hence, as an alternative to sand, it is proposed to use stone dust from stone crushers asa binder material for road construction. it car also be utilized for blending with sub-base and base course granular material, but may not be suitable for use in bridge andstructure construction. There are three stone quarries at Km 2.90, 4.25 & Km 4.410 alongthe Aizawl By - Pass Road with crusher plants at 4.204 km (along LHS) and 4.960 km(along RHS). The stone dust from these quarries can be utilized for rood construction.e ,c. c c. e. .e3-2

' ?-. Wm '

*/10 . Ai wal Tomdil0P6 ~

ssh 2 X 0 % hn :s I pC°n(;P3 Ai wl Bypass

N~ ~~~~~~~~~N-4

1 0 } P1B Q3

t \ /TSu4 Ch pngchuk, hi KhowbelYQ5Chomrin

7 RS6 Chheohtlo'

Figurfe QLuarry Crnrt

P5 ~~~~erchh;p

Legend

Capital of State *Stone Ouarry * SQPlont Locotion 0 p

River sond 0 RSLocal Crusher APriority Roods

Source MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT,Quarrv Chart PHASE 11, PWD,GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM

Figure3.1 ' N

Mizorcm State Roads Project Phose-IIEiA & Ea,IP for ,AizOwl Byp,:ss. June 2003

3.3. WATER RESOURCES

Surface Water and Cross Drainage Channels

Due to the steep gradient, surface runoff in the water bodies is accelerated, resulting

in poor water retention. There are two rivers cutting across the bypass. These are:

Name of the River Chainage (Km.)Chite Lui 2.950Lawibuol 3.885

The existing cross - drainage works are:

• Bridges = 2• Culverts = 4

There also exist some ponds along the proposed alignment presently used for fishery

purposes. The locations of these ponds with details like offsets from the proposed

alignment and areas are presented in Table 3.2 (also refer fig 3.2).

Table 3-2: Ponds along the Proposed alignment of the Aizawl Bypass

Water Body Chainage (Km.) Direction the proposed alignment (o) Area (Sqm.)

Pond 2.475 LHS 10.1 233.91RHS{Port A) 0 1614.56

Poncl (2.5651 in three LHS (Part 8) 0 189.97

I LHS (Part C) 23.5 252.00

Pond 4.083 RHS 1.65 349.3Pond 8.540 LHS 14.9 162.22

In addition there is also an 8m high waterfall at km 4.080 on the East side and a

streamlet intersects the alignment at km 3.197.

Water Quality

Water samples were collected from the two rivers along the bypass. Results of the

analysis are as given in Table 3.3. The results indicate that the water quality parameters

are below the prescribed standard values. Low values of Turbidity, Total Dissolved

Solids, non-existence of Oil & Grease and high value of Dissolved Oxygen clearly

indicate that the water quality of the rivers is fairly good. However, Coliform is present

in higher concentrations.

Table 3-3: Water Quality along Aizawl By-Pass Road

Water Quality Parameters ChiterLui Rive Wat Standards, 10500:1994

pH 7.8 7.6 6.5 to 8.5

Turbidity 1.0 NTU 0,1 NTU 5 NTU

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 10 mng ' r. i 0.89 mg / Itr. 500 mg / irt.

'ron! Dc: b_ Ie ! -i g c 3-4- -. iecr.[ - c¢<rec r !. j4 s

Mizoram Stote Rocds Project Phose-1IEIA & EMP for AizoC-! 8yposs. June 2''03

Water Quality Parameters Chite Lui LRwibual Standards, 10500:1994

Dissolved Oxygen (D.O) 7.3 mg / Itr. 8.0 mg / Itr. 4 mg / Itr. Or more

Oil & Grease Nil Nil2400 (MPN / 100 ml 2400 (MPN / 100 ml 500 or less (MPN / 100 ml

Total Coliform Water Sample) Water Sample) Water Sample)*-

Faecal Coliform 2400 (MPN / 100 ml 2400 (MPN / 100 ml ' for all types of WaterFaecal________________ Water Sample) Water Sample) '0'foralltyps_o_Waer_

BOD (5 days at 200C) 50 mg / Itr. <40 mg / Itr. 3 mg / ltr. Or less *-* W. H. 0. Standurds ** CPCB Standards

3.4. AIR AND NOISE QUALITi

An inventory of features sensitive to air and noise quality is presented in Table 3.4. Thefollowing sections present the ambient air and noise quality levels measured at thesensitive locations. The locations were selected so as to be representative of thelanduses observed along the proposed alignment.

Table 3-4: Sensitive Features along the proposed alignment

Horizontal Distance from the toe lineSensitive Feature Chainage DirectionofteppsdalgmnCmof the proposed alignment (m)

Temple 0.005 km LHS 25.0Gurudwara 0.065 km LHS 2.8School 0.407 km RHS 14.5School 0.800 km RHS 29.0

3.4.1. Air Quality

The ambient air quality was measured at two places (Pushpak primary school at 0.407km, 15m from the proposed alignment along RHS and at the end point of Aizawlbypass) as per the methods prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. Theobserved values of the air quality data in the project area are summarized inTable 3.5. The results indicate that while S02 and CO are below the detectable limits,the NOx values are below the prescribed standard limits. However, SPM valuesreported are very high in comparison to prescribed standards.

Table 3-5: Air Quality DataLocati.n & Zone Pollutant Measured Values in pg CPCB norms In pg / m3 (24 hrsLocathon & Zone Pollutant / m3

weighted average)

S02 Not Detectable (N.D.) 30Pushpak Primary NOx 11 .37 3School (Sensitive NO N.D 30Zone) 00 N.D. 10

SPM 225.6 oS02 N. D. 80

End point of NOx 6.83 80proposed Aizawl BY- CO N. D. 2000Pass

SPM 843.6 200

Original Docur:ent Oy IC T CES 3-5Revised anc Upooted b, L..-% -'SA W

Zemabawk(Aizawl NH-54)

School (Km 0.407) z ISchool (Km 0.800) r

Pond (Km 2.565) KiJI K9 Pond (Km 2.475)t Pond (Knm 2.565) Kill)

Stone Quarry (Km 2.90)

Chite Lui (Km 2.950)

Zoo Boundary(Km 3.10) #

Streamlet (Km 3.197)

Lawibual (Km 3.855)

Pond (Km 4.083) Waterfall (Km 4.080)

Stone Quarry (Km 4.410) LStone Quarry (Km 4.960)

< D Pond (Km 8.540)

d Thing lu bul

Legend Km 4.5 (PIA)

Pond KWaterfall

Crusher

River TowardsStreamletThing lu bul s ThenzawlCol

:ource Features MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT,Features along the Proposed Aizawl Bypass PHASE 11, PWD,

GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM

Figure LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.3.2 N New Delhi WV

Mizorcmn Stote Roads Project Phose-II.,_O^A_, ., EIA & EVP for Aizowl 8vsooss. June 2003

3.4.2. Noise Quality

The observed noise levels in the project area of Aizawl bypass were measured over 24hrs using a handheld noise meter. The results are presented in Table 3.6. The resultsindicate that noise levels are higher than the threshold limits. Suitable mitigationmeasures shall be incorporated during the implementation of the project as suggestedunder Environmental Management Plan.

Table 3-6: Observed Noise Levels

Location 8 Zone Observed Noise Levels dB(A) Prescribed Standards as perLeq CPCB norms dB(A) LeqStart Point of Aizawl Day Time" Night Time. Day Time" Night Time.By-Pass © Pushpok PrimarySchool ISilence / Sensitive 63.66 47.92 50 40Zone)End Point of AizawlBy-Pass (Rural / Residential 59.55 49.61 55 45Z o n e ) I__ _ _ _ _ I__ _ _ _ _ _ I__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Day time is reckoned between 6:00 a.m.to 10:00 p.m 00* Night Hme is between 10:00p.m to 6:00 a.m.

3.5. FLORA / BIO - DIVERSITY

Roadside Trees

Aizawl By-Pass being a new cons!ruction, a number of trees and plants are likely to beuprooted due to lot of hill cutting and removal of vegetation. Trees of different specieshaving girth more than 30cms (at 1 m above ground) within the corridor of Impact(Col) of 15 m were counted and tree inventory data was prepared. The no. and girthwise distribution of trees likely to be felled is as shown in Table 3.7. Based on theinformation available with State Forest Department, data on rare and endangeredplant species has been collected (refer Annexure 3.1). By comparing the results inTable - 3.7 with Annexure 3. 1, it is evident that no rare or endangered tree species 'willbe affected.

Table 3-7: Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Aizawl By-Pass Road

Chainage GirthFrom To G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Total1+000 4+000 30 50 38 15 12 0 0 1454+000 7+000 618 281 77 28 14 0 0 10187+000 10+000 240 124 74 59 31 0 0 52810+000 13+000 251 217 175 141 122 0 0 90613+000 16+000 92 137 149 126 52 0 2 558

TOTAL 1231 809 513 369 231 0 2 3155

GI= (30-60) Cm, G2=(60-90) Cm. G3=(90-120) Cm, G4=(120-150) Cm, G5=(150-180) Cm.G6=(180-270) Cm. G7=>270 Cm

Originol Document by ICT & CESRevised ond Updated by LASA -7

mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-itEIA E. ENiP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003

3.6. BIO-DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT ALONG BP1 (AIZAWL BY-PASS) ROAD

For the biodiversity assessment along the Project corridor, line transect method wasused to find the frequency, abundance and density for trees and quadrat methodwas followed for herbs and shrubs. For herbs and shrubs assessment, 30 quadrats eachof area 1 sq.m were sampled on random basis within a bond extending 5-7m on eachside of the road and the species identified and counted. Aggregate number of allquadrats for each stretch is used to calculate the abundance and density of eachspecies. The biodiversity assessment identified 44 species of herb and shrub (Annexure- 3.2). For trees, 10 line transacts each of length 1 00m extending to a maximum of 1 5mfrom the road were taken and the species and no. of trees counted. The assessmentidentified 31 species of trees (Annexure - 3.3) and 18 species of ethno-medicinal plants(See Annexure - 3.4 for their uses). Generally, this project corridor is not rich inbiodiversity and the type of the forest is secondary, a small clump of Bombusa tuldoand Melocanna baccifero are identified. In addition, among lianas and climbers,some species like Acacia caesia, Combretum decundrum, Dillenia pentogyno andSmilox spp. have been identified along the project corridor. Along the project corridorbetween chainages 0.000 - 13.400, the diversity as reflected in the Menhinick diversityindex is 1.75 for herb & shrub. 1.88 for trees, whereas the diversity reflected as perShannon-Weinner's diversity index is 3.42 for herbs and shrubs and 3.29 for trees.. In thisproject corridor, Macaranga indica has highest density among trees, and amongshrub & herb Didymochlaena truncatula has highest density. The endangeredCyathea spp. has density of 0.13. Among the ethno-medicinal plant species,Securinego viroso has highest density of 1.3.

Fauna

During the biodiversity assessment survey, no animals have been sighted along theproject corridor.. However, some bird species like Pycnonotus cofer (Tlaiber,h).Phylloscopus inornotus (Chuaichilling), Pycnonotus melanicterus (Tukkhumvilik),Megalaimc osiotica (Phaituklo), Lonchura striota (Pit) and Dicoeum concolor (Tektek)have been sighted. The identified birds species are protected under the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1 972.

Rare and Endangered Floral and Faunal Species

During the floral and faunal diversity survey along the project corridor, only one rareand endangered Cyothea spp. has been identified near chainage 2.850. No otherrare or endangered animal species has been identified.

3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT IMPACTED VILLAGES

The proposed construction of the Aizawl bypass is going to affect properties in 7villages, all failing within the Aizawl town area. These villages are Zembawak. I.T.I,Original Doc ment by Icr & CES 3.8Revised or,cf Updc!Cted b, LA SA

,Iizorcm Stcte Roacds Project Phose-itEIA & E,AP tor Aizowl c-0oss. June 2003

Salem, Venghnuai, Kulikawn, Saikhamakawn, Melthum. The Demographic Profile,Literacy rate and Socio- Economic development pattern have been discussed in thefollowing sections. The social infrastructure pattern, the communication facilities andthe physical infrastructure of these villages can be referred in the RAP and IPDP reportfor the P 1 B and the Aizawl Bypass.

3.7.1. Demographic Prorile

In the villages along Aizawi 6ypass, Zemobawk, I.T.1 followed by Kulikawn are the mostpopulated villages (refer Table 3.8). Along the Aizawl Bypass, the highest family size is inl.T.1 Veng (7 persons/family) followed by Saikhamakawn and Venghnuai (6persons/family). The average family size is lower in the case of the rural areas than inthe urban area. Another critical aspect with respect to the demography of a place isthe sex ratio. The villages where the female population is lower than men areSaikhamakawn (912 females per 1000 males), Zemabawk (956 females per 1000males), and Venghnuai (974 females per 1000 males).

Table 3-8: Demographic Profile of Project Impacted Villages, 2001

Name of Village No. of No. of POPULATIO Average Family Size Sex RatioHouses Households Male Female Total

Zemabowk 1500 1623 4466 4271 8737 5 956I.T.I 320 570 1941 2114 4055 7 1089Salem 598 590 1350 1454 2804 5 1077Venghnuai 272 321 1013 987 2000 6 974Kulikawn 602 775 1873 1953 3826 5 1042Saikhamakawn 204 230 680 620 1300 6 912Melthum 140 165 395 430 825 5 1089Total 3636 4274 11718 11829 23547 6 1009Source: Report on Block Statistics. 2001. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Aizawl

3.7.2. Literacy

In the villages along the Aizawl Bypass, the literacy rates vary from 80% to 95%, theleast being in Melthum and the highest in l.T.1 and Saikhamakawn (Table 3.9).

Table 3-9: Literacy Rate in Project Impacted Villages

Village Number of structuresZemabawk 92I.T.I 95

Salem 82Venghnuai 88

Kulikawn 95

Saikhamakawn .95Melthum 80

C! gJincl Gocument by ICT &8 'S 7,9 a-e. ,ced c J.~cact _.vLa'

Mixrcrm Stcoe rocds Project Pihcse-'lEIA .E % IP for AiZC,-v .'! S oss. June 2003

3.7.3. Economic and Social Development Pattern

96% of the Net Sown Area in Mizoram is under Jhum Cultivation. Jhum Cultivationwhich is essentially the slash and burn technology of agriculture is an environmentallyunsustainable method of cultivation. The problems arising of this practice are landdegradation and loss of productivity. Conversion to sedentary agriculture is thereforeimportant for improving productivity and bringing more area under cultivation.

3.8. BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION

Proposed construction of the Aizawl bypass would require as much as 18.15 ha of landacquisition. The land acquisition plan prepared for the same shows that of the totalland to be acquired for the bypass construction, 16.47 ha is private land and 1.70 habelongs to the government department. Further the private land acquisition entailsacquisition of 6.36 hectares of Residential land and 10. i 1 hectares of Agricultural land.The detailed statement of private lands to be acquired in each of the Project affectedvillages can be referred in the RAP and IPDP for the P1 B and the Aizawl Bypass.

3.8.1. Baseline Survey of PAPs

A census survey of the Projected Affected Households (PAHs) and the population hasbeen done. 80% of the PAHs have been covered. Data related to the age, sex,occupation, education, and the assets possessed have been collected for the PAPsand the PAHs. In all 256 households are affected due to the project, the village wisedetails of which are presented in Table 3.10. The details of the Project affected persons(545 PAPs) are given in Table 3.1 1.

Table 3-10: Number of Project Affected Households

Project Affected Villages Residential Commercial Agricultural TotalZemobawk 59 0 6 65,-ITI 16 0 15 31Salem 82 0 9 91Venghnuai 0 0 5 5Kulikawn II 0 19 30Saikhomkawrn 0 0 1 5 15Melthum 4 0 15 19Total Bypass 1 72 0 84 256

Table 3-11: Project Affected Persons

P Agricultural | Commercial [ Residential | TotalProject Affected Villages C , ,MIFI T Ml F T M I F T M F T

Aizawl Bypass

Zemabawk- NA NA NA 0 0 63 43 106 63 43 106ITI' | 28 17 45 0 0 0 20 9 29 48 46 74

Salem 1 20 16 136 0 0 0 103 70 1 73 123 189 209Venghnuai NA N.< NA NA NA j NAFIA !NAA NA NA NA NA

Crnginc. GoCumennt tylC 310:e.'itec 2*:n'; «I,^cc ~t - 43

Mvlizorom Stote Rocds Project Phose-1t& & E,P for AizOwl BvOQss. June 2003

Project Affected Villages Agricultural Commercial Residential TotalM F T M F T M F T M | F __

__ _ ___ ___N AKulikawn NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Saikhamakawn 40 29 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 29 69

Melthum 39 30 69 0 0 0 9 9 18 48 48 87

Total Bypass 127 92 219 0 0 0 195 131 326 322 | 418 545

Note: M-Male: F-Female: T-Total: -Data Calculated for Collected Samples

3.8.2. Classification of PAHs by Occupation

Distribution of PAHs amongst different occupations is fairly equitable in the case of the

Aizawl Bypass. While 38% of the PAHs are engaged in Agriculture, another 37% areengaged in Service. 27% of the PAHs are into business. The reason for such adistribution is that these villages are essentially part of Aizawl town. The personsengaged in Agriculture practice Jhum Cultivation. The project involves dismantling ofa number of Jhum huts( for detailed description of the PDPs, refer RAP and IPDP of P1 Band Aizawl Bypass).

3.8.3. Income Profile

The PAHs have been classified on the basis of their income into those belonging toBelow Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (ABPL). The planning commissionstandard has been used for classifying households into these categories. For the ruralareas, the standard used is Rs. 362/capita/month and for the urban sections it is Rs.

343/capita/month.

3.9. CULTURAL PROPERTIES

The bypass passes away from inhabited areas and there are no structures of any social

or religious importance located within the Col. However, there is a tree called theThing lu Bul which is located quite close to the proposed culvert 13/4. Health of this t,reeis considered to be an indicator of the well - being of the nearby community, which it

is believed to guard. This is a belief from the pre-Christion times in Mizoram andtherefore, protection of this cultural property is a priority.

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4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The chapter evaluates the various design alternatives and provides the rationale forthe selection oF particular treatment.

4.1. LEVEL OF ANALYSIS

As already described in the preceding chapters, the major purpose anticipated to beserved by the proposed bypass is to provide an alternative shorter link to P I road fromNH-54 for travellers going to the south towards Lunglei. thereby sharing the presenttraffic load on NH-54 as well. If this traffic is added to the already heavy traffic of city, itwill lead to huge congestion in the Aizawl city during peak hours. The importantconsiderations of convenience, road safety and travel timesavings for both thethrough traffic as well as local population of the Aizawl city necessitated the need fora bypass. Along with various design considerations that were taken into account forselecting the best suitable alignment for the bypass, a two-tiered Environmentalanalysis was followed. The analysis included the folowing steps* Comparison of the various feasible alternatives for the proposed bypass with respect to

various Environmental and social parameters, taking into account the convenienceand the safety concerns as well.

* Comparing the various alternatives for reducing the Environmental and social impactsin the selected alignment to the maximum and adopting the most suitable one in themitigation design.

4.2. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE BYPASS ALIGNMENT

The proposed alignment for the Aizawl Bypass was selected after studying the pros andcons of the following possible alternatives.* Option 1: No bypass option i.e allowing the traffic taking off from NH-54 and moving

towards Lunglei and other south-west regions of the Mizoram to traverse through theAizawl city and then join the Priority road P I A.

* Option 2: Alignment along the west side of the Aizawl city* Option 3: Alignment along the east of the Aizawl city

The three options running north south, one through Aizawl. and other two on west ondeast of -Aizcwl respectively are shown in Figure 4.1. For these alternatives, a broadevaluation.criterion was developed containing the factors, which are required to besatisfied vis-6-vis the proposed construction of the bypass to be justified as a whole.Various feasible options were screened and those not fulfilling these criteria werefiltered out. The factors forming the basis of such evaluation criteria were:1. Smooth and conflict free travel for the through traffic.2. Road safety and

Originc Document by ICT & CiS 4 1Revised and UpdateC sv L.ASA

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ALTERNATIVES FOR AIZAWL BYPASS MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT,PWD, GOVERNMENT OF MI7ORAM

MS LEA ASSOCIATES SOUTH ASIA PVT.LTDMAP NOT TO SC::ALE Figue4.1 (IASA), NEW DELHI 1il

Mizorom State R'cds Project Phose-/lEIA & ENIP for Aizcwi BypQSS. June 2003

3. Improved connectivity of the traffic traversing through NH-54 and other state highways

with priority rood PIA such that the link to Lunglei and other south-west regions ofMizoram is shorter as well as convenient.

No Project Option: The traffic traveling towards Lunglei, after taking off from NH-54 /other State Highways follows the existing roads traversing through the Aizawl city andthen join the Priority route PI A. Though shorter than NH-54, it will lead to major problemslike congestion due to the route traversing through several villages of the Aizawl city(refer Figure. 4.1). With the upgradation of the priority road P1A, almost 75% of the

present average daily traffic (503 PCU at present and 4994 PCU in 2022) from Aizawl toLunglei, presently following the NH-54 route is likely to be diverted to the State Highway.Moreover, the LMV and LCV traffic of the SH to Durtlang traveling towards Lunglei isalso likely to be diverted towards PHA and therefore traverses the congested area ofAizawl. The option, not ensuring the smooth travel, travel time saving and road safetywas therefore, rejected.

Table 4-1 Comparison of project options

Project OptionsParameter Option 1. No Option 2. Western Option 3. Eastern

Project Alignment AlignmentLength. km Present length 303 15

Landslides Absent Higher incidence4 Lesser than WesternLandslides Absen H_gher ncidealignment

Higher risk than oil Risk higher than Eastern Safer alignmentRoad safety other options alignment option

Settlements 26 Nil 3Traversed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

co levels 120 Only Ambient Only Ambientconcentrations Concentrations

SPM levels 1026 153 153Noise levels 71.6 dB(A) 68 dB(A) 68 dB(A)Selected alignment _

Comparison of options for alternative alignments is presented in Table 4-1. It is evidentthat the western alignment involves longer distance and is also prone to landsubsidence. Hence, only eastern alignment (option 3) is selected.

Alignment along the east of the Aizawl city (option 3): After the option on the west sideof the bypass was rejected, various alternatives on the east of Aizawl city were soughtfor the selection of the proposed alignment for the bypass. The feasible alternativeswere:

' Higher length due to the spread of Aizawl city being in the shape of a T, the longer arm is towards the east, increasing thelength of the bypass.

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M,X'' l.:.m Stote Rocs Project Phose-tIEIA & E',iP for AiZC2v avposs. June 2003

Option 3(a): This option takes off from NH-54 and follows the existing road passingthrough BRO complex

Option 3(b): This option takes off from NH 54 at a distance of about 1.5 km south of

option 3. Just beyond this point, NH 54, while traveling towards Lunglei, takes a left turn

with the hills on the right side. For a short distance of about 500 m, it passes through the

congested area of Zemabawk.

Option 3(c): This option takes off from NH 54 at a distance of about 0.oc km north ofoption 3. It passes through BRO land with a steep valley to its right.

The routes followed by the alignments in Options 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) are shown inFigure 4.2. A qualitative analysis was done and the three options were compared with

respect to various Environmental and social parameters (refer table 4.2).

I W HillsideLunglei Densely Populated Area of Zemabawk

Option 3(b)

Chite Lui

BRO Land_ Option 3(a) Existing

Aizawl __lignment

Town __,__

Steep Valley Option 3( c)

Figure 4-2: Zemabawk End of Aizawl Bypass

Table 4-2: Qualitative Environmental analysis of the feasible alternatives

Attributes Option 3(a) Option 3(b) ! Option 3(c)Geometry 2.9 km existing alignment Entirely new alignment for Entirely new alignment for

13.48 km 13.48 kmEarth Work Lesser than options 31a) Higher, being on entirely Higher, being an entirely

and 3 (b) new clignment new alignmentErosion Potential Er-rc potentiol due to Higher erosion due to Hicher erosion due toori inci C£CUmeCn; u.\. & 44S

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Attributes Option 3(a) Option 3(b) Option 3(c)tipping of soil materiol is tipping of soil material tipping of soil materialless

Land acquisition Relatively nominal land Higher due to private land Higher due to thecosts acquisition costs. and plantation in Aizawl acquisition of private land

Town area. in Aizawl Town Arec andBRO land.

Displaement of Nominal Very High displacement Higher than Option 3(a).peopleLandslide No cases of landslide The alig, ,nt passes No coses of landslidePotential recorded through lands ide prone recorded

area__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Impact on Contamination of rivers Contamination of rivers Contamination of riversHydrology would be less compared would be higher than would be higher than

to option 3(bl and 3(c) option 3(a). option 3(b).due to lesser erosionpotential.

Road Safety No risks due to absence of For about 500m. the No risks as no settlementssettlements alignment passes through are present

settlements, hence higherrisk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Junction with A well designed junction is Well designed junction is Well designed junction isNH-54 possible (Figure 4.3) not possible due to dense possible but BRO land

population is present and would be difficult tohigher displacement of acquire for the junctionpeople would be there

Cost Least costly option Costliest option Relatively costly option

From Table 4.2 analysis, the option 3(a) emerges as the most favorable option fromEnvironmental and social angle and was therefore proposed for the construction ofthe bypass. To mitigate the residual Environmental and social impacts due to theconstruction of the bypass along the proposed alignment, the analysis of themitigation measures is discussed in the following sections.

4.3. MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ALONG OPTION 3(a)

As shown in Figure 4.4, Figure 4.5a and b, there are two schools at chainage 0.407 kmand 0.8 km respectively along the right side of the proposed alignment. The secondaryschool at Km 0.8 is far from the road, on the valley side and is downhill; therefore it isnot impacted due to the project. Safety measures are to be devised for the Pushpakprimary school at Km 0.407(refer pictorial representation of the schools in fig.4.5). Thestudents in the school also need to be shielded from noise pollution due to theconstruction of bypass. Various mitigation alternatives sought were:• Alternative 1: Provision of a masonry compound wall of suitable height (more than the

height of the wall of the school) all along the boundary of the school facing theproposed alignment and extending along the water tank (refer fig 4.5(a)) thus forminga C shape.

* Alternative 2: Provision of a bamboo protection in place of masonry compound wall.

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Alternative 3: Provision of double-glazing in windows rendering protection against the

noise pollution.

The above three alternatives are assessed as presented in the Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Analysis of Mitigation Alternatives

Parameter Alternativel Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Protection of school Highest safety due to Lower safety due tochildren against rood the strong compound Bamboo not being strong No road safety ensuredsafety risks wall

Protection from Noise The Compound woll will Bamboo protection Double-glazing ensures

pollution act as a noise barrier as doesn't ensure protection noise protection, but heat

well against noise pollution, as trapping will causethe noise can easily travel discomfort inside.through the openings in

the bamboo sticks

The alternative is costliestCost Costlier than Alt 2 but Comparatively cheaper when compared to the

cheaper than Alt 3. other two alternatives

The above analysis shows that Alternative I is the most favorable option and therefore

a compound wall shall be provided as protection to the school.

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5. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

5.1. INTRODUCTION

Community Consultation is taken up as an integral part of social and environmentalassessment process of the Project. Public participation involves informationdissemination to the Project Stakeholders on the Project and involving the public in the

decision making process. A three-stage consultation process has therefore beenfollowed in the project. The first two stages of consultation with the ^-ople were duringthe pre-design stage and the post-design verification stage. The follow up consultationprogram would be conducted during the implementation of the project by the NGOs.The objectives of consultation sessions, the procedure adopted and the outputs of the

consultations conducted are briefly described in the following sections.

5.2. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS

5.2. 1. Objective

The pre-design consultation process was conducted by the PCC. Objectives of the

consultation were:* Information dissemination on the Project:* Identification of stakeholders in the project; and* Identification of issues of the stakeholders concerning the project.

5.2.2. The Process

Several tools for consultation were applied and the views, suggestions and theconcerns of the community with respect to the project were obtained. The following

paragraphs describe the consultation process in detail.

The consultation process established for the project employed a range of formal andinformal consultation tools including, in depth interview with key informants, villagemeetings, workshops and door-to-door personal contacts. Consultation was held withthe stakeholders of the project as listed below:* Heads of the households likely to be impacted;* Members of the households likely to be impacted;* Clusfers of PAPs;. Villagers:• Village Council Presidents;* Local voluntary organisotions, and CBOs/NGOs:* Government agencies and departments;* Other project-stokeholders. such as women, prominent persons from the villages (such

as teachers, health workers. doctors).

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Nlizorom Stcte ozcds Project ^hose-lElA & E?1P for Ai:wl EBvpcss. June 2003

A 100% sample was taken up for individual household consultation (door-to-door

personal interviews). The household level consultations were carried out with the help

of a checklist prepared and circulated in advance to the various groups through the

Village Council Presidents. Also village level consultations were conducted. The

information regarding the meeting schedule was made available to the villagers

through the Public Address System5.

5.2.3. Issues Raised During Consultations

The issues of the community in the Project Impacted Villages were compiled on the

basis of questionnaire based surveys and group discussions. Table 5.1 shows the

participation from various villages along which these consultations were held

Table 5-1: Participation in Consultation Meetings

Project Impacted Villages Group DiscussionsMale Female

Zemabawk 8 3Salemveng 18 4Melthum 14 17

The questionnaire-based surveys were conducted between October to November

2001. However, the response to the questionnaire based survey was poor with noparticipation from the stakeholders. The group discussions were conducted between

5th and 6th November 2001. Table 5.2 gives the issues raised during the discussions. Bothspecific issues of villages and common issues raised by the villagers have been

described.

Table 5-2: Group Discussion Based Issues and Responses

Environmental & Social Issues Raised By The Responses from project officialsParticipants

What are the markings made on the houses? These ore identification numbers for affectedstructures.

Why some houses hove not been marked? Since they are not being impacted, they havenot been marked.

Will the NH-54 be damaged? If so whot will you do? NH-54 will not be damaged.

Is the size of the road 24 feet? Yes.Will it be possible to construct roads without In Mizoram because of the hilly terrain, rockdumping soil? cutting is a must and therefore the soil shall be

disposed off at suitable sites.Has the company been selected for construction? Tenders have been sent out for Phose-I and is

under consiructionLand which people buy may cost more than the Compensation for land would be given atcompensation amount. replacement cost.

Each village in Mizoram has a Public Address Systern.vrcgincl Docu-rent byt tC _ES 5-2E-e:iC-eoi ;,cm UL,_'tee - _t. 1 5

Mizorom ":ote Rocds Project Phase-'!-P IeA & EMIP for .A;,cwvl BYpOss. June 2003

Environmental & Social Issues Raised By TheParticipants Responses from project oficials

Do you have sufficient disposal areos? Disposal sites have been identified butsuggestions from the villogers for appropriatedisposal site would be welcome.

Between the time of construction and this period. The village councils have been asked to stoppeople may plant or build on their land to get alottment abutting the project road.compensated. What are the measures to checkthis?What type of bridge will be constructed on Chite Concrete Bridge would be constructed.lui?

Will you use the land of Pachhungo University The land acquisition plan would be made andCollege. Aizawl? then will be informed to the village community.When will the road construction start inside the town Aiz2wl By-pass will start after 2 years and

construction of Phase-I road will probobly startnext year.

Perceived Impacts

The pre-design consultations served the purpose of exchange of information. Followingthe information dissemination, the community's perception of positive and negativeimpacts of the proposed project are:

(a) Positive Impacts* The project would accelerate development of trade and commerce, which in turn

would lead to an overall increase in the standard of living in the villages.* The project would enable the people to save time, money and fuel.* Travelling to places like Lunglei and Aizawl for medical treatment would be easier.* PAPs would be able to sell agricultural products more profitably due to improved

connectivity.

* Value of land will increase after the project is implemented.

(b) Negative Impacts* The PAPs were apprehensive about just and timely payment of compensation by the

Government. People were assured that all possible. and feasible actions would betaken up to ensure that such issues do not arise in the project. They were informedabout the compensation and assistances that would be given to them against loss ofassets, land and livelihood.

* There were apprehensions about timely completion of the project and the qualitycontrol mechanism. The implementation schedule and arrangements, including theprocurement of supervision consultants and technical auditors were explained to thepeople.

* Dust and debris due to hill cutting and the adverse impacts on the volley side were theimportant concerns raised by the community. Appropriate precautions need to betaken for the safety of structures on the valley side.

AMizalarn Store ;cds Project Phase-lIEIA & EMP tor.a.:Cw/I BypOss. June 2003

There were apprehensions of an increase in landslides due to the cutting of hillsideslopes and the trees.

Suggestions Specific to Compensation* Villagers wanted cash compensation at current market prices. However many people

had no idea about the rates at all.* Village Councils/Village Council President were recommended to be involved in

disbursement of compensation money since they enjoyed the trust of the people.* Most of the PAPs had no objection to being displaced provided they were adequately

compensated for their losses i.e. money to build a new house and live as they did priorto displacement.

D Most of those who would get displaced wanted relocation sites to be within the villageboundary and in the vicinity of the present settlement.

5.3. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION

The Independent Environment Review team conducted the post design appraisal ofthe issues raised by the community. The process adopted for the appraisal includes:* On site assessment of issues raised by the community:* Discussions with the stakeholders on specific issues;

* Integration of community issues with the mitigation strategies; and* Design Response to the issues raised.

The post-design consultation was restricted to specific issues raised by the villagers inthe light of the proposed design for the project corridor. The site visits were conductedbetween 9th to 1 3th January 2003. The issues hove been detailed in Table 5.3. Also, thedesign response to the issue has been given. Follow up consultations shall beconducted with the final designs displayed for the public.

Table 5-3: Specific Issues Raised by the Community

Parameter Issue Design ResponseThe protection of the tree known as The PCC design team in their response to"Thing-lu-bul" is a concern as it is of the suggestion of the review team

Protection of local significance. Several beliefs are explored a suitable alternotive. It has beenSacred tree at associated with the tree and hence, suggested by them that design changesProposed CD the villagers are concerned for its would not be possible at this point of time.13/4 protection. Instead the contractor should follow the

protection measures devised for the tree inthe EMP.

What type of road is to be Intermediate lone rood measuring 7.1 mconstructed? Will the existing side formation width and 5.5 m width black

Design drain and culvert be reconstructed? topping will be constructed. The existingside drains. culverts and Bridges will berestored and new ones will be constructedwherever necessary

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,mizorOm StoteR?oods Project Pha.-e-,IlEIA & EMIP t'r AiZ;--vI Svncss. June 2OCL.

Parameter Issue Design ResponseIt WaS decided that the earth spoil If the situation arises, utmost care andwould be disposed off at the maximum precaution will be taken toidentified disposal sites, but in certain protect the structures on the valley side. It

Issues related to cases it could be necessary to blast shall be the responsibility of the contractor,blasting of rock up the rock, which may cause whose work will be supervised by the

damage to the valley side properties. Supervision Consultants.If so, what are the remedial measuresto be taken?

Compensotior If the house is to be shifted, will the According to the World Bank policy, if anysite for the new house be house is destructed, a new house whosedeveloped? value is not less than the previous one is to

be constructed. Value of the house shallbe compensated

Land Acquisition Will you use the land of Pachhungo 14000 sq. mts of Pachhunga University landUniversity College. AizOwl? would be acquired.

5.4. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAMME

The follow up consultation process is to be conducted by the NGO with the objectiveof involving the stakeholders in every stage of project implementation. It involves two

components viz, information disclosure and continuous consultation with the PAPs.These components have been described briefly in the following paragraphs.

5.4.1. Information Disclosure

The R&IPDP will be disclosed at each of the project-affected villages, for the benefit of

the interested community, and the stakeholders. The reports would be kept at acommunity place / libraries so that it is accessible to all the villagers.

The report shall also be available, with the PWD headquarters at Aizawl and the PIUoffice at Aizawl. The report from these places will be available to the public on requestfor reference. PWD project implementation unit office will provide actual informationon policies and other rehabilitation action plan to the people, on a regular basis.

Also, the PAPs would be informed by the NGO of the final project design and thesolutions devised for the issues raised by them during the earlier stages of consultation.Table 5.4 gives the issues and the design responses, which need to be disclosed to thevillagers.

5.4.2. Continued Consultation

As part of the continued consultation program. representation from the PIU shall alsobe present. The following actions are proposed:

* The NGO involved in implementation of the R&IPDP will organise public meetings, andwill appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of R&R works.

:.rcginci Doc.rrmenrtcX ' ~.S 5 5 - evised canc J,occvec _.-

Mlizorom Stole -oods Project Phose-llEIA & EMAP for Aicw,vt Byposs. June 2003

• The functions of Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) through which the project

road traverses should be explained to the PAPs. Representatives of the PAPs will beassociated with the committee.

• Resettlement sites, other amenities and facilities to be made available to the PAPs willbe disclosed to them in consultation sessions.

• The NGO will organise public meetings to inform the community about the entitlements

and provisions under the project. Regular update of the progress of resettlementcomponent of the project (summary version cf the report submitted by the NGO) willbe placed for public display at PIU office.

• All monitoring and evaluation reports of the R&R components of the project will bedisclosed in the same manner as suggested in this R&IPDP report.

Table 5.4 provides the mechanism for community participation in the project, detailingthe different stages of participation, and the roles of the stakeholders'.

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Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-llEIA & EMP torAizowl Bypass, June 2003

Table 5-4: Mechanisms for Continued Participation in the ProjectProject Stage PAPs and their Representatives NGOs Local Officials (in Project and Host Areas) Village CouncilVerification of * Receive intormotion on project impacts. * Carry ouf baseline veriticotion * Assist in baseline verification and * ImprovePAPs for R&R * Participate in the coordination committee. and updation on the basis of updation. intormotion andactivities * Participate in census surveys. formats provided. * Assist NGO in information dissemination. inputs to design ol* Participate in consultations to develop IR * Assist in census and socio- * Participate in Public Consultations, income restorationprograms. economic survey. * Arrange PAP transport to site. programs* Keep records of consultations. * Participate in coordination * Help to document consultations. * Identity existing* Choose resettlement alternatives or housing committee. * Support the village council's work in income restorationschermes. * Organise consultations. irmptementation. schemes* Inputs to design of resettlement locotions. * Representation on grievance * Examine feasibility of IR programs and * Discuss areas ot* Pailicipate in grievance tribunal. tribunal. discuss with PAPs. possible conflictFacilitaoe PAP inter-group

with PAPsmeetings. ______Implementation * Monitor provision of entillements and * Provide ongoing information * Process documents tor LA and transter of * Identity lands torconvey grievances to NGOs and PIU. for PAPs. land to PAPs for relocation. relocation of* Labor and other inputs ot site * Forward grievances of PAPs * Process IR proposals displaced PAPs.* Management oa site and project input and participate in grievance * Participate in grievance redresssof * Form joint* Management ot common property tribunal. * Provide assistance under local schemes managementresources * Provide support in group * Membership of implementation groups for cornmon* Management of community development management committee resourcesfunids * Monitor entitlement provision * Process documents for welfare and socia-* Member of implementation committee and implementation of IR economic services (rafion card, BPL card)programsMembers of implementationcommittee

Monitoring and * Participate in grievance tribunol * Provide information to project * Ongoing interaction with PAPs to identify * Provide inputs toEvaluation * Report to project on IR schemes staff on vulnerable groups problems in IR programs monitoring and* Reports on service quality at site * Act as external monitors tor * Participants in correctionol strategies evoluation of R&Rproject .

C)ric-inu I Document by ICT & CESRevised and Updoted by LASA

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6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The proposed bypass construction would bring benefits for the commuters as well asleod to Socio-economic development of the region. There would be aesthetic

improvements due to enhancements. However, there are certain undesirableEnvironmental impacts apprehended due to the project and the focus of the

Environmental impact assessment is to identify such impacts and assess the scole oftheir magnitude. The likely adverse impacts due the project activities at various stagesof the projec- i,uve been discussed in the following sections.

6.1. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

6. 1.1. Destabilization of slopes and soil erosion

Construction of the bypass will involve the cutting of hillside and thus involvessubstantial earthwork. The cut matericl will be utilized for bypass construction and theexcess will be disposed at designated locations, selected as disposal sites. Theestimated quantities of earth material to be utilized for bypass construction' is as givenbelow:* Earthwork due to hill cutting = 3,40,178 m3

* Earth material to be utilized in road works ' 1,01,137 m3

* Earthwork to be disposed off at designated disposed sites = 2,39,041 m3

* Slopes in Mizoram are generclly of shale and rockbound clays, which have poorstrength and stability in cuts. Cutting of the hill faces, felling of trees and movement of

the heavy construction machinery during the construction stage will have various direct

and long-term impacts. some of them being* Disruption to stability of the cut slopes rendering them vulnerable to landslides;* Modification of drainage patterns and resulting erosion:* Denudation of the hill slope, which triggers various secondary impacts,* Increase in overburden on the valley slopes due to disposal of the debris from cut

slopes resulting in their instability.

The Aizawl bypass, being a new construction. the natural conditions of the project

area will be modified because of massive hill cutting. Disturbances of the slopes willresult in various cumulative impacts, which can extend beyond the project area -affectin3 slope stability, increasing turbidity in downstream water etc.In order to stabilize the cut slopes on the hillside, protection measures need to besought. Various measures like provision of retaining walls for hill slopes and breast wallsfor valley slopes or the adoption of bioengineering techniques for soil stabilization need

For details refer design report and b4li of quantities for the b

S .oncd rccamenf ry C c ': 5 6-1 li .

mizorarm Stc-e RoodCs .roject Fhcrse-lEiA & EA1P for -A :c-' RvPoss. June ?'6u3

to be assessed for their suitability and accordingly designed. Similarly suitoble sites fordisposal need to be identified for the safe disposal of debris to prevent soil erosion.

6.1.2. Loss of Productive Soil

The most immediate, direct and long-term effect of cutting of the slopes is theelimination of the productive capacity and topsoil. Removal of topsoil will not onlyhave implications in terms of loss of micronutrients to sustain growth of vegetation butalso othe, zocially useful plants and crops., Agriculture/plantation areas will beimpacted to a higher degree than the surrounding land due to the removal of topsoil.

6.1.3. Impacts due to quarrying and borrowing Operations

Impacts due to quarrying will last for the construction period. The proposed alignmentbeing closer to P1A, the priority route identified for upgradation during MSRP Phase-Iactivities, it has been decided to take quarry material from the quarries identifiedduring MSRP Phose-I (refer table 3.1). The impacts due to quarrying operations willinclude generation of dust during haulage of the material. The noise levels near quarryarea are also likely to increase due to blasting operations. No borrowing of river sand isproposed. This will be substituted by stone dust, which shall be procured from quarriesalong the project corridor at Km 2.90. 4.25 & 4.410.

To mitigate these impacts, it needs to be ensured that the quarry operations areundertaken within the preview of the rules and regulations in force and adequateprecautions are taken during the transportation of quarry material to the constructionsite.

6.2. IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES

Surface Water Sources

The major impacts on the water resources that the proposed construction is likely tobring are:* The surface water quality in the project area may get contaminated temporarily due to

accidental spills of construction material, oil, grease, fuel and paint from the equipmentyards and asphalt plant.

• The water retention capacity of the area being low due to the steep terrain, surfacewater resources will be tapped for water required during the construction stage whichmay cause considerable pressure on the surface water sources

* Another possible source of impact on water bodies may be contamination fromimproper sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps

* The construction of new bridges and culverts can cause contamination of the riverwater due to spillage of the construction material

Impacts on the water resources alc:cg the project corridor are as listed below:r_;-noi Dccur-nt ov c & C. 6C2

- -. .:s-c _rs ;_,-w;>eH_ -: -1l!6-2

Mizorom StCres oods Project Phase-iY<°".- ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA & EMtP for -. -cwl ,3yposs. JuJne 2003

* The waterfall and the streamlet will not be impacted as they are away from the roadalignment. However cutting of hill and removal of earth will disturb the natural drainageof these streams. It would also severe their present accessibility and availability to thelocal people since the local people tap these streams for their water requirement.

• A portion of the Pond (B) at Km. 2.565 km may be lost due to its being bisected by thealignment. The alignment has been selected so as not to occupy any portion of biggerpond at Km 2.565. However this pond and the pond at Km. 4.083 may becontaminated from road runoff as well as the r,-off from eroded slopes. Pond(C) andthe pond at Km. 8.540 will not be impacted, as they are 23.5 and 14.9 m from toe line ofproposed embankment.

To avoid the impacts on water resources, care needs to be taken that the constructioncamp is located at a safe distance from these water resources and a proper sewagesystem is designed for the construction laborers in the form of septic tank/soak pits.Disposal sites should be so selected so as to be away from the ponds and rivers. Alongroad embankment slopes abutting water bodies and at the outfall of each culvert,various erosion protection measures like stone pitching, gross scales, silt fencing etc.need to be assessed for feasibility and accordingly provided. To preventcontamination resulting from oil and grease spills, provision of oil interceptors at theoutfall point of such discharge into the water bodies can be a viable option. For thewater resources avoided by the proposed alignment but lying along the projectcorridor, enhancement measures may be provided to improve the aesthetic quality ofthe project corridor

Impacts on Ground Water Resources

The Aizawl Bypass' being a new construction, there is not much habitation along theselected project alignment and hence no impact on water sources such as handpumps in envisaged. Thus the overall impact on the ground water quality,.isinsignificant.

6.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY

Traffic levels in the proposed bypass are not high to cause air pollution. The predictedSPM concentration shows an increase of 52.5 ug/m3 in Year 2022. Increase of othergases, CO and NOx will be below detectable levels. Only construction stage impactswill be present. The proposed construction will involve hill cutting, hill planting anddisposal of surplus earth material thereby creating lot of dust in the project corridorduring construction activity. Effects of the increased SPM concentrations duringblasting and earthwork will dominate the construction stage impacts. Localizeddegradation in air quality will occur in areas close to hot-mix plants and batchingplants.

Cr',int ocurncnr tvr zvC5- 6-3

\lizoram Stcre Roccs Project Phase-4- & EmP for Ai;owl 3yposs. June 2I0n

Generation of exhaust gases is likely due to movement of heavy machinery, oil tankersetc. Gases like S02, HC, NOx and other volatile gases will be generated from hot-mixplant operations. Although the impact is very localized, the effect shall be felt in thedownwind direction.

6.4. IMPACTS ON NOISE QUALITY

Traffic levels in the proposed bypass are not high to cause noise pollution in residentialareas. However, at a scnool at Km. 0.407, day time noise level will be in the range of 68dB(A). which is higher for sensitive landuses.

Due to various construction activities, there will be temporary noise impacts in theimmediate vicinity of the project corridor. Operation of Crushing plants, asphalt plants,movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading of constructionmaterials and blasting operations produce significant noise during construction stage.

6.5. LOSS OF FLORA / BIO-DIVERSITY

Construction of the Aizawl By-Pass shall involve substantial hill cutting and removal oftopsoil. This activity will cause following major impacts on the surroundings:• Loss of vegetation cover having shrubs, grasses and other plants;* Felling of about 900 trees (considering the corridor of impact as 15m);* Reduction in soil fertility: and* Dust accumulation on vegetation.

During the bio-diversity assessment survey, species of herb and shrubs, trees and ethno-medicinal plants have been spotted (Refer Annexure 3.2-3.4). However this projectcorridor is not rich in biodiversity and the forest is of secondary type. No animals havebeen sited along the project alignment. Only one rare and endangered species oftree fern Cyathea spp. has been identified at Km. 2.850. However this will not bethreatened due to construction of Aizawl Bypass since it is abundant (an abundanceco-efficient of 4 is estimated during field surveys) in Mizoram.

6.6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Land Acquisition Requirement:

For Aizawl Bypass, 18.15 Ha of land is to be acquired. The maximum proportion of landto be acquired is agricultural followed by departmental and residential. Table 6.1shows the village wise requirement of Residential, Agricultural and govt. land for theproposed construction. The acquisition of land would result in several types of impacts.Each of these impacts has been described in the following sections.

._ icinl Docjrnenr oQv C~ & CES:.se! crc jocc!ec 64.

MiZorom State Roods Project Phose-ll*IA & E,SP for A ,:owl Byposs. June 2003

Table 6-1: Land Requirement (Area in Sq. Mts)

Name of Village Residential Agricultural Organisation/ Departmental_____________ Association _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Zemabawk 13484.08 11260 0 800I.T.I 6287.38 15995 0 16000Salem 30890.69 9316.70 0 0Venghnuai 0 4747.50 0 0Kulikawn 8556.96 24830 0 0Saikhamakawn 0 12200 0 0Melthum 4340 22715 0 0Total land acquisition (Sq. m.) 63559.11 101064.20 0 16800

The total number of project-affected persons along the Aizawl Bypass is 650. Themaximum number of PAHs and PAPs are in the residential category. The PDHs and thePDPs are highest in the agricultural category. Along the Aizawl Bypass, the maximumimpact is in Salem Village, with 91 Project affected households and 209 Projectaffected persons. (For village wise details, refer Annexure 6.4 of combined R & IPDPreport for P 1 B and Aizawl bypass)

Table 6-2: Impact on People

Impact category Residential Commercial Agricultural TotalPAHs 172 0 84 256PAPs 326 0 224 650PDHs 9 0 60 69PDPs 18 j 0 398 416

(a) Households Losing Structure: No structures are impacted in the Aizawl Bypass.

(b) Households Losing Livelihood

Loss of Livelihood for the agricultural properties has been calculated on the basisaofpercentage loss of agricultural land. Land loss of more than 25% of the total holdinghas been calculated as the loss of livelihood. for the household. The total number ofpersons losing livelihood are 398, all belonging to the agricultural category6 .

(c ) Women Headed Households

The entire impacted population belongs is tribal and hence all are consideredvulnerable2 . However, amongst this category, the women headed households aremore vulnerable. A total of 69 WHH are impacted due to the project. And 3 WHH are

The total number of loss of livelihood under the agricultural category is to be verified by the NGOs as during thesurvey many agricultural landowners could not be contacted because of their being "Absentee Landlords".

Since the entire population impacted is vulnerable, an R&IPDP has been prepared.6-5~~~~~edncocu'rcrnt by!cr C. 6-5

-e -0-'d c,-c LpO.cted_g* 5

Mizorom Store Roods Project Phose-llEIA & EMP for AiZOwi Bypass, June 2003

displaced due to the project. The highest number of Project Affected WHH is in Salemalong Aizawl Bypass (refer Annexure 6.7 of Combined RAP and IPDP report for the PI Band the Aizawl bypass)

Table 6-3: Women Headed Households

Impact category Residential Commercial Agricultural TotalPAHs 48 0 21 69PDHs 3 0 0 3

6.7. IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES

The only important cultural property along the entire bypass is the Thing lu Bul treelocated close to culvert 13/4. This tree appears to be very old and appears like an oldguard for the communities close to it. The most risky stage is the construction stagewhen heavy machines are to move close to the location. Since alignment change inthat particular stretch, the safety during construction guidelines need to be stronglyenforced in the vicinity of the tree. During the operation stage, the provision of a treeguard should be sufficient. Since the local people know of its importance, they arelikely to be more cautious when they approach this particular location.

` -inr:I C-a Ccc.r-'.d sv iCTe 6-6

4 \Th tThi M]b 4 I / I\ ) \ f

2 TunsUJ

I ) / 11 jJ | /(>nlk k .)

j8r7. 7Envi enam Mitigation Measures

) \)and Management Plan

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ANDMANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. COMPONENTS

To mitigate the impacts on the significant Environmental and social components, anEnvironmental Management Plan shall be implemented during the pre-constructionconstruction and operation stages of the Project. The components of EnvironmentalManagement Plan essentially consist of• The mitigation and management measures to be followed during the design.

construction and operation stages of the project.a An Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan to be followed during the

construction and the operation stages, for checking the compliance of themitigation measures and for assessing the levels of various pollution parameters vis-d-vis National Standards.

a Bills of Quantity and Specifications for execution of Works identified for mitigationand/or enhancements.The Environment Management Budget

a The mitigation measures have been built on various feasible options to offset theEnvironmental impacts likely to result from the various project activities at variousstages of the project. The mitigation measures adopted for. each of theEnvironmental impacts as ascertained in chopter 6 hiave been discussed in thefollowing sections.

7.2. MITIGATION MEASURES:

7.2.1. Slope Stabilization

Mitigation for slope destabilization and soil erosion: Various techniques as provision ofretaining walls and breast walls are evaluated for slope stabilization, control of soilserosion, safe disposal of debris etc. In case of slope protection techniques withoutthe structural engineering techniques, bioengineering measures are proposed. Suchmeasures include transplantation / inoculation of soil-binding plant species on theexposed surfaces as well as on the valley slope to further strengthen the soil binding.Various slope stabilization techniques are presented in Annexure 7.1.

7.2.2. Soil Erosion

The mitigation measures for stabilizing slopes will also ensure reduction in soilerosion. The other general measures to prevent soil erosion are:1. Preservation of top soil: The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be

covered by embankment foundation shall be stripped to specified depths notgreater than 150 mm and stored in stockpiles of height not greater than 2m. This

Cr gino! Document by /CT & CES 7-1?evied cnd Updoted by LAS' 9 4

MiZorom Stote Roads Project Phose-l1EIA & EMP fOr Aizoawl yposs. June 2003

soil is to be utilized for covering embankment slopes, cut slopes and otherdisturbed oreos where re-vegetation is desired. To ensure this, the slopes shall beroughened and moistened prior to application of topsoil to provide satisfactorybond. The topsoil, removed and conserved shall then be spread over the fillslopes to facilitate the growth of vegetation.

2. Filling of the depressions resulting from clearing and grubbing: To prevent soilerosion, the precautions required to be taken during clearing and grubbingoperation: :-ocludeo All excavations below the ground level arising out of removal of trees, stumps

etc. shall be filled with suitable material and compacted thoroughly so as tomake the surface at these points conform to the surrounding area.

O Trunks, branches and stumps of trees shall be cleaned of limbs and roots andshall be stacked at specified spots and upto a lead of I OOOm.

O The contractor rate for clearing and grubbing operations shall includeexcavation and backfilling to required compaction, handling, salvaging anddisposing of cleared and unserviceable materials.

o Where erosion/sedimentation is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbingoperations should be so scheduled and performed that grading operationsand permanent erosion/sedimentation control features can followimmediately. If the conditions do not permit temporary erosion /sedimentation control measures (construction of temporary berms, dikes,sediment basins, slope droins and use of temporary -mulches, fabric mats,seeding etc) may be required between successive construction stages.

3. Disposal of excavated construction material: The bypass alignment nearly followsan existing road for almost 2.9 kms with a few changes in the alignment whereexcavation of roadway and/or shoulders, drains etc. may be required. All suchexcavated material which is serviceable, is proposed to be used foro Filling up of the roadway embankment.o Landscaping of road.

Unsuitable and surplus material not intended for use shall be transported anddisposed off as directed by the Engineer. Precautions to be taken whiledisposal of debris are discussed in the sections that follow.

The rejected construction wastes can be utilized for quarry / borrow pitsrehabilitation as discussed below:

4. Rehabilitation of quarry/borrow pits: These quarry and borrow areas, if exhaustedwithin the project implementation period and the new quarry area/borrow pits ifused by the contractor, will be rehabilitated as follows:o Quarries and borrow pits will be backfilled with rejected construction wastes

and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation

Oriainal Documenrt by ICr & CES 7.2 Re.ited and UpCoted by LA SA

El NMizorcm Stcte Ro0as Project Phcse-11EIA a EMP for Aizcmvi Bypcss June 2002

slopes will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looksmore or less like the original ground surface.

o To create a safe environment under the terms of The Mines and Quarries Actthe faces have to be reduced to a naturally stable slope or be adequatelyfenced to prevent access to the top and bottom of the faces. Such a fencemust be of a height as prescribed under The Mines Act with a barbed wire topstrand designed to exclude the public from the quarry area.

o Appropriate plant species for the planting progrc-nme have to be selected irnconsultation with ecological consultant and local forest department.Depending on the availability of appropriate saplings, harsh growingconditions (lack of irrigation and hot summer) the planting programme forquarry rehabilitation operations may have to be continued for over 3-5 years.As plantings are progressively established they should be monitored beforeundertaking the next stage to ensure maximum plant survival rates.

o The quarry or borrow pit immediate surroundings should be developed as alow maintenance reserve, with significant areas of native trees and shrubsand areas of longer grass and tussocks forming the open spaces. Walkwaysaround the borrow site must be constructed.

5. Measures for the safe disposal of debris: A part of the huge quantity of debris thatwill be generated during cutting of hill slopes will be utilized for bypassconstruction and excess of it will be disposed at designated locations selected asdisposal sites. Potential sites for disposal have been identified away from thehabitation and hence impact of dust on humans due to disposal of debris is notanticipated. The details of these disposal sites are presented in Table 7.1.

Table 7-1 Identified sites for disposal of excess cut material

Chainage Direction Capacity (m3) Chainage Direction Capacity (m3)1.175 West 5535 7.150 West 6122.200 East 195975 7.800 West 126102.325 East 3170 8.025 West 126106.950 West 2480 9 .300 west 44007.000 West 366 10.800 West 1560

Locations at chainages 1 .1 75 km and 2.325 km were selected as aconsequence of the changes in the alignment of the existing road (thebypass alignment runs along an existing road at these locations), and have acapacity of as much as 8705 m3. The site plan for disposal along theselocations is given in Figures 7.1(a)- 7.1(g). The precautions and preventivemeasures that are proposed to be taken for safe disposal are as follows:

.-rciCincl DoC Jmen, o' iC -- 7.3 4-- nci )CC,-Co'5 LA.'->1

Mizoram State Roods Project i- sce-ilEIA & EMP for Aizc::.! 2yposs. June 2C03

1. In order that the excavated rock / soil does not spread all over on the valleyside, toe walls of the following design will be provided at disposal sitedepending on the amount of dumped material:o Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 mO Bamboo / Gabion Wire Crates / Bamboo Crib Walls for Heights <=2.0 mo Gabions for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m

2. Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m3. 2 -iing cutting of hills and disposal of debris, warning signs will be installed to

the satisfaction of PWD / Engineer-in-Charge of works.4. The contractor will at all times ensure that the entire existing stream courses

and drains within and adjacent to the site are kept safe and free from anydebris.

In case, additional/ alternative sites are selected for the disposal of material,guidelines as described below shall be followed for such selection:

o Residential areas shall not be located downwind side of these locationso Biodiversity assessment of the location is to be carried out for identified

locations. Biodiversity expert hired for the purpose by the contractor willconduct the assessment.

O The disposal sites shall not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc.O In the event of any spoil or debris from the sites being deposited on any

adjacent land, the contractor will immediately remove all such spoil debrisand restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of thePWD / Engineer-in-Charge of works.

o While disposing debris / waste material the contractor shall take intoaccount the wind direction and location of settlements to ensure that anydust problems are avoided.

o Public perception about the location of debris disposal site has to beobtained before finalizing the location

a Permission from the village Council President is to be obtained for thedisposal site selected.

Oigino! DoCuument cy, &C CES 7-4.e'.:sec ond Updc-ed t, L-

Station IAREA = 615 sq.mMax Hgt = 9mVol = 5,535 cu.m

s~~

.P. -b V XALLEX / lE V 0 '' ~c

station *200O \ AREA = 13,065 sq.m

Max Hgt = l5m

0 dii' / i ///% Vol = 195,975 cu.mz

HILL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~St.ation :3HIL AREA =317 sq.mMax Hgt = 1OmVol = 3,170 cu.m

LEGEND rT-.k Pd. Wdl B~ N.I T_*, UNHER GROUND UTIUlES Ed.Etj Pawo.ntLEGEND E e .c.phe. o P d. P a H d Bd P TGr d ErMte Un. (r .l .....-..... y -.- -' Ho Rowd. R-d :-=CPS C Lomp Poot So,oy Rwd Uor7t Tro.1s r Td phon. Ungs ___S7-oro, Uno - -LI,'(L)o PIPropd RUod/Vo mc =_ _R- ..dTrn.porory Eloch Moyl. 1 ROW PMtcr, UMonho e JloeP Bo= Chnh 0oi./Woe Brdl.o T4oldlpoo Cod -- Boood n gngT~ - B-h. TWA & .Tm§ Flog PoPad Wdt. FIP Un. Ultty Bolig---/MR/ClOt- -. o Heytoot., Stone Tr. - T4T.T2*_ OFC Un. GMdge/Cuhvat

- Ne/Wridon.d

GOVLRNI4 17 OFWZORM 120 D 20ALE 1 41000 A-1l,6.ooSCL | : 7.0 (RAWIC NUROWEGOVERNMENT OF WZORAM 20so F%. 7.1 (b) Site Pian pRI - 96Byp-.Foo 2PUBUC WORKS DEPARTUEENT __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for D=pimphg jL1~~~s~

I ~onO beI SSosd y IOloko by IDOrod r

Station 4AREA = 310 sq.mMax Hgt 8mVol 2,480 cu.m

UNDER GROUND UnlJIE Existin PmmoLEGEND Bodnic Paoi. O won * 3a h'ob Tmplb ElBtic Un. (T) Righlt-of-foy -d - Sd Rso - P% dTohophor Poie 0 Hond Pomp e Qod Piibr IUoqu. Elwbe Un -. Go. Pipe Un. oi Poo Side Rood - Unpuvodi PS IW LX p Post Sa o Rood Tcp dg 40o95 no . i Churc� T- ScGog Cag. hcn. H _-Kuchc/HLt P ..p- Rood/Fo-,no - : _C.ntrol Point A OFC P1M" 0 Moniopol Top * Dr roll ts Boi TolophofloCotr awnd./F.nd- doCisr ,dtKITwSr St.r- Tii,m TWT5 @0 t i o i i _tdgo/Cot -Pg N.sid-nidPU?-dll.C St1b T1 T4,T2.T2 . .S Ao_s

SCALE 1 1000 Ais Bp PAt Ltd. RR.dNoiNMBECOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM g 7.1.(c) Site Plan for Nowi DYS onLffOd.9-4D m,Oattm2DAVK NMBPUBUC WOPES DEPARTMENT 20 0 20 40 NowCoDu-pi"o I¶t ii A d______L_______F_- MEN::= hs-r) m

-g X ,qGv ~~~~~~Station :5 <\0AREA = 61 sq.m> \/ ~~~Max Hgt = 6m / \eVol = 366 cu.m °

Station 6AREA = 68 sq.mMax Hgt 9m

7-Vol =612 cu-m/

Station 7AREA = 970 sq.mMax Hgt = 13mVol = 12,610 cu.m

UNDER CROUND unUnEs E.Iting Poon.tLEGEND EI ddc Poao well B EbHor H * Trnpb ic Lbo (IHT) ------ ----- Rdht - -Way Sid. Raod- P.dGPS 0 ~~~~~Tdophon Pole O H a r vl PurpeCalrd PJhr. EWt H,uEtc Ur (LT) G*__ as Pipe U.. H auz pofSdRa - Sid: F=========

O pS * Lamp Podt * SdY Roo ld n .0,075 Tr.a.fo,mr Gurudcl.= TWWapUon. Lb. Hooso-Kuohe/Hoto Propo.d Rood/Fm.stioC.n i PaW t b OFC PtiO r ;a Idobolpl Top a Junetbn e . I Churh g n, TO U U_, dog na =---=e- 9Bund,r /F n T rnpme r Ebne t-. Ta TOlT §0 Sig. Paat

OFC Uno Wdng/Cuhtort - No/*idnad'Hecton t rSten- Tro - T4.T3.T2 e. Ct

SCA 1 O 1000 Fig. 7.1 (d) Site Plan | tt nypo oon DRAWING NtUBER

GOVERNNAENT OF hIZORALb 20 0 SC L20 40 60 fo umig a Conaxobo - .. 22 uw_ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _

PUBUC WORKS DEPARTMENT ____N____for_Dumping__P_____

ZEMABAWK

Station :8AREA = 1550 sq.mMax Hgt =9mVol =13,950 cu.m

LEGEND EIbctb Pob. W. 0 o Bo Hcb. TopJ Elotr UnT-- UNDER GROUND Ufl--l--------- ES.dng PaTI.Z4tT hplono Pde O Hood P.no p e Gu d Pr IOW Uno (Lt3 -. Coo Pip. ULn -- H Hd Rood - Unpo.d

PS dontr Pldn - ° Rood hTihg U Trt Tnd r - - - -Un. S___g_ Un. H_. _dU/Hout. P.-ood Rod/VForrnn_Confrol Pold t FGP 0 Muno*pol Top * eJ_nto Boo II aOOi h__T-p,ypoo B-nh Modk A ROW PM.lr Monho. * gpo.t r WtSoPip.TU. . -UftyWdr S.ldgo/ColotM EMltngKDo,ndw Ston Tro - TB.T5 e a Sgn Poet aOFC Un.-cl.~-Nw~1..Hoctor Son. Troo - T4.T3.T2 ee OW

SCALERI 1 1000 R D nin|. n F Tent Po.t Rid _ o | DRA1IGRO NII-ZR

PUBvC WNMN1 D0PARThORA 2 o 20 40 50 for DumpingPunu wajis D (- -I[[)____ ___ ___ ___ __

\ > Station :9_ AREA = 550 sq.m

Max Hgt = 8mVol 4,400 cu.m

LEGEND UNDO CROWID UnUM EW.U" P-nent~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

E 6 w t ft P . & . w ell B o o .I e r - i . 0 -t d . U n ( K r ) ------ -----F t $ g h t f - ft S ; d R W P a-

V\ 0

0

4v

0~~~

Staffon 10AREA = 130 sq.m r'OMax Hgt = 12mVol = 1.560 cu.m

0

baa

U2ND0 CROUND UfrMmES Explng PrrlLEGEND ~~EbedHc Mde o Well B- Eor Hd Tmpl. / Eleecir Line (MI) ------- ___ ght--Ohy -Sid: RRwd P-PdTd phcn Pde. o Mend Pump e UG PMr.d , I uo.qw E acri Une (LT) - Cc Gs Pip Ulne Hre Pcuca SleRd -Unp.,vd =-=:::::

GPS ~ ~~~i Lcmp Pot c Surw Rw Ucrings 4o.975 Tvesnctr. LI G u.dwaro T. pho n Llnc ----------- r eg Line Mo uKucha/Hub Pnpod Romd/F.-ti-c _~ TpryBmchMrk Raw PHI.r * Beg TPeetJnUn ac

r DnnWctr Eo3w. Llhn. cb -- U utt Eumdg Brldg./Cuht E.UngKU-O Stm Trc- Te.T5 @ Sign Post

OFCC U.. rlfdg./C~Fr N.w/Wid .d

H*t& St- TMX T*.T3.T2 o, o um

PU U WRS DI{PART | 20 0 20 40 60 |for ()ot Du ping rNnr Consodan| SPiU, Rbn - |D

MizOrorn Store Roods Project Phose-liEIA & EMP for AizCwi Byposs. June 29-93

7.2.3. Water Resources

To maintain the water quality of the rivers and ponds falling along the projectcorridor, following precautionary measures have been proposedI. Construction work near the water bodies shall be preferably carried out in dry season

to ensure that flow of water is not blocked and if under certain circumstances, it hosto be blocked, contractor must ensure that the local communities are informedabout the same ir, uuvance.

2. To ensure efficient flow of surface water and to prevent water logging, suitablelocations and design for bridges and culverts are worked out. The existing culvertsond other drainage structures will be replaced or reconstructed as appropriate.

3. Construction work should be avoided during the monsoon season to avoid theconstruction wastes to be carried to various water bodies. Bridge construction shouldbe taken up during the lean flow period.

4. Fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area shall be stationed atleast 300m away fromthe nearest water body.

5. Wastes arising due to the project activities shall be disposed off at approved disposalsites (by adopting the precautionary measures as mentioned above). The disposalsites should be sufficiently far from ponds at chainages 2.475 km, 2.565 km. 4.083 km.8.540 km and the rivers Chite Lui and Lawibual intersecting the alignment atchainage 2.590 ond 3.885 km respectively, to avoid the contamination of thesewater bodies.

6. Silt fencing shall be provided around the stored construction materials to preventsediments of extremely small size to enter the watercourses. Silt fencing shall consistof geo- textile supported by wire-mesh mounted on a panel made up of angleframe. The typical design of silt fencing is shown in Figure 7.2.

7. Discharge of oil and grease is most likely from construction vehicle parking area,vehicle repair area and workshops. An oil interceptor shall be provided at thesewashdown and refueling areas to ensure that all wastewater flows into theinterceptor prior to its discharge. The device has a chamber for separation of oil andwater and can handle 200 L/hr. of wastewater (refer Figure 7.3 for the design of theoil interceptor). The oil float appearing on the surface is removed by periodiccleaning once a week by skimming the oil films from the surface.

8. Construction camps shall be located such that the drainage from and through theccmps will not contaminate any water resource. At these construction camps.methods of sanitation and housekeeping shall be followed as per Annexure 7.2. Thesewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated so that nopollution to any watercourse takes place.

9. To ovoid loss of water source at Km 2.2, provision of a new water collection point is tobe made to replace the existing water tank. A water storage tank with a RCC pipe

Grigiol QOCcun-r,- SV CI & c-S 7-12 ' 7_Aire: 85ed Crn;: i_;_ -:c:c cy !'.-

mizorom Stcre .oods Project Phase-uiEIA & EmP for AiZoWM Byposs. June 2003

of 0.3 m diameter (conforming to IS: 458) connecting the water source at Km 2.2 shallbe constructed. The proposed design of the water tank is presented in Figure 7.4.

5UICPRT',4 E 3- ' 'LE FI-E

G.L. T

Ij ~~ ~~'I . iELEVATION SECTION A-A

GEOTEXTII E FIXED TO L AND T SECTIONS WITH BINDING .WEREAN? 14~~.07 OP SIKLrS i Xs:Pt

-S PEOMIED - I . *ASGLE t25MM I 2SMM .' 3 /, , U ECO C 8

- . _ _ ' ix

PLAN DETAIL AT A

Figure 7.2: Silt Fencing

10. To ensure compliance of above mentioned measures to mitigate the impacts onwater quality, monitoring of water quality. has been recommended at locationsspecified in the monitoring plan for pH, turbidity, chlorides, hardness. oil and grease,TSS, TDS, Total Coliform, Iron, Flourides and Nitrates as per the direction ofEnvironmental specialist / Engineer.

7.2.4. Air Quality

To control air pollution during construction stage, regular maintenance of allvehicles, equipment and machinery is required to ensure that the pollution emissionlevels comply with the relevant requirements of the MPCB. The emissions from hot-mix plants and batching plants should comply with the requirements of the relevantcurrent emission control legislation and they should be installed at locationsufficiently away from inhabited areas. Generation of dust due to debris disposalcan be minimized through judicious selection of disposal sites. Potential sites fordisposal have been identified away from the habitation and hence impact of duston humans due to disposal of debris is not anticipated.

Precautions that shall be taken to avoid impacts on air quality due to the projectactivities resulting in the generation of dust and polluting gases like SO.. NO. and HCare:

. r-l Dccumen: t' ICT _ 7-13_ .' . .-,-_flr,.r. cre ~-'- I

Mizorwn State Roods Project Phose-11. ,'IA & EMPfor AizOwI ByPOSS, June 200.3

* Crushers, batching plants and asphalt plants shall be located at a distance of i kmaway in the downwind direction from the nearest human settlement.

* Provision of wind breaking wall, bamboo screens around the sources of dust such asvibrating screens, conveyors. etc. shall be made.

* Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like crusher dust and soil/spoils shall becovered to reduce spills on existing roads.

* Water will be sprayed on earthworks. temporary haulage and detour roads on aregular basis. During and after compaction of the sub-grade, water will bc -prayedat regular intervals to prevent dust generation.

* The hot mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units. Cyclone/scrubber to controlemissions from the stock of hot mix plants shall be provided in the event of emissionsexceeding the MPCB norms.

In addition to the above avoidance measures, trees/vegetation shall be planted inthe excess space available in the proposed right of way to (albeit partly) settleexcess dust generated.* Air quality shall be regularly monitored for S02, N02 and SPM during the construction

period, at the construction sites and near hot mix plant locations as per the directionof the Environmental specialist.

7.2.5. Noise Quality

Measures that will be followed to avoid noise pollution from the project activities are:• At construction sites within 150 m of human settlements. noisy construction shall be

stopped in the night time i.e. between 10.00 PM and 6.00 AM.• Workers while working on the construction machinery / equipments generating high

noise levels must wear earplugs.* Hot mix plant, batching or aggregate plants shall not be located within 500 m of

sensitive land use as schools, religious places, hospitals etc. Thus the locations near'temple at chainage 0.005 km and the two schools at chainages 0.407 and 0.800 shallbe avoided for the setting up of these plants.

* Feasibility of providing various noise protection measures at sensitive locations viz.noise barriers in the form of masonry walls, bamboo protection and double-glazinghave been evaluated (refer chapter 4 for details). Accordingly, construction of 3mhigh masonary wall is proposed at Pushpak Primary School at Km 0.407.

Monitoring of noise levels at equipment yards and settlements using hand held noisemeters has been proposed during the construction stage and shall be carried out asper the directions of Environmental Engineer/ Specialist.

c,flc!J'CCylme -tv,Cr 0/c_ S 7-15

> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~& - , oc..... _, .. ,.

P.C.C. (m20) FINISHED WONTIC MSFLOATING COAT OF NEAT EMENT67 5 10SLURY SLOPE 1:40 D DRAIN P.C.C. (M20) 100

INLET PIPE 100MM .

- ~~~~~~~~250D MM IHICK BRI"C//RAMMED BRICKBA 2 WALL IN FIRST CLASS <

MOBrrOR / _ R'

F300 75 75MM THICK P.C.C. (M20) BED

SECTION A-A 50 100 50 50 50

AS PER REQUIREMENT RAMMED EARTH - o

_ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~SECTION -El-BSLOPE 1:40

DRAIN WITh A SLOPE OF 1:40- O - 1

SLOPE 1:40 BRICK WALL _I . n .8,

L MS 1j

IR.(AD SIDE DITtHO Z -

1375

KEY PLAN -17 PLAN OF OIL INTERCEPTOR

SCALE

500MM 2WUMU 0MU 500MM 1000UU

I I I I ~~~~~~~~~I

NOTES: ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DRAWN: HRUSHIKESHNOTES DRAWN HROSHIKESH MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT- PHASE 11I 11 FOLLOW WRIITEN DIMENSIONS ONLY CHECKED. H1RUSHIKESH

2) ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED SFIG 7.3. DESGN AND LOCATION OF OIL INTERCEPTOR3) SITE SPECIFIC CHANGES IF ANY, TO BE MADE ONLY ON APPROVAL OF SCALE 1:-0 DESIGNED- HRUSHIKESH Lea Associaltes Soutih Asia Pvt. Ltd.

THE ENGINEER APPROVED DIPALI

<-/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,0

/ / p/b ddutlt 50r RCC of 300m0m mdia

Retaining wallMIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT -

FIG 7.4 WATER POINT IN Ch. 2.200 AT AIZAWL BYPASS PHASEI11

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.

M izororl. Store .oods Project Phose-llEIA & E,uP 'or AiZcwIl Byposs. June 2003

7.2.6. Ecological Environment

Measures to mitigate ecological impacts include

(a) Planting of 9000 saplings, to compensate the estimated loss of 900 trees. This willinvolve taking the services of the NGO to carry out the assignment under thefollowing heads:

o Identification of the plantation stretches alona with PIU.o Preparation of nurserieso Planting of saplingso Maintenance of the plantation for 3 years.

While plantation is a one-time cost, there is a provision to provide financial incentiveto the local NGOs for maintenance. Guidelines given below are to be followed whilecarrying out the plantation:

1. Plantation should be avoided in stretches within the settlement area and theEcological Sensitive area.

2. Adequate consultation with the village council should be made in identifying thestretches for plantation and species.

3. Finalization and preparation of nurseries should be carried out 12 months in advanceof the anticipated completion of construction stretches as per constructionschedule.

4. Indigenous species should be used as far as practicable, strictly avoiding any exoticspecies.

5. Preparation of plantation site including the pits should follow the specification laiddown by the -horticulture department. The specifications for plantation referred inAnnexure 7.3 can be used as a guideline.

6. Maintenance of the planted saplings is also to be carried out by the CBO/NGO.

To protect the trees and shrubs' species during and after construction, bamboofencing or barbed wire fencing shall be provided as per Figure 7.5.

(b) To protect the endangered Cyathea species, during construction, bamboofencing along the Col is to be provided. Further, provision has been made in thecontract to preserve any endangered plant species found during the constructionperiod, as per the directions of the Environmental specialist.

The contract quantities include monitoring of plant species for bio-diversity andmitigation designs to be carried out during construction as per the direction ofEnvironmental Engineer.

C'iCnciioccurnen;: !07 .g C- 717,'e. .ec' fi¢c ltc^ret < . - -- 17= Q

39 18S LOML-. §'rrauc''ng(rd gng

I Bamboo Poles of 75-1001 0 20 1/cLAN 75-1000 Bamboo Bracing (diogonal)

PLAN

ELEVATION(For Small Trees and Shrubs)

125-1500 Bamboo Columns 0 300 c/c

IN CASE OF PROTECTIONFOR THE TREES THEMESH PADS CAN BE

rz ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AVOIODE AND ALSOBAMBOO FENCE WITHCROSS BRACINGS.

ELEVATION(Only for Sturdy Trees)

G.1 Barbed Wire G.l Barbed Wire

OOOmff- to bae°fx ad whith° borbad wpire in a[ ponels TE REtGRT FOR TMEFENCE CAN BEREDUCeR FORPROTECTION OF SRLL -ISA 55x55x8 (typ.)TREES

.C.cC.(M- 15)Bose 900x200x200ELEVATION

(For Shrubs Requiring Shade)

MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11Figure 7.5 Proposed Bamboo and

Barbed Wire FencesLEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. L~

Mizorarm Store Roads Project Phose-ti- . .. 0EIA & EAAF for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003

7.3. CLEARANCES REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BY THE CONTRACTOR

Apart from the clearances that the project obtained (refer Chapter 2 for details). thecontractor shall obtain required clearances and NOC before start of Construction asper Table 7.2. Apart from these, the clearances for the following have to beobtained from the Engineer:* Clearance of Engineer for location and layout of Worker's Camp, Equipment yard

and Storage yard.* Clearance of Engineer for Traffic Management Plan for each section of the route

after it has been handed over for construction.* In addition, the Contractor will submit an assurance to comply with the EMP

provisions to the Engineer.* An Emergency Action Plan should be prepared by the contractor and approved by

the Engineer for accidents involving Fuel & Lubricants before the construction starts.The contractor should maintain a Material Safety Data Sheet record of the Fuel andother inflammable chemicals.

Table 7-2 Clearances to be obtained by the Contractor

SI.No. Activity for which Statutory Authority Statute under which clearance isclearances required required

consent for operation of Mizoram State Pollution Air (Prevention &Control of Pollution) Act,Hot mix plants, Crushers Control Board 1981and batching plants

2 PUC certification for Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles Act, 1989.vehicles used in the Departmentproject

3 Storage and Mizoram State Pollution Hazardous Waste (Management andtransportation of Control Board Handling) Rules, 1989,Manufacture,hazardous materials and Storage and Import of Hazardousexplosives Chemicals Rules, 1989

Indian Explosives Act, 1884 unlessexempted under sec. 14

4 Disposal of bituminous Mizoram State Pollution Hazardous Woste IManagement andwastes Control Board Handling) Rules, 1989

5 Quarrying and borrowing Dept. of Forests andoperations Dept. of Geology and

Mines, Govt. ofMizorom

7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan incorporates the mitigation measures to beadopted during various activities at various stages of the project including theclearances required and responsibilities for the implementation and supervision ofthese measures. The Environmental Management Plan for the Aizawl bypass ispresented in Table 7.3.

7-19

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1...... . EIA & EMP forAizowl Bypass, June 2003

Table 7-3 Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location |.ResponsibilityImpact I IImplementation Supervision

Pre-Construction Sta eP. 1. I o The affected properties shall be relocated with prior Corridor of Impact VC and DistrictACCuisition oa approval of the village and as per the provisions R&IPDP (Col) Vend Disirit MPWD>noLerlies prescribed under R&IPDP prior to start of construction revenue ___________

f'.1.2 o Trees telled shall be compensated at 10 for each treePhub at ree tetted. Engineer,

g of tetc. a The saplings thus planted shall be maintained tor three Corridor of Impact Contractor MPwD

Contractor Mobilization and Site Clearanceo Bamboo fencing as per Drawing 7.5 to be provided

along ihe Col (valley side) at the biodiversity richM. 1.2 areas to prevent debris getting rolled down At location as Engineer,Protection of Bio- o At locations of endangered species like Cyathea spp., identified near km. Contractor MPWDDiversity rich areas a perimeter drain shall be laid along the road length 2.850

(to prevent road runoff) and bamboo fencing alongthe Col as above shall be taken up

M. 1.3 o Construciion camp lo be 500m away from habitations MoRTH: 111.14 Location of EngineerConstruciion camp a All sanitation and drinking water facilities shall be as And Construction / Labour Contractor EgneConstructioncamp_ per Annexure 7.2 MoRTH: I I I. I Camp MPwD

o Disposal sites shall be finalized based on the guidelinesgiven.

o Engineer shall certity that these are not located withindesignated forest areas and confirm that:

M. 1.4 o The debris disposal does not impact naturalIdentitifcation at drainage courses Thogotthe CofatfEngineer,Idetisposal sit of o No endangered / rare fiora is impacted by the corridor MPWD

disposal sites ~disposala The site plan for the potential disposal sites identified

during the EIA as presented in Figure. 7.1(a)-7.1(g)should be referred and the sites assessed for teasibilityof using them as dumping grounds

M. i .5 o The contractor shatl identify locations sensitive toIdeinitiication at landslides and shall duly report these to the supervision MoRTH: 306.3 corriorgoth Contractor Engieerlcrndslide locations Consultant (SC) and to MPWD. I corridor MPWD

Original Document by ICT & CES 7-20Revised and Updated by LASA 7-20

Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-llEIA & EMP forAizowl Bypass. June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsi ilityImpact Implementation SupervisionM 1.6 Quarry o Mate(iols are to be obtained from licensed quarries.Operations o Quality and legality to be examined by the Contractor Refer Table 3.1 for the Engineer.

o Copies of environmental clearances to be submitted . . identified quarries. MPWDto the engineer.

M. 1.7 0 ~Hotmix plants and batching plants shalt be located All Hotmix Plants Engineer.Settinig up of Hotmix i000m away tfom the neOiest habitation. MoRTH: 111.5 Batching Plants Contractor MPWD

Construction StageC. 1. o Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on theClearance of permanent works are to be removed with prior Entire Project Site. Contractor Engineer.vegetation approval tram the Engineer. MPWD

o Damage from works on flora is to be minimumC. 1.2 o Slope stabilization to be taken up as per design MoRTH: 1400, 305, Design DrawingsDestabilization of drawings. To further strengthen slopes. Bio-engineering 2706. 2504, 307 Contractor EngineerSlopes techniques as per Annexure 7.1 con be adopted

o Serviceable moferial shall be used for filling up ofroadway embankment, and landscaping of the

C. 1.3 project corridor. Sites as given in or asDisposol of o Unsuitable/surplus material shall be disposed off as MoRTH: 112.6 and identilied by the . Engineer.Construction Waste directed by the Engineer. 112,2 controctor and Controctor, Engineer MPW/ Debris / Cut o Toe walls will be provided of disposal site depending . approved by the MPDmaterial on amount of disposal material as per the directions of engineer

the Environmental Engineer / Specialist.

o Slope of cut & fill to be planted using bio-engineering Near Ponds in kmC. 1.4 techniques prescribed by the engineer MOST: 305:2.2.2 2.475km, 2.565km. Engineer.Soil Erosionil o Stone pitching on slopes abutting water bodies to be 4.083km and 8.540km Contractor MPWDSoil Erosion' ~taken up MOST: 306.2 408kan850m CotcorMW

o Erosion prevention at culvert outtalls to be taken up __________._.

C. 1.5 o Construction vehicles and machinery to be only in Throughout Project t Engineer(- oInpaction ot Soil Col/Houl roods MOST: 112.6 Corridor Cor ractor MPWD

_________I o Haul roads to be an non-agricultural areasI

7All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work.

n i9inol Document by ICT & CES 7-21Revised and Updoted by LASA

Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-lfEIA & EMP forAizawl Byposs. June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Localion Responsi ilityImpact Implementation Supervisiono Adequate safely precautions shall be ensured during

transportation of quarry material from quarries to the ContracEorC. 1.6. .osruto sieMRH.1. Refer Table 3.1 tar the ColotrEngineer.Quairry Operations construction site. MaRH:1 1.3~ identified quarries. CotatrMPWDo For rehabililation plan tor Quarry / borrow pits, referSection 7.2.

o Crusher dust shall be used in the project instead of. 7. sand. Throughout the Conlfactor Engineer.tJse of Crusher Dust o If crusher dust is not adequate and sand is to be project corridor MPWDhauled for construction.

C. 1.8. o The oil and grease shall be disposed off into pits filled Fuel storage areasSoil and Waler with the clay-shale dominant debris8 produced by /construction camps, Engineer.Pollution iof Imlix earth cutting and ponds at Contractor MPWDplants and o Silt fencing shall be provided while working close to 2.475km, 2.565km,construction waste ponds 4.083km and 8.540kmnC, 1.9 o Consiruction near water bodies shall be in dry season Refer Table 3.2 for Engineer.I oss oo Water bodies o Cross drainage drainage structures shall be as per MoRTH: 305.4.1. locafions of ponds, Contractor MPWD.design ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~waterfalls, rivers efco Silt fencing to be provided at all waoerbodies nearconstruclion sites to prevent sediments from the

C. 1. 10 conistruction site Ponds at 2.475km,Sitiitin o Waeto The number at units of silt fencing to be installed is to MRH30. 2.565km, 4.083km and CototrEngineer,Siltation at Water be decided by the engineer. MoRTH: 306. 8.540km ConMtactor MPWDo Discharge standards promulgated under the EP Act,

1986 for surface water bodies will be strictly adheredto.

C.troio 1. I I o Construction of longitudinal and cross drainage shall MoRTH: 305.3.7 & Through out the Engineer,IAllefatior oft be as per design 306 co(rildor Contractor MPWDo Garbage to be disposed off in hygienic manner

C. 1. 12 o Disposal of night soil in construction camps will be in MoRTH: 111.14 & Cscn mot o,Scriaitation and soak pits/sceptic tanks Consfruction Camps Contractor MPWDwoste Disposal o Regular cleaning of latrines and should be kept dryo Sealing of sceptic tank after completion of works .

This material is a good absorbent and can later be removed and disposed in safer places.

Original Document by ICT & CES 7-22Revised and Updated by LASA

&

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-llEtA & EMP torAizowl Byposs. June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsi biityImpact Implementation Supervision

C. I. a3 Consftuciion work impacting community users shall be Throughout the Engineer,Disruption to other taken up atter serving notice to community corridor Contractor PMWDusers of wafer__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

o The contractor shall take all desired measures asdirected by the Engineer to prevent temporary orpermanent tlooding of the site or any adjacent area

C.1.t4 during construction as well as during Detects Liability Throughout the Engineer.Flood Control Period. MoRTH-: 305.3.2 corridor Contractor MPWDo The scope tor prevention of flooding includes

prevention of loss of use, loss of access of any tand orproperty thereon resulting from flowing or. stagnant

__________________ water as direct / indirect impact ot construction.o The contractor shall take every precoution to reduce

the levels of dust at construction sites to the MoRTH Ill.9. Throughout ProjectC. 1.15 satisfaction of the Engineer. RIt.5, 111.10 & Corridor, all access Contractor Engineer,Generation of Dust o All earthworks to be protected/covered in a manner 111 1 roads, temporarily aMPWD

acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer and as . acquired sites._______________ . per MoRTH.

o The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirementsC. I.16 oa the relevant current emission control legislation. MoRTH: 11 1.5 Ail Hot-mix ond EngineerEmissions from hot- o All operations at plants shall be undertoken in batching plants Contractor MPWDImlix plants accordance with all current rules and regulations

protecting the environment.o The discharge standords promulgated under the EP

Act. 1986 shall be strictly adhered to.C. i.17 o All vehicles, equipments and machinery used forEmlission from construction shall be regularly maintained to ensure Project Throughout the Engineer.Construction that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirement Corridor Contractor MPWDVehicles and requirements of MPCB and the Engineer.Mochinery o PUC certificates shall be obtained regularly for all

vehicles used for the project. Copies shall besubmitted regularly to the Engineer.

Dust Pollution from mus conform to the prescabtted SPM) from crushers MoRTH: I I 1.I crushing Plants Contractor MPWD

Original Document by ICT & CES 7-23Revised and Updated by LASA 30

UI6^Iii Mizoromr Stote Roads Project Phose-llEIA & EMP ftrAizowl Byposs, June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location ResponsiblSityImpact _________Implementation Supervisiono Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery

1.19 shall be regular and to the satisfaction of the EngineerNoise from a Exhaust silencers shall be fitted and checked during Throughout the Contracto

construction operation. It found defective, these shalt be replaced MoRTH: 111.1 corridor. Contracfor MPWD.quipmenls o Noise limits for construction equipment used in this 111.6. 111.13Eqiuipments project will not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in fhe

Environment IProtection) Rules. 1986C 1.20 o At critical locations, especially along school at 0.407 School building has Engineer,Noise at school km. noise barrier wall mode of masonry shall be EIA been shown in Figure Contractor, Engineer MPWDconstructed. 4.4 _ ______

C.1.21 o All measures as deemed lit by the engineer shall bePiotection at taenu EtA Near Culvert 13/4Thinglubul free o Details of measures to be taken up is provided inIhinglu ul treeAnnexure 7.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

o Unless authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor will MoRTH: 302.1 &not use explosives. 302 All

C. 1.22 o If explosives are used, the Contractor will comply with Ac'4 Explosives Al Blasting Pre- Contractor EngineerBlostirng Opetations fhe MoRTH Explosives Rules splilting sites. MPWD

o Guidelines for use of explosives and blasting can be 1983referred in Annexure - 7.4.

o All reas6nable precaution will be taken to prevent

C 1.23 donger of the workers and the public from fire, flood,Risk ciusd by drowning. etc. EniePoetSt otatrEngineer,Risk caused by o All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid mEnire Project Site Contractor MPWDForce Mojure treatment of all injuries likely fo be sustained during the

course of work.o All relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and

the Building and other Construction WorkersC.1.24 (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Engineer.Risk from Operations Act, 1996 will be adhered to. Entire Project site Con' actor MPWD

o Personal Protective Equipment for workers shall beI provided and shall conform to respective IS codes. I

Ouiginal Document by ICT & CES 7-24Revised and Updoted by LASA

Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-//EIA & EMP forAizowl Byposs, June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location ResponsibilityImpact ________Implementation Supervisiono The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.o The Engineer will be given at least 6 working day's

notice of the proposed use of any chemical.o A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site MoRTH i i I

will be kept and maintained up to date by theC, 1.25 Contractor. The register will include the trade name.Ris o Haarou physical properties and characteristics, chemical Entire Project Site.

ACtiviat ingredients, health and sofety hazard information, sael Engineer.ActiviY handling and storage procedures, and emergency Contractor MPWDand firsi aid procedures tor the product. MoRTH 111.6o No man below the age of 14 years and no woman will

be employed on the work of pointing with productscontaining lead in any form.

o No point contoining lead or lead products will be usedexcept in the form of paste or readymade point. .

O The contractor shall take reasonable precaution toCl .26 prevent his workmen or any other persons fromArChrjelogical removing and damaging any article upon discovery. EfrPojcSie Contractor Engineer,Aciaely g O Engineer shall be informed and awaited for instruction Entire Projecf Site MPWDP roperty during which all work shall be stopped i00 m all

directions from the site of discoveryO Contractor to prepare site restoration plans for

approval by the Engineer. The plan is to beimplemented by the contractor prior to demobi-lization.

o On completion of the works, all temporary structuresC.1.27 will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta orClearing ot other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively Construction camps Contractor Engineer,Construction oa sealed otl and the site lell clean and tidy, at the MPWDCcamnp & Restoration Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of fhe

Engineer.o Residual topsoil will be distributed on

adjoining/proximote barren/rocky areas as identifiedby the Engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm -150mm.

C 1.28 O Disposal sites have to be rehabilitated as per Dpaiso cr,Rehabilitation of guidelines oa the Engineer. Disposl Sies Contrctor Engineerdisposal sites

Original Document by ICT & CES 7-25Revised and Updated by LASA

Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-It."ofl- .- EIA & EMP forAizawl Bypass. June 2003

Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsi ilityImpact ________________________ ___________________ Implementation Supervision

C. i.29 o The Contractor shall, at his own expense, conform to Ii.Malaria Risk all anti-malaria instructions given to him by the Entire Project Site. Contractor MPWD

Engineer. I

Operational Stageo Depending on the level of congestion and iraltic

hazards. traffic management plans will be prepared. MPWD, local0.1l1 o Traffic control measures including speed limits to be Mizoram Highway All along the Project government bodies liatfic and Accident enforced strictly. Acf, 2002 corridor and devernent MPWDSafety o Road control line to be enforced Act 2002 surrounding areas. Authorities

o Development authorities will be encouraged tocontrol building development along the highway.

o The project will involve NGOs designated by theMPWD for tree plantation and maintenance as per Engineer

0.1.2 the Terms of Reference given. MPWD. StaleCompensatory o Maintenance works include, watering of the saplings, All along the corridor NGOs, VCs foresttree Plantation replacement of the bamboo fence every year for 3 Department

years and all necessary measures for survival of thesapling. I

Ohiginal Document by ICT & CES 7-26Revised and Updated by LASA

Mizorom S;c!e Rocds Project Phose-1lEIA & EmP fcrAizowl Byposs, June 200.3

7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

The monitoring programme is devised to.ensure that the envisaged purpose of theproject is achieved and results in the desired benefit to the target population. Toensure the effective implementation of the EMP. it is essential that an effectivemonitoring programme be designed and carried out. Broad objectives of themonitoring programme are:

* To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP* To suggest improvements in the management plans, if required• To satisfy the statutory and community obligations* To provide feedback on adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

The monitoring programme contains monitoring plan for all performance indicators,reporting formats and necessary budgetary provisions. Monitoring plan forperformance indicators and reporting system is presented in the following sections.

Physical, biological and environmental management components identified as ofparticular significance in affecting the environment at critical locations have beensuggested as Performance Indicators (PIs). The Performance Indicators shall beevaluated under three heads:

* Environmental condition indicators to determine efficacy of environmentalmanagement measures in control of air, noise, water and soil pollution;

* Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggestedenvironmental management measures

* Operational performance indicators have also been devised to determine efficacyand utility of the mitigation/enhancement designs proposed

The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans prepared for MSRP Phase - 11 areworked out. For each of the environmental components, the monitoring planspecifies the parameters to be monitored; location of the monitoring sites; frequencyand duration of monitoring. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicablestandards, implementation and. supervising responsibilities. The monitoring plan forthe various environmental condition indicators of the project in construction andoperation stages is presented in Table 7.4.

Coainci Document yv:C-, & CS 7-27--. ice, ,-rH UF,^'eci crc! L'p ~ :

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-lfEIA & EMP for AiaZwl Bypass. June 2003

Table 7-4 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Ercv. Project Monitoring Institutional Res onsibiiltyComponent Stage Parameters Special Guidance Standards Location Frequenc Duration Implementation Supervfsion

High volumesamnpler to be Cnrcolocated SO m tbom Air (Prevention Hot mix Once in a month Contractor

Construction SPM RSPM. S02. the plant in the and Control of Hoftc in during Continuous 24 through Engineer,Stage POx, CO, HC downwind direction. Pollution) ues Ptant/Balching construction workin/ doy approved MPWD

Use method CPCB, 1994 period agencyspecified by CPCB

Ail for analysisHigh volumeSampler to be Srtho h nei ot otnos2located 40 m trom Air (Prevention Stretch of the Once in a month Continuous 24 Contractor

Conslsuction the earthworks site and Control of during hours/or for I ro Engineer.SPM, RSPM c~~~~~~oadsdurngthors/or orn1opproved MWStage S P ownwind direction. Pollution) Rutes progress at ihe construction full working monitoring MPWDUse method CPCB. 1994 progessa teperiod day agencyspecified by CPCB siefor analysisGrob sample End of summercollected trom As in Table 3.2 or betore the onsel Coniractor

Construction pH, BOD, COD, TDS source and analye Water quality other tocofions of monsoon and l-tiougleW flei Quatity Stage TSS DO, Oil &P Methods a ar sndards by identfiied by the ery mon-.: approved MPE DSfage Grease and Pb Mexmntions fof CPCB supervision we oioigMW

Wxaterato and consultant construction is in oecWaler and ~~~~~~~~progress close to aecWastewater the pondGrab samplecollected trompH. source and analyze ~~As in Table 3.2 or End of summer

Operation BOD,CO,T,SS souper Stdandardz Waler qualtiy other locations before the onsetOpertio BO,CO,TD,TSS asperStadar stadars b idntiied y te o mosoo inMPWD MPWDStage DO, Pb. Oil and Methods f snrby identifiedoby the 5 moso ind

Grease Examination of CPCnsuperisint 200511 0 nWaler andcostat 21W oste w a te r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

)r' sincai Document by ICT & CES 7-28-i'a~ ajnd Updated by LASA

Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-tiEiA & EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 2003

E n v . P r Project Monitor ng 9nstiluffonal Res onsibilityComponent Stage Parameters Special Guidance Standards Location Frequency Duration Implementation SupervisionFlooding locationsto be identified and Thrice in

Flooding and choked drains, enngso As in Table 3.2 orThienCleaningoft water bodies under Cleaning shel other locations mronsoon andcleaning/ae going siltation and btohe ideniitied by the post-monsoonMPDPWbodies ~~~subject to debris soifitino upervision 2005.200 and

disposal should be the MPWD consultant 2011monitored under

_____ .__________ cleaning operationsFree field at I m Once every Reading to be Contractor

Noise levels on dB trom the equipment Noise A month (max) taken of IS throughNois leels n h At equipment seconds inie' ,al Engineer.(A) scale whose noise levels standards by yards during fhe tor lS minmles approved MPWDare being CPCB construction every hour and monitoringdetermined. period ihen overoged agencyrinne levels Construclion Equivalent Noise Readings to beStoge levels using an As dtrected by Once every taken at IS Contractor

Noise levels on dB integrated noise Noise the Engineer (At month (max) seconds through EngineeP .(A) scale level meter kept at standards by maiu 4during the intervat tar i5 approved MPWDa distance of t5 m CPCB mocations) construction minutes every monitoring0rom edge of period hour and then agencyPavement averogedd.Monitoring of: The parameters To the

I.Storage Area mentioned are Onceteacand Consifuction ~ ~ ~ ~ ~stisea lion atd As storage area month in theEnierMW0 n su * ctiond ) Construction 2. 30 Arrangements the reporting tormat and 'n;u ioirstiuction ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the standards cniutoolsl,clAnrl e 3. Sanitation in C 1. These are to be campssagC. ril I;ps ~Construction checked tor given in the scg

. ____.__ Camps adequacy. reporting farm.Comparison loain sOnce each tmCorsi licinwt r- At loain smonth in the evlu tion atengnelBir Divei sity S iocJe Species diversity Quadrate method w pre-c selected ealaion of Engineer MPWDSag project construction eahst

____________ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~situation by engineer stalqe each__sileSelection oflocations as Once each I timei Io Opeeration Vegetation cover advised by month in the ev timeton of MPWD MPWDI tIrrrr-etirng Stage Isq-m.) Geotechnical construction each sitepersonnel of stage

._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E n qin eer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __En g in e e r

1. 9iyicit Document by ICT & CES 7-29i:evised and Updoted by LASA

Mv izorom Stcte Roods Project Phose-1....... F! A & EMP for AizC,vi Byposs, June 2003

7.6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET

The environmental budget for the various environmental management measuresproposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 7.5. There are several other environmentalissues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs forwhich has been accounted for in the Engineering Cost. Various environmental aspectscovered under engineering costs are listed below:* Dust management in the construction sites* Turfing and Pitching of slopes

Construction of slope protection works as retaining walls, breast walls toe walls, banddrains, gabions.

The other Environmental aspects and their cost, separately included in the bill ofquantities for the contractor, are as detailed below:

Origiinc; Dccumerri r,y ;C 7 s: fSisec .>-c ,.^c - ~ c. -. -ID7*30

ab4*4js Mizoram Stoae Roods Project Phase-fl

EIA & EMP for AizOwl Byposs, June 2003

Table 7-5 Environmental Management Budget for Aizawl Bypass

- I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Unit CostComponent |Stage |Item Unit nit Quantity Total CostMITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT

3m high noise barrier wall at Pushpokschool (chainage 0.407 km) using stoneNoise Construction Random Rubble Masonry wall in cement m3 24 1062 25,488.00mortar 1:3 complete as per technicalspecification 1400 .,Soil Construction Turfing/Pitching Covered in Engineering Co tsOperation Redevelopment of borrow areasCompensatory afforestation, inFlora Construction accordance with Forest Conservation No. 300 9000 2,700,000.00Act(1980)

C(onservation of bio- Construction Mitigation designs for endangered plant m 1500 2 3,000.00cliversity speces with fencingProvision and erection of hoardingsincluding painting and lettering on MSboards of 4m * 2m sizes resting on angle

Information hoardings frame and mounted on MS pipes of No 10000 5 50,000.001 00mm diameter and 3m height,indicating the scenic views along theproject route as per directions of the. ____________________ ____________ Environmental Engineer.

Stability of Slopes Construction Bioengineering measures and survival Lumpsum Covered in Engineering.____________________ monitoring for protection of slopes CostsConstruction of Bus Shelters As perRoadside Amenities Pre- designConstruction Construction of urinals As perConstruction of urinals design

E.vironmental Providing and constructing facilitiesEnvirncmental Construction close to waterfalls as per drawing 7.11 LS 200,000.00_ Enhancement . and the direction of the Environmental .. g, it i i Document by Icr & CES 7-31,- CJ(: upcv led by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-tiEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Component Stage Item Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total CostIN )

specialist.

Providing Oil Interceptors at vehicleSoil Construction parking areas for mitigation as per Nos. t 25000 25,000.00

______________________ ___________ directions of the Engineer .Providing Washing platforms at water

Water Construction bodies for mitigation of water pollution Nos. 2 7000 14.000.00as per the directions of the EngineerProvision of new water point to replacethe existing waterpoint at chainage 2.2km by construction of water storagetank, including construction of tank and Covered in Engineering Costsoint with 300mm dia RCC pipe,

Water Construction protection of the existing source of Nos. 1water complete in all respects and ,providing a RCC pipe of 0.3 diameterconforming to IS: 458 for connecting thenew water storage tank from the water

oint at chainage 2.2 km -Providing dry bolder packing formitigation as per directions of the L.S. - Covered in Engineering CostsEngineerProviding bamboo stacking to protect

Slope protection Construction the ups and down hill side slopes as m 10directed by the EngineerProvide benching to protect the ups anddown hill side slopes as directed by the Sq.m 6

I____________ . Engineer3,01 7,488.070TAL MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST O

MONITORING

,, I: i, ,d )O)CuMlent by ICT & CES 7-32;. -mnd Updated by fLASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-,'EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Component Stage Item Unit nit Cost Quantity Total Cost

5000 for 3Monitoring near all hot mix plant No. of sample 2 10,000.00locations approved by the Engineer samples set

Air Construction setMonitoring at construction siTes in No. of 3000 for 3 9.000.00tandem with construction samples set

Construction At locations specified in the monitoring No. of 5000 4 20o000.00Water Quality plan ape

Operation At four locations specified in the No. of 5000 2 10,000.00_____________________ monitoring plan samples .

Noise Construction At equipment yards as directed by the No. of 4000 4 20000.00Nnguneer samplesMonitoring survival/Effectiveness for bio-diversity and for mitigation design 8

Bio.Engineering measurs .Construction times during the construction period as Covered in Engineering Costsper the directions of EnvironmentalSpecialist

Operation Monitoring effectiveness L.S. - - -145,000.00

Bio-Diversity Construction Spicies diversity L.S. 1- 64,000.00TOTAL MONITORING COST |178,000.00TRAINING AND MOBILIZATION _

Training COperation Training taken place under phase It

Advocacy and Policy Erection of hoardings indicating theMakijag Operation biological diversity and the scenic views No. 10000 5 50,000.00Maktna__________________ ___________ along the project route

it'Jil li) Document by ICT & CES 7*33I;rsed and Updated by LASA

Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phase-liEIA & EMP for Aizowl Bypass, June 2003

Component Stage Item Unit UnIt |Quantity Total Cost

Holding meetings for policy planningand subsequent review meetings withRevenue Department, localrepresentatives, town planning Provided in Phase 11, Buangpui- Lunglei EMP Budgetauthorities, NGOs, etc. regardingdevelopment controls especially w.r.tbiodiversity preservation for a period of 3years.

Admiinistrative Charges Maintenance of vehicle with theincldmingisogistics ChaConstruction Environment Cell, Data processing, Provided in Phase 11, Buangpui - Lunglei EMP Budgetincluding logistics administrative support, stationery etc.

Vel.icle Cost One 4-wheel drive vehicle(Gypsy) for Provided in Phase-the Environment Cell I .

Digital Camera for the Environment Cell Provided in Phase-Miscellaneous Items

Portoble sound level meter Provided in Phose-

TOTAL TRAINING AND MOBILISATION COST 50,000.00TOTAL COST 3,245,488.0TOTAL COST 0

3,300,000.0TOTAL BUDGETED COST INR (Rounded up to nearest 00,000) 0

in,-rl Doc umen t by ICT & CES:scl and Updated by LASA

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8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

Since Phase I of MSRP is already being implemented by the MPWD, the arrangementsfor Phase II build on the suggestions of the Sectoral Environmental Assessment using theexperiences of Phase I as guiding lights. By-and-large, the project implementation isgoing on as envisaged. There are a few aspects of the work, particularly those relatingto the procurement of small service contractors, where streamlining is required duringPhase II. These are addressed at appropriate locations in sections that follow.

8.1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD

The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is entrusted with the responsibility of the MSRP,from preparation to implementation of both phases. Currently staffed with 7 full-timeofficials, the Unit is functioning from PWD headquarters in Aizawl. A Project Director(PD), an officer of the Superintending Engineer rank, heads the PIU. The PD is assistedby three officials (two Executive Engineers and a Special Land Acquisition Officer), oneeach looking after procurement, Environmental and Resettlement and Rehabilitation(R&R) issues. These officers in turn have one assistant engineer each, with an accountofficer also assisting the Executive Engineer in-charge of procurement. Experience inPhase I shows that the existing environmental staff of PIU is falling short of manpower toundertake field visits to inspect work sites. With the implementation of Phase II, all theworks will be running simultaneously. Hence, to ensure adequate supervision andmonitoring from the PIU, another A.E (Environment) will be procured for assistingE.E(Environment) for implementation of Phase-Il.

8.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS

The PIU has availed services of several consultants for the project - for assisting it withpreparation, institutional strengthening and supervision of implementation of MSRPPhase-l1. In addition, services of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) have alsobeen procured as part of the project for implementation of the R&R activities andplantation on the roadside, where extra land is available and has recently beendeclared as road reserve. Implementation of the actual construction will be throughContractors procured through International Competitive Bidding (ICB) route. For majormaintenance component, field units (divisions) of the PWD will act as supervisors and aconsultant is expected to provide quality assurance services. Contractors formaintenance component are to be procured through National Competitive Bidding(NCB). The project will also require monitoring by other government agencies as MPCB,Department of Environment and Forests etc., at various points in the project cycle.

The implementation mechanism of PIU, environmental cell is shown in the flow diagramin Figure 8-1.

Origincl Document by tCT a CES 8-A,Revised onc Upcc'ed by LaSA

Engineer-in-chief

--, Project Director - MSRP |-- -

'V - Env. S.pecialistSpecial Land * * GRC EE +____ _ __ -Eof the Enaineer D.O. (Major )

Acquisition Officer D (Environment) rtM arid sUIort Maintenance)- ~ ~ ~~~- l]4M Professionals-

AEE ~~~~~~~~~iI7'IIiiI1___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AEAEE (R&R) i ---- -- -- E-II C Cons-,> AEEs

R&R Manager VLC 14 (Environment) (Environment) B ultant|

KEY~~~~~~~~~~

Independent M&EI NGO Contractor Consultants ContractorConsultant for implementing NGO for for mplementing

R&R ~~~Roadside -ImplementingR&R activities Non plantationaUpgradation Additional Major

8.1 1 Implementation Arrangement nt Studies Maintenance

KEYMSRP =Mizoram State Road Project GRC = Grievance Redressal Committee DO = Divisional OfficerEE =Executive Engineer DLC = District Level Committee QA = Quality AssuranceAEE =Assistant Executive Engineer SC = Supervision ConsultantAcc. Of f = Account Otficer VLC= Village Level CommitteeMPCB =Mizoram Pollution Control Board M&E =Monitoring & EvaluationNGO Non Governmental Organization R&R Resettlement & Rehabilitation

Figure 'Arne ntMIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.8.1 Implementation ArageetPHASE II, PWD, New Delhi

GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM

AMizorom Stote Rocdrt Project Phose-11EIA & EMP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003

8.2.1. Environmental Cell, PIU

The Environmental Cell within the PIU, MPWD, established as part of Phase 1, includesthe Executive Engineer and an Assistant Environmental Engineer. They operating, asrepresentatives of the employer and as a unit, are to ensure that the MSRP complieswith the environmental covenants of the agreement with the IDA.

The Environmental Cell will continue to:* ,.; ,iitor progress of the implementation of the EMP measures in consonance with the

timeline for the project within the allotted budget;Support Division offices' staff on the implementation of ESMP measures along the routesselected for the major maintenance component;

* Maintain interaction with the various other statutory bodies like Mizoram PollutionControl Board:

* Occasionally inspect the environmental measures being implemented by theContractor and the NGO responsible for plantation on the roadside, where extra land isavailable.

• Report progress of works, both in terms of physical progress and quality for transmissionto statutory authorities such as the World Bank Group;

• Facilitate training of appropriate PWD staff on Environmental aspects, either throughthe Environmental Specialist(s) of the Construction Supervision Consultants and/orExternal trairers; and

• Document and disseminate good practices, bottlenecks and their resolution during theimplementation of environmental measures as part of MSRP.

Project Co-ordinating Consultants

The role of the PCC, procured to assist the MPWD during project preparation, isgradually reducing as the project moves entirely into the implementation stage.However, their limited presence will remain beyond preparation until the end of theproject. A limited input from the Environmental and Social Experts is envisaged whenthe Supervision Consultant (SC) for Phase 11 mobilizes. This will essentially be forproviding the SC with an overview of the environmental issues that will need to beaddressed during implementation.

Supervision Consultants

The Supervision Consultants, to be procured to assist the PIU with implementation ofupgradation component, once the project documents are ready, will be the key toensure the successful implementation of EMP provisions during Phase 11. As the'Engineer' for the Contract, the SC will certify the Contractors' bills. Since ICBprocurement is envisaged, the selected consultants are expected to have thenecessary professional(s) to tackle the issues that MSRP Phase ll is likely to bring up. TheEnvironmental Specialist of the SC will be a key position, which can be leveraged toOriginal Documenit by ICT S CES 8.3-ev5ed onc! Ucc Oy Al 'Ay -A3 7

Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-llEIA & EMP for Aizowl 8yposs, June 2003

ensure that the Contractor complies with the various EMP requirements. The draft Termsof Reference for Environmental Specialist are given below:

The Phase 11 of MSRP will involve the improvement of the southern part ofAizawl-Thenzawl-Lunglei Road (PI) between Buangpui (km 100.0001 to Lunglei (km169.400), construction of the Aizawl bypass and maintenance of various routes asspecified in the preceding chapters. Environmental Management Plans have beenprepared for these routes which need to be followed during the implementation of thecivil works. The key responsibility of the Environmental Specialist will be the successfulimplementation of the EMP. In addition, s/he will report to the PIU and the World Bankon the progress of environmental protection and/or enhancement works as envisagedin the EMP. S/he will also ensure that the environmental capacity available to the PIUduring implementation of MSRP is successfully transferred to MPWD in general and PIUstaff in particular. The desired qualifications of the Environmental Specialist are:* A degree in Civil and/or Environmental Engineering* 15 years of experience in Supervision of implementation of Environmental Management

Plan including at least one linear project* Prior practical experience in Hill Roads would be an advantage

His/Her responsibilities will include:* Supervise and monitor the implementation of EMP by the Contractor• Review and approve site-specific environmental mitigation/enhancement designs for

waterfalls, locations for biodiversity protection, etc. worked out by the Contractorbased on the sketches provided in the EMP prepared during project preparation

* Review and recommend the Contractors' Implementation Plans for approval (with anychanges that may be necessary) to ensure compliance with the environmentalprovisions of the Contract

* Hold regular meetings with the Environmental Cell of the PIU and keep it updated onthe progress of site works

* Prepare and submit Environmental progress report to the Environmental Cell* Develop and organise environmental training programmes to upgrade the skills within

the staff of the Environmental Cell, Contractors and other MPWD staff* Document and develop good practices during project implementation for wider

dissemination

MSRP Phase II will require continuous environmental supervision. It is desirable to havefield staff with environmental expertise to be on site for the duration of construction.Experiences of Phase I implementation are provided in Appendix 8.1. These indicatemore sensitization of the contractor staff and adequate training is also required.Hence, either the field engineers supervising construction can be trained onenvironmental aspects or one dedicated junior staff may be stationed for the durationof the project.

Originci Document by ICr a CES a-4Revised and Uoccred by LASA

4Mi:Orr: Stote Roods Project Phcse-it-*S EIA & E,IP for Aizowi Bypcss. June 2003

Non - Governmental Organisations

Phase 11 of MSRP will utilise the services of a NGO for the implementation of R&Ractivities as well as for the plantation on the roadside, where extra land is availableand has recently been declared as road reserve. The NGO will follow the specificationsappended to the Environmental Management Plan for planting of saplings and for themaintenance of plantation for 3 years. A separate amount is budgeted for thisroadside plantation in addition to that for compensatory plantation at the rate of 10saplings for each tree felled. Training has been conducted as part of Phase 1, twice.The second training session has strong representation from NGOs. However, it is felt thatfurther training is required. Hence, when the sessions are conducted, they can alsosend their representatives for training programmes conducted by the CS and/or PIU sothat these gross-roots level workers can go back to the site and train village councilrepresentatives of settlements.

Quality Assurance Consultants

The major maintenance component in Phase 11 requires more environmentalsupervision than envisaged for Phase 1. Since the Kanhmun - Tuilutkown (M2) corridorposses through Dampa Tiger Reserve towards its southern end for nearly 10 km, it issuggested that Type Ill treatment that envisages building the road subgrade upwardsbe avoided in this section of M2. This is reflected in the ESMP. Moreover, the Zobawk -

Haulawng road (M6) is being converted from its current earthen condition to ablacktopped road. Therefore, the levels of impact are anticipated to be higher on thisparticular stretch. The QA consultants need to be aware of these special requirements.From the experiences of Phase 1, it is evident that the contractor is not implementingany of the environmental safeguards suggested in the ERMP. Hence, it is required tosensitise the contractors in environmental issues through extensive trainingprogrammes. It is expected that like Phase 1, there will be provision for Environmentalstaff as part of the QA consultants' ToR so that these issues are accorded dueimportance. Dedicated staff shall be provided for supervision from the PIU. Adequatetraining has to be provided to the contractors - especially for maintenance corridors.

Contractors

The execution of the works will be responsibility of the contractor. This contractor willalso implement the environmental measures since they are already a part of the BoQfor Phase 11. This has been done with a view to ensure that road construction andenvironmental management go together. As executioners guided by the EMP and/orESMP, Contractors need to be sensitised to the needs of Hill Roads. Though theindividual Contractor's set up will vary, they are expected to have sufficientenvironmental input to ensure that works entrusted to them are implemented on theground. Civil, Engineers with implementation experience on highways, and an

_ 19 _ 17 .n E

;h i-Qrom State Roods Project Phase-8EIA & ENIP for Aizowl Bypass, June 2003

understanding of environmental issues, or better - post-degree qualification inenvironmental engineering should provide a continuous expertise with the SC'sEnvironmental Specialist. The responsibilities of Environmental Engineer of theContractor are:* Provide key inputs in the development of the Contractors' implementation plan for all

construction activities, including haulage of material to site, adhering to therequirements of the EMP and getting approval of SC on the same before start of works.

* Ensure that the regulatory nermissions required for the construction equipment, vehiclesand machinery (given in the EMP) have been obtained and are valid at all times duringthe execution of the project.

* Identify locations for siting construction camps and other plants, machinery, vehiclesand equipment, as well as locations for storage and disposal of wastes, both from theconstruction camps and from the site and obtain approval for the same from theEnvironmental Specialist of the SC.

* Detail out site-specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures based onsketches provided as part of the EMP and obtains approval of SC for the same.

* Carry out the measurements of environmental mitigation and/or enhancement worksand prepares bills for the some for approval and payment through the SC'sEnvironmental Specialist.

* Ensure that the safety of the workers and other site users is not compromised duringconstruction.

* Ensure that proper monitoring facilities are available for collecting samples of alldischarges from the Contractor's plants, equipment and camps.

* Verify the extent of environmental compliance at sites from where the Contractor isprocuring the material - quarries, crushers or even sand and suggest appropriatemitigation measures, if required.

* Participate in training programmes and assist the PIU in preparing documentation forgood practices in environmental protection as part of MSRP.

Monitoring Environmental Activities

The monitoring plan prepared for Phase 11 focuses on activities, which can havesignificant environmental impacts and can be controlled with appropriate mitigationand/or enhancement measures. The results of monitoring will provide importantinformation regarding the effectiveness of the proposed measures and thus influencedecision-making process. Monitoring includes the use of:* Visual observations of activities which (can) cause pollution* Sampling and analysis of air, water samples or noise levels close to sensitive receptors

at regular specified intervals using methods specified in the EMP.* Feedback from NGO for IBA'sX Surveying and enumeration of biodiversity

0Qr5iginci Docur-''- o 'C- r.-' 8.6- e s _c con _ --. -* 8 -

E,Mizorom Store Roods Project Phase-IlEtA & EMP for Aizowl Byposs, June 2003

8.3. REPORTING SYSTEM

Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensurequality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reportingsystem is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of theEnvironmental Management Plan get implemented in the project. Reporting system forthe suggested monitoring program operates at two levels as:. Reporting for environmental condition indicators and environmental management

indicators* Reporting for operational performance indicators at the PIU level.

The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor reporting to theSupervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the Project Director. All reporting bythe Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis. The MPWD shall be responsiblefor preparing targets for each of the identified EMP activities. All subsequent reportingby the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the MPWD before thecontractors move on to the site. The reporting by the Contractor will be monthly reportlike report of progress on construction and will form the basis for monitoring by theMPWD, either by its own Environmental cell or the Environmental Specialist hired by theSupervision Consultant.

Along with these reports, NGO shall report progress of plantation and survival rate asper the monitoring plan. Table 8-1 summarises the monitoring and reportingarrangements. Individual formats are given in Annexure 8.1.

Table 8-1 Desired Monitoring and Reporting Process and ResponsibilitiesFormat Supervision Consultant PIU, MPWDNma t Target Sheet Timing Supervision RePI to Compliance Report to

No. i _______________ ___________ uperviIo PIU, MPWD Monitorin2 WBConstruction Phase

Beforeci construction camp construction Quarterly Quarterly As required Quarterly

C2 Disposal locations construction As required One time Quarterly

C3 Borrow areas cefore As required One time Quarterly

C4 fProtection measures Before Quarterly One time As required Quarterlyfor endangered flora construction I______ ____

05 Pollution monitoring Duri'ng Areued After Qurel__ Poilution monitoring Construction Asrequired Monitoring QuarterlyC6 leanings Construction Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly_ _ _ _ openings_ _ _ _ _ _j

C7 Bio-diversity Construction Quarterly Quarterly QuarterlymonitoringI

Operation Phase01 Roadside plantation Operation I _ Quarterly | Quarterly02 I Culvert openings Operation u I Quarterly Qucrterly03 Bioengineering Operation | _ As required Quarterly

C:inc! .!oc;n; ' . C ; E 8-7_ -j,, o ---'~~~~~-7 , : A ,,:', *

:,-orcm State Roacs Project Ph'ose-ItEtA & \lP for AiZowl SyposS. June 2003

8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD

The preparation of two phases of MSRP and the training programmes that have beenorganised during this period have sensitised members of the PIU and many key MPWDofficials to environmental issues in the project. Targeted training modules and a clearsetting of priorities by the PIU have been the key to success of the training so far. Thisneeds to be built upon during the course of remainder of the MSRP so that the MPWDbenefits from the expertise acquired by its staff well beyond the completion of MSRP.

To enable the MPWD integrate environmental and social issues in its day-to-dayoperation as well as future road development projects, the training programme hasevolved with the project. Substantial understanding regarding the key issues in MSRP isalready evident with increased participation in the two programmes held so far. Thesite visit to the offices of PIU. Gujarat State Highways Project, has also been quite usefulfor the members of the PIU and the environmental staff of the Supervision Consultant.During this visit, the GSHP experiences on implementation were shared with the MPWDofficials. They also visited sites where construction was in progress.

The main focus of future training programmes has to be on implementation. Sinceproject preparation is drawing to a close, the MPWD officials can concentrate onsimultaneous progress of Phase I and 11. Identification of candidate locations for sitingconstruction camps, disposal of excess cut material, water harvesting structures wouldbe a priority in the short term. The proposed training should also allow the officials toenhance their skills for effective monitoring of project by understanding the formatsdeveloped for reporting. Other issues that the training can cover include the stability ofslopes, their protection using civil engineering structures as well as bioengineeringtechniques, biodiversity and its protection, etc. For the former, on-site training such asin Nepal can be considered while for the latter, training can be sourced from thebiodiversity centre being planned in Imphal for the Northeast region.

In addition, close interaction is required among members of the PIU responsible for theEnvironmental and R&R activities since it is envisaged that the two aspects will have aconsiderable overlap. It is envisaged that the training as part of MSRP will includetraining on several issues important for both teams simultaneously. The followingmodules (Table 8-2) are will be taken up as part of MSRP Phase II:

Table 8-2: Modules for further training during MSRP 11Session Particulars Short Description

I Timing: After finalisation of Contracts for Overview of responsibilities in MSRPNGO and Civil Works * The roles and responsibilities of the CS. NGO and theTarget Group: Members of PIU. Contractorrepresentatives ot NGO, Environmental . Reporting arrangementsSpecialist of CS. Environmental staff of * Contractual obligations. Environmental Protection andthe Civil Contractor Social DevelopmentNo of Trainees: 20 Speciol Issues in MSRPMode of Training: Lectures, Presentaliol. n The imnportance ot slope protectionDiscussions Sile visits along Phase I .jodiversitv a_r 0o0 consiructicncDocumenr cv ICT _:S 8 I 1ondc a - . -U cCA,

itrzoram Stote Roads Project Phase-il. _ EMP for Aizowl Bypcss. June 200?

Session Particulars Short Descriptionroute(s) * Preparation of Micro PlansResponsibility: External Agency or PCC, * Income generation and Economic RehabilitationPIU

1I Timing: During implementation of Phose Inter-Departmental Co-ordination11 of MSRP * Clearance requirements and prescribed proceduresTarget Group: Members of the PIU. Senior * Expectations of other departments - documentation andstaff of the MPWD's Planning Cell follow-upNo. ol Trainees: tO . Developing formats for ease of reportingMode of Training: Lectures, Discussions. * Improved co-ordination with Village CouncilsPresentations, Role Play Long term issues In Road Planning in MizoramResponsibility: External Agency or PCC. * Emerging trends in Environmental and Social AssessmentsCS. PIU * Priority corridors. Protected Areas and conservation needs

* Consultation and Public Involvement in Road Planning* Highway Development and diseases

The total expenditure on training, inclusive of site visits; per diems and training fees willbe approximately INR 1.0 million.

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I" ~~Annexures

M\izorom State Rocds Pr: ect Fhose-.EIA & EAIP for AiZowi Bypcis . !une 2003

Annexure 3.1

Rare and Endangered Plant Species

SCIENTIFIC NAME HABITMikania sp. Woody climberMukia maderaspantana (Linn) Woody climberPueravia sp. Woody climberRhamus nepolensis (Wall) Woody climber (berry)Rhaphidophra grande ClimberTaperia sp. - do -Thunbergia Grandhi (Roxb. Ex. Rolfe) - do -Thunbergia coccinea (Wall) - do -Trichosanthes bracteata Climbing PlantVitis repens ] ClimbersAegle marmelos | Garden PlantAgeratum connyzoides | Garden PlantAsparagus recemosusMusa paradisaca Wild ShrubTinospora cordifolia ClimberSwertia chirayita (Roxb.) ClimberSaccharum arundinaceum Kons flowerAsplinium sp. [ FernAngiopteris T Fern

Onginol Document by Icr a CESRevised ond Updated by LASA

Mizoram Stlte Roacis Project Phoee-uEIA & EMP forAizrjwl HypOas. Ju ne 2'((A

Annexure - 3.2AIZAWL BYPASS

(16 Kms. Altitude: 717 - 1010m)Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs & Shrubs

(of 1 sq. metre size quadrate)Total number of Number of Total number FrequencyName of Species Individuals of quadrats of quadrats Incy Abundance Density

each species occurrence studied in %I. Ageratuml) conyzoides 22 17 30 56.66 1.29 0.732. Bidens biteinata 40 28 30 93.33 1.42 1.333. Saccharurm longiselosum 48 30 30 100 1.6 1.64. Clerodendlun1 colebrookionun 2 2 30 6.66 I 0.065. MikOania miciantha 38 30 30 100 1.26 1.266. Chinolciena odoiata 24 18 30 60 1.33 0.87. Cynodon doctylon 30 24 30 80 1.25S. Thystiloloenao nmaximoa 20 17 30 56.66 1.17 0.669. Melistomoa malabotalricumn 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.410. Didymochloena hruncatula 52 30 30 100 1.73 1.73II. Spilonhes acmella 18 13 30 43.33 1.38 0.612. Rubus ellipticus 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.1613. Holigarna longifolia I 1 30 3.33 I 0.0314. Mimosa pudica 8 3 30 10 2.66 0.2615. Lantona camaca 3 3 30 10 1 0.316. Gleicheni liaeais I 9 30 30 1.66 0.517. Cynoglossum zeylanicumil 8 6 30 20 I .33 0.2618. Maeso ramentacea 5 4 30 13.33 1.25 0.1619. Anocitntihus Ijicolo;I 2 3 30 10 0.66 0.0620. Thysanoloeno maximiac 8 6 30 20 1.33 0.2621. PlumJruer acominII la 1 2 8 3( 26.66 I .5 0).422. Fleminigia shiicta 6 5 30 16.66 1.2 0.223. CissoanPelos pareirac I 7 30 23.33 1.57 0.3624. Rhus senjialala I I 30 3.33 1 0.0325. Curculigo cIassifolia 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.4

(jnigiiOJ itJ u'Iw&l,. oy 1(1 & CESf'evisecl in-d I lclotlerJ by LASA4

Mizorcim State Roads Project Phose-iIEIA & EMP forAizowl Bypass. June ?Oi

Name at STotal number of Number of Total number FrequencyName of Sp-cies individuals of quadrats of quadrats in Abundance Densityeach species occurrence studied26. Rubus birmanicus 15 12 30 40 1.25 0.527. Urena lobata 7 6 30 20 1.16 0.2328. Milax ovclifolia 10 . 8 30 26.66 1.25 0.3329. Cyothec deolbata 4 i 30 3.33 4 0.1330. Solonum loivuum 8 7 30 23.33 1.14 0.2631. Blumea alala 27 24 30 80 1.13 0.932. Bridelia squomosa 10 8 30 26.66 1.25 0.3333. Irnpeiata cylindrica 47 30 30 100 1.56 1.5634. Hedychiumn coccineumn 4 3 30 10 1.33 0.1335. Smilax perfoliaia 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.1636. Alocosia fomnicata 2 2 30 6.66 i 0.0637. Impatiefis porrecto 13 9 30 30 1.44 0.4338. Phrynium capitatumil 6 5 30 16.66 1.2 0.239. Caryota urens 2 I 30 3.33 2 0.0640. Costus speciosus 15 9 30 30 1.66 0.541. Clerodendr umii viscosum 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.442. Poligonunii chiniense 20 17 30 56.66 1.17 0.6643. Hedyotis scandens 17 13- 30 43.33 1.31 0.5644. Melocanno baccifera 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.16

Oriwpnoi DoCum,ent by ICt & CESRevised ond I pciated by I ASA

Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phase-IIEIA & EMP forAizowl BYPOSS, June 2003

Annexure -3.3AIZAWL BYPASS

(1 6 Kms. Altitude: 717 - 1 010 m)Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees

Total number ot Number of Total number Frequency

Name of Species individuals of each quadrats of quadrats Abundance Density

species occurrence studied In %

1. Ficus Semicordaia 12 7 10 70 1.71 1.2

2. Macat ungco inclica 24 8 10 80 3 2.4

3. Trema orientalis I 1 7 10 70 1.57 1.1

4. Callicaipo aiboiea 8 4 10 40 2 0.8

5. Castanopsis tribuloides 5 3 10 30 1.66 0.5

6 Poikia tinmo6iana 6 4 10 40 1.5 0.6

7. Duabanga grandifloia 3 2 10 20 1.5 0.3

8. Saurauin nopoulensis 5 6 10 60 0.83 0.5

9. Albizzia cflilensis 4 7 10 70 0.57 0.4

10. Cinnctmomtint verum) 2 I 10 10 2 0.2

11. SecUlin)egO vilosa 13 6 10 60 2.16 1.3

12. Artocarpus heferophyllus 13 4 10 40 3.25 1.3

13. Schimna khcsicina 7 5 10 50 1.4 0.7

14. Rhus sen-ricilolak 16 10 10 100 1.6 1.6

15. Lithocarpus puchyphylla 13 10 10 100 1.3 1.3

16. Quet cus flelphei iono 1 2 9 10 90 1.33 1.2

17. Quercus polyslachya I 1 7 10 70 1.57 1.1

18, Spondicts pinnoia 6 4 10 40 1.5 0.6

19. Schir-na wallichii II 10 10 100 1.1 1.1

20. Eniblica officinctlis 1 3 9 In 90 1.55 I.3

2 1. Bauhimilia va iegoi) 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7

22. Albizzioi fliotilsoni 6 5 10 50 1.2 0.6

23. Rhus saccedanea 4 3 10 30 1.33 0.4

24. Lithocatpus xylocarpo 9 7 10 70 1.28 09

coiginal D,r,cuei by ICt y rCES _

EREvisecl ond- UpdoleJ by LASLA

Mizorom Stote Roocis Project Phose-llEIA & EMP forAizowl f/ypras, Jur,e 2&00,

Name of Species Total number oa Number of Total number FrequencyName of Species individuals of each quadrats of quadrats in% Abundance Density

.______________________________ species occurrence studied n %

-25. Lilsea cubeba 5 4 10 40 1.25 0.5

26. Ficus hirto 5 3 10 30 1.66 0.5

27. Wenlcndio grondis 15 10 10 100 1.5 1.5

28. Derris robusta 7 4 1O 40 1.75 0.7

29. Eurya cerasifolia 13 10 10 100 1.3 1.3

30. Ficus piostrata 3 2 10 20 1.5 0.3

31. Psidium guaiava 4 2 10 20 2 0.4

OGiginol Document by ICT & CES .AARevised and Updated by LASA 4

Atizororn Slate zZc_ : Phcse-ll.IA & EAt? for,Aiz.N c-zcs :une 2003

Annexure - 3.4

AIZAWL BYPASSList of Ethno-medicinal plants

Name of species Local Name Uses

1. Holigarna longifolia Kawhtebel Juice of Crushed roots / leaves tcken fcr colic /stomache

2. Mikania microntha Japan hlo Juice of leaves taken externally for fresn wound andinternally in malaria, fever, dysentery & diarrhoea.Decoction of leaves taken for stomache clso.

3. Clerodendrum Phuihnam Infusion of leaves is token as vege:cble to curecolebrookianum hypertension4. Alocasia fornicata Baibing Juice of the plant is applied on snakebite

5. Chromoloeno odorata Tlongsam Juice of crushed leaves token for fresh wound and cuts

6. Blumea alata Buar Juice of leaves taken for antipyretic anc diuretic7. Polygonum chinense Taham Plant taken for general tonic and antisccrou"ic

8. Costus speciosus Sumbul Decoction of roots taken for kidney cnd urinalproblems

9. Hedyotis scandens Kelhnamtur Decoction of leaves & roots taken for puiverized kidneystone

10. Securinego virosa Saisick The leaves are boiled in the water cr.c cre used forbathing for patients suffering from smcilcox, measles &scabies.

11. Callicarpa arborea Hnohkich Juice of young leaves is used for s cmcche whiledecoction of bark is used as tonic and zromctic

12. Schima wallichii Khiang Decoction of fruit is used in snake bit cnd insect bite.Juice of bark is applied in sores.

13. Ficus semicordata Theipui Infusion of bark / leaves for liver ailment :n combinationwith others.

14. Ageratum conyzoides Vailenhlo Juice of leaves applied externally in cuits, wounds &itches.

15. Emblica officinalis Sunhlu Fruit is used for cooling, diuretic, laxative. etc. Dried fruitis used for haemorrhage. diarrhcea. dysentery,anaemia, joundice & dyspepsia. Decoction of fruit isalso taken for cough

16. Psidium guajava Kawlthei Juice of leaves token for diarrhoea & stcmoche17. Spilanhes acmella Ankasdte Juice of leaves taken to remove intestincl worms

18. Mimosa pudica Hlonuar Juice of leaves & roots used in kidney & urinary tractproblems

Griginol Document by ICT & CESRevised and Updated by LASA

Mizoramn State Roads Project Phase-I- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA & EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 2003

Annexure 7.1

Mitigation measures for slope stabilizationControl of Soil Erosion ond Slope Stabilization

In order to stabilize the slopes, retaining walls (engineering structures able to resistbendinri and with a footing designed to withstand pressure at the base of theslope) shall be incorporated in the project design at vulnerable locations.

Three types of design of retaining walls have been proposed to enhance thestability of slopes on the hillside at different locations of the project road. Theseare:

* ROI Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m* R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m* R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 3.0 m but < = 6.0 m

Similarly to stabilize the slopes on the valley-side when it is required to widen theroad by filling on the valley-side breast walls will be provided at differentlocations of the project road. Depending on the height of the cut to besupported and other site conditions, following types of Breast walls could beprovided at different locations of the project road.

* ROI Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m• ROIg Bamboo Crib walls/gabions for Heights <= 2.0 m• R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m* RO2g Gabions for heights >2.0 m <=5.0 m* R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 5.0 m

Locations where retaining wall are proposed are presented in the Table 7.1.1.

Table 7. 1. 1: Details of proposed retaining wall for the protection of the hill slopes

Height (m) Length (in) Earthwork (in3) Filter Material (in3)

1.5 455 564.202.0 610 971.04 __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

3.0 985 2462.50 3004.0 810 2966.71 3005.0 182 923.72 3006.0 55 370.57 40

Total 3097 J 8258.74 940

Originol Document by ICT & CESRevisec non Ji-oited by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-tl* . - EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

As shown in the table above, to prevent the escape of the retained material

through the voids of the rubble masonry, filter medium shall be provided behindabutment, wing wall and return walls.

Similarly to stabilize the slopes on the valley-side when it is required to widen theroad by filling on the valley-side, breast walls will be provided at differentlocations of the project rood. Depending on the height of the cut to be

supported and other site conditions, following types of Breast walls could beprovided at different locations of the project road.

* ROi Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m* RO 1g Bamboo Crib walls/gabions for Heights <= 2.0 m

* R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m

* RO2g Gabions for heights >2.0 m <=5.0 m* R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 5.0 m

Gabion masonry or bamboo cribs for breast walls will be provided by thecontractor as per the directions of the Engineer and shall include protection

measures like turfing/grassing on upside slopes at these locations. After suchturfing has been laid in position, certain precautionary measures are to be

followed like:

* Surface shall be cleaned of loose turf, excess soil and other foreign mrraterial.

* A thin layer of topsoil shall be scattered over the surface of top dressing

* The area shall be thoroughly moistened by sprinkling with water.* The contractor shall water such turfing/sodding for a period of at least 4 weeks

after laying. Watering shall be done so as to avoid erosion and prevent damageto turfed areas by wheels of water tanks.

In addition the following provisions have been made for the slope protection,which the contractor may have to carry out if so directed by the Engineer.

* The Contractor shall provide dry boulder packing for mitigation as per directionsof the Engineer

* The Contractor shall provide Bamboo stacking to protect the up and down hillslopes as directed by the Engineer (tentatively 5% of the total length of thebypass has been envisaged for this type of protection).

* The Contractor shall provide benching on slopes as desired by the Engineer on upand downhill side. (Again 5% of total length of the bypass has been envisaged forthis type of protection).

Originol Document by Icr & CESRevisec cnd Ucoarted by LASA I Y

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA e EMP for Aizawl Sypass, June 2003

Bioengineering Techniques for Soil Stabilization

Such measures include plantation of soil-binding plant species on the exposedsurfaces resulting from shoulder - cutting to widen the roads, as well as on thevalley slope to further strengthen the soil-binding there.

Selection of species: Grasses, shrubs and trees are the main species that arereadily available in India. WhI,re possible, the use of non-native species should beavoided since they can out compete and displace native plants. To maximizethe chances of success, one should try to select species whose growingconditions roughly match the environmental conditions of the project site. Careshould also be taken to select species with root systems that match the nature ofthe soil at the project site.

* Beside these recommended species Pterydophyta species like, Lycopodium spp.,Seloginella spp., Polytrichum spp., and Sphagnum spp., which are foundwidespread in the area, can be planted to stabilise the soil both on the valleyslope and road shoulders. The bryophytes and pteridophytes are provided withrhizoids that have a high cumulative soil-binding capacity. Moreover, theseplants, due to their habit forms extensive spongy mats on exposed soil, protectingthe soil effectively against the bombardment of raindrops.

* While cutting the hillside, attempts should be made to create a slope of at least800, avoiding totally vertical cuts. Small terraces about 1.2 to 2m high moy becarved out and protected by planting grasses and other ground flora. Thesemeasures would go a long way in preventing soil erosion and landslides.

* Besides serving the purpose of soil binding, plants like broom and thatch grassescould also benefit the local community who could maintain these patches on asustainable utilization basis, thus boosting the social welfare component of theproject.

* The contractor is required to monitor the survival and effectiveness of the bio-engineering measures during construction period as per the directions ofEnvironmental specialist/Engineer.

A brief description of bioengineering techniques is presented in the followingparagraphs.

Contour Wattling

This mathod is used to control surface erosion by breaking long slopes into shorterslopes. Bundles of branches, called wattles or fascines, are placed in shallowtrenches along the slope or stream bank contour. Trenches are excavated byhand to half the diameter of the bundles. Wattles are typically 8 to 10 inches indiameter and branches secured with twine. After the wattle is staked in place,the trench is backfilled until only the top of the bundle is exposed. Wattles can

Original Dccument by ICT & CESRevised crc -Jcoctec by LASA

Mizorarn State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA S EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

be used for hill slope restoration, road embankments, wide gullies, or slumpareas.

Chevron Grass Lines

Chevron grass lines are planted as covering diagonal grass at an angle ofbetween 300 - 400 off the horizontal. This gross-planting pattern is recommendedor, ,;eep. badly rilled slopes with coarse surface soils. It is used to direct surfacerunoff to stable disposal areas such as rill or rip rap channel, or a naturaldrainage line, thus utilizing the natural drainage pattern. The chevron-plantingpattern can also be reversed to divert runoff to the center of the batter andthereby promote infiltration.

Diagonal Grass Lines

Diagonal gross lines are planted at an angle of between 300- 450 off horizontal,across the slope. Gross slips are planted at 20 cm intervals, with lines generallyspaced at 50 cm intervals.

The diagonal configuration is recommended on steep slopes where low volumesof runoff occur (i.e. where a small overland catchment exists above the road).The planting pattern prevents rill formation and retains eroded soil on the slope,thereby help.

Brush Matting

This method protects streambanks by placing a mattress-like layer of branchesover it to protect soil and slow water velocity. The mat is composed ofinterwoven, usually dead, branches secured to the soil by live stakes, wire, twineor live branches. Live stakes are often cut from dormant willow. Brush mattinghelps collect sediment and enables establishment of vegetation on banks. Likebrush layering, this method requires large quantities of branches.

Live Cuttings

Live cuttings can be used to secure materials in place and to increase plantingson a slope. Live cuttings can be from 18 inches to 4 feet in length. Longercuttings are used for live staking of wattles, while shorter cuttings are used forplantings.

Fascines

Fascines are made of vegetatively propagated plant cuttings tied together into15-20 cm bundles and dug into slopes on the contour to this depth. Fascines are

Origincl Document by ICT & CESRevisea and Upac ted by LAS.4

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-llEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

recommended to stabilize small, critical slopes, and to protect rip rap on slopes.Fascines prdvide a physical barrier to hold surface soil as well as drainage path,while cuttings rapidly develop roots that bind the slope.

Palisades

Woody cuttings are planted at 10-15 cm intervals next to each other in linesacross the slope, usually on the contour, to form palis&j,s. They form a strongbarrier that holds eroded soil, ultimately forming small terraces suitable for theestablishment of vegetation. Palisades are recommended for all slopes exceptwhere minor slumps are likely. The SALT technique of soil conservation,developed in the Philippines for hill agriculture up to 35°, is based on thistechnique.

Combinations

Combinations of the above practices are usually used for most bioengineeringdesigns. For example, brush wattles and live staking is a common combinationused to stabilize slopes. A coir fascine can be used with live plantings, brushmatting and trench packing to restore wetlands or stream channels. Newcombinations of existing methods, and the use of new materials, will providecreative applications of bioengineering techniques.

The Bioengineering techniques and species suitable are presented in the Table7.1.1

Table 7.1.1 Species suitable for Bio-engineering Techniques

No. Techniques Site conditions SpeciesI Contour Shallow trenches Acocia cotechu, Albizia lebbeck, Albizio

Wattling along the slope or procera, Alnus nepolensis. Dolbergio sisoo.stream bank Erythrino spp.. Ficus semicordoto- Bombusacontour balcooa, Bombuso nutans cupulata.

Bambusa nutons nutons.- Dendrocolomushomiltonii.

2 Chevron Steep, badly riled Arundo clonox, Arunduella nepolensis,Gross Lines slopes with coarse Cymbopogon microthea, Euloliopsis binoto,

surface soils Neyroudia arundinaceo. Neyraudiareynoudiona, Soccharum spontoneum,Themda spp., Thysonolaeno maxima ',Vetiveric lowsoni, Bombusa balcooo,Bambusa nutans cupuloto, Bombusa

.__________ __________nutans nutons,, Dendrocalomus hamiltonii

^ Denotes species found in the project area

Origincl Document by Icr & CESRevisea and Uppc ted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-IlEIA e EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

No. Techniques Site conditions Species

3 Diagonal Steep slopes where Arundo clonox, Arunduello nepolensis,

Grass Lines low volumes of Cymbopogon microthea, Eulaliopsis binato.runoff occur (i.e. Neyroudia orundinacea, Neyroudia

where a small reynaudiona, Sacchorum spontoneum,

overland Themda spp., Thysonolaeno moxima',

catchment exists Vetiverio lowsoni, Bombusa balcooa.above the road) Bombuso nutans cupuloto, Bambusa

nutons nutans- Dendrocalomus hamiltonii

4 Brush Matting Stream banks to Bambusa bolcooa, Bambusa nutons

protect soil and cupulata, Bombusa nutans nutons.,

slow water velocity Dendrocolamus homiltonii. Acacia

cotechu. Albizia lebbeck. Albizia procera.Alnus nepolensis, Dalbergia sisoo. Erythrino

spp.. Ficus semicordota *5 Live Cuttings To secure materials Acacia cotechu. Albizio lebbeck, Albizia

in place and to procera. Alnus nepolensis, Dalbergia sisoo.increase plantings Erythrina spp., Ficus semicordota*. Bombusoon a slope balcooa, Bambuso nutons cupulotc,

Bambuso nutons nutons-, Dendrocalcmushomiltonii, Bouhinia varigata *

6 Fascines To stabilize small, Bambusa ba/cooa. Bambusa nutons

critical slopes, and cupulata, Bambusa nutans nutans,,to protect riprop on Dendrocalamus homiltonii

slopes

7 Palisades All slopes except Acacia pennota, Acacia cotechu. Albizia

where minor slurnps lebbeck, Albizia procera, Alnus nepolensis,are likely Dalbergia sisoo, Erythrina spp., Ficus

semicordoato. Bauhinia varicato *

8 Combinations Used to stabilize Any of the above mentioned species.

slopes, to restore

marshes or stream

channels

Original Document by ICT & CESRevisec Ono Updated by LASA

Gr:ass Strip_ Pla talioii

.20..

Conitour Planitinig Diagonial Planting

~~~~210

Cheveron Planting Downslope P'lanting

Fasciries

r 7

Buindel of Cutting

'---w~-WODDEN PEG

{ D. +0.m - O . S D m i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A, i /

TRcE JTTIN% Top i

P a]~~~ ~ ~ ~ i sa C C1NES

lI'alisades,

FioutL 1Vie Top) Viewi sidut Xiw

Source MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT,Bio-Engineering Techniques PHASE , PWi,

GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.Fg1ure New Delhi ¢

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-tiEIA e EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Measures for protection of slopes in soft soil: For protection of up and down hillslopes in soft soil(assumed to be along 5% of the total length of the proposedalignment), bomboo stocking and benching has been proposed to be providedat locations identified by the Environmental specialist/ Engineer.

Measures for restoration of rain cuts: During the operotion stages of the project,regular mointenance ol the right of way and restoration of roin cuts in theembankment and the shoulders has been proposed. To ensure this, the areaaffected by the rain cuts shall be cleared of all loose soil and benched. Thewidth of the benches shall be at least 300mm and they shall extend continuouslyfor a sufficient length. The height of the benches shall be in the range of 150-300mm.Fresh material shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 250mm loosethickness and compacted so as to match with the benching at a moisturecontent close to the optimum.

Originol Document by icr & CESRevised and Updated by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll}E/A e FMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Annexure 7.2

SANITATION AND HOUSE KEEPING AT THE LABOUR /CONSTRUCTION CAMPS

SITE SELECTION

The construction camps will be located at least 200 - 500 m away fromhabitations at identified sites. The living accommodation and ancillaryfacilities for labour shall be erected and maintained to siandards andscales approved by the resident engineer.

* All sites used for camps must be adequately drained. They must not besubject to periodic flooding, nor located within 200 feet of swamps, pools,sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surfacecan be subjected to mosquito control measures.

* The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through thecamps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply.

* All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions suchthat water may get stagnant and become a nuisance.

WATER SUPPLY

* An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriatehealth authority, must be provided in each camp for drinking, cooking,bathing and laundry purposes.

* Potable water supply systems for labour camps occupants shall be as perthe design approved by the Local Public Health Engineering Departmentand meet the water quality standards as prescribed by the State PollutionControl Board. In addition, the design of water system facilities shall bebased on the suppliers Engineer's estimates of water demands.

* The drinking water system must be monitored in accordance with thewater quality parameters as prescribed by the State Pollution ControlBoard. The water supply system used for cooking purposes that is drainadseasonally must be cleaned, flushed, and disinfected prior to use.Furthermore, a water sample of satisfactory bacteriologic quality, i.e. asample showing not more than one coliform bacteria per 100 ml samplemust be obtained before being placed into service.

* At all construction camps and other workplace, good and sufficient watersupply shall be maintained to eliminate chances of waterborne/water-related/water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of theworkers.

TOILET FACILITIES AND HYGIENE

* There shall be adequate supply of water, close to latrines and urinals.

* Within the precincts of every workplace, latrines and urinals shall beprovided in an accessible place, and the accommodation, separately foreach of these, as per standards set by the Building and other Construction

Origincl Documenti ty rC) & CESRevised and Updateci by LASA IM 4

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/IEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.Except in workplaces provided with water-flushed latrines connected witha water borne sewage system, all latrines shall be provided with dry-earthsystem (receptacles) which shall be cleaned at least four times daily andat least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition.Receptacles shall be tarred inside and outside at least once a year.

* Toilet facilities adequate for the capacity of the camp must be provided.Each toilet room must be located so as to be accessible, without anyindividual passing through any sleeping room.

* A toilet room must be located within 200 feet of the door of each sleepingroom. No toilet may be closer than 100 feet to any sleeping room, luncharea or kitchen.

* Where the toilet rooms are shared, such as in multifamily shelters and inbarracks type facilities, separated toilet rooms must be provided for eachsex. These rooms must be distinctly marked "for men" and "for women" bysigns printed in English and in the native language of the personsoccupying the camp, or marked with easily understood pictures orsymbols. If the facilities for each sex are in the same building, they must beseparated by solid walls or partitions extending from the floor to the roof orceiling.

* Urinals must be provided on the basis of one unit or 2 linear feet of urinaltrough for each 25 men. The floor from the wall and for a distance not lessthan 15 inches measured from the outward edge of the urinals must beconstructed of materials imperious to moisture. Where water underpressure is available, urinals must be provided with an adequate waterflush. Urinals troughs in privies must drain freely into the pit or vault, and theconstruction of this drain must be such as to exclude flies and rodents fromthe pit.

WASTE DISPOSAL

* The sewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated tothe satisfaction of the concerned local State Govt. Department so that nohealth hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjac6ntwatercourse takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation mustbe strictly adhered to.

* Garbage bins must be provided in the camps and regularly emptied andthe garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner to the satisfaction ofrelevant norms.

• Unless otherwise arranged for by the local sanitary authority, arrangementfor disposal of excreta by incineration at the workplace shall be made bymeans of a suitable incinerator approved by the local medical health ormunicipal authorities. Alternatively, excreta may be disposed off byputting a layer of night soils at the bottom of permanent tank prepared forthe purpose and covering it with 15 cm layer of waste or refuse and thencovering it with a layer of earth for a fortnight (by then it will turn intomanure).

Oricinol Document by ICT & CESRevised cnd Updcted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-llEIA & EMP for AILzWa Bypass. June 2003

* On completion of the works, all such temporary structures shall be clearedaway, all rubbish burnt, excreta tank and other disposal pits or trenchesfilled in and effectively sealed off and the outline site left clean and tidy, atthe Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer.

FIRST AID

* Injuries might occur during the construction period. It is therefore pertinentto provide first aid facilities for all the construction workers. At constructioncamps and at all workplaces first aid equipment and nursing staff must beprovided. Since many of the workplaces may be faraway from regularhospitals, an indoor health unit having one bed facility every 250 workersneeds to be provided.

* Adequate transport facilities for moving the injured persons to the nearesthospital must also be provided in ready to move condition.

* The first-aid units should apart from an adequate supply of sterilizeddressing material should contain other necessary appliances as per thefactory rules of Mizoram.

MAINTENANCE

* All buildings, rooms and equipment and the grounds surrounding them shallbe maintained in a clean and operable condition and be protected fromrubbish accumulation.

• All necessary means shall be employed to eliminate and control anyinfestations of insects and rodents within all parts of any labor camp. Thisshall include approved screening or other control of outside openings instructures intended for occupancy or food service facilities.

* Each structure made available for occupancy shall be of soundconstruction, shall assure adequate protection against weather, and shallinclude essential facilities to permit maintenance in a clean and operablecondition. Comfort and safety of occupants shall be provided for byadequate heating, lighting, ventilation or insulation when necessary toreduce excessive heat.

Each structure made available for occupancy shall comply with the requirementsof the Uniform Building Code. This shall not apply to tent camps.

Griginol Documnen;t by ICT & CESPeei sed onct Updcted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-t1..*,, EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

Annexure 7.3

PLANTATION WORKS

1. GENERAL

1. Scope

Contractor to furnish all materials, labour and reloted items necessary to complete thework indicated on drawing and specified herein.

2. Materials

Plant Materials

Plant Materials shall be well formed and shaped true to type, and free from disease,insects and defects such as knots, sun-scaled, windburn, injuries, abrasion ordisfigurement.

All plant materials shall be healthy, sound, vigorous, free from plant diseases,insect's pests, of their eggs, and shall have healthy, well-developed root systems.All plants shall be hardy under climatic conditions similar to those in the locally ofthe project. Plants supplied shall confirm to the names listed on the plant list givenin Table no.1 and 2. No plant material will be accepted if branches aredamaged or broken. All material must be protected from the sun and weatheruntil planted.Any nursery stock shall have been inspected and approved by the EnvironmentalSpecialist of the Engineer.All plants shall conform to the requirements specified in the plant list. Except that plantslarger then specified may be used if approved, but use of such plants shall not increasethe contract price If the use of the larger plant is approved, the spread of roots or ball ofearth shall be increased in proportion to the size of plant.Deliver plants with legible identification labels.

Original Document by ICT & CESRevised and Updoated by LASA I

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-lEIA & EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 200J,

Table 1: Species recommended near settlements (within 1 km of last dwelling)

Scientific name Mizo Name Best PropagationAlbizia chinensis Vang SeedsAnthocepholus chinensis Banphar SeedsArtocarpus heterophyllus Lamkhuong SeedsBouhinia varigata ' Voube Seeds

Betula alnoides ' Hriang Seeds, cuttingEmblica officinalis ' Sunhlu Seeds, cutting, budding, inarchingFicus bengalensis * Bung Seeds, cuttingFicus religiosa ' Hmawng Seeds, cuttingFicus semicordata Theipui SeedsSpondias pinnota ' Taitow SeedsTrema orientalis * Belphuar Seeds, stumps

Table 2: Species recommended for the project road in areas further awayfrom settlements

Large Trees

Scientific Name Best propagotionAcacia catechu Seeds / polypotsAlbizia lebbeck Seeds / polypotsAlbizia procera Seeds / polypotsAlnus nepalensis Seeds / polypotsDalbergia sisoo Seeds / polypotsErythrina spp. Seeds / hardwoods cuttings up to 2mFicus semicordata * Seeds / polypotsSchima wallichii I Seeds / polypotsShrubs and Small TreesAcacia pennata Seeds / polypotsLantana comara Hardwood cuttingsGrass SpeciesArundo clonax Slip cuttings/stemArunduella nepolensis Slip cuttings/seedsCymbopogon microthea Slip cuttings/seedsEulaliopsis binota Slip cuttings/seedsNeyraudia arundinacea Slip cuttings/seedsNeyraudia reynaudiana Stem/Slip cuttings/seedsSoccharum spontaneum Slip cuttingsThemda spp. Slip cuttings/seedsThysanolaena maxima Slip cuttingsVetiveria lowsoni Slip cuttingsBamboo SpeciesBombusa balcooa Culms cuttingsBombusa nutons cupulata Traditional methodBambusa nutans nutons Traditional methodDendrocalamus homiltonii Culms cuttings

* Species observed in the project area

Top Soil (Good Earth)Topsoil or good earth shall be a friable loam, typical of cultivated topsoil of the localitycontaining at least 2% of decayed organic matter (humus). It shall be taken from a well-drained arable site. It shall be free of subsoil, stones, earth skids, sticks, roots or any other

Original Document by ICT & CESRevised cnd Urdofed by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

objectionable extraneous matter or debris. It shall contain no toxic matericl. No topsoilshall be delivered in a muddy condition. It shall have pH value ranging in between 6 to8.5.

Fertiliser

Measurement of sludge shall be in stacks, with 8% reduction for payment. It shall be freefrom extraneous matter, harmful bacteria insects or chemicals. (Subjected to safety

norms).Root System

The root system shall be conducive to successful transplantation. While necessary, theroot-ball shall be preserved by support with Hessian or other suitable material. On soilswhere retention of a good ball is not possible, the roots should be suitably protected insuch a way that the roots are not damaged

3.Condition

Trees and shrubs shall be substantially free from pests and diseases, and shall and shallbe materially undamaged. Torn or lacerated roots shall be pruned before dispatch. Noroots shall be subjected to adverse conditions such as prolonged exposure to dryingwinds or subjection to water logging between lifting and delivery.

4.Supply and Substitution

Upon submission of evidence that certain materials excluding the plant Speciesprescribed are not available at time of contract, the contractor shall be permitted tosubstitute with an equitable adjustment of price. All substitutions shall be of the nearestequivalent species and variety to the original specified and shall be subjected to theapproval of the Environmental Engineer/Environmental Specialist.

5. PackagingPackaging shall be adequate for the protection of the plants and such as to avoid

heating or drying out.6. MarkingEach specimen of tree and shrub, or each bundle, shall be legibly labelled with thefollowing particulars:

Its name

The name of the supplier, unless otherwise agreed.

The date of dispatch from the nursery.

Original DOCcJ!?ernt 0Y (CT & CESPe isect cn.s Jpcda ted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

11 TREE PLANTING

Plants and ShrubsTrees should be supplied with adequate protection as approved. After delivery, ifplanting is not to be carried out immediately, balled plants should be placed back toback and the ball covered with sond to prevent drying out. Bare rooted plants can beheeled in by placing the roots in prepared trench and covering them with earth, whichshould be watered into. c.oid air pockets round the roots. Trees and shrubs shall beplanted with the approval of Site Supervision Engineer/Environmental Engineer.

Digging of Pits

Tree pits shall be dug a minimum of three weeks prior to backfilling. The pits shall be1 20cms in diameter and 1 20cms deep. While digging the pits, the topsoil up to a depthof 30cms may be kept aside, if found good (depending upon site conditions), andmixed with the rest of the soil.

If the side of the below, it shall be replaced with the soil mixture as specified furtherherein. If the soil is normal it shall be mixed with manure; river sand shall be added to thesoil if it is heavy.

The bottom of the pit shall be forked to break up the subsoil.

Back FillingThe soil back filled watered through end gently pressed down, a day previous toplanting, to make sure that it may not further settle down after planting. The soil shall bepressed down firmly by treading it down, leaving a shallow depression all round forwatering.

PlantingNo tree pits shall be dug until final tree position has been pegged out for approval.Care shall be taken that the plant sapling when planted is not be buried deeper than inthe nursery, or in the pot.

Planting should not be carried out in waterlogged soil.

Plant trees at the original soil depth; soil marks on the stem is an indication of this andshould be maintained on the finished level, allowing for setting of the soil after planting.All plastic and other imperishable containers should be removed before planting. Anybroken or damage roots should be cut back to sound growth.

Criginal Document by 1CT & CESRevised cnd Updoted by LASAA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-IlEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

The bottom of the planting pit should be covered with 50mm to 75mm of soil. Bare rootsshould be spread evenly in the planting pit; and small mound in the centre of the pits onwhich the roots are placed will aid on even spread. Soil should be placed around theroots, gently shaking the tree to allow the soil particles to shift into the root system toensure close contact with all roots and prevent air pockets Back fill soil should be firmedas filling proceeds, layer by layer, care being taken to avoid damaging the roots, asfollows:

The balance earth shall be filled in a mixture of 1:3 (1 part sludge to 3 part earth byvolume) and 50gms potash, (Mop) 50gms of Super Phosphate and 1 Kg. Neem oil cake.Aldrin or equivalent shall be applied every 15 days in a mixture of Smi in 5 litres of water.

StakingNewly planted trees must be held firmly although not rigidly by staking to prevent apocket forming around the stem and newly formed fibrous roots being broken bymechanical pulling as the tree rocks.

The main methods of staking shall be:* A single vertical shake, 900mm longer than the clear stem of the tree, driven 600mm

to 900mm into the soil.* Two stakes as above driven firmly on either side of the tree with a cross bar to which

the stem is attached. Suitable for bare- rooted or Ball material.* A single stake driven in at an angle at 45 degrees and leaning towards the prevailing

wind, the stem just below the lowest branch being attached to the stake. Suitable forsmall bare- rooted or Ball material

* For plant material 3m to 4.5m high with a single stem a three- wire adjustable guysystem may be used in exposed situations.

The end of stake should be pointed and the lower 1 m to 1.2m should be coatedwith a non-injurious wood preservative allowing at least 150mm above ground

level.

TyingEach tree should be firmly secured to the stake so as to prevent excessive movement.Abrasion must be avoided by using a buffer, rubber or Hessian, between the tree andstake. The tree should be secured at a point just below its lowest branch, and also justabove ground level: normally two ties should be used for tree. These should be adjustedor replaced to allow for growth.

Oricincl Document by ICT & CESRevised crd updoted by LASA IW 7

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/lEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

WateringThe Contractor should allow for the adequate watering in of all newly planted trees andshrubs immediately after planting and he shall during the following growing season,keep the plant material well wateredFertilising

Fertilising shall be carried out by application in rotation of the following fertilisers, every 15days from the beginning of the monsoon till the end of winter:* Sludge or organic well-rotted dry farm y_rd manure: 0.05 cum or tussle.* Urea 25gm.

* Ammonium sulphate 25gm.Potassium sulphate 25gm.

All shrubs, which are supplied pot grown, shall be well soaked prior to planting.Watering in and subsequent frequent watering of summer planted container- grownplants is essential.

IIl Shrub Planting In Planter BedsAll areas to be planted with shrubs shall be excavated, trenched to a depth of 750mm,refilling the excavated earth after breaking clods and mixing with sludge in ratio 8:1 (8parts of stacked volume of earth after reduction by 20%: 1 part of stacked volume ofsludge after reduction by 8%.)Tall shrubs may need staking, which shall be provided if approved by the Contracting-consulting engineer, depending upon the conditions of individual plant specimen.For planting shrubs and ground cover shrubs in pldnters, good earth shall be mixed withsludge in the proportion as above and filled in planters.Positions of planters shall be planted should be marked out in accordance with theDesign drawings. When shrubs are set out, precautions should be taken to prevent rootsdrying. Planting holes 40cm diameter and 40cm deep should be excavated for longershrubs. Polythene and other non-perishable containers should be removed and anybadly damaged roots carefully pruned. The shrubs should then be set in holes so that thesoil level after settlement will be original soil mark on the stem of the shrub. The holesshould be back filled to half of its depth and firmed by treading. The remainder of thesoil can then be returned and again firmed by treading.

IV Grassing

PreparationDuring period prior to planting, the ground shall be maintained free from weeds.Grading and preparation of the area shall be completed at least three weeks prior toOriginol Cocument by ICT & CESRevised ono Uported by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-1tEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2OO.7

the actual sowing. Regular watering shall be continued until sowing by dividing the area

into portions of approximately Sm squares by constructing small bunds to retain water.

These 'bunds' shall be levelled just prior to sowing of grass plants; it shall be ensured thatthe soil has completely settled.

Soil

The soil itself shall be ensured to the satisfaction of Environmental Specialist/Environmenta: '.igineer to be a good fibrous loam, rich in humus

Sowing the grass roots

Grass roots shall be obtained from a grass patch, seen and approved before hand. Onlythe species mentioned in the Table 2 should be used.

The grass roots stock received at site shall be manually cleared of all weeds and water

sprayed over the same after keeping the stock in place protected from sun and drywinds.

Grass stock received at site may be stored for a maximum of three days. In case grassingfor some areas is scheduled for a later date fresh stock of grass roots shall be ordered

and obtained.

Execution

Small roots shall be dibbled about 5cms apart into the prepared grounds. Grass will onlybe accepted as reaching practical completion when germination has proved

satisfactory and all weeds have been removed.

Maintenance

As soon as the grass is approximately a 3cm high it shall be rolled with a light woodenroller - in fine, dry weather - and when it has grown to 5 to 8cms. above to ground weeds

must be removed and regular cutting with the scythe and rolling must be begun. A top-dressing of an ounce of guano to the square yard or well decomposed well broken

sludge manure shall be applied when the grass is sufficiently secure in the ground tobear the mowing machine, the blades must be raised an inch above the normal level

for the first two or three cuttings. That is to say, the grass should be cut so that it is from 4

to 5cms in length, instead of the 3cm necessary for mature grass.

In the absence of rain, in the monsoon, the lawn shall be watered every ten days

heavily, soaking the soil through to a depth of at least 20cms.

Originol Document by ICT & CESRevised cnd Updoted by LAS

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-Il- EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

Damage failure or dying back of grass due to neglect of watering especially for seedingout of normal season shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Any. shrinkage belowthe specified levels during the contract or defect liability period shall be rectified at thecontractor's expense. The Contractor is to exercise care in the use of rotary cultivatorand mowing machines to reduce to a minimum the hazards of flying stones andbrickbats. All rotary mowing machines are to be fitted with safety guards.

6. RollingA light roller shall be used periodically, taking care that the area is not too wet andsodden.7. EdgingThese shall be kept neat and must be cut regularly with the edging shears.8. Fertilising

The area shall be fed once in a month with liquid manure prepared by dissolving 45gmsof ammonium sulphate in 5 litres of water.9. WateringWater shall be applied at least once in three days during dry weather. Wateringwhenever done should be thorough and should wet the soil at least up to a depth of20cms.1 0. WeedingPrior to regular mowing the contractor shall carefully remove rank and unsightly weeds.

V. Maintenance

Cultivating

The Contractor shall maintain all planted areas within contract boundaries for one yearuntil the area is handed over in whole or in phases. Maintenance shall includereplacement of dead plants, watering, weeding, cultivating, control of insects, fungusand other diseases by means of spraying with an approved insecticide or fungicide,pruning, and other horticulture operations necessary for proper growth of the plants andfor keeping the sub-contract area neat in appearancePruning and RepairsUpon completion of planting work of the sub-contract all trees should be pruned and allinjuries repaired where necessary. The amount of pruning shall be limited to thenecessary to remove dead or injured twigs and branches and to compensate for theloss of roots and the result of the transplanting operations. Pruning shall be done in sucha manner as not to change the natural habit or special shape of trees.Tree Guards and Protective Fencing

C(iOlflCI DOcument by ICT & CESRevised cod Upcated by LASA !

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-I1EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

According to local environment, shrubs shall be protected adequately from vandalismuntil established. Where the tree guards are necessary, care should be taken to ensurethat they do not impede natural movement or restrict growth. The specifications of thetree guard proposed are given below:* Circular Bamboo Tree Guard.The tree guard shall be 50 cm. in diameter.The tree guards shall be formed of

(i) 3 Nos. bamboc. stakes 2.1 m long.(ii) 3 Nos. bamboo rings fixed as per design.(iii) 15 Nos. 1.55 metres long bamboo sticks.

The bamboo rings can be prepared by slicing the bamboo stakes. The bamboo ringsshall be tied to the bamboo stakes with steel wires as approved by the EnvironmentalEngineer. The 15 Nos. bamboo sticks shall be tied to the rings at equal spacing along thecircumference of ring. The lower end of the flat of lower ring shall be at a height of45cm. and upper end of the flat of top ring shall be at the height of 2.00 metres. Themiddle ring shall be in the centre of top and lower ring. The bamboo sticks shall be tiedto rings as shown in the drawing. The design of the tree guard shall be as shown in thedrawing.

VI Nursery StackPlanting should be carried out as soon as possible after reaching the site. Where plantingmust be a necessity and/or be delayed, care should be taken to protect the plants frompilfering or damage from people/animals. Plants with bare-roots should be heeled- in assoon as received or otherwise protected from drying out, and others set closely togetherand protected from the wind. If planting is to be delayed for more than a week,packaged plants should be unpacked. the bundles opened up and each group.ofplants heeled in separately and clearly labelled. If for any reoson the surface of the rootsbecomes dry the roots should be thoroughly soaked before planting.

VIl CompletionOn completion, the ground shall be formed over and left tidy.

SPECIAL CONDITIONS AND PARTICULAR SPECIFICATIONS.1. Wherever applicable, work shall be done according to PWD specifications,

in vogue, at the time of invitation of tender.

Originol Document by ICT S CESPevised ond Updated by LASA >

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ItEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

2. Contractors shall make their own arrangement for drawing water from there.Water charges at --- of value of work done shall be deducted from thecontractors Bills.

3. If electricity is required for the works, the some shall be made available at onepoint within the site of works, for which recovery @ Rs.-- per Kwh. Shall bemade from the contractors bill.

4. The work included in the schedule of Quantities include grassing as well asplanting of trees and shrubs. 'Contractors' quoted rates shall include execution ofthese works at different levels and nothing extra shall be paid for any item, forworking at these levels

5. The Contractor (s) shall not be entitled to any compensation for any lossessuffered by him and/or revision in the rates originally quoted by him.

a. On account unforeseen delay in commencing the work, whatever the cause ofsuch delays be.

b. On account of reduction in the scope of work.c. On account of suspension of work, or abandon after award of work.

6. The Contractor shall provide all facilities to Environmental Specialist / ProjectEngineer and/or his authorized representatives to make frequent inspection oftheir Nursery and ascertain the process / quality of various categories oftrees/plants etc., grown by them.

7. Contractors' quote rate shall include the cost of transportation of tools and plantsto and from the site, sales tax, excise duty, octroi, etc. It shall be clearlyunderstood that no claim for any extra payment on account of sales tax, excisedduty, octroi etc., shall be entertained after the opening of the tender.

8. The safe custody and up-keep of various categories of plants brought to site is thesole responsibility of the contractor and he shall employ sufficient supervisorypersonnel to ensure the safety of these items.

9. The site of work may be handed over to the contractors for shall work in phases,as soon as the same are available and the contractor in turn shall work in theseareas forthwith. Nothing extra shall be payable for such phased execution ofwork.

10. While excavating / executing the work the contractors shall ensure that theexisting cables / pipe lines / structures / fittings are not damaged and if due to hisnegligence, these are damaged, the same shall be set right with no extra cost tothe clients.

11. The Contractor shall co-ordinate his work with other agencies employed by theClients and ensure that the work of other agencies are not hampered in any wayduring the duration of contract.

O'i,n51 Document b ;C 7 (ESRevised sr . Up:otrJt J by LASA |^.^>

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-IlEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003

12. The Contractor shall keep the site of works neat and clean during the executionof the work. Any debris found at or near the site of work shall be movedimmediately as and when so required by the Environmental Specialist / ProjectEngineer.

13. On completion of the work, the site of work shall be thoroughly cleaned and alldebris removed before the work is handed over satisfactorily.

14. The Contractors shall, without any additional charge to the clients, renew orreplace any dead or defective plcrts/grass and shall fully maintain the whole fora period of 12 months after the certified date of completion.

15. "General condition of contract and standard contract Forms of shall also formpart of the contract.

16. All Tree saplings should be three (3) years old before they are planted. Thenumbers of the plants shall be as specified in the schedule of quantities and shallbe straight and symmetrical with a crown and having a persistent main stem. Thesize of crown shall be in good over all proportion to the height of the tree.

17. Small trees and shrubs shall be well formed with the crown typical of the speciesor variety.

18. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS:* Plants shall be typical of their species and variety, well-developed branches, and

well foliated with fibrous root system. Plants shall be free from defects and injuries.Plants shall not be pruned before planting.

* Plants shall be free from defects and injuries.* Plants shall not be freshly dug and nursery grown.* Nursery grown plants shall have been at least once transplanted* Bark shall be free from abrasion.* All trees, soon after planting, shall be properly supported with bamboo stocks,to

ensure their safety against winds or any other factor, which may affect itadversely.

19. PROTECTION OF 'TREE TO BE PRESERVED"* The contractor shall be responsible for the protection of tops, trunks and roots of

existing trees on site. Existing trees subject to the construction damage shall beboxed, fenced or otherwise protected before any work is started.

20. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF EARTH MANURE AND FERTILISERS* EARTH: Good earth shall be agricultural soil of loamy texture, free from kankar,

morrum, shingles, rocks, stones, building rubbish and any other foreign matter. Theearth shall be free from clods or lumps of sizes bigger than 50mm in any direction.It shall have pH ranging in between 6.5 to 7.5.

Criginci DOcument by ICT & CEESRevised and Updoted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA & EMP forAizawl Bvpass. June 2003

. MANURE: Manure shall be of well-decayed organic matter obtained in dry statefrom the Municipal dump or other similar source approved by the EnvironmentalEngineer/ Project Engineer. The manure shall be free from earth, stone or otherextraneous matter. Manure shall be supplied, at site well screened.

* FERTILISER: If the soil tests indicate pH value not as per the above specificationnamely in between 6.5 to 7.5, following measures need to be taken.

* If pH exceeds 7.5, aluminium sulphate or equivalent fertilizer should be added atthe rate _' 1 kg per cubic metre to lower the pH by one full point.

* If pH is below 6.5, add ground limestone or equivalent fertilizer at the rate of 1 kgper cubic metre to raise pH by one full point.

Original Document by ICT & CESRevised and updoted by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/f".101W EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

Annexure -7.4

GUIDELINES ON USE OF EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING

i . The Explosives Act, 1884 and the Explosives Rules, 1983 will be strictlyfollowed during procurement transportation, handling, storage and use ofexplosive.

ii. Controlled blasting will be used to limit the volume and extent of rockthrow, and to reduce the disturbance of local flora and fauna.

iii. The contractor will keep in his site offices copies of laws applying to supply,transportation, handling, storage and usage of explosives and will supply onecopy of each of these laws to the Supervising Engineer (SE).

iv. The contractor will submit to the SE details of the explosives that heproposes to use and of his proposals for their storage or and transportationto the site.

v. Explosives will be used in accordance with the recommendations of the IndianStandard Code of practice.

vi. Explosives will be stored under proper security at a safe distance from the roadand at least 300 m from any inhabited permises.

vii. The contractor will use explosives for blasting in connection with the work only atsuch times and places and in such a manner as the SE may approve alwaysprovided that such approval will not relieve the contractor from his responsibilityfor injury, loss, inconvenience and annoyance to persons, damage to the worksand adjoining or adjacent structures, road, places and things, consequent on theuse of such explosives.

viii. The contractor will obtain all necessary permits and pay all necessary fees for theacquisition, storage and use of explosives and explosive accessories.

ix. The contractor will appoint a responsible person or persons to order and receiveexplosives on site and to be responsible for all blasting activities on site.

x. The contractor will provide an approved system of warning the public (includingroad traffic) and site personnel of an impending blast by both audible and visiblemeans and will ensure that the blasting area is cleared of all personnelimmediately prior to blasting.

xi. The contractor will keep a current inventory of all explosive and explosiveaccessories obtained and used and submit a monthly report to the SE, detailingthe usage of all explosives and explosive accessories by date and location.

xii. The contractor will be entirely liable for any accident that may occur and willsave the employer harmless and indemnified from all claims arising therefrom.Where the possibility exists of loss, inconvenience. injury or accident to persons.

Oricinal 0oc.,;;enr oy icT & CESReUisec' ond 'Jpcodated by LASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

animals, works, property, places or objects the SE will have the authority toregulate or prescribe the use of explosives and, in the event of such regulation orprescription the contractor will have no claim against the employer.

xiii. The contractor will give warning each time of his intention to blast and will station.personnel on the roads and elsewhere with flags, horns and whistles and preventpersons, animals and traffic entering or remaining within the danger zone. Thecontractor will arrange for control of traffic on main road during all the blastingoperations within 400 m of road by Mizoram Police.

xiv. The contractor's supervisor in churge of blasting operations will have a currentlicense valid for all types of blasting required including restricted blasting, and thelicense will be made available to the SE for verification.

xv. Contractor will employ qualified shot-fires, holding a shot-fire's permit grantedunder the Explosives Rules, 1983.

xvi. The contractor will select the number, position, orientation, depth andspacing of holes for blasting, the amount and type of explosive to be usedper hole and the number and sequence of delays such that fracturing orotherwise damaging the ground below or beyond the required excavationlimits is avoided. Final holes will stop short of the final limits of excavation bythe amount required to ensure that, after detonation and the removal ofall loose material, the final surface is in the correct position.

xvii. In areas where it is necessary to restrict blasting in order to protect installations ofsignificance or whenever he wishes to blast within 400 m of any public utilities, thecontractor will:

a. inform the authority concerned of his intention to carry out blasting withinthe vicinity of their property and ensure that all conditions imposed bythem, including attendance by the representatives of such authority, aremet,

b. provide cover to the area to be blasted, to the approval of the SE and theauthority concerned, to prevent damage by flying debris to such services,

c. provide a suitable vibrometer and, whenever called upon to do so by the SE,demonstrate by the use of this instrument that the charges he proposes to usecomply with this Specification.

Neither the Contractor's compliance with these restrictions nor any approvalgiven by the SE will relieve the contractor of any of his liabilities or responsibilitiesin respect of any damage to any building, structure or service resulting from hisuse of explosives.

After blasting no person will approach the danger zone until the blasting site hasbeen examined by the licensed supervisor or other responsible person and, in thecase of misfires, before proper precautions have been taken.

Ongincl Document by ICT & CESRevised and Updoted by LASA aw /

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1EIA S EMP for Aizawl Bypass. Jur,e 2003

Annexure 7.5

Cultural Properties Management Plan

Usually, people in Mizoram are accommodative of the project activities envisaged aspart of MSRP - even when these have impacted community assets, including culturalproperties. Moreover, few roadside cultural properties are actually being adverselyimpacted by the proposed improvements. The relocation of a church in Phase I (inHmuifang) and more recently, a proposal from a few residents of Mausen along P1B touse a site near an old graveyard for setting up construction camp are examples of theirgeneral openness to the idea of relocation.

CURRENT SITUATION

However, there are a few locations, which are ,. held sacred in the traditions predating thespread of Christianity. In these locations, Mizoswould not like any disturbance. One suchlocation is the Thing Lu Bul (see picture) which islike an indicator of the well-being of thecommunity which it is believed to guard. Onesuch tree has been found close to the proposedalignment of the Aizawl bypass. By appearance,the Thing Lu Bul is highly unimpressive, even unnoticeable with its dry trunk andoccasional leafless appearance. But, the locals' perception about it as the guardian oftheir community is clear in the discussions held onsite during the review visits.

This particular location is close to culvert 13/4 (chainage 12.400km). The local people arequite assertive that there should be no damage to the tree. The design does not requirethe removal of the tree. However, damage to it cannot be ruled out since it is quiteclose to the edge of the proposed carriageway if no protective measures are taken. Theproject attaches immense importance to the feelings of the local people, especially inrelation to their cultural properties. Therefore, the project now has the followingsafeguards to ensure that this special tree is protected during construction andoperation of the road:

Orngincl Docurnent oy ICT gE CSRevisecf cnd UprJoted by 'ASA

Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-1lEIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003

SAFEGUARDS built into MSRP

No blasting will be. allowed within 50m on each side of the location of the Thing Lu Bul. Allcutting will be using equipment rather than explosives. If required, only controlledblasting shall be allowed. This, if allowed, will be under the direct and constantsupervision of Engineer. The contractor will be directed to operate his equipment withutmost care within this 100+3 m wide strip during earthworks and surfacing.

At the time of the actual construction within 50m on each side, the tree itself will beprotected by GI corrugated sheets. These sheets will be hammered into the hill side andheld in position by appropriate bracing and supports as determined by the Engineer. Asquare enclosure of 1.5m x .1.5m with the Thing Lu Bul at the point of intersection of thediagonals will be created. The height of the enclosure will be 2.Om from the highest pointon the periphery of the square. The purpose of this arrangement is to prevent anydamage to the main trunk of the tree.

In addition, the Contractor will also be required not to park any machinery within the100+3m long strip. The concrete mixture for the culvert slab too will be placed outsidethis strip and material will be carried from there to avoid deposition of dust.

For the operation stage, an iron tree guard will be provided. Since the local people wishminimal disturbance to the existing situation, no other elaborate measures are planned.Moreover, a properly designed hoarding will inform the road user about the presence ofthis locally important tree well in advance (50m).

0,-' rc! f)cc-:rnen r by Icr & cEs.t?e . _:c accred by LASA

Ili_m,a mSu(e Roa/s Proj, i-:.-.El. 1. E., Il' ibi .li.r1 I, I? -pass .1:hi' : )5

Annexure 8.1

Reporting system formats

C l: Construction camp and storage area

Construction Stage Report: Date _ _ Month_ Year(Site Layout of Construction camp and working drawings of dwelling units with allied facilities tc beattached with format)

Format to be submitted before target date (decided by PP.) of establishing camps as

Camp no. WC

Location of Camp (km Package . )

S.No Item J Unit Details Remarks by SC.if any1. Detail of item campa. Size of Camp Mxmb. Area of Camp sq.mc. Distance from Nearest Settlementd. Distance from Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capacity/

present Use/OwnershipDate of camp being operationcldd/mm/yyPresent land use

= No other trees with girth > 0.3m.e. Details of Storage arealAvcilability of mxm

impervious surface) _f. Availability of separate waste disposal from Cum

storage area2. Details of toposoil stackinga. Quantity of top soil removed sq.mb. Detail of storage of topsoil Describe stackling

. _________________________________ arrangem ent3. Details of workforcea. Total No of Labourers nosb Total no of Male Workers nosc. No of Male Workers below 18 yecrs of age nosd. Totol No of Female Workers nose. No of Female workers below 18 years of nos

agef. No of children nos4. Details of dwelling unitsa. No of dwellings/huts nos

b. Minimum Size of Dwelling mxmc. No. of openings per dwelling noscl. Minimum size of opening mxme. Walls IsPecificationsf._ Roofing specifications

9. Flooring specificCtionsh. Drinking Water Tank specificationsi. Capacity of Drinking water Tark cumji Total no of WC nosk. No of Wcs for female workers Nios1. Total No of Bathrooms for female workers Nos

m. Size of septic tank for WC/Baths Mxmxmn. Capacity of Water Tank for VCs!

Bathrooms and general purpose .

Original Document by ICT & CESReviset and Updotec ty LASA

.1 Ib:an , S .SaIcl Roads I',Prjo : :'h:,o-UIEL i ' I'P .i i:a 'I B.i pass. :. :

S.No Item Unit Details Remarks by SC.if anyo. Fencing around camp Y/N5 Details of facilitiesa Availability of secunty guard 24 hrs a day Yes/Nob Details of First Aid Facility Yes/Noc Availability of Dav Care Centre Yes/Nod Availability of dust bins (capacity 60 Itr) nos

Certified that the furnished information is correct. The quality of work is as per good practice andall relevant information as required is attached

Project Engineer (Contrcctor)(Supervision Consultant)

C2: Selection of Dumping site locations

Route

Stretch: To

(Give chainages and nearest settlements from both ends)

Criteria on which information for each site is to be collected Site I | Site 2 ! Site 3 (Site 4Area covered (m2) . |Total Material that can be dumped within the site (m3) l l lDepth to which dumping is feasible (m) J l lDistance of nearest watercourse (m) l lNeorest Settlement (m) _ lDate/s of Community Consultation/s lWhether the community is agreeable to siting of dumping site(Y/N) Date of Permission from Village Council President(VCP) lProposed future use of the Site l _ lSelected Site (tick any one column only) ! ! l ! I

Enclosures (Tick as appropriate): Map of each location/Photographs/Each dumpinglocation/Each community consultation/Photocopies of permissions from VCPs

Certified that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.Date:

(Controctor)

Name and Designation of Verifier:

Date:

Recommeridation on the suitability of the site

Signed Date:

Name & Designation:-Decision Taken (tick one): Approved/Not Approved

Signed:Date:

Name and Designation of Deciding Authority

OriainCI Docurnent by ICT & CESRevnsecj and UodCaued Oy LASA

-Ii-.,, WlIm S/ate Ro,ruls /'o. ": . -i

Al. I & .t I / ir . 11 I as. 8 .'.'1 !1

C3: BORROW AREAS

Construction Stage Report: Date _ Micnth_ _ Year_

Site Layout of Borrow Area and Proposed Borrow Area Redevelopment Plan to be attached with formc-

Format to be submitted before target date as (decided by PIU) for establishing Borrow Areas

Borrow Area No. Location of Borrow Area (Km _ Pcc<age

Si. No Item Unit Details Remarks by CSC. itany

I Details of Borrow Areaa Date of Borrow Area becoming

operational dd/mm/yyb Current Landusec Distance from Nearest Settlement Kmd No of settlements within 20Cm of Hcul No.

Roade No of settlements within 500m of Borrow No.

Area :f Total Capocity Icum9 No of Trees with girth more than 0.3 m |No.h Length of Haul Road Ikmi Width of Haul road mi. Type of Haul Road metal/dir

t.k Size of Borrow Area |sqkm

Area of Borrow Area |km x kmm Quantity Available icumn Distance of Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capacity/Present

I______ ________ _______ ________ ______. U se/O w nershipo Quantity of top soil removed cum

p Detail of storage of topsoilDaily/occsionl use of the Borrow Areaby the community, if any i

r Probable reuse of Borrow pit-csk -community

s Drainage channels/slope/characteristics -

of the area2 Enhancement Elements

a Quantity of top soil removed Isq.m

b Detail of storage of topsoil sq.mc [Adjoining land use/Natural elements

d Near by catchment for storing watere | Erosion Control Programme j

f Preventive measures for _

i Leaching _

ii Mosquito Breedingiii Water run-off/contamination 1 _iv Any other environmental degrcdation { __i

3 (Details of workforce 1a |Total No of Labourers INo. I

b Total no of Male Workers No.c No of Male Workers below 18 years of No.

|d jTotal No of Female Workers jNo. | |

Originol Document by ICT & CESRevised and updated by LASA

A Iizoma, Slate Ro)idsI'-jc*:,-El. ( /I' .fI'Jbr W r /Bypas.s. :0(1.1

e INo of Female workers below iB years of No.l

4 |Details of redevelopment, Plan to be enclosedl

Certified that the furnished information is correct the quality of work is as per goodpractice and oll relevont information os required is attached

Project Engineer(Supervision Consultant) (Contractor)

C4: TARGET SHEET FOR PROTECTION MEASURES AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS WHERE ENDANGEREDFLORA IS FOUND

CHAINAGE: DATE:

Species to be protected 1) No. of plants_ _2) No. of plants__

3) No. of plants__

Total Area to be protected_, (along the road) x_ _ m (1 to road)

No. of Bamboo Poles 1750 mm highNo. of Bamboo Poles 750 mm highNo. of Bamboo Poles 2000 mm longNo. of Bamboo Poles 2100 mm longNo. of Bamboo Poles 2400 mm longLength of Barbed wire __ m

No. of Bamboo mats 2 m x 1 m with1.1.1 Openings <6mmDescription of condition of specific plants being protected:

Attach copy of photograph showing current situation.

(Contractor's representative)(Engineer's Environmental Specialist)

Onrinol Document by ICT & CESRevised aon UpoVoted by LASA

1. I I'A l',fi. I i-ai. I H%pass. 0;.;

C5: POLLUTION MONITORING

Construction Stoge: Report -Date_ _ NMonth Year_(Locations at which monitoring to be conducted as per EMP)

CompletionDurationDaeoDetails of t Instruments Date of RecsonS.No. Chainage location of Target completion if

monitoring usd Date task foDea.______ ____________ ______ com pleted if any

Air Monitoring

2 .-__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

W ater M onitoring __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2.

3 ..

Water Monitoring

2

4I.Soil Monitoring

1 1. I__ I _ _ _ _ _ _ I : -___ _

31 =__ . iNoise Monitoringt

Certified that the Pollution Monitoring has been conducted at all the locations specified in theEMP and as per the directions of the SC

Project EngineerContracto

r(Supervision Consultant)

Origincl Oocument by ICT a CESRevisecd ond Upoated by LASA

Enviro nmerital Management Plan for P1f: Ar e xire sMizoram State Roads Prmjec. 'iase-11

C6: CLEANING OF CULVERT OPENINGS

Construction Stage: Report - Date_ _ Month Year

Locatin O iCompletion Tar, etLocation ~ ~ Dt o omltiniftsS. No. Chainage Target Date Date of Completion if task Reason for Delay if any

10 X =< 1~~~coplte13..

-6-7

8910

12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Project Engineer(Supervision consultant)

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-6

Environmental Management Plan for P1B: Arnexures--Mizoram State Roads P,uject, F'hase-ll

C 7: MONITORING SHEET FOR SPECIFIC ENDANGERED FLORA LOCATIONS TO BE PROTECTED

PERIOD OF VERIFICATION _ _ TO _ _ CHAINAGE KM

Species to be ProtectedNo. of Plants

No. of Bamboo Poles in first row of which damagedNo. of Bamboo poles damaged in first rowLength of Ditch _ _ mLength of Ditch Cleared _ _ m (Quantity of material removed fromditch m3)No. of Bamboo Poles in second row _ of which damagedNo. of Horizontal Poles in second row - of which damagedNo. of MS angles (50x50x8)No. of Bamboo mats of which damaged -

Description of Area being protected (include description of condition of specific plants beingprotected)

Recent Photograph attached Yes F :2 NoCertified that the above information has been collected from on-site observations.

(Contractor's Representative) (Engineer's Environmental Specialist)

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-7

Environmental Management Plan for P18: AnnexuresMizoram State Roads Project, Phase-.'

01: TARGET SHEET FOR ROAD SIDE TREE PLANTATION

Operation Stage: Report - Dote_ _ Month Year_

Roadside Trees Turfing on slopesSection Hill Side Valley Side

Totals . No. (km - Total trees Total Area AreaK) Species Planted Species turfed Species Turfed

(Sq.m) (Sg.m)|____ Nos Nos Nos

I_ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ 7

Certified that the furnished information is correct

Project Engineer(PIU)

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-8

Environmental Management Plan for PIB: AnnexuwesMizoram State Roads Project, Phase-t

02: CLEANING OF CULVERTS

Operation Stage:

Report - Date Month Year_

LoCation / Cornpletion TatgeS. No, Chainage ITarget Date Dote of Completion [Reason for Delay_____________ ___________________________ ____________5_ _ 'if task com p leted if a ny

5__ .__ _ I.

8 __ _ _l2

3 l l_l

Project Engineer(Supervision Consultant)

LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Lid A-9 @