World Bank Document€¦ · management plan for each project is based on a specific environmental review conducted at each project site. The review process was designed to specify

E1 593Vol. 2

FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

RURAL ENERGY PROGRAMCOOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 114-A-00-05-00106-00

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN FOR LOPOTA SMALLHYDROPOWER REHABILITATIONPROJECT

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ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLANFOR LOPOTA SMALLHYDROPOWERREHABILITATION PROJECT

Prepared for: USAID / Caucasus25 Atoneli Street0105 Tbilisi, Georgia

Prepared by: Rural Energy Program 26 Dzmebi Kakabadzeebi Street, Tbilisi,

0105, GeorgiaTel: +995 32 50 63 43Fax: +995 32 93 53 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ........................................................ 22. Site Specific Environmental Management Plans ................................................ 5

2.1. Lopota Small Hydropower Project (Napareuli Community) ................................................ 52.1.1. Project Activities Overview ....................................... 52.1.2. Environmental Review .......................................... 92.1.3. Environmental Determination ................................................ 10

3. Mitigation Plan ................................................. 154. Monitoring Plan ................................................. 21Annex A. Environmental Screening of the Lopota Project Site ....................... 25Annex B. Physical and Socio-Economic Environment ............................ 31Annex C. Geological Evaluation of the Lopota SHP site .............................................. 35

1. INTRODUCTION

The USAID-sponsored Rural Energy Program (formerly known as the Renewable Energy andEnvironment Development Program, or REED) in Georgia aims at developing in-country capacityto increase the utilization of small hydropower resources and realization of energy efficiencypotential in rural Georgia.

The primary objectives of the Rural Energy Program include 1) increased supply of energy to ruralareas (both grid connected and off-grid); 2) improved management of local energy production; 3)improved in-country capacity to develop and deploy renewable energy applications in ruralcommunities; and 4) improved capacity to more efficiently utilize and protect the local energyresource base.

The Rural Energy Program envisions the implementation of a number of pilot projects in suchareas as small, mini and micro hydropower installations, extensions of natural gas distributionnetworks, renewable energy systems (other than small, mini and micro hydro facilities), andnatural resource management programs.

Rural Energy Program activities as funded by a federal government agency, USAID, are subjectto applicable U.S. environmental laws, and regulations including USAID's environmental impactassessment procedures. These procedures intend to implement the requirements of the NationalEnvironmental Policy Act of 1970. Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 216 (socalled 22 CFR 216), applies to all USAID programs, projects, activities and substantiveamendments.To comply with 22 CFR 216, the PA Consulting Environmental Team completed a ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment (PEA) for the Rural Energy Program in March of 2006. USAIDapproved the PEA for further implementation. The PEA scope contained (a) a definition ofenvironmental screening criteria for a set of projects similar in size, range and magnitude ofimpacts, and (b) characterization of common mitigation measures for each project type to alleviatethe recognized impacts. Projects that did not share common attributes (such as medium andlarge hydropower projects, projects located in national parks, or projects which raised substantialissues regarding wetlands or sensitive habitats that would require a separate EnvironmentalAssessment) were not addressed in the PEA.

The PEA evaluated four types of projects considered for investment under the Rural EnergyProgram. These included the following project categories:

* Small-scale hydropower plants;* Community natural gas (NG) distribution systems;* Renewable energy/ energy efficiency projects; and* Natural resource management projects.

Work completed by the PA Environmental Scoping Team set the stage for the PEA. Issuesidentified during preparation of the Rural Energy Program Scoping Statement (Appendix E) wereexamined by the multidisciplinary PEA Team through literature reviews, stakeholder interviews,multiple field evaluations and environmental screening analyses. Through a process ofintegrating issues identified through scoping with information collected in literature reviews,regulatory reviews, interviews, field and screening evaluations, the PEA Team identifiedenvironmental aspects that had to be addressed in the PEA.

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The environmental aspects presented in the PEA included the following subjects:* Geology and Soils* Water Resources* Biological Resources* Socioeconomics (including Public Health)* Cultural Resources.

The PEA also simplified environmental due diligence for the preparation of environmentalmanagement plans (including mitigation and monitoring plans) for a larger set of activitiesexpected under the Rural Energy Program. Due to the completion of the ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment for the entire Rural Energy Program, it was unnecessary to defineenvironmental significance ranking criteria for each individual environmental management plan.The unified significance criteria elaborated in the PEA were utilized for the environmental impactranking presented in individual environmental management plans. An environmentalmanagement plan for each project is based on a specific environmental review conducted at eachproject site. The review process was designed to specify environmental impacts characteristic ofeach project site attributable to either construction or operational phases of projectimplementation. The mitigation options are aligned with the general mitigation recommendationsspecified in the PEA.

The Environmental Management Plans (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, andinstitutional measures to be taken into account during implementation and operation to eliminateadverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. Theplans also include actions needed to implement these measures. EMPs identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts toacceptable levels. Specifically, the EMPs include the following:

(a) Summaries of all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts (including thoseinvolving indigenous people or involuntary resettlement);

(b) Descriptions (with technical details) of each mitigation measure, including the type of impactto which it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or in the eventof contingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures, asappropriate;

(c) Estimates of any potential environmental impacts of these measures; and

(d) Linkages with any other mitigation plans (e.g., for involuntary resettlement, indigenouspeoples, or cultural property) required for the project.

The monitoring section of the EMP provides the following information:

(a) A specific description and technical details of monitoring measures, including the parametersto be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detectionlimits (where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signal the need for correctiveactions; and

(b) Monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitateparticular mitigation measures.

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It was assumed that a legislative and regulatory framework is identical for all projects and wasalready discussed in the Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the Rural Energy Program.Obtaining accurate natural resource, ecological health and employment-related statistics in anypart of Georgia is extremely difficult. Also, local hospitals and other institutions do not keep healthrecords and are unwilling to discuss or acknowledge health problems. For these reasons, it wasnot been possible to analyze any data related to public health issues including environmental andoccupational health statistics in the project communities.

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2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

The following section presents environmental management plans specified for each IPP project tobe implemented in Year 1. As it was mentioned above, the Lopota SHP was examined andincluded in the PEA report prepared in March 2006. The specific project environmental impactcategories and mitigation recommendations were identified during a second site visit completedby the Rural Energy Program Environmental Team in December 2006. The proposed mitigationmeasures are in line with common recommendations outlined in the PEA.

2.1. LOPOTA SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECT (NAPAREULI COMMUNITY)

2.1.1. Project Activities Overview

The Lopota Small Hydro Power (SHP) is the first level of the hydro power plant cascade locatedon the Lopota Tiver, in the Telavi district of the Kakhety Region in East Georgia. Location of theLopota SHP is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Location of the Lopota SHP in Eastern Georgia

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The construction of the Lopota SHP started in 2003 and isn't yet completed. The work wasdiscontinued in 2004 due to lack of financing. The project plans to install the 2,000 kW generationcapacities.

The project envisages the construction of a low head diversion weir, restoration of the intake andsilt tanks, penstock, tailrace, hydro-mechanical units and electric equipment. The layout of thefacility is presented in Figure 2:

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Figure 2. Layout of the Lopota Small Hydropower Plant

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Powerhouse Headwork's Settling Basin

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The Rural Energy Program Engineering Team has visited the site and summarized the status ofthe hydropower infrastructure as follows:

* The existing settling basin is 6.4 meters wide, 5 meters long and 4 meters high. Thesettling basin is equipped with a trash rack and flashing, and flow regulating gates. Thesettling basin also serves as a forebay tank;

* The existing silt tank is 6 meters wide, 36 meters long and 6 meters high.* Water flows from the settling basin through the silt tank into a 2,080-meter long, and

1,400-mm in diameter penstock, which conveys water to the power turbines in thepowerhouse;

* Water is discharged into the irrigation canal through a 300-meter long, 2,400 mm diameterwide pipe tailrace and then enters the Alazani River through an 800 meter long open canal.

The project design documents specify the following activities to be completed at the project site:

1. Construction of a low head diversion weir;2. Rehabilitation of the settling basin and installation of emergency and flow regulating gates;3. Rehabilitation of the silt tank;4. Rehabilitation of the penstock;5. Rehabilitation of the tailrace6. Installation of hydro-mechanical units (turbine bearings, bearing thermo control system,

flywheel, pressure control in the draft tube); and7. Installation of electrical equipment8. Setting up the switch yard

Civil works associated with the full scale rehabilitation of the low height diversion weir include thefollowing activities:

* De-watering the intake pool using gabions or soil embankments. This action will allowdrying of the section of the weir for the rehabilitation works;

* Removing debris from the de-watered section;* On-site concrete mixing, forming; and gravel preparation;* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and adding steel bars as required by the design;

Removing wooden forms after concrete is dry and set;* Testing the concrete using special testing equipment;* Rehabilitating the intake and emergency spillway gates;* Collecting and disposing all debris, construction waste, scrap and remaining construction

materials in designated disposal sites.

The rehabilitation works will be conducted at the water intake which is a concrete pool equippedwith a number of emergency and flow regulating gates.

* Removing debris from the water intake pool;* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and adding steel bars as required in the design;* Removing all gates and sending them for repairs;* Removing wooden forms after concrete is dry and set;* Performing concrete testing;* Reinstalling the repaired water flow regulating gate;* Conducting testing of the water intake pool for leaks by filling with water and closing the

gate;* In case of minor leaks, filling in the gaps with concrete; and

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* Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials in a designated disposalsite.

The above-listed works shall be completed within the same timeframe as the diversion weirworks. This measure will assure that, in the event of flooding during the repair of the diversionweir, the rehabilitated system will be able to absorb some of the flood flow.

The Lopota SHP penstock also requires rehabilitation. The quality of the metal in the penstock willbe inspected and weaker sections replaced according to the instructions in the technical design.The penstock was damaged during recent flooding. Gabions need to be constructed on bothsides of the penstock in order to prevent future damage as described in the design. The penstockrehabilitation includes the following activities:

* Removing the damaged section of the penstock using gas-welding equipment;* Welding of new sections using a mobile electric welding machine;* Reinforcing the supports/saddles of the penstock according the instruction in the design* After the completion of the above-mentioned works, re-watering the penstock and

monitoring for a specific period of time (two days +/-) to identify and repair the leaks, givingspecial attention to the pipe joints;

* Painting the penstock using water-based anticorrosion paint; and* Disposing all debris, scrub and left over construction materials at a designated disposal

site and in an approved manner

The tailrace at the Lopota SHP requires rehabilitation. The tailrace presents a massive concretechannel from which water flows into a 300-meter long, 2,400 cm in diameter steel pipe. The pipediverts water into the irrigation canal. The joint between the pipeline and the canal needs to bereinforced with concrete to ensure that the maximum water volume reaches the canal. Thetailrace rehabilitation includes the following activities:

* De-watering the joint section between the pipeline and canal gabions. This action will allowdrying of the section for the rehabilitation works;

* Removing debris and sedimentation from the canal and tailrace;* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and adding steel bars as required by the design;* Removing wooden forms and waiting until concrete is dry and set;* Testing concrete using special test equipment;* Filling the tailrace and canal with water and testing for leaks;* In case of minor leaks, filling in the gaps with concrete; and* Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials at a designated disposal

site and in an approved manner.

When all rehabilitation works are completed, the entire hydro system will be re-watered andmonitored for a period of time specified in the design to identify and repair leaks.

Installation of electrical equipment: The Lopota SHP project envisages the installation of newpower distribution and control panels. The following works are planed to be conducted:

* Installing a thermo control system on both turbine bearings; flywheel, governor, draft tubeand base plate;

* Installing new wiring;* Installing new control and automation systems;* Removing of all old and non-functioning equipment and replacing it with modern, more

efficient equipment. The automation system should be rehabilitated to increase theoperation efficiency of the SHP;

* Installing transformers, feeders, bus bars, transmission poles, and power lines;

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* Securing the territory of the powerhouse with proper fencing and safety signs indicatingtypes of potential hazards;

* Equipping the settling basin and tailrace with safety handrails or netting fences;* Posting high voltage signs to indicate a threat of electrocution in the powerhouse and on

the powerhouse and switch yards.

Table 1. Electrical Equipment to be Installed at the Lopota SHP Project

Power transformer, dry 630 kVA 10/0.4 kW10 kV voltage set of switchgearVoltage transformerElectro-magnet switch with temperature breakerVoltmeter10 kV power cable

Exterior lighting in the SHP area

2.1.2. Environmental Review

The Rural Energy Program Engineering Team visited the site in December 2006. The purpose ofthe visit was to assess the current environmental conditions at the site and complete a screeninganalysis of potential environmental impacts. The following section contains an analysis of thesignificance of the various potential environmental impacts associated with the project, and,where applicable, describes the mitigation measures (including monitoring) which are needed toaddress the identified impacts.

The results of the screening exercise at the Lopota SHP project site are presented in Annex 1.

Issues which were determined to be insignificant or irrelevant following the screening analysis (incompliance with the significance criteria outlined in the PEA) are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts Excluded From Further Analysis

Construction Phase

Issues Reasons for ExclusionDisruption to wildlife or sensitive ecological habitats Rehabilitation of the existing scheme and no

significant habitats in the vicinity

Disruption of the hydrological regime Existing hydrological patterns will be maintained

Disruption of local movement and access to roads Most works will be away from village roads andrelatively of small-scale

Operational Phase

Disturbance or threat to important ecological habitats, Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure and noincluding protected ecosystems (e.g. national parks) significant habitats in the vicinity

Salt water intrusion Not applicable

Impediment to movement of livestock and humans Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, people willlikely improve access to land

Threat to historic, cultural and aesthetic sites and Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, and nofeatures land acquisition

Disruption of fisheries No significant fisheries present

2.1.3. Environmental Determination

Based on the conducted environmental review including environmental screening of the LopotaSHP project site, significant environmental impacts related to the assessed environmental aspectsare identified and presented below.

It is necessary to note that the identified impacts have moderate to low probabiity for occurance.Thus such impacts are mitigated and prevented through following best management, constructionand operational practices. The Mitigation Plan for the Lopota SHP outlines major mitigationactivities associated with each impact.

Below there is a list of environemntal impacts that were identified as moderate or significant foreach environemtal aspect proposed in the PEA. The impact list is acoompanied with a set ofmeasures recommended to mitigate the impacts.

1) Geology and Soil

(a) Construction:

Some geological hazards may occur during the construction of the Lopota SHP.

(b) Mitigation measures:

,4 Evaluate the site suitability for construction of a small hydropower facility;

4. Provide recommendations on types of construction materials to be used;

;. Calssification of the soil layer's strength to assess potential for geologicalhazards (e.g. landslide);

4, Provide recommendations on adequate river bank protection in thecatchment area to prevent erosion

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(c) Construction:

Moderate to low impact from disturbance of topsoil and aggravation of erosionduring the construction phase.

(d) Mitigation measures:

Proper landscaping of slopes and replanting vegetation.

(e) Operation:

Moderate to low impact of soil contamination during the opeartion activiites. Thisimpact is realted to improper handling of chemicals, lubricants and transformer oilsduring the operation.

(I) Mitigation mesures:

4 Regular checking for oil leaks in the machinery;

4 No mashinery washing at the site; and

4. Subcontracting professional services for regular oil change in transformers.

2) Water Resource

(a) Construction:

4 Increased Turbidity Downstream of the Headworks Construction.Construction activities require excavation, removal and movement of soil,gravel and rocks from the riverbed (in order to construct the dam and createembankments), and concrete mixing (i.e. a large constructed area). Theseactivities will potentially generate high levels of suspended solids that willincrease turbidity downstream of the weir.

4 Increased Erosion of the Lopota River Stream. Construction activities at theheadwors involve excavation, removal and movement of soil, gravel orrocks from the riverbed (e.g. create new embankments). A significantamount of concrete mixing is needed (i.g. a large construction area). Theseactivities will potentially increase erosion of the river stream (in case theexcavated soil is piled inappropriately). This in turn may increasesedimentation of the waterway and generate changes to the floodplains.

4 Increased Flooding and Changed Flooding Patternes during the HeadworkConstruction Activities. Flooding during the construction activities mightdamage or destroy the formwork where concrete will be poured for gabionsand soil embankments.

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(b) Mitigation Measures:

4. Avoid blocking stream flow during construction to eliminate the potential forflooding upstream to the weir and to increase the level of suspended solidscoming from the floodplain;

-. Avoid stockpiling soils on the river banks and the floodplains to minimizesoil moving through run-off;

A. Use concrete blocks instead of soil (where feasible) for temporary streamdiversion to reduce soil movement and stream sedimentation;

4 Restore landscaping and replant vegetation at the river bank and within theriparian ecosystem to its original form;

k Employ proper drainage techniques to prevent surface submersion and

- Avoid construction during wet seasons where possible; activities should bescheduled to reduce the duration of construction during the wet season.

(c) Operation:

X- Generated changes in the Lopota river geomorphology. The Lopota SHPrequires major construction of the weir. Water will be diverted to the LopotaSHP during the operation, significantly reducing water flow from the weir tothe tailrace. Changes of the flow regime downstream of the weir will causeimpact on the river geomorphology.

4 Reduced conservational value of the Lopota River. Water will be diverted tothe SHPs during the operation, significantly reducing the flow between thewater diversion point and tailrace. This reduction might cause changes inthe flooding pattern as well as adverse impacts to the fish populations inthis section of the river, especially during the dry section.


4. Conduct regular maintenance activities; Use best management practices topreserve water quality during maintenance activities (e.g. provision of silttraps, stockpiling of soil and debris taken from the weir away fromriverbanks, maintaining as much as possible of riparian vegetation, etc)

A. Proper scheduling of activities: planning maintenance activities during dryseasons to minimize erosion and scheduling the placement of sedimentcapturing devices and key runoff control measures before major landdisturbing activities to minimize the sediment release;

4. Conduct adequate bank protection in the catchment area to prevent erosion(e.g. replanting and maintenance of vegetation) and

4. Maintain a minimum level of water flow (a minimum ecological flow)

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3) Biological Resources:

(a) Construction:

4. Impact on Fish Spawning. If the construction activities are scheduled for thespring and the beginning of the fall season (September - October), theseworks can disrupt fish spawning in the area thus creating a negative effecton the fish population.

4a Construction activities of the Lopota SHP require temporary diversion of thestream from the weir. Blocking of the stream flow will dry the canal betweenthe weir and the tailrace discharge, which might cause significant impact onthe aquatic species.


4. Maintain a minimal sustainable river flow (minimum ecological flow) tosustain the river hydrology, water quality, existing fish population andwildlife (according to seasonal fluctuations in flow levels).

4. Avoid scheduling of the construction works during the fish spawningperiods;

4. Maintain minimum wet channel perimeters at all control structures with aconstant flow in the river throughout the year.

(c) Operation:

4. The river flow from the weir to the powerhouse will be greatly reduced dueto the operation of the Lopota SHP project. A portion of the water will bediverted from the weir to the powerhouse, significantly reducing the riverflow. Though, in order to maintain a sustainable fish population, theminimum flow would be released. Not maintaining the minimum river flow(especially in the dry season) would adversely affect the fish population.

4X Loss of Fish. The planned hydro-electrical system diverts a portion of theLopota river flow to the penstock and the turbine. Juvenile fish that passesthrough the turbine (entrainment) may be caught killed in the turbine. Bothjuvenile and potentially some adult fish might be affected by impingementagainst water intake structures and fish screens. The Salmo fario specieslisted in the Red Book of Georgia is present in the Lopota River. Therefore,the operation phase of the Lopota SHP project is anticipated to result inmoderate and potentially significant impacts on juvenile fish.


4. Install fish screens at the intake to the canal where water is diverted fromthe river's natural course. The mesh in such screens is about 3 mm x 3mm. It will prevent all larger fish and most small fish from entering the canaland the penstock. The screens require periodic cleaning from dirt anddebris by the operator.


4. Maintain a minimum wet channel perimeter at all control structures with aconstant flow in the river throughout the year

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4) Human Resources

(a) Construction:

• Impact on the Napareuli Community from Construction Activities (includingthe presence of temporary workers on the site). Local population can bedisrupted during the construction phase from the increased transport trafficand the presence of temporary employees working at the site.

4 Increased probability of work related injuries to workers and localpopulation during the construction activities.

4A Exposure to construction materials that can endanger public health. Duringthe construction such materials as asbestos can be used, which mightpresent threat to public health.


4. Establish and adhere to construction timetables to minimize disruption tonormal activities at or in the vicinity of the construction area;

4. Coordinate truck trafficking and other construction activities to minimizenoise, traffic disruption and dust.

(c) Operation:

Increased probability of work related injuries and death for the plant personnel andthe general public in case operation safety measures are not implemented.


Follow state safety regulations and guidelines, and implement best managementpractices. The REP Team has also prepared a list of safety equipment formandatory installation at the SSHP. The list is presented in Table 3.

Table 3. Personal Safety Equipment

SAFETY EQUIPMENT - MANDATORY

Hard Hats

Eye Protection - Goggles

Safety Shoes

Work Gloves

Eye Wash Station

First Aid Kit (for 50 people)

Oil Absorbing Pads 15X19in minimum weight 100 per case ABS 24,7gallons quantity boxes

Orange Vests

Harness for Personnel (inspections/dam work)

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3. MITIGATION PLAN

SIGNIFICANCE

ACTIVITY POTENTIAL & PROBABILITY MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING FOR RESIDUALIMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS MONITORINGIMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Repair of the Verify applicability REP Program,

intake pool Injury to contractors Safe working Contractor, of written safe Kakheti Regional

and workers and other Moderate - procedures to be Napareuli working Environmental Negligible -

construction of persons during Possible followed by Community procedures. Ad Office/ SHE Unlikely

the dam at the works contractor Organization hoc inspection of Officers; REP

head-works works ProgramAll waste material to REP Program,

Injury to contractors be stored in a Contractor, Kakheti regional

workers and others Moderate - secure, designated Napareuli Ad hoc Environmental Negligible -

from unsafe storage Possible area prior to removal Community inspections Office / SHE Unlikely

of waste to a designated Organization Officers; REPwaste landfill site Program

Soil contamination Best management Napareulifrom spilled Moderate - practices are Community Ad hoc inspection Negligible -

chemicals, liquid Possible implemented by COmmuniztion of the construction REP Program Unlikelyconcrete, other liquid construction Contractor site

materials contractors

polltioe (isa and Modrael Waste to be Napareuli REP Program,pollution (visual and Moderate - disposed of at a Community Ad hoc Kakheti Regional Negligible -

other) caused by Possible designated waste Organization, inspections Proff meR Unlikelyimproper disposal of landfill site Contractor UnlikelyREwaste materials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __Program _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Disturbance to Installation to be Napareuli REP Program,

residential areas Moderate - scheduled during Community Ad hoc REP ronal Moderate -caused by noise Probable normal weekday Organization, inspections Environmental / Unlikely

generated during working hours only. Contractor SHE Officers; REP

installation Program

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ACTIVITY POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUALIMPACT & PROBABILITY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACT

OF MONITORINGOCCURRENCE

Avoiding blockingstream flow duringconstruction, Usingconcrete forms ratherthan soil astemporary streamdiversions, Avoidingstockpiling soils inriver banks and thefloodplain; Returning

Increased topsoil along the river REP Program,Incream Moderate - bank and riparian REP Program, Ad hoc Kakheti Regional Moderate -downstream turbidity Probable ecosystem to its Contractor inspections Environmental PossibleIn the rver original location, and Office

restoring landcontours; Schedulingmaintenanceactivities during dryseasons; sedimentcapture devisesshould be placedbefore the landdisturbing activitiesare taking place

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ACTIVITY POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL

IMPACT & PROBABILITY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACTOF MONITORING

OCCURRENCE

Avoiding blockingstream flows;Use concrete blocksrather than soil astemporary streamdiversions;Avoiding stockpiling Napareuliof soil; Community Ad hoc REP Program,

Increased Erosion of Moderate - Scheduling Organization, REP Kakheti Regiona Low - Unlikely

River Stream possible maintenance Program, site Environmentalactivities during dry Contractor Officeseasons; Usingerosion controlmeasures such asbales to preventrun-offs;Minimizing the use ofheavy machinery

Ad hocREP Program,Moeae- Work schedules Ad hora, npetons Kakheti Regional Mdrt

Increased flooding Modee - during dry seasons; REP Program, inspedton, Amelioration of the Modraite l

I a l n saspch d Ministry ofinspection Agriculture ________

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Arrangement of fishby-passes formigrating fish;

Damage to fish installation of net fish REP Program, REP Program,stock including Moderate - screens to prevent REP Program, then periodic Kakheti Regional Moderate -disruption of fish possible ensupply co ane Contractor inspections by Environmental Possiblespawning supply canal and operator Office

minimal ecologicalflow in the river.

Pollution (visual and Waste to be Kakheti Regionalother) caused by Moderate - disposed at a REP Program, Ad hoc Environmental Negligible -improper disposal of Possible designated waste Contractor inspections Officer, REP Unlikelywaste materials landfill site Program

Repair of the Kakheti Regionalpenstock Injury to contractor Workers must follow Environmental

workers from Moderate - safety guidelines and REP Program, Ad Hoc Office/ SHE Negligible -construction Probable if necessary wear Contractor inspections Officers, REP Unlikelyequipment protective gear Program

Modernization Verify applicabilityof powerhouse Iut Moderate- Safollpw Iof written safe REP Program,including Injryer to d contractr Safat roeues w orkin CNtaraors, working Kakheti Regional Ngiilreplacement woperson aduother Modsbert protedures tolowbed Cpareunit procedures. Ad Environmental Uneligibleyof auxiliary persos duigbosil writtenando floe COmmuniztyo hoc inspection of Inspectorate, SHE Ulklequipment wok ycnrco raiainworks Officers

All waste material toInjury to contractor be stored in a Kakheti Regionalworkers and others Moderate - secure, designated Cotrct Ad hoc Environmental Negligible -from unsafe storage Possible area prior to removal ontracor inspections Inspectorate/ SHE Unlikelyof waste to a designated Officers

waste landfill sitePollution (visual and Waste to be Napareuli Kakheti Regionalother) caused by Moderate - disposed at a Community Ad hoc Environmental Negigible -improper disposal of Possible designated waste Organization, inspections lnspectorate Unlikelywaste materials landfill site Contractor nspectorate

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ACTIVITY POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL

IMPACT & PROBABILITY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACTOF MONITORING

OCCURRENCE

Installation to be Napareuli REP Program

Disturbance to scheduled during Community Ad hoc Evi rongental Moderate -

occupiers and normal weekday Organization inspections Inspectorate SHE Possible

nearby residential Moderate - working hours only. Contractor Officersareas caused by rPrbable Equipmentc b e Csnoise generated inaed on w Kakheti Regional

during installation of Facility Ogram, Inspectinsat Environmental Negligible -electrical equipment suitable buildings/ Contractor commencement Inspectorate, SHE Unlikely

powerhouse (not of works Officeroutside)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Daily checks of Kakheti Regionalmachinery for leaking Facility Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental Minor - Possible

Oil pollution of soil oil __________ nspectorate

and water during Moderate - Likely No washing of Kakheti Regional

SSHP operation machinery at the site, Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental Minor - Possible

no oil change at the OprtrA ociseto nspecto rate

Operation of sitethe Lopota Reduce plant load toSHP facility maintain a minimal

Disruption of fish ecological flow in the REP program,

spawning and Moderate - river, during the Periodic Kakheti Regional Negligible -

increased juvenile Possible spawning season; Operator inspection Environmental Unlikely

fish mortality screens to prevent Inspectorate

entrance to thepenstock__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Restoration of Damage to eco-SectoofnwleRguatesic sytm,ohaias Moderate - routes (if any) to Design Consultant inspection of Kakheti Regional Negligible -

yard and as a result of Possible avoid sensitive and contractor construction sites environmental Unlikelyelectrical lines installation of new habitats and operation Inspectorate

poles zones

Separation of topsoil insectiona oLsoftpoland subsoil during trsenchiong work KkeiRgoa

Loss oftopsoil Moderate - pole installation,tecigwr KkeiRgoaleading to increased Probable repair or replacement Contractor and other environmental Minor - Possible

soil erosion of topsoil after the operation zones Inspectorate

I I Ipoles are installed

1 9



Daily checks of Kakheti RegionalOil pollution of soil machinery for leaking Contractor Ad hoc inspection environmental Minor - Possibleand water at Moderate - Likely Ol Inspectorateconstruction site No washing of Kakheti Regional

machinery at Contractor Ad hoc inspection environmental Minor - Likelyconstruction site InspectorateWorks performed Kakheti Regional

Moderate - strictly during normal Contractor Ad hoc inspection environmental Major - Unlikelyvillage Definite weekday working Inspectorate

hoursVisual impact (lines Route alignment to Regionalare installed above Major - Definite aboveigr aonad ln Design consultant Ad hoc inspection Environmental Negligible -ground) isallatigound lieOfficer Unlikely

Landscaping and Regular

Reduced amenity Moderate - replanting of inspection of Oblast Rayon Negligible-values of the area Possible construction area Contractor completed Environmental Uneligibley

after completion of sections of the Officer Unikelyline installation works pipelineOnly fully trained

Connection of Damage to personnel to carry Regularelectrical lines Poisoning or out installations UtlyCopn isecosby Ipcorfmto homes / explosion due to gas Major - Possible according to industry Uility Company inspections by Iuetory Major- Unlikelyapartments leaks guid pantcean authority authority

guidance andstandards

Safety information to Utility Company I Regular Inspector fromhoueholders toContractor inspections regulatory

householders_____authority

Major - Possible Trained professional Inspector from Major - Unlikelyto inspect, clean, and Utility Company I Follow up regulatoryadjust equipment Contractor inspections authorityevery year

20

4. MONITORING PLAN

The Monitoring Plan presents a number of criteria against which monitoring indicators are set.

Monitoring Categories

Criteria Descriptor Evidence

Regulatory Compliance:

The facility complies with the The facility, or proposed facility, * The project owners have obtained allrequirements of national has all the necessary permissions required construction and operationenvironment, health and safety and permits required under permits and licenses including anlaws and regulations. Georgian national laws and environmental permit.

regulations. * The REP Program in cooperation with

the project owner prepared theProgrammatic EnvironmentalAssessment and developed anenvironmental management plan perrequirement of the project sponsors(USAID, EBRD).

Water Flow:

The facility maintains a minimum * Maintain minimum wetted * The project owner has obtained aecological flow in the river that is channel perimeters, at all water use permitadequate for the existing fish control structures, with a * Ecological-sanitary flow of the Lopotapopulation, wildlife and water constant flow in the river River is equal to Qsan=0.48m 3/sec)quality taking into account throughout the year.seasonal fluctuations in flow * Facility operation schedules to rate to assure that the minimallevels. be based on the minimum ecological flow is maintained.

ecological flow required tosustain the existingenvironment.

Water Quality:

The facilities operations do not The facility has minimal impact on Best management practices oncontribute to the deterioration of water quality at the head-works, hydropower construction are followed.water quality either upstream or canal, tailrace and diversion dam. The facility will not contributed to thedownstream of the facility. deterioration of water quality after the

completion of the construction activities.

Fish Passage and Protection:

The facility had minimal impact on . There should be minimal loss of * Information has been gathered on bothlocal fish populations, provides fish or fish habitat. the local and migratory fisheffective fish passage for local and . Facility preserves fish populations;migrating fish species and also population. . The project design includes fish

* Facility construction and screens;operation do not limit fish . The project design includes adequate

spawningt mitigation measures to ensure that fishi. protection criteria are met.. Flows at the intake and

downstream of the tailrace areadequate to support aquatic andriparian species in the facilityarea.

Watershed Protection:

The facility does not negatively * The facility does not affect the . An assessment of impacts associatedimpact environmental conditions in integrity of the existing ecosystem with additional components has beenthe watershed. either upstream or downstream of made.

the facility. . An assessment of upstream and. Facilities components and downstream impacts has been made.

infrastructure (e.g. access roads, . Adequate mitigation measures havepower lines, and generation been provided to ensure the eligibilityfacilities) have minimal impact criteria are met.on the riparian environment.

22

Threatened & EndangeredSpecies Protection:

The facility does not negatively * The facility is not constructed on * Sensitive or protected areas on orimpact any threatened or a protected or sensitive river. around the river have been idenbfied.endangered species nor any * The facility does not threaten or * Endangered or threatened speciesareas designated for their harm the habitat or migratory present in the area of or downstreamprotection. routes of endangered species. from, the facility have been identified.

The facility has no significant * The REP Environmental team hasimpactlon the existing wildlife assessed the potential impact of theimpact on populating facility on any such areas or species.habitat and populations. * The project design provides for

adequate mitigation measures toensure that the criteria are met.

Recreation:The facility does not stop or Access to the water remains Identification of any current recreationallimit recreational uses of the unchanged with the facility and uses of the river around the site andriver. accommodates recreational confirmation that these uses will not be

activities on the river. affected by the development of thefacility.

Cultural Issues:The facility does not Cultural property includes sites No cultural sites or property in theinappropriately impact cultural having archaeological vicinity of the facility has been identified.property (prehistoric), paleonthological,

historical, religious and uniquenatural values. Cultural propertyincludes remains left by previoushuman inhabitants and uniquenatural features such ascanyons and waterfalls.

23

Community Issues:The facility does not reduce The facility does not prevent or * Local community uses of the river havelocal community use of either limit the local community from been identified.the river or the surrounding access to the river as a communal * The locally affected community haslands. leisure amenity, and the irrigation been notified and consulted prior to the

facility development of the facility.. Adequate mitigation measures have

been agreed to ensure that eligibilitycriteria are met.

24

ANNEX A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF THE LOPOTA PROJECT SITE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ANALYSIS - SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS

1) General Information

Project Name Lopota SHP

Type of project Rehabilitation

Location (district / region) Region - Kakheti District -Telavi

Ownership Private (L.T.D. Energia)

Surrounding Present Land Use [ X] Agriculture [ ] Residential [ ]Tourism[ Industrial [X] Forest Land [ ] InstitutionalX ] Commercial [ ] Open Spaces] Others, pis. Specify:

Installed Capacity (kW) 2 000

Project Cost (USD) $300, 000

2) General Construction Activities

Is there and impact because / to Construction Operation andMaintenance

Construction / rehabilitation of structures and buildings? Y N

Construction / rehabilitation of access roads? N N

Construction / rehabilitation of transmission lines? N N

Temporary sites used for construction works or housing of Y N

construction workers?Significant risk associated with waste transport? N N

Inadequate waste disposal facilities? Y N

Include grading, trenching, or excavation > 1.0 hectares N N

Conducted near geologic hazards (faults, landslides, N N

liquefaction, un-engineered fill, etc)?Require offsite overburden / waste disposal or borrow pits N N

>1.0 ton?Cause loss of high quality farmlands > 10 hectares N N

Require the use of dangerous / hazardous substances (e.g. Y Y

oil, lubricants, chemicals; pls. Specify)?Require an oil / lubricants collection and disposal system? Y Y

Increase vehicle trips > 20% or cause substantial Y N

congestion?Cause or contribute to safety hazards? Y Y

Inadequate access or emergency access for anticipated N N

volume of people or trafffic?Produce solid wastes during construction or operation or Y N

decommissioning?Involve actions that will cause physical changes in the locality Y Y

(topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc)?

3) Geology and Soils


Earthquakes, subsidence, landslides or erosion? N NMovement of soil? Y NRates of erosion or siltation by wind or water? N YManagement of excess soil or spoil material (from mining)? N NPhysical degradation of the local environment? N N

4) Water Resources


Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of Y Npollutants onto the ground or into sewers, surface waters,groundwater, coastal waters or the sea?Run-off as a result of the hardening of surfaces, or loss of the N Nsponge effect of vegetation?Flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions? N NAbility to absorb run-off? N YChanges to flood plains? Y yQuantity of surface water, groundwater or public water N Ysupplies?Threats to hydrological functioning through existing or altered N Ywater extraction?Withdrawals from or discharges to surface or ground water? N YThreats through existing or altered impoundment N Nconstruction?Conservational or recreational value of rivers, streams, lakes, N Nwetlands thrugor islands?Threats through existing or altered pollution? N NThreats through existing or altered turbidity? Y YThreats through existing or altered agricultural run-off? N NThreats through existing or altered chemical processes or N Nnutrient balances?Threats through existing or altered changes in sediment flows N Yand siltation rates?Changes through existing or altered canalization? N YRiver, stream or lake onsite or within 30 meters of Y yconstruction?Excavation or place of fill, removing gravel from a river, Y Ystream or lake?Onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk N Nquantities?Decreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ndownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?

26

5) Bioloaical Resources


Important, high quality or scarce resources that could be N Naffected by the project?Located in a Protected Area or Wildlife Corridor? N NInundate or remove wetland habitats? N NSurvival of rare or endangered plant species? N NDiversity of plant communities? N NVegetation communities of conservation or scientific N Nimportance?Natural replenishment of existing species? N NFirewood collection? N NOverexploitation of biological resources? N NSurvival of rare or endangered animals? N NDiversity of animal communities? N NNatural migration of species? N YIntroduction of alien species? N NLoss of native species or genetic diversity? N NVegetation removal or construction in wetlands or riparian N Nareas > 1.0 hectare?Use of pesticides / rodenticides, insecticides, or herbicides > N N1.0 hectare?Construction in or adjacent to a designated wildlife refuge? N NDecreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?Re-entry pipe cause increased scouring of stream bank N Nwhere water is returned to the stream?Flora and / or fauna of ecological or commercial significance N Nto be found?

27

6) Socioeconomic Issues


Existing settlements in the vicinity of the proposed project? Y YExisting land uses on or around the project that could be N Naffected by the project?Areas on or around the location of the project that are N Nalready subject to pollution or environmental damage?Permanent or temporary change in land use, land cover or N Ntopography including increases in intensity of land use?Social infrastructures located in or near the project area (e.g., N Nschools, health canters / clinics, places of worship, others?Be affected by natural disasters causing environmental N Ndamage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslide etc)?Social acceptability of the project (community, government, Y Ynon-governmental organizations)?Visual and odor effects of waste sites? N NRisk to the community and the local environment should the N Yfacility break down?Potential conflict with adjacent land uses? N NNon-compliance with existing codes, plans, permits or design N Nfactors?Construction in national park or designated recreational N Narea?Relocation of >10 individuals for +6 months? N NInterrupt necessary utility or municipal service > 10 N Nindividuals for + 6 months?Loss or inefficient use of mineral or non-renewable N Nresources?Noise levels > 5 decibels for + 3 months? N NAdverse visual impact when compared to the surrounding N Nnatural landscape?Affect future land uses on or around the location? N NAre there any areas on or around the location that are N Ndensely populated or built-up, which could be affected by theproject?Highly visible to many people? N NLead to pressure for consequential project that could have N Ysignificant impact on the environment (e.g. more housing,new roads, new supporting industries or utilities, etc)?Cumulative effects due to proximity to other existing or N Nplanned projects with similar effects?Social changes, for example, in demography, traditional Y Ylifestyles, and employment?

28

7) Cultural Issues


Prehistoric, historic, or paleontological resources within 30 Nmeters of construction? NUnique cultural or ethnic values at the site? N N

8) Public Health issues

Will the project affect... Construction Operation andMaintenance

Human or community health or welfare? Y YThe quality or toxicity of air, water, foodstuffs and other N Nproducts consumed by humans?Morbidity or mortality of individuals, communities or Y Ypopulations by exposure to pollution?Occurrence or distribution of disease vectors including N Yinsects?Vulnerability of individuals, communities or populations to N Ydisease?Individuals' sense of personal security? Y NCommunity cohesion and identity? N NCultural identity and associations? N NMinority rights? N NHousing conditions? N NEmployment and quality of employment? Y YEconomic conditions? Y YSocial institutions? Y YCause accidents that could affect human health or the Y Yenvironment?- From explosions, spillages, fires etc? Y Y- From storage, handling, use or production of hazardous Y Y

or toxic substances?Be affected by natural disasters causing environmental N Ndamage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslip, etc)?Vulnerable groups of people who could be affected by the Y Yproject (e.g. hospital patients, the elderly)?

29

9) Air Quality


Onsite air pollutant emissions? Y NViolation of applicable air pollutant emissions or ambient N Nconcentration standards?Vehicle traffic during construction or operation? Y NDemolition or blasting for construction? N NOdor during construction or operation? N NAlteration of microclimate? N NRelease pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious Y Nsubstances to air?- Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels from stationary Y N

or mobile sources?- Emissions from materials handling including storage or N N

transport?- Emissions from construction activities including plant and Y N

equipment?- Dust or odors from handling of materials including Y N

construction materials, sewage and waste?- Emissions from burning of waste in open air (e.g. slash N N

material, construction debris)?

10) Noise and Vibration


Noise and vibration or release of light, heat energy or Y Yelectromagnetic radiation?- From operation of equipment (e.g. engines, ventilation Y Y

plant, crushers)?- From construction or demolition? Y N- From blasting or piling? N N- From construction or operational traffic? Y N- From sources of electromagnetic radiation? N N

30

ANNEX B. PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

1. Physical Environment

River lopota, where the Lopota SHP is located, represents the tributary of the Alazani River, whichbelongs to the Caspian Sea Basin. Caspian Sea Basin is located in the eastern part of the countryand influences the region's drier climate. The main rivers of the Caspian Sea Basin are: Kura Riverwith its tributaries, Terek, Alazani and lori.

Geology

The village of Napareuli lies near the Lopota River, which is a tributary of the Alazani River. Thevillage is located in the district of Telavi, in the Kakheti region located in East Georgia. Geologically,the landscape is constructed mostly of Mesozoic and Tertiary formations. Jurassic layers arerepresented with sandstone and clay. Related to the central Caucasus, the mountain elevationsrange from 2000 meters to 3000 meters and have no glaciers. Ancient glaciers shaped the localrelief. Eroded landscapes dominate. A typical feature is poor development of the foothill belt.(Encyclopedia of Georgia, 1964)

The Caucasus Mountains are found in the northeast area of the Telavi district and range in elevationof 2,870 meters to 3,293 meters. To the southwest, the Gombori Mountain Range can be found withelevations ranging from 1,522 meters to 1,903 meters. The central portion of the area is the AlazaniRiver Valley, with elevations ranging from 350 meters to 600 meters (Encyclopedia of Georgia,1964).

Geo Hazards

In terms of seism the territory is considered to be an active seismic zone. Seismicity of the region isa "nine" (9) using the MKS scale (Map of Seismic Hazard Assessment of Georgia, 2006).

Soils

Various soil types are found in different parts of the Kakheti region resulting from differences inphysical geographical and climatic conditions. On the left bank of the Alazani River, sandy, alluvialand non-calcareous soils are most common. In the lowest strip of the first upper terrace near theAlazani River flood plain, mainly meadow- bog, alluvial-, and carbonate soils can be found. Forest-meadow, alluvial and non-calcareous soils are predominant on the vast areas of the left bank.Toward the mountain strip these soils gradually change into forest brown soils (Map of Soil Types ofGeorgia, 2000).

Climate

The climatic factors of the Lopota River are stipulated by solar radiation, distance from the BlackSea and orographical conditions of the basin. On the territory of the Lopota River Basin climate isdamp with hot summer and cold winter. One of the main factors, which define the climatic factors, isair temperature. Its average monthly, annual and extreme values defined by the existingmeteorological station Naphareuli are given in Table 1 below.

31

Table 1: Air Temperature (Average Monthly, Annual and Extreme Values), t°C

m/ Temperature I - - III IV V VI Vii Vill IX X XI XII Year5

Average 1.0 2.3 6.1 12.0 17.0 20. 23.1 22.9 18.6 12.8 7.5 2.9 12.2

X Abs. maximum 21 22 28 31 34 37 39 39 38 35 28 23 39a-

z Abs. minimum -24 -18 -14 -4 0 6 8 8 0 -6 -8 -20 -24

The hottest month is July, the coldest - January. The annual sum of precipitations reaches 770mm(Department of Hydrometeorology of Georgia).

Hydrology

The source of the Lopota River is on the southern slope of the Caucasian Range at 2380 m height.It joins the left bank of the Alazani River. The length of the river is 33 km, total drop - 2000 m,catchments basin area - 263 kM2, and average depth - 1400 m.

The average many year's discharge of the river Lopota is - 3.26 m3/sec, while average many yearsmaximal water discharge is 19,7 m3/sec. The river water regime is characterized with floods inspring, flash floods in autumn and spring, unstable low water in summer and stable low waterperiods in winter.

The distribution of average annual discharges of the Lopota River per months in the headworksection of the diversion canal of the Boldoba SHP is given below:

Table 2: Annual Distribution of Average Water Discharges of Lopota River

P% I II IV V VI VIl Vill IX X Xl XII Year

10 2.93 3.44 5.94 11.9 13.1 9.80 7.14 5.31 5.62 5.94 4.42 3.42 6.58

50 2.13 2.50 4.32 8.64 9.52 7.12 5.19 3.86 4.07 4.32 3.21 2.48 4.78

95 1.24 1.46 2.52 5.04 5.56 4.16 3.03 2.25 2.38 2.52 1.87 1.45 2.79

Vegetation

The natural cover of lowland and mountainous parts of Alazani River is greatly affected byanthropogenic activities; the entire area is covered by various types of cultural and man-madelandscapes (Fig 5.10). Unused land is covered by steppe (represented by steppe-like vegetationcomprised of Stipa), forest-steppe (represented by following species: hombeam (Carpinusorientalis), wild rose (Rosa cinnamomea), Jerusalem thron (Paliurus spina-christi), long leafbuckthorn (Rhamnus pallasii), thom (Crataegus pentagyna), and secondary forest represented byoak (Querpus) and hombeam (Carpinus) (Ketskhoveli N., 1959).

Riparian oak-dominated forests are found in the vicinity of the village of Napareuli. Generally, oakwoodlands are dominated by oak (Quercus pedunculiflora, Quercus pedunculiflora), elm (Ulmusfoliacea), willow (Salix excelsa), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica), maple(Acer campestre) and lime (Tilia caucasica). Sub-forests in oak-dominated woodlands arecomprised of quite a few species of shrubs such as privet (Ligustrum vulgare), medlar (Mespilus

32

germanica), dogwood (Cornus mas) and hazel (Corylus avellana). Oak woodlands are marked bythe presence of abundant lianas such as smilax (Smilax excelsa) and ivy (Hedera helix).

The following species found in the vicinity of the district are listed in the Red Book of Georgia: oak(Quercus pedunculiflora), wing nut (Pterocarya pterocarpa), persimmon (Diospyros lotus), wild vinegrape (Vitis sylvestris) and ivy (Hedera pastuchowii, Hedera pastuchowii).

Timber logging has become very intensive targeting especially high quality wood species such asoak, Caucasian wing nut, hornbeam and elm. Due to intensive logging, some zones of forestecosystems have been destroyed entirely. In the area of forest cleared by logging, dense lianashrubbery has developed suppressing woody plant regeneration. Wood in this area is primarilyused as fuel and for construction (Alazani Flood Plain Management Plan, 2005).

Mammals

On the left bank of the Alazani River the following species were registered: North American raccoon(Procyon lotor), wildcat (Felis silvestris), pine marten (Martes Martes), fox (Vulpes vulpes), jackal(Canis aureus), bear (Ursus arctos, Red Book of Georgia National category-EN), and badger (Melesmeles).

Several species found in areas surrounding the district are included on the IUCN list for rare andendangered species including: horseshoe (Rhinolophus ipposideros, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum),lesser noctule (Nyctalus leislern), Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) and otter (Lutra lutra).

Avifauna

The Alazani Flood Plain acts as a corridor for migratory birds from spring to autumn, providingresting grounds and feeding places for these migratory species. The presence of migratory specieswas not confirmed nearby the village of Napareuli. Most commonly cited bird species of the villageare the golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), dipper (Cinclus cinclus) and robin (Erithacus rubecula)(Jordania R., Boeme B., Kuznetsov A., 1999).

Reptiles

According to available literature the following reptile species have been reported within the Telavidistrict: European glass lizard (Ophisaurus apodus) slow worm (Anguis fragilis), ring snake (Natrixnatrix), water snake (Natrix tessellate), and lizard (Lacerta strigata).

The following amphibians are found in the vicinity of the district: frog (Rana ridibunda,), green toad(Bufo viridis) and the European tree frog (Hyla arborea). The Alazani River and its adjacent areasare presumably also inhabited by the banded newt (Tritorus vitatus), considered an endangeredspecies and included in the Red Data Book of Georgia (Alazani Flood Plain Management Plan,2005).

Fish

The following fish species have been listed in available literature: trout (Salmo fario, Red Book ofGeorgia, Statute-Vulnerable), riffle minnow (Albumoides bipunctatus eichwaldi), and silver bream(Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica). It should be noted that illegal fishing in the Lopota River has had

a detrimental affect on fish population.

Spawning periods for major fish species found in the river Lopota are noted in Table 3 below.

33

Table 3: Lopota River Fish Spawning Periods

Fish Spawning PeriodTrout September-OctoberRiffle Minnow April-AugustSilver Bream May-June

2. Socio-Economic Environment

Population and Settlements:

The community (sakrebulo) of Napareuli consists of 1,458 households and 3,490 persons, a 5%decrease from 1989. The vast majority (90%) of the population is Georgian. There are alsoArmenians (4%) and Azeris (6%) in the community. (Lado Skhirtladze, Lopota SHP owner).

Land Use:

The community has 1,317 hectares of arable lands, 280 hectares of vineyards, 12 hectares oforchards, and 83 hectares pastures. Fifty-six (56) hectares are non-agricultural lands. Of all land,47.6% of land is privately owned. (Lado Skhirtladze, the Lopota SHP owner).Income and Infrastructure:

Ten percent (10%) of the population is registered as wage employees. Eighty percent (80%) is self-employed involved mainly in selling agricultural products. Average monthly per household cashincome equals $25. (Lado Skhirtladze, the Lopota SHP owner).

Social Infrastructure:

The community has one school, two medical facilities and one cultural facility.

The Kakheti Distribution Company supplies grid electricity to the local community. Power supply isvery poor and there is no NG network. Alternative energy sources are kerosene and generator.The sakrebulo has access to a central water system.

The main road connecting the sakrebulo to the district center is six kilometers in length and is paved(asphalt) but seriously damaged. Roads within the sakrebulo total 50 kilometers in length and areall unpaved. (Lado Skhirtladze, Lopota SHP owner).

Attitude towards rehabilitation of the hydropower plant:

Operation of the Lopota SHP envisages providing electricity to the local community (approximately4000 households) and nearby small enterprises such as pottery is. From the operation of theLopota SHP the local population expects to receive permanent electricity supply and new jobopportunities. Besides, the amount of water which is used for SHP's functioning will be enough forirrigation of 1000 hectare land and therefore will cause increase of quality and quantity of fruit andcrops production.

34

ANNEX C. GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOPOTA SHP SITE

1. FOREWORD

In compliance with a Terms of Reference provided by the Rural Energy Program, theengineering team undertook to conduct visual inspection of the construction site of thehydroelectric power plant on the river Lopota and revise the results of geotechnicalinvestigation of the same construction site carried out by the Georgian Office of the Associationof Energy Engineers in 2002.

Phase I included geotechnical and geological investigation of the Lopota SHP construction site(photo 1-11). Preliminary results of particle-size analysis of sample water (photo 7-8) showedthat the floodplain is suitable for construction of the headwork for reception of required volumesof water and the hypsometric curve in the area from the headwork to the power-plant enablesfree flow of water.

Phase II involved revision of the results of geotechnical examination of the Lopota SHPconstruction site carried out by Energia Ltd. in 2002.

2. HEADWORK CONSTRUCTION SITE CHARACTERISTICS

The construction site is situated in the area of River Lopota's bed and floodplain. Thefloodplain is composed of boulders and cobbles of alluvial-prolluvial genesis with loam andloamy sand matrix. Petrographically, cobbles and boulders are represented by sandstone andshale. Stone material is slightly rounded. Based on available data and examination results, twogeotechnical elements (GE) have been identified in the study area: a) GE-1: slightly roundedbroken stone, gravel, and cobble with loamy sand matrix and b) GE-2: cobbles with boulders,clay with loamy matrix.The construction site soil characteristics and geotechnical data necessary for the constructionare based on laboratory research (tables 2, 3) and publications (table 1).

Table 1: Soil Category

(U (

a-

2 >co C' coo co W

(U LX u - 8h-; 0 %o>

2 r-E 0 0CO-> . 0- 3

(U m LO 0 Cl

6r- - C

2 1 ( (U21 . .5 3 2 1 0

0V E7

~C) CE ~ E 035

Based on particle-size analysis, water-bearing stratum is composed of cobbles and boulders withloamy matrix (Table 2).

Table 2. Particle Size Distribution

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, %

o CD o C_j( C 7 9CA C 9A 0 ° 0 0 o O ° ° 6 9 N

1 0-0 6.67 14.86 17.78 12.33 11.36 9.10 4.90 7.70 5.90 3.60 2.30 0.60 1.30 1.602 0-0 10.01 14.48 14.52 12.51 10.49 8.25 4.12 7.55 6.35 5.47 3.14 0.58 1.29 1.24

Chemical composition of the River Lopota water was examined during the surveys (table 3).

Table 3. Groundwater Chemical Testing - Laboratory Data

Content per 1 liter

. - Anions Cations

Dry HC0 3 54C-residual C0 3 | CL- S04 Ca++C| Mg++ Na++K+ |++ + Fe. NH4

mg-I 63.9 38.2 4.254 15.2 12.4 2.8 3.9

eqmuiv 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.12 0.32 0.62 0.23 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 % mg 0.00 0.00 58.93 11.29 29.78 58.23 21.67 20.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.7ol equiv. _ _ _ _ _ _

muiv 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.20 0.56 1.70 0.70 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00

equ I 0.00 0.00 73.45 7.10 19.45 59.53 24.45 16.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

Based on results of laboratory analysis (tables 4, 5), the water is fresh, containing hydrogencarbonate, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, and natrium. The water is colorless and tastelesswith pH=6.7 and total hardness of 0.850 mg/equivalent.

The water belongs to non-aggressive type, but is slightly aggressive by its pH content.Environmental attack on metal structures if wetted is weak, while attack on carbon steel ismedium.

36

Table 4. Groundwater Aggressiveness To Concretes

E Groundwater aggressivity to structures

* 0 In soils Kf>0.lm/24h In soils Kf<0.lm/24ho > m Aggressiveness:z

-L Concrete grade per permeabilityEE W4 W6 W8 W4 W6 W8

Bicarbonatehardness No No No No No Nomg eq/l

Hydrogen ion No No No Feebly No No

Aggressivecarbon dioxide No Nocontent, mg/lMagnesia salt No No No No No Nocontent, mg/lAmmonia salt

co 0 content, mg/la. 0.00 _ _ _

o High alkalinity No No No No No Nocontent, mg/I _ _ No No No No_No

Sulfates for concrete

Portland cement(roCT10178- No No No No No No76)Portland blast-furnace (slag) No No No No No NocementSulfate-resistant No No No No No Nocement

Table 5. Groundwater Aggressiveness To Metals

SoilE Water aggressivity impact aggressivityc on reinforced concrete to

metal parts hydrocarbon. ___ Osteel, below

z groundwater- If periodically level withE If in water subject infiltratione) to water rate

>0.1 m/24h

Lopota No Feebly Medium

37

3. HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVER LOPOTAThe River Lopota originates in the northern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range from a springlocated at the height of 2380 meters above sea level 1 km westward of the Mountain Sokori'speak.

The river length is 33 km, total gradient - 2000 m, average gradient - 60.6 m. The total area ofthe catchment is 263 km2 ;average altitude - 1400 m.

The River Lopota basin is situated on the southern slopes of the Main Caucasus Rangebordering with the River Stori to the northwest, the Main Caucasus Range to the north, theSajikhve range to the northeast, and the Alazani Valley to the south.The catchment is divided into the mountain area and the plain. The mountain area with its hillysharply contoured terrain cut by ravines covers the southern slope of the Main CaucasusRange at the height of 500-3000 m.

A small section in the lower part of the catchment has smooth terrain. The right bank of theriver is cut by irrigation channels and small streams. The plain is slightly sloped (1-20) towardsthe River Alazani.

The ravines are filled with alluvial sediments. Alluvial material and loamy quaternary sedimentsare spread in the plain.

The river gorge in the mountainous area is V-shaped. The width of the gorge ranges from 2 m(near the riverhead) to 1 km (village Lapankuri), but for the most part it makes up 100 m. Theslopes are terraced and mostly convex. Flat or concave slopes are uncommon. The angle ofslope at the bottom is 2-450, rarely 500, while at the top it makes 10-250. In the widest part ofthe gorge, near the Village Lapankuri and further downstream, the slopes are smoother andstrongly dissected by tributaries and ravines.

The surface of the slopes is constituted by gravel and clay and covered by thick forests.The riverbed is moderately weaving. Starting from the Village Lapankuri, river adjacent areasare submerged during high waters and floods.

The width of the river increases downstream from 2 m (near the riverhead) to 12m (1 kmupstream from the Village Lapankuri), but for the most part it makes up 5 m.The minimal and maximal depths of the river are 0.1 m (near the riverhead) and 0.7 m (1 kmdownstream near the River Gojati mouth) respectively, while for the most part is makes 0.4 m.Rate of flow mostly makes 1 m/sec; its maximum index is 2.5 m/sec (upstream) and minimum- 0.8 m/sec (2 km up from mouth).

The bottom of the river in the upstream section is rocky and mostly covered with stones,cobble and sand with boulders. The bottom becomes even and gravelly when the river richesthe Alazani Valley. In the upstream and midstream sections the banks are smooth whiledownstream they are flat, open and washable. Starting from the riverhead the banks join theslopes. Downstream they are 1-2 m high.

The River Lopota has not been studied sufficiently in hydrological sense. The firstinvestigations of the catchment were held August 1-2, 1943 (from the mouth to the villageLapankura) and September 17-18, 1947 (from the village Lapankuri to the riverhead).As a rule observations of gaging stations or river stations controlled by the Georgian Hydro-Meteorological Service or other relevant department are used for river regime analysis. The

38

absence of such stations on the River Lopota hindered hydrological observations. Therefore,ambulatory water-metering stations were used during the hydrological studies.

The results of observations made by these stations back the hydrological conclusion that theRiver Lopota feeds with precipitation and melting water.

The time and intensiveness of the first spring flood depends on the amount of snow andduration of melting, which as a rule coincides with a rapid rise in temperature.

The flood period upstream the Lopota starts in March or in the first half of April. The later theflood period begins the higher water rises and vice versa. In case of early melting the riverhydrograph is smooth in terms of water level fluctuation.

Water level drops in July and law-water season begins in August with water level decreasing toits annual minimum.

Water level begins to increase in autumn as rainy weather sets in, but this is a temporary eventand water starts decreasing in a while and steadies down at the lowest winter level astemperature falls.

The observations of the Lopota water level allow referring this river to precipitation-meltingfeeding type. Maximum water flow discharge (60%) falls on the spring flood period.

Analysis of hydrometric data received in the area of the headwork (in this case the main watermetering station which helps to identify the river regime) allows defining the followingcharacteristic of the River Lopota: minimum water discharge amplitude falls on the wintermonths, while maximum falls on spring.

During floods the river water carries suspended sediments and bed load, which settle in themidstream and downstream. Construction of the Lopota SHP low-head weir will cause thechanges in the flow regime in the downstream of the weir, and will have impact on the Lopotariver geomorphology.

Ice crust is thin and never covers the river completely. Land ice, bottom ice and ice cover areformed in December-January and melt in early March. Hydrological characteristics of the RiverLopota are given in the Table 6 below.

39

Table 6. Hydrological Characteristics Of The River Lopota

Discharge, me/sec

Minimum. E Monthly

Cu Monthly. Annual average Maximum mean-c meanwinter

I o summer

XCu

o - -a)I 1D LO L r- LO --> E c rl- o - - - o I' ocu

C- E 98.6 1650 3.45 3.00 2.42 298 258 196 167 113 0.64 0.36 0.20-J C:

2 E 137 1420 3.50 3.08 2.44 358 302 224 1901 1.14 0.65 0.43 0.31

0LO

co

a)

~0

153.0 1350 3.60 3.14 2.48 378 319 236 201 1.15 0.66 0.48 0.360) OD

04

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The choice of the area is geologically consistent (photo 3-4).

2. No hazardous geological processes able to hinder exploitation of the facility have been

observed.

3. The water in the study area is non-aggressive and not dangerous for any kind of concrete.

4. Environmental attack on carbon steel and metal structures if wetted is moderate.

5. Based on their seismic characteristics the soils in the study area fall under the second

category (CH4n 11-7-81), which means that seismic capacity of the construction site based on

these soils complies with seismic zoning. The Lopota SHP construction site area belongs to 9-

point seismic zone.

6. During the SHP construction special attention should be given to preservation of the existing

drain channel, which can be used at the time of low water (photo 6).

7. To reduce changes in the river geomorphology due to the construction of the low head weir,

it is recommended to:

a) Maintain a minimum ecological river flow. According to the callculations (done by the

hydrometeological department), ecological-sanitary flow of average 10% long-termwater discharge (norm) in the Lopota River is equal to Qan=0.48m3/sec;

b) Construct adequate bank protection in the catchment area to prevent future erosion

(e.g. maintenance vegetation), extract coarse materials from the riverbed and use

sediment trapping devises;

10. Part 2.5 (geotechnical investigation) of the project carried out by Energya Ltd. (The Lopota

SHP on the River Lopota, 2002), has been implemented at a high level.

11. Geological engineer's presence during the SHP construction is preferable to make timely

corrections in case of need.

41

Photo 1 Photo 2

Photo 3 Photo 4

n ~~ 1 - ,--

_ _ _.

-

Photo 5 Photo 6

42

Photo 7 Photo 8

Photo 9 Photo 1 0

Photo 1 1

43

VI WINROCKINTE RNA IONAL

FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Putting Ideas to Work


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN SMALL HYDRO POWERREHABILITATION PROJECTS

.:b

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLANSMALL HYDRO POWERREHABILITATION PROJECTS


Prepared by: Rural Energy Program 26 Dzmebi Kakabadzeebi Street, Tbilisi,0105, Georgia

Tel: +995 32 50 63 43Fax: +995 32 93 53 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introduction .......................................................... 12. Site Specific Environmental Management Plans ................................ 3

2.1 Khani-2 Small Hydropower Project (Nergeeti Community) ....................... 32.1.2 Project Activities Overview ............................................ 32.1.3. Environmental Review .............................................. 82.1.4. Environmental Determination .......................................... 9

3. Mitigation Plan ....................................................... 144. Monitoring Plan ...................................................... 20Annex A. Environmental Screening of the Khani-2 Project Site ............................................ 22Annex B. Physical and Socio-Economic Environment ............................. 28

1. INTRODUCTION

The USAID-sponsored Rural Energy Program (formerly known as the Renewable Energy andEnvironment Development Program, or REED) in Georgia aims at developing in-country capacity

to increase the utilization of small hydropower resources and realization of energy efficiencypotential in Georgia's rural communities. The Rural Energy Program also includes identificationand implementation of a number of small hydropower and natural gas extension projectsthroughout Georgia's regions.

The primary objectives of the USAID sponsored Rural Energy Program (RED) include 1)increased supply of energy to rural areas (both grid connected and off-grid); 2) improvemanagement of local energy production; 3) improved in-country capacity to develop and deployrenewable energy applications in rural communities; and 4) improved capacity to more efficientlyutilize and protect the local energy resource base.

The RED Program envisions the implementation of a number of pilot projects in such areas as

small, mini and micro hydro power installations, extensions of natural gas distribution networks,renewable energy systems (other than small, mini and micro hydro facilities), and naturalresource management programs.

RED Program activities as funded by a federal government agency, USAID, are subject toapplicable U.S. environmental laws, and regulations including USAID's environmental impactassessment procedures. These procedures intend to implement the requirements of theNational Environmental Policy Act of 1970. Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 216(so called 22 CFR 216), applies to all USAID programs, projects, activities and substantiveamendments.

To comply with 22 CFR 216, the PA Environmental Team completed the ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment (PEA) for the projects funded by the USAID RED Program in March2006. USAID has approved the PEA for further implementation. The PEA scope contained (a) adefinition of environmental screening criteria for a set of projects similar in their size, range andmagnitude of impacts, and (b) characterization of common mitigation measures for each projecttype to alleviate the recognized impacts. Projects that did not share common attributes (such asmedium and large hydropower projects or projects located in national parks, or raised substantialissues regarding wetlands or sensitive habitats that would require a separate EnvironmentalAssessment) were not addressed in the PEA.

The PEA evaluated four types of projects considered for investment under the RED Program.These included the following project categories:

* Small-scale hydropower plants;* Community Natural Gas (NG) distribution systems;

Renewable energy/ energy efficiency projects; and* Natural resource management projects.

The work completed by the PA Environmental Scoping Team set the stage for the PEA. Issuesidentified during preparation of the Rural Energy Program Scoping Statement (Appendix E) were

examined by the multidisciplinary PEA Team through literature reviews, stakeholder interviews,multiple field evaluations and environmental screening analyses. Through a process ofintegrating issues identified through scoping with information collected in literature reviews,regulatory reviews, interviews, field and screening evaluations, the PEA Team identifiedenvironmental aspects that had to be addressed in the PEA. The environmental aspectspresented in the PEA included the following subjects:

* Geology and Soils

Water Resources

Biological Resources

1

* Socioeconomics (including Public Health)* Cultural Resources.

The PEA also simplified environmental due diligence for the preparation of environmentalmanagement plans (including mitigation and monitoring plans) for a larger set of activitiesexpected under the RED Program. Due to the completion of the Programmatic EnvironmentalAssessment for the entire RED Program, it was unnecessary to define environmentalsignificance ranking criteria for each individual environmental management plan. The unifiedsignificance criteria elaborated in the PEA were utilized for the environmental impact rankingpresented in individual environmental management plans.An environmental management plan for each project is based on a specific environmental reviewconducted at each project site. The review process was designed to specify environmentalimpacts characteristic of each project site attributable to either construction or operational phaseof the project implementation. The mitigation options are aligned with the general mitigationrecommendations specified in the PEA.The Environmental Management Plans (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, andinstitutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverseenvironmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plansalso include actions needed to implement these measures. EMPs identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts toacceptable levels. Specifically, the EMPs include the following:(a) Summaries of all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts (including thoseinvolving indigenous people or involuntary resettlement);(b) Descriptions (with technical details) each mitigation measure, including the type of impact towhich it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or in the event ofcontingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures, asappropriate;

(c) Estimates of any potential environmental impacts of these measures; and(d) Linkages with any other mitigation plans (e.g., for involuntary resettlement, indigenouspeoples, or cultural property) required for the project.The monitoring section of the EMP provides the following information:(a) A specific description, and technical details, of monitoring measures, including theparameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency ofmeasurements, detection limits (where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signalthe need for corrective actions; and(b) Monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitateparticular mitigation.

It was assumed that a legislative and regulatory framework is identical for all projects and wasalready discussed in the Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the RED Program.Obtaining accurate natural resource, ecological health and employment related statistics in anypart of Georgia is extremely difficult. Also, local hospitals and other institutions do not keephealth records and are unwilling to discuss or acknowledge health problems. For these reasons,it was not been possible to analyze any data related to public health issues includingenvironmental and occupational health statistics in the project communities.

2


The following section presents environmental management plans specified for each project to be

implemented in Year 1. The specific project environmental impact categories and mitigation

recommendations were identified during of site visits completed by the Rural Energy

environmental team in December 2006. The proposed mitigation measures are in line with

common recommendations outlined in the PEA.

2.1 Khani-2 Small Hydropower Project (Nergeeti Community)

2.1.2 Project Activities Overview

The Khani-2 SHP is the first level of the hydro power plant cascade located on the river

Khanistskali in the Nergeeti village of the Bagdadi district, the Imereti region in Western Georgia.

Figure 1. Location of Nergeeti SHP in Western Georgia

SAKRAULA RIVER WATERSHED

*USAID

SAKRAUL.A I

RIVER WATERSHED 3-

The plant was built in 1950, and commissioned in 1952. From 1952 through 1964 the

hydropower plant supplied 300 kW of electricity to the Bagdadi settlement and the adjacent

villages.

Since 1964 the plant is not operational. The project site was privatized in 1996 and presently

generates about 10 kW of electricity to power an on-site storage refrigerator for the ice making

factory.

The project envisions the restoration of the previously constructed hydro infrastructure (the

channel, spillways, intake gates, etc.), the installation of a 300 kW generator and other

rehabilitation works on the dam and site infrastructure. The layout of the facility is presented in

Figure 2 below.

3

Figure 2. Layout of the Khani-2 Small Hydropower Plant

,.- ,7/ Khani -1 P' h- - / -lS ;X) I l|(

1 ! )/ 'I

Irrigation channsl \

Cl J. .'119''\. b,b($. 1 \I -2 ~ W3i parn ng kn

Hidraulic jumwll CA LE

Dam t

Khanistskali River at the project site

The project works are outlined in the Khani-2 Business Plan prepared by the Rural Energyengineering team in cooperation with the project owner.

The Rural Energy engineering team has visited the site and summarized the status of thehydropower infrastructure as follows:

* The dam outlet, is 3-4 meter wide, and its left side weir pier are completely damaged;

* The 12 meter-long area of the regulating weir adjacent to the dam outlet is completelydamaged. At the same time the destruction process of the dam is progressing leftwards,causing a gradual widening of the damaged area;

At the damaged area of both the dam outlet and the regulating weir some concrete blocksare laid down to create the water level required for the supply canal. This could preventeffective rehabilitation of the dam and the intake pool area;

4

There are damages at the stilling basin as well. In some areas, the concrete liningpractically completely disappeared. The tail-bay of the facility is washed out, and the

elevation of tail water is lower (by 1-2 meters) than it was originally designed;

Only some isolated parts of the concrete collar of the stilling basin are usable;

The downstream apron is completely damaged;

The control gate is more or less in good shape. The first (concrete) part of the channel

with a rectangular cross-section is also in normal condition;

* As the head works was operating with no outlet for years, the outlet was arranged at the

dam's head section and fitted with a 1200 mm steel pipe. This outlet is operational in

normal condition;

• The divider that controls the water flow to the supply channel and the reservoir is in place

but its concrete lining is damaged and weakened. The existing gates are in bad condition

and need to be replaced;

The concrete walls of the reservoir are still usable;

* No shutter or a gate exists at the inlet section of the pressure pipeline; and

* Few 3 meter-high piles of earth excavated during the clean-up operations of the supply

channel are found at the reservoir area. To ensure the proper operation of the reservoir

these piles need to be removed and the area adjacent to the basin to be leveled off.


1 ) Rehabilitation of the power house and cleaning and improving the powerhouse yard;

2) Creation of a crib cofferdam;

3) Restoration of the spillway;

4) Rehabilitation of the penstock fore bay (from the dividing unit to the pressure pipe);

5) Cleaning the river bed in the upper and lower pools of the dam;

6) Rehabilitation of the supply channel;

7) Rehabilitation of the idle spillway;

8) Dismantlement and removal of equipment from the on-site ice making factory;

9) Installation of a Francis type turbine;

10) Installation of a 300 kW generator;

11) Restoration of the switch yard; and

12) Electrical wiring.

Civil works associated with the rehabilitation of the Khani-2 hydropower plant infrastructure

include the following activities:

* De-watering the intake pool using gabions or soil embankments. This action will allow

drying of the section of the weir for the rehabilitation works;

* Removing debris from the de-watered section;

* Removing and repairing the intake and emergency spillway gates;

* On-site concrete mixing and forming; and

Collecting and disposing all debris, construction waste, scrap and remaining construction

materials in designated disposal sites according.

5

The rehabilitation works also will be conducted at the water intake, which presents a concretepool with a water flow regulating gate. This rehabilitation activity includes:

Removing debris from the water intake pool;

* Constructing wooden forms for the concrete and add steel bars as required in the design;Removing the intake pool gate and repair it;

Removing wooden forms after concrete has dried and set;Performing concrete testing;

* Reinstalling the repaired water flow regulating gate;

* Conducting testing of the water intake pool for leaks by filling with water and closing thegate;

* In case of minor leaks, filling in the gaps with concrete; and* Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials in a designated disposal

site.

The above-listed works shall be started and completed within the same timeframe, as thediversion weir works. This will assure that, in the event of flooding during the repair of thediversion weir, the rehabilitated system will be able to absorb some of the flood flow.The Khani-2 canal requires modest repair and cleaning. The following activities are planned atthe canal and the aqueduct:

* Removing debris and sedimentation from the canal and aqueduct;

* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and add steel bars as required by the design;Removing wooden forms and wait until concrete is dry and set;

Testing concrete using special test equipment;

Reinforcing the support slabs at the aqueduct according the instructions in technicaldesign;

Conducting testing of the canal and aqueduct, checking for leaks by filling it with waterand closing all gates;

In case of minor leaks, filing in the gaps with concrete; andDisposing of all debris, scrap, and left over construction materials in designated disposalsites and in an approved manner.

The Khani-2 SHHP uses a forebay, which is an extension of the canal. The forebay serves asthe intake for the penstock. The forebay tank requires the same rehabilitation works as the waterintake pool as these two are similar in structure. The forebay rehabilitation includes the followingactivities:

Removing debris and sedimentation from the canal and aqueduct;Constructing wooden forms for concrete and add steel bars as required by the design;Removing trash rack and the gate from the forebay tank and send for repairs;Removing wooden forms and waiting until concrete is dry and set;Testing concrete using special test equipment;

Reinstalling the repaired trash rack, water flow and flushing gates;Conduct testing of the forebay tank for leaks by filling it with water and closing all gates;

6

* In case of minor leaks, filling in he gaps with concrete; and

Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials at a designated disposalsite and in an approved manner.

When all rehabilitation works are completed, the entire hydro system will be re-watered and

monitored for a period of time to identify and repair leaks.

The powerhouse at the site requires substantial inside and outside repair works (see pictures of

the powerhouse below). The planned renovation involves the following activities:

Replacing damaged sections of the roof;

. Repairing building walls (both inside and outside) and applying two coats of water-

repellent painting;

. Replacing entrance doors and windows of the building; reinstalling them after wall

painting work is completed;

Removing debris and metal scrap from the powerhouse floor and repair floor as needed;

Repairing the water drainage system in the building;

* Cleaning the powerhouse yard from litter, waste, and scrap materials; and

* Disposing all debris, scrap and left over construction materials at a designated disposal

site and in an approved manner.

v~..

Installation of electrical equipment: the Khani-2 project envisions the installation of a new turbine

and a generator along with power distribution and control panels. The following works

associated with the installation of power and electrical equipments are planned:

Removing and dismantling the turbine and the generator;

Repairing casing, the runner, shaft, bearings, flywheel, governor, and draft tube and base

plate;

* Installing new wiring;

* Installing new control and automation systems;

All old and non-functioning equipment should be removed and replaced with modern,more efficient equipment. The automation system should be rehabilitated which would

result in improved, more efficient operation of SHP;

Replacing transformers, feeders, bus bars, transmission poles, and power lines; and

Securing the territory of the powerhouse with proper fencing and safety signs indicating

types of potential hazards;

7

* Equipping the canal and the forebay tank with safety handrails or netting fences; and

* Posting high voltage signs to indicate a threat of electrocution in the powerhouse and onthe powerhouse and switch yards.

Table 1. Electrical equipment to be installed at the Khani-2 SHP project:

Mobile .it* . Stationary Equipment

Two 3x185+1x70 power cables - connect existing The ballast block will be installed outdoor andoutdoor 10/0,4/0.23 kV substation with 400 KVA properly covered.transformer to the indoor power distribution box.Grounding mat in SHP area consists - verticaliron poles connected with iron stripeExterior lighting in SHP area

Descriptions of the site physical and socio-economic environments are provided in Appendix B


The Rural Energy Environmental team visits the site in December 2006. The purpose of the visitwas to assess the current environmental conditions at the site and complete the screeninganalysis of potential environmental impacts. The following sections contains an analysis of thesignificance of the various potential environmental impacts associated with the project, and,where applicable, describe the mitigation measures (including monitoring) which are needed toimplement to address the identified impacts.

The results of the screening exercise at the Khani-2 project site are presented in Annex A.Issues which were determined to be insignificant or irrelevant following the screening analysis (incompliance with the significance criteria outlined in the PEA) are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Potential environmental impacts excluded from further analysis

Construction Phase

Issues Reasons for ExclusionDisruption to wildlife or sensitive ecological habitats Rehabilitation of the existing scheme and no

significant habitats in the vicinityDisruption of the hydrological regime Existing hydrological patterns will be maintainedDisruption of local movement and access to roads Most works will be away from village roads and

Irelatively of small-scale

Operational PhaseDisturbance or threat to important ecological Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure and nohabitats, including protected ecosystems (e.g. significant habitats in the vicinitynational parks)

Salt water intrusion Not applicable

Impediment to movement of livestock and humans Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, peoplewill likely improve access to land

Threat to historic, cultural and aesthetic sites and Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, and nofeatures land acquisitionDisruption of fisheries No significant fisheries present

8


Based on the conducted environmental review including environmental screening of the Khani-2

project site, significant environmental impacts related to the assessed environmental aspects are

identified and presented below.

It is necessary to note that the identified impacts have moderate to low probabiity for occurance.Thus such impacts are mitigated and prevented through following best management,construction and operational practices. The Mitigation Plan for the Khani-2 SHHP outlines major

mitigation activities associated with each impact.

Below there is list environemntal impacts that were identified as moderate or significant for each

environemtal aspect proposed in the PEA. The impact list is acoompanied with a set of

measures recommended to mitigate the impacts

1) Geology and Soil:

(a) Construction:

- Moderate to low impact on soil and geology as the project presentsrehabilitaiton of the existing facility and does not envisions newconstruction activities. The canal and river banks are not located onslide prone geological structures. Since the commissioning of thehydropower facility back in 1952 there were no land slides observed onsites occupied by the hydropower infrastructure (headrace, dam, intakepool, canal, penstock, powerhouse, tailrace, etc.).

A4 Moderate to low impact from disturbance of topsoil and aggravation oferosion during the construction phase.



(c) Operation:

Moderate to low impact of soil contamination during the opeartion activiites.This impact is realted to improper handling of chemicals, lubricants andtransformer oils during the operation.

(d) Mitigation mesures:

;4 Regular checking for oil leaks in the machinery;

.4 No mashinery washing at the site; and

4 Subcontracting professional services for regular oil change intransformers.

2) Water Resources.

(a) Construction:

4 Increase Turbidity Downstream of the Headworks Construction.Construction activities require excavation, removal and movement ofsoil, gravel and rocks from the riverbed (in order to repair the dam andcreate embankments), and i concrete mixing (i.e., large constructedarea). These activities will potentially generate high levels of suspendedsolids that will increase turbidity downstream of the weir.

9

4. Increased Erosion of the Khanistskali River Stream. Constructionactivities at the headwors involve excavation, removal and movement ofsoil, gravel or rocks from the riverbed (e.g., to fix old and create newembankments) and impoundments. Small amount of concrete neededfor construction also is planned to mix the site. These activities mightpotentially increase erosion of the river stream (in case the excavatedsoil is piled inappropriately). This in turn may increase sedimentation ofthe waterway and generate changes to the floodplains.

A Increased flooding and changed flooding patternes during the headworkconstruction activities. Flooding during the construction activities mightdamage or destroy the formwork where concrete will be poured, gabionsand soil embankments.

(b) Mitigation Measures:4 Avoid blocking stream flow during construction to eliminate the potential

for flooding upstream to the weir and to increase the level of suspendedsolids coming from the floodplain;

4. Avoid stockpiling soils on the river banks and the floodplains to minimizesoil moving through run-off;

; Use concrete blocks instead of soil (where feasible) for temporarystream diversion to reduce soil movement and stream sedimentation;

4 Restore landscaping and replant vegetation at the river bank and withinthe riparian ecosystem to its original form; and

A Employ proper drainage techniques to prevent surface submersion.

(c) Operation:Reduced Conservational Value of the Khanistskali River. Water is diverted tothe Khani-2 SHP during the operation. This might significantly reduce the flowcoming into the irrigation channel (the exit point at the tailrace). This reductionmight cause changes in the availability of water resources for irrigation as wellas adverse impacts fish populations in this the section of the river adjacent tothe SHP, especially during dry seasons. Since the project envisions restoringthe power plant to its planned capacity of 300 kW, more water than presentlywill be diverted into the SHP to generate electricity. This could potentiallyaggravate the above-identified impacts.

(d) Mitigation measures:L4 Maintain a minimal sustainable river flow (minimum ecological flow) to

sustain the river hydrology, water quality, existing fish population andwildlife (according to seasonal fluctuations in flow levels).

4. Maintain a minimum wet channel perimeter at all control structures witha constant flow in the river throughout the year.

10

3) Bioloaical Resources:

(a) Construction:

Impact on Fish Spawning. If the construction activities are scheduled for thebeginning of the fall season (September-October), these works can disruptfish spawning in the area thus creating a negative effect on the fish population.Proper scheduling of the construction works is the critical factor influencing theintensity of this impact.



4. Maintain minimum wet channel perimeters at all control structures with aconstant flow in the river throughout the year.

(c) Operation:

Loss of Fish. The planned hydro-electrical system diverts a portion of theKhanistskali river flow to the canal, and then to the penstock and the turbine.Juvenile fish that passes through the turbine (entrainment) may be caughtkilled in the turbine. Both juvenile and potentially some adult fish might beaffected by impingement against water intake structures and fish screens. TheSalmo fario species listed in the Red Book of Georgia and is present in theKhanistskali River. Therefore, the operation phase of the Khani-2 SHP projectis anticipated to result in moderate and potentially significant impacts onjuvenile fish.


Install fish screens at the intake to the canal where water is diverted from theriver's natural course. The mesh in such screens is about 3 mm x 3 mm. It willprevent all larger fish and most small fish from entering the canal and thepenstock. The screens require periodic cleaning from dirt and debris by theoperator.

4) Human Resources:

(a) Construction:4a Impact on the Nergeeti Community from Construction Activities

(including the presence of temporary workers on the site). Localpopulation can be disrupted during the construction phase from theincreased transport traffic and the presence of temporary employeesworking at the site.

4. Increased probability of work related injuries to workers and localpopulation during the construction activities.

a Exposure to construction materials that can endanger public health.During the construction such materials as asbestos can be used, whichmight present threat to public health.


A. Establish and adhere to construction timetables to minimize disruption tonormal activities at or in the vicinity of the construction area;

4 Coordinate truck trafficking and other construction activities to minimizenoise, traffic disruption and dust.

11

(c) Operation:Increased probability of work related injuries and death for the plant personneland the general public in case operation safety measures are notimplemented.

(d) Mitigation measures:Follow state safety regulations and guidelines, and implement bestmanagement practices. The Rural Energy Team has also prepared a list ofsafety equipment for mandatory installation at the SHP. The list is presentedin Table 6.

12



Hard HatsEye Protection - GogglesSafety ShoesWork GlovesEye Wash StationFirst Aid Kit (for 50 people)Oil Absorbing Pads 1 5X1 9in minimum weight 100 per case ABS 24,7 galoons

quantity boxesOrange VestsHarness for Personnel (inspections/dam work)

13

3. MITIGATION PLAN

ACIIYSIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUALACTIVITY POTENTIAL IMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACTOCCURRENCE

Repair of the Rural Energyintake pool and Vrf plcblt f Porm uasdam at the head- Injury to contractors Safe working procedures Contractor, Nergeeti Verify sappiablt wofkn PRegogram,Ktasworks workers and other Moderate - Possible to be wrkiten and fllowed Community ritesfe w oi REirona t is Negligible - Unlikelypersons durng works by contractor Organization inspection of works SHE Officers; Rural

Energy Program

Injury to contractors All waste materal to be Rural Energyworkers and others Moderate - Possible stored in a secure, Contractor, Nergeeti Ad hoc inspections Program, Kutaisi Negligible - Unlikelyfrom unsafe storage of designated area prior to Community Environmental Office Nelgbe-Uikywaste removal to a designated Organization / SHE Officers; Ruralwaste landfill site Energy Program

Soil contamination fromspilled chemicals, liquid Best management Nergeeti Community Ad hoc inspecbon ofconcrete, other liquid Moderate - Possible practices are Organization, the construction site Rural Energy Negligible - Unlikelymaterals implemented by Contractor Pconstruction contractors

Water and soil pollution Rural Energy(visual and other) Waste to be disposed of Nergeeti Community Program, Kutaisicaused by improper Moderate - Possible at a designated waste Organization, Ad hoc inspections Regionaldisposal of waste landfill site Contractor Environmental Office; Negligible - Unlikelymaterals Rural Energy

ProgramDisturbance to Rural Energyresidential areas Installation to be Program, Kutaisicaused by noise Moderate -Probable scheduled during normal Nergeeti Community Ad hoc inspections Regional Moderate - Unlikelygenerated durng weekday working hours Organization OfficerRalinstallation only. Contractor Officers; RuralEnergy Program

14

SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBIUITYACTMTY POTENTIAL IMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURESLFORPMITIGATION RESUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING ACT

OCCURRENCEMESRSFRMTGTO REURMNS FRM IOIG

Avoiding blocking streamflow during construction,Using concrete formsrather than soil astemporary stream Rural Energy

Increased downstream Moderate - diversions, Avoiding Adhcisetos Program, Kutaisi Moderate - Possible

turbidity in the river Probable stockpiling soils in river Rural Energy Ad hoc inspections Regionalbanks and the floodplain; Program, Contractor Environmental Office

Retuming topsoil alongthe river bank and rparianecosystem to its originallocation, and restoringland contoursAvoiding blocking streamflows;Use concrete blocksrather than soil astemporary stream Nergeeti Community Rural Energy

Increased Erosion of diversions; Organization, Rural Ad hoc inspections Program, Kutaisi Lw-Ulkl

River Stream Moderate - possible Avoiding stockpiling of Energy Program, to the site Regional Low - Unlikelysoil; Contractor Environmental Office

Using erosion controlmeasures such as balesto prevent run-offs;Minimizing the use ofheavy machinery

Rural EnergyWork schedules durng Ad hoc inspections, Program, Kutaisi Moderate -

Increased flooding Moderate - possible dry seasons; Rural Energy scheduled inspection Regional of the Possible

Progam, ontrctorMinistry of Agriculture

Arrangement of fish by-passes for migrating fish;installation of net fish Rural Energy Rural Energy

Damage to fish stock screen to prevent Program, then Program, Kutaisi Moderate -

including disruption of Moderate - possible entrance to the supply Rural Energy periodic inspections Regional Possible

fish spawning canal and penstock; Program, Contractor by operator Environmental Office

maintain minimalecological flow in thenver.

15

SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBIUTY MONITORING RESPONSIBIUTY RESIDUALACTIVITY POTENTIAL IMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACTOCCURRENCE

Pollution (visual and Waste to be disposed atother) caused by Moderate - a designated waste Rural Energy Kutaisi Regionalimproper disposal of Possible landfill site Program, Contractor Ad hoc inspections Environmental Negligible -Repair of the waste materials Officer, Rural Unlikely

supply canal Energy Programand penstock Kutaisi RegionalInjury to contractors Workers must follow Environmental

workers from Moderate - safety guidelines and if Rural Energy Ad Hoc inspections Office/ SHE Negligible -construction Probable necessary wear Program, Contractor Officers, Rural Unlikelyequipment protective gear Energy Program

Rehabilitation Verify applicabilityand IjrtocnrcosSafe working Cointractors, of written safe PRogram, Kuaiieegigblymodemization Injury to contractors Moderate - procedures to be written Nergeeti working Program, Kutaisi Negligible -of powerhouse workers and other Possible and followed by Community procedures. Ad Regional Unlikelyincluding pesn uigwrscontractor Organization hoc inspection of Eniom tareplacement of works SHE Officersturbine,generator and Workers must wearauxiliary Injury to contractors protective glasses, Rural Energy

eupet wresfoimrprmasks and gloves Contractors Prugral , E oneracy oequpmntiorer ofro imprsope Moderate - Nergeeti Ad Hoc inspections Rayon UNelikibely

or insulating mineral Probable Promote use of glass Community Environmental Unlikelywool free (Rock Wool) Organization SHE Officers

mineral glass

Injury to contractors All waste material to bewresadohr Moeae-stored in a secure, Rayon Ngiilworkers and others MdPossible designated area pror to Contractor Ad hoc inspections Environmental Negligible -froausafestrgof Psil removal to a designated SHE Officers Ulkl

waste landfill sitePollution (visual and Nergeetiother) caused by Moderate - Waste to be disposed of Community Oblast Negligible -improper disposal of Possible at a designated waste Organization, Ad hoc inspections Environmental Unlikelywaste materials landfill site Contractor Officer

16

SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBIUTY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL IMPACTACTIVTY POTENTIAL IMPACT PROBABIUTY OF MEASURES FOR MITGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING REIULMPC

OCCURRENCE

Installation to be Nergeeti Rural Energy

Disturbane to scheduled during normal Organization Ad hoc inspections Program Kutaisi Moderate -

occupiers and nearby weekday working hours OgnztoAdhciseins Environmental" Possibleresidential areas only. Contractor SHE Officers

caused by noise Moderate -generated during Probable Equipment is to beinstallation of electrical installed only within Rural Energy Inspection at Kutaisi Regional NeIgbl

equipment suitable buildings/ Program, Contractor commencement of Environmental / negligle -

powerhouse (not works SHE Officers Unlkely

outside)

Daily checks of Facility Operator Ad hoc inspection Kutaisi Regional Minor - Possiblemachinery for leaking oil Environmental

Oil pollution of soil and Officer

water at during SHP Moderate - Likely

Operation of the operation No washing of Kutaisi RegionalKhani-2 SHP machinery at the site, no Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental

facility oil change at the site OfcrMnr-Psil

Reduce plant load to

Dsutooffs Moeae-maintain minimal Kutaisi RegionalDisuption of fish Moderate - ecological flow in the Operator Periodic inspection Environmental Negligible -

spawning Possible river, during the Office Unlikely

spawning season

Restoration of Damage to eco-the svvitch yard ste ,orhabitt Selection of new line Regular inspection Ols ao

and e a result of Moderate - routes (if any) to avoid Design Consuttant si and oeration environmental Negligible -

lines installation of new Posbesensitive habitats an otatr stsadoeain Officer Ulkl

Separation of topsoil Regular inspectionand subsoil during pole of trenching work

Los oftopoilleaing Moderate - installation, repair or adohroeain KtiiRgoatossncratopsoil Probable replacement and Contractor zones Environmental Minor - Possibleerosion replacement of topsoil Officer

after the poles areinstalled

17

SIGNIFICANCE &

ACTIVITY POTENTIAL IMPACT OCCURRENCE MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY QUIREMENTS RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL IMPACT

Daily checks of Contractor Ad hoc inspection Kutaisi Regional Minor - Possiblemachinery for leaking oil Environmental

Oil pollution of soil and Officerwater at construction Moderate - Likelysite No wsigof Kutaisi RegionalstNowashing ofEnvironmental

machinery at Contractor Ad hoc inspection Officer Minor- Likelyconstruction site

Noise pollution in Moderate - Works performed strictly Kutaisi Regionaltowns Definite during normal weekday Contractor Ad hoc inspection Environmental / Major - Unlikelyworking hours SHE OfficerVisual impact (lines Route alignment to Regionalare installed above Major - Definite minimize areas of above Design consultant Ad hoc inspection Environmental Negligible -ground) ground piping Officer Unikely

Landscaping andReduced amenity Moderate - replanting of Regular inspectioniblevauso h ra Possible construction area after Contractor of completed Environmental elgilvalues of the area competion of piping sections of the Officer Unlikely

completion_______ __of___piping__ wokspipeline

Connection of Only fully trainedelectrical lines Daaet osnn esne ocryot UiiyCmay Regular inspections Inspector fromtocHom es or explosion due to Major - Possible installations according to Contraoruator Major - Unlikely

apartments electric shocks industry best practice Capartments q_ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ uidance and standards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

18

SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBIUTY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL

ACTIVITY POTENTIAL IMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Major - Possible Utility Company / Regular inspections Inspector fromContractor of installations regulatory authority

records

Safety information to be Utility Company / Inspector from Major - Unlikely

given to householders Contractor Regular inspections regulatory authority

Trained professional toinspect, dean, and Utility Company / Follow up Inspector from

adjust appliances every Contractor inspections regulatory authorityyear

19

4. MONITORING PLAN

The Monitoring Plan presents a number of criteria against which monitoring indicators are set.Monitoring Categories


Regulatory Compliance:The facility complies with the The facility, or proposed oThe project owners have obtained allrequirements of national facility, has all the necessary required construction and operationenvironment, health and safety permissions and permits permits and licenses including anlaws and regulations. required under Georgian environmental permit.

national laws and regulations. * The Rural Enegy Program incooperation with the project ownerprepared the ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment anddeveloped an environmentalmanagement plan per requirement ofthe project sponsors (USAID, EBRD).

Water Flow:The facility maintains a * Maintain minimum wetted *The project owner has obtained aminimum ecological flow in the channel perimeters, at all water use permitriver that is adequate for the control structures, with a * Periodic measuring of the water flowexisting fish population, wildlife constant flow in the river rate to assure that the minimaland water quality taking into throughout the year. ecological flow is maintained.account seasonal fluctuations * Facility operation schedulesin flow levels. to be based on the minimum

ecological flow required tosustain the existingenvironment.

Water Quality:The facilities operations do not The facility has minimal impact Best management practices oncontribute to the deterioration on water quality at the head- hydropower construction are followed.of water quality either works, canal, tailrace and The facility will not contributed to theupstream or downstream of diversion dam. deterioration of water quality after thethe facility. completion of the construction

activities.

Fish Passage andProtection:The facility had minimal impact * There should be minimal *Information has been gathered onon local fish populations, loss of fish or fish habitat. both the local and migratory fishprovides effective fish passage * Facility preserves fish populations;for local and migrating fish population. *The project design includes fishspecies and also protects fish * Facility construction and screens;from entrainment. operation do not limit fish *The project design includes adequate

movement, migration and mitigation measures to ensure thatspawning. fish protection criteria are met.

* Flows at the intake anddownstream of the tailraceare adequate to supportaquatic and riparian speciesin the facility area.

20


Watershed Protection:The facility does not negatively * The facility does not affect the * An assessment of impacts

impact environmental integrity of the existing associated with additional

conditions in the watershed. ecosystem either upstream or components has been made.downstream of the facility. * An assessment of upstream and

* Facilities components and downstream impacts has beeninfrastructure (e.g. access made.roads, power lines, and * Adequate mitigation measures havegeneration facilities) have been provided to ensure theminimal impact on the riparian eligibility criteria are met.environment.

Threatened & EndangeredSpecies Protection:The facility does not negatively * The facility is not constructed * Sensitive or protected areas on or

impact any threatened or on a protected or sensitive around the river have been

endangered species nor any river. identified.areas designated for their * The facility does not threaten * Endangered or threatened species

protection. or harm the habitat or present in the area of, ormigratory routes of downstream from, the facility haveendangered species. been identified.

* The facility has no significant * The Rural Energy Environmentalimpact on the existing wildlife team has assessed the potentialhabitat and populations. impact of the facility on any such

areas or species.*The project design provides for


Recreation:The facility does not stop or Access to the water remains Identification of any current

limit recreational uses of the unchanged with the facility recreational uses of the river around

river. and accommodates the site and confirmation that theserecreational activities on the uses will not be affected by the

- river. development of the facility.

Cultural Issues: Cultural property includes No cultural sites or property in the

The facility does not sites having archaeological vicinity of the facility has been

inappropriately impact (prehistoric), paleonthological, identified.cultural property historical, religious and unique

natural values. Culturalproperty includes remains leftby previous human inhabitantsand unique natural featuressuch as canyons andwaterfalls.

Community Issues:The facility does not reduce The facility does not prevent * Local community uses of the river

local community use of or limit the local community have been identified.either the river or the from access to the river as a * The locally affected community has

surrounding lands. communal leisure amenity, been notified and consulted prior toand the irrigation facility the development of the facility.

* Adequate mitigation measureshave been agreed to ensure thateligibility criteria are met.

21

ANNEX A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF THE KHANI-2 PROJECT SITEEnvironmental Screening Analysis - Small Hydropower Plants


Project Name Khani2 SHPType of project RehabilitationLocation (district / region) Region-Imereti, District- Bagdadi, Village-NergetiOwnership Private ("Ubani 2004")Surrounding Present Land Use [ X ] Agriculture [ X ] Residential [ ] Tourism

[ Industrial [] Forest Land [ ] InstitutionalCommercial [ ] Open Spaces

[ ] Others, pls. SpecifyInstalled Capacity (kW) 300Project Cost (USD) $70,000



Construction / rehabilitation of structures and buildings? Y NConstruction / rehabilitation of access roads? N NConstruction / rehabilitation of transmission lines? N NTemporary sites used for construction works or housing of Y Nconstruction workers?Significant risk associated with waste transport? N NInadequate waste disposal facilities? Y NInclude grading, trenching, or excavation > 1.0 hectares N NConducted near geologic hazards (faults, landslides, N Nliquefaction, un-engineered fill, etc)?Require offsite overburden / waste disposal or borrow pits N N>1.0 ton?Cause loss of high quality farmlands > 10 hectares N NRequire the use of dangerous / hazardous substances (e.g. Y Yoil, lubricants, chemicals; pis. Specify)?Require an oil / lubricants collection and disposal system? Y YIncrease vehicle trips > 20% or cause substantial Y Ncongestion?Cause or contribute to safety hazards? Y YInadequate access or emergency access for anticipated N Nvolume of people or traffic?Produce solid wastes during construction or operation or Y Ndecommissioning?Involve actions that will cause physical changes in the locality Y(topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc)?

22



Earthquakes, subsidence, landslides or erosion? N N

Movement of soil? Y N

Rates of erosion or siltation b wind or water?N NManagement of excess soil or spoil material (from mining)? N N

Physical degradation of the local environment? N N

4) Water Resources


Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of Y N

pollutants onto the ground or into sewers, surface waters,groundwater, coastal waters or the sea?Run-off as a result of the hardening of surfaces, or loss of the N N

sponge effect of vegetation?Flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions? Y Y

Ability to absorb run-off? N N

Changes to flood plains? N N

Quantity of surface water, groundwater or public water N Y

supplies?Threats to hydrological functioning through existing or altered N N

water extraction?Withdrawals from or discharges to surface or ground water? N N

Threats through existing or altered impoundment N N

construction?Conservational or recreational value of rivers, streams, lakes, N N

wetlands, dams or islands?Threats through existing or altered pollution? N N

Threats through existing or altered turbidity? Y Y

Threats through existing or altered agricultural run-off? N N

Threats through existing or altered chemical processes or N N

nutrient balances?Threats through existing or altered changes in sediment flows N N

and siltation rates?Changes through existing or altered canalization? N N

River, stream or lake onsite or within 30 meters of Y Y

construction?Excavation or place of fill, removing gravel from a river, Y Y

stream or lake?Onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk N N

quantities?Decreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N N

resulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Y

downstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?

23

5) Biological Resources


Important, high quality or scarce resources that could be N Yaffected by the project?Located in a Protected Area or Wildlife Corridor? N NInundate or remove wetland habitats? N NSurvival of rare or endangered plant species? N NDiversity of plant communities? N NVegetation communities of conservation or scientific N Nimportance?Natural replenishment of existing species? N YFirewood collection?N NOverexploitation of biological resources? N NSurvival of rare or endangered animals? N NDiversity of animal communities? N NNatural migration of species? N NIntroduction of alien species? N NLoss of native species or genetic diversity? N NVegetation removal or construction in wetlands or riparian N Nareas > 1.0 hectare?Use of pesticides / rodenticides, insecticides, or herbicides > N N1.0 hectare?Construction in or adjacent to a designated wildlife refuge? N NDecreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?Re-entry pipe cause increased scouring of stream bank N Nwhere water is returned to the stream?Flora and / or fauna of ecological or commercial significance N Nto be found?

24



Existing settlements in the vicinity of the proposed project? Y Y

Existing land uses on or around the project that could be N N

affected by the project?Areas on or around the location of the project that are N N

already subject to pollution or environmental damage?Permanent or temporary change in land use, land cover or N N

topography including increases in intensity of land use?Social infrastructures located in or near the project area N N

(e.g., schools, health canters / clinics, places of worship,others?Social acceptability of the project (community, government, N N

non-governmental organizations)?Visual and odor effects of waste sites? N N

Risk to the community and the local environment should the N Y

facility break down?Potential conflict with adjacent land uses? N N

Non-compliance with existing codes, plans, permits or N N

design factors?Construction in national park or designated recreational N N

area?Relocation of >10 individuals for +6 months? N N

Interrupt necessary utility or municipal service > 10 N N

individuals for + 6 months?Loss or inefficient use of mineral or non-renewable N N

resources?Noise levels > 5 decibels for + 3 months? N N

Adverse visual impact when compared to the surrounding N N

natural landscape?Affect future land uses on or around the location? N N

Are there any areas on or around the location that are N N

densely populated or built-up, which could be affected bythe project?Highly visible to many people? N N

Lead to pressure for consequential project that could have N Y

significant impact on the environment (eg more housing,new roads, new supporting industries or utilities, etc)?Cumulative effects due to proximity to other existing or N N

planned projects with similar effects?Social changes, for example, in demography, traditional Y Y

lifestyles, and employment?

7) Cultural Issues

Is there and impact because I to Construction Operation andMaintenance

Prehistoric, historic, or paleontological resources within 30 N N

meters of construction?Unique cultural or ethnic values at the site? N N

25

8) Public Health issuesWill the project affect... Construction Operation and

MaintenanceHuman or community health or welfare? Y YThe quality or toxicity of air, water, foodstuffs and other N Nproducts consumed by humans?Morbidity or mortality of individuals, communities or Y Ypopulations by exposure to pollution?Occurrence or distribution of disease vectors including N Ninsects?Vulnerability of individuals, communities or populations to N Ndisease?Individuals' sense of personal security? Y NCommunity cohesion and identity? N NCultural identity and associations? N NMinority rights? N NHousing conditions? N NEmployment and quality of employment? Y YEconomic conditions? Y YSocial institutions? Y YCause accidents that could affect human health or the Y Yenvironment?- From explosions, spillages, fires etc? Y Y- From storage, handling, use or production of hazardous Y Y


9) Air Quality






construction materials, sewage and waste?- Emissions from burning of waste in open air (eg slash N N


26


Is there and impact because i to Construction Operation andMaintenance


plant, crushers)?- From construction or demolition? Y N

- From blasting or piling? N N- From construction or operational traffic? Y N

- From sources of electromagnetic radiation? N N

27



The Khani-2 project and the Nergeeti village are located in the Western part pf Georgia, whichbelongs to the Black Sea Basin of Western Georgia, and located with the Rioni River Basin. TheBlack Sea Basin, comprising a large number of rivers and lakes, is located in the western part ofthe country and strongly influences the climatic environment of West Georgia. The Rioni RiverBasin constitutes almost 20% of Georgia's land area. The Rioni River is the largest tributary ofthe Black Sea in Georgia and is considered to be the largest single source of pollution along theGeorgian Black Sea coast, reaching the Black Sea at Poti (UNECE).

Geologv

Village Nergeti lies in western Georgia, in the riv. Khanistskali basin (left tributary of the riverRioni). The approximate elevation is 220 meters. The Bagdati district is surrounded with theVani district in the West, the Terjola and Zestaphoni districts from the Northeast, the Kharagaulidistrict from the East, Akhaltsikhe and Adigeni districts from the South.

The mountainous area of the region is constructed by clay shale from the Cretaceous period.The main orographic segments of the region are Nageba (2607 m), Didmagali (2588 m),Tskhaltsitea (2496 m). Lowest part of the region is represented by Imereti valley (Atlas ofGeorgia, 1964).

Geo Hazards

In terms of seism the territory is considered to be active seismic zone. Seismicity of the region israted an 'seven' 7using the MKS scale (Map of seismic hazard assessment of Georgia, 2006).Soils

Soils are very diverse in the region. On the plains alluvial soils and subtropical podzols arewidespread. On the subalpine and alpine part of the region meadow soddy peat soils are found(Map of Soil Types of Georgia, 1999).

Climate

The climate is mild subtropical with moderately cold winters and warm long summers. Theannual average temperature is 140 Celsius. The absolute maximum air temperature is 420 whilethe absolute minimum is - 180. The total annual precipitation averages 1500 millimeters with anaverage wind speed is 13 meters per second. The maximum snowfall is 118 millimeters.Hydrology

The main artery of water is the Khanistskhali River with the source on the north slope of Atchara-Imereti Ridge at 2280 meters which flows into the Vartsikhe Reservoir. The average height ofthe river reservoir is 1240 meters. The Khanistkali River has a tendency to expand beyond itsbanks and to flood the surrounding areas.

Table 3: The Average Annual Water Discharge Rate in the River Khanistskali, m3/sec

Parameters I 11 iII IV v VI VII Vil Ix x Xi Xii AverageNatural flow 8.9 12.4 19.9 35.1 31.3 18.7 10.6 7.86 7.15 11.2 11.5 11.5 15.4(m3/sec)

Maximum 18.3 28.2 44.1 80.2 56.0 32.9 20.8 24.4 18.4 38.8 27.5 21.5 38.8monthly average ____I_

Minimum 2.05 3.45 7.63 11.4 13.1 5.97 4.32 3.20 2.93 3.21 2.36 1.80 8.84monthly average

28

Vegetation

Sixty percent of the area is forested, rest area of the region is covered by cultural landscapes

and agricultural landscape formed by gardens, orchards, vineyards, plots of maize. The village

neighbors Bagdati section of the Bagdati forestry (Community Development Strategic Plan 2004-

2009; Nergety Community). Native landscape is covered with Colchic-type of forest. Dominating

trees are spruce (Picea orientalis), fir (Abies nordmaniana), pine (Pinus kochiana), beach (Fagus

orientalis), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), chestnut (Castanea sativa), lime-tree (Tilia caucasica),

elm (Ulmus glabra, Ulmus elliptica), oak (Quercus imeretina), mapple (Acer laetum), rare - yew

(Taxus baccata).

Subforest is represented by Pontic Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), holy (Ilex

aquifolium), Laurel Cherry (Laurocerasus officinalis), oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis),

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Cornel cherry (Cornus mas), Medlar (Mespilus germanica),Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), Blackberry (Rubus spp.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus) (Encyclopediaof Georgia, 1984).

Populations of the following herb species have been recorded in the vicinity of the village:

cyclamen (Cyclamen vernum, Cyclamen colchicum, Cyclamen ponticum), twayblade (Listera

ovata), red helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra), ghost orchid (Epipogium aphyllum) (Epipogiumepipogium), Autumn lady's tresses (Spiranthes spiralis), and orchid (Orchis palustris). These

species are listed under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Mammals

The following species were reported in the vicinity of the Nergeeti village: wolfs (Canis lupus),

jackals (Canis aureus), roe deers (Capreolus capreolus), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), wild

boars (Sus scrofa), fox (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes martes, M. foina), badger (Meles

meles) and hares (Lepus europaeus).

The following species, which are listed in the Red Book of Georgia, are found in the vinicintiy of

the Nergeti village: bears (Ursus arctos, Red Book of Georgia National category-Endangered),lynx (Lynx lynx, Red Book of Georgia National, category-Critically endangered),

Avian fauna

The following bird species are found in the vicinity of the village: quail (Coturnix cotumix),woodcock (Gal/inago gallinago), black grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiszi), duck (Anasplathyrhynchos), corncrake (Crex crex), swan (Cygnus olor), wild pigeon (Columba palumbus),

blackbird (Turdus merula), miscle thrush (Turdus viscivorus), chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs),woodpecker (Dendrocopos spp.), (Jordania R., Boeme B., Kuznetsov A., 1999).

Reptiles

Limited information on reptiles is available for this area. In the vicinities of the river Khanistskali

following species have been reported: ring snake (Natrix natrix), slow worm (Anguis fragilis),

European glass lizard (Ophisaurus apodus) (Georgian Encyclopedia, 1984).

FishFollowing fish species were reported in the Khanistskli river: barbell (Barbus capito), mudfish(Cobitis taenia satunini), trout (Salmo fario) Red Book of Georgia, National Statute Vulnerable),are found in the Khanistskali River (Elanidze, R. 1988). Spawning periods for major fish species

found in the river are noted in Table below.

29

Table 4: Khanistskali River Fish Spawning Periods

Fish Spawning PeriodBarbell May-JuneMudfish May-JuneTrout September-October

2. Socio-Economic EnvironmentPoDulation and settlements: the Nergeeti community is located adjacent to the town of Bagdatiand 26 km from the Imereti regional center, Kutaisi. The Sakrebulo (administrative unit) includesfive villages: Nergeeti, Zeda Dimi, Tskaltashua, Tsablarakhevi and Alismereti. The Nergeeticommunity consists of 160 households (472 permanent residents). The community is 100%Georgian orthodox.

A substantial seasonal migration is observed during the summer season. From May toSeptember the population grows by 200 to 350 persons who spend their vacations in the region(the Community Development Strategic Plan 2004-2009; Nergeeti Community).Land Tenure: The majority of the local population relies on the land for as the main source ofincome, Land is primarily used for crop cultivation and grazing of livestock. 100% of thepopulation is engaged in vegetable cultivation. Many households own one or two cows and asmall number of sheep, pigs and poultry for subsistence purposes (wool, milk and meat).During the winter season, municipal and state land is also used by migratory sheep-herders forgrazing their animals.

The land privatization process began in late 1996 and had progressed rapidly. 95% of thecommunity residents have direct ownership or use of land.The community's main arable land is located in the Vartsikhe area, 15 km north of the village.The communal pastures are located near a forest area south of the village.The community residents posses 418 hectares of agriculture lands, including 172 ha of arablelands, 9 hectares of orchards, 107 hectares of pastures, and 130 hectares of vineyards (theCommunity Development Strategic Plan 2004-2009; Nergeeti Community).Income and Emplovment: The primary employment of the Nergeeti residents is small-scalefarming. Forty five (45) persons are employed in non-agricultural businesses. Of these,seventeen people are employed in state budgetary organizations; and the remaining twenty-eightindividuals are permanently employed in trade, manufacturing and service enterprises. Anaverage monthly cash income equals 100 GEL per household. Thus, household incomes in thecommunity are generated by the following sources:

. State sector employment, e.g. teachers, doctors, and government posts;* Individual farming;

. Social aid - provided by the State;

. Social transfers - state pensions, benefits, etc.

• Hunting, fishing and gathering; and

. Trade - including local shops and businesses (70% of communities have at least one shopor a market). .

Besides agricultural activities, some fraction of the local male population (between 40-50 men)is employed in seasonal logging in Bagdati private logging enterprises from late May throughDecember (Community Development Strategic Plan 2004-2009; Nergeeti Community).

30

Attitude towards rehabilitation of the hydroDower Plant

The local population supports the rehabilitation of the Khani-2 small hydro power plants as it

brings electricity supply to three out five villages in the community. Employment is by far the

most important perceived benefit related to potentially enhanced engagement of local

population in agricultural processing industries. Local people should be offered first refusal for

jobs for which they were qualified.

Social Infrastructure includes three secondary schools, an ambulatory clinic, the Bagdati

agricultural market and a museum.

Only 30% of the community has access to a communal piped water supply system. Since water

quality in the local piped water network is poor, this water is not portable and used only for non-

drinking domestic needs (e.g. washing, laundering and watering of vegetable plots). The

majority of the population uses wells and springs for drinking water supply needs.

There are almost no active refuse or sewerage systems in the larger Bagdati community. Many

services, such as fire departments and banks are virtually non-existent within the community (the

closest bank is located in Kutaisi), while other services such as police and public health services

have insufficient public funding.

Access to reliable sources of energy is a major concern for the community. The Bagdati lager

community (all five villages) receives infrequent electricity supply totaling to three hours a day

during the nighttime hours. The community also has no gas supply due to the absence of gas

supply networks within the local area.

31

u~aI WI WINROCKAIF f N T E R N A t I O N A L4 FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Putting Ideas to Work


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN SMALL HYDRO POWERREHABILITATION PROJECTS

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ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLANSMALL HYDRO POWERREHABILITATION PROJECTS



Tel: +995 32 50 63 43Fax: +995 32 93 53 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introduction ............................................................................... 12. Site Specific Environmental Management Plans ................................. 3

2.1 Okami Small Hydropower Project ........................................ 32.1.1 Project Activities Overview ............................................. 32.1.2 Environmental Review ................................................ 72.1.3 Environmental Determination ........................................... 83. Mitigation Plan ............................................................................. 124. Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 19Annex A. Environmental Screening of the Okami Project Site ......................... 23Annex B. Physical and Socio-Economic Environment .............................. 29

1. INTRODUCTION

The USAID-sponsored Rural Energy Program (formerly known as the Renewable Energy and

Environment Development Program, or REED) in Georgia aims at developing in-country capacity to

increase the utilization of small hydropower resources and realization of energy efficiency potential

in Georgia's rural communities. The Rural Energy Program also includes identification and

implementation of a number of small hydropower and natural gas extension projects throughout

Georgia's regions.

The primary objectives of the USAID sponsored Rural Energy Program (RED) include 1) increased

supply of energy to rural areas (both grid connected and off-grid); 2) improve management of local

energy production; 3) improved in-country capacity to develop and deploy renewable energy

applications in rural communities; and 4) improved capacity to more efficiently utilize and protect the

local energy resource base.

The RED Program envisions the implementation of a number of pilot projects in such areas as

small, mini and micro hydro power installations, extensions of natural gas distribution networks,

renewable energy systems (other than small, mini and micro hydro facilities), and natural resource

management programs.

RED Program activities as funded by a federal government agency, USAID, are subject to

applicable U.S. environmental laws, and regulations including USAID's environmental impact

assessment procedures. These procedures intend to implement the requirements of the National

Environmental Policy Act of 1970. Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 216 (so called

22 CFR 216), applies to all USAID programs, projects, activities and substantive amendments.

To comply with 22 CFR 216, the PA Environmental Team completed the ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment (PEA) for the projects funded by the USAID RED Program in March

2006. USAID has approved the PEA for further implementation. The PEA scope contained (a) a

definition of environmental screening criteria for a set of projects similar in their size, range and

magnitude of impacts, and (b) characterization of common mitigation measures for each project type

to alleviate the recognized impacts. Projects that did not share common attributes (such as medium

and large hydropower projects or projects located in national parks, or raised substantial issues

regarding wetlands or sensitive habitats that would require a separate Environmental Assessment)

were not addressed in the PEA.

The PEA evaluated four types of projects considered for investment under the RED Program.

These included the following project categories:

* Small-scale hydropower plants;* Community Natural Gas (NG) distribution systems;* Renewable energy/ energy efficiency projects; and* Natural resource management projects.

The work completed by the PA Environmental Scoping Team set the stage for the PEA. Issues

identified during preparation of the Rural Energy Program Scoping Statement (Appendix E) were

examined by the multidisciplinary PEA Team through literature reviews, stakeholder interviews,

multiple field evaluations and environmental screening analyses. Through a process of integrating

issues identified through scoping with information collected in literature reviews, regulatory reviews,

interviews, field and screening evaluations, the PEA Team identified environmental aspects that had

to be addressed in the PEA. The environmental aspects presented in the PEA included the

following subjects:

* Geology and Soils

1

* Water Resources

* Biological Resources

* Socioeconomics (including Public Health)

* Cultural Resources.

The PEA also simplified environmental due diligence for the preparation of environmentalmanagement plans (including mitigation and monitoring plans) for a larger set of activities expectedunder the RED Program. Due to the completion of the Programmatic Environmental Assessment forthe entire RED Program, it was unnecessary to define environmental significance ranking criteria foreach individual environmental management plan. The unified significance criteria elaborated in thePEA were utilized for the environmental impact ranking presented in individual environmentalmanagement plans. An environmental management plan for each project is based on a specificenvironmental review conducted at each project site. The review process was designed to specifyenvironmental impacts characteristic of each project site attributable to either construction oroperational phase of the project implementation. The mitigation options are aligned with the generalmitigation recommendations specified in the PEA.

The Environmental Management Plans (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, andinstitutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverseenvironmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plans alsoinclude actions needed to implement these measures. EMPs identify feasible and cost-effectivemeasures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptablelevels. Specifically, the EMPs include the following:


(b) Descriptions (with technical details) each mitigation measure, including the type of impact towhich it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or in the event ofcontingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures, asappropriate;


(d) Linkages with any other mitigation plans (e.g., for involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples,or cultural property) required for the project.


(a) A specific description, and technical details, of monitoring measures, including the parameters tobe measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits(where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signal the need for corrective actions; and(b) Monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitateparticular mitigation.

It was assumed that a legislative and regulatory framework is identical for all projects and wasalready discussed in the Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the RED Program. Obtainingaccurate natural resource, ecological health and employment related statistics in any part of Georgiais extremely difficult. Also, local hospitals and other institutions do not keep health records and areunwilling to discuss or acknowledge health problems. For these reasons, it was not been possibleto analyze any data related to public health issues including environmental and occupational healthstatistics in the project communities.

2


The following section presents environmental management plans specified for each project to be

implemented in Year 1. The specific project environmental impact categories and mitigation

recommendations were identified during of site visits completed by the Rural Energy Program team

in December 2006. The proposed mitigation measures are in line with common recommendations

outlined in the PEA.

2.1. OKAMI SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECT

2.1.1. Project Activities Overview

The Okami site is constructed on the Tezi-Okami irrigation system. It is located in the village of

Okami in the Kaspi district of the Shida Kartli region in Eastern Georgia.

The facility was built about three years ago but was never operational. The construction started in

2003 but the project was never completed due to lack financing resources. The objective of this

project was to generate electricity to meet demand from the nearby rural communities and small and

medium enterprises. The total installed capacity planned in the original design is 1.6 MW. A private

company Ama Ltd. is the owner of the Okami SHP facility and the prime developer of the project.

Figure 1. Location of the Okami SHP in Eastern Georgia

The layout of the facility is presented in Figure 2:

-e-s-.e.3

Figure 2. Layout of the Okami Small Hydropower Plant

-

r- Ua K..E

a,-i ns L

-\

Penstock Powerhouse

. X W ''".4

The original design of the project includes the following characteristics:

* Type of small hydro operation - take-off-river (the irrigation canal);

* Head - 91.6 meters;

* Discharge rate - 2 m3/sec;

* Installed capacity - 1. 6 MW;

* Average annual generation - 8.74 million kW/h.

The Tezi-Okami irrigation system is an intake facility including the open irrigation canal with the flow

rate of Q = 6.5 m3/sec. Water is diverted from the Ksani River into the irrigation system. The fore-

bay tank serving also as an intake for the Okami SHP, is constructed on the left bank of the

irrigation. The fore-bay tank has the length of 8.6 meters and 1.3 meters in height from the bottom

of the canal. The capacity of irrigation canal is sufficient to satisfy the SHP and irrigation waterdemand. However, in accordance with irrigation regulations SHP operations have to be suspendedirrigation seasons (summers) as all available water in the canal is utilized for irrigation purposes.According to the facility design used water is discharged into the tail water well and flows back into

the irrigation system through the tailrace.

The planned project activities are outlined in the Okami SHP Business Plan. Since the main

construction activities were completed about three years ago the project works focus on finishing the

equipment installation and performing minor equipment adjustments at the power house facility.

The majority of the project works is already fully or partially completed at the project site including:

1) Building a fore-bay tank with a flashing chamber and emergency spillway, and

2) Construction of a penstock, and a powerhouse with two Francis-type turbines.

Specialists from the Georgia Water Project (GWP) visited the site and performed full load testing on

the powerhouse generating and low voltage (6 kV and 10 kV) distribution equipment to identifyworks required for the completion of the facility. The tests identified that there are some minoradjustments to be carried out on the installed equipment.

The project design documents specify activities involve works on upgrading the generationequipment. In particular two synchronous motors are installed in the powerhouse. At the presentmoment these generators cannot be used without speed run away controls and excitation systems.Even if the existing motors are upgraded, their reliability remains very low. During the site visit theGWP specialists recommended to replace the existing synchronous motors with generators that are

equipped with all necessary controls and protection systems. These upgrade works are describedin greater detail in the project technical design documents available at the REP project office.

The project design documents specify the following installation, upgrading and adjustment works to

be performed on the powerhouse electrical equipment including:

a) Relocation of pressure gauges (manometers) from the top of the casing to the casinginlet;

b) Checking bearings heat controls for proper operation;

c) Connection of vacuum gauges must be attached to the draft tubes;

d) Purchase and installation of control panels

e) Purchase and replacement of two hydropower generators each of 800 kW capacitywith exciters;

5

The below list summarizes the works planned for the Okami SHP project:

1) Rehabilitation of the water intake;

2) Rehabilitation of the spillway

3) Purchase and installation of turbines;

4) Purchase and installation of control panels;

5) Purchase and Installation of hydro-generators (two generators of 800 kW capacity each withexciters);

Civil works associated with the completion of the Okami hydropower plant infrastructure include thefollowing activities:

A fore-bay tank, which serves as an intake facility, is constructed on the left wall of the irrigationcanal. Intake does not provide delivery of rate discharge. Following activities on the water intake areplanned:

* Demolition of a concrete wall located on the left bank of main canal;

* Removing all the debris from the water intake pool;

* Making wooden forms for construction of concrete panels and adding steel bars as requiredin the project technical design;

* Removing all gates from the intake pool and sending them for repairs;

* Removing wooden forms after the concrete is dry;

* Testing the concrete using special test equipment;

* Reinstalling the water flow regulating gates;

* Conducting the testing of the water intake pool for leaks;

* In case of minor leaks patching the gaps with concrete;

* Installing safety handrails or netting fences around the fore-bay area;

* Disposing of all debris and construction materials at designated disposal site and in anapproved manner.

The spillway requires modest repair and cleaning. The following activities are planned:

* Removing debris and sedimentation from the canal;

* Enforcing the canal banks and walls;

* Disposing of all debris, scrap, and left over construction materials at designated disposalsites and in an approved manner.

The powerhouse construction is complete. There are works in the powerhouse and the powerhouseyard required for the installation of electrical equipment.

Installation of electrical equipment: the Okami project envisions the installation of a turbine andreplacing two generators along with power distribution and control panels. The following worksassociated with the installation of power and electrical equipments are planned:

* Removing and dismantling the presently installed generators;

* Installing new generators and a turbine;

6

* Installing new wiring;

* Installing new control and automation systems;

* Posting high voltage signs to indicate a threat of electrocution in the powerhouse and on the

powerhouse and switch yards.

* Removing debris and metal scrap from the powerhouse floor and repair floor as needed;

* Closing electrical cable ducts in the powerhouse and the powerhouse and switch yards;

* Cleaning the powerhouse yard from litter, waste, and scrap materials; and

* Disposing all debris, scrap and left over construction materials at a designated disposal site

and in an approved manner.

Table 1. Electrical equipment to be installed at the Okami SHPP project:

Stationary EquOlipme3 t',.

Two 800 kW generators

Turbine

Automated control systems


The REP Environmental team visits the site in December 2006. The purpose of the visit was to

assess the current environmental conditions at the site and complete the screening analysis of

potential environmental impacts. The following sections contains an analysis of the significance of

the various potential environmental impacts associated with the project, and, where applicable,describe mitigation measures (including monitoring) which are needed to implement for addressing

the identified impacts.

The results of the screening exercise at the Okami project site are presented in Annex A.

Issues which were determined to be insignificant or irrelevant following the screening analysis (in

compliance with the significance criteria outlined in the PEA) are shown in Table 2.


Construction PhaseIssues Reasons for ExclusionDisruption to wildlife or sensitive ecological habitats Rehabilitation of the existing scheme and no

significant habitats in the vicinityDisruption of the hydrological regime Existing hydrological patterns will be maintainedDisruption of local movement and access to roads Most works will be away from village roads and

-relatively of small-scaleOperatio al Phase

Disturbance or threat to important ecological habitats, Completion of the existing infrastructure and noincluding protected ecosystems (e.g. national parks) significant habitats in the vicinitySalt water intrusion Not applicableImpediment to movement of livestock and humans Completion of the existing infrastructure, people will

likely improve access to landThreat to historic, cultural and aesthetic sites and Completion of the existing infrastructure, and no landfeatures acquisitionDisruption of fisheries No significant fisheries presentIncreased water turbidity during the construction No major construction operations are planned whichphase might affect water turbidity either in the irrigation or

the river as the Okami facility and relatinginfrastructure are already completed

Increased risk of soil instability and erosion during the No major construction operations are planned as theconstruction phase Okami facility and relating infrastructure are already

completed.


Based on the conducted environmental review including environmental screening of the Okamiproject site, significant environmental impacts related to the assessed environmental aspects areidentified and presented below.

It is necessary to note that the identified impacts have moderate to low probabiity for occurance.Thus such impacts are mitigated and prevented through following best management, constructionand operational practices. The Mitigation Plan for the Okami SHPP outlines major mitigationactivities associated with each impact.

Below there is a list of environemntal impacts that were identified as moderate or significant for eachenvironemtal aspect proposed in the PEA. The impact list is acoompanied with a set of measuresrecommended to mitigate the impacts

8

1) Geology and Soil:

(a) Construction:

4. Moderate to low impact on soil and geology as the project envisions onlysmall scale construction activities on spillway rehabilitation.

4 Moderate to low impact from disturbance of topsoil and aggravation oferosion during the construction phase. The canal wall replacement andhand rail installation does not require involving heavy machinery that candamage top soil. No works are planned to excavate substantial amounts ofground or top soil for completion the spillway and the canal rehabilitation.



(c) Operation:

Moderate to low impact of soil contamination during the opeartion activiites. Thisimpact is realted to improper handling of chemicals, lubricants and transformeroils during the operation.

(d) Mitigation mesures:

4. Regular checking for oil leaks in the machinery;

4. No mashinery washing at the site; and

4A Subcontracting professional services for regular oil replacement intransformers.

2) Water Resources.

(a) Construction:

Increased turbidity during the construction phase: construction activities willrequire the excavation work and removal of gravel from the irrigation canal, andconcrete mixing. These activities will generate the downstream turbidity in thecanal.

(b) Mitigation Measures:

4 Avoiding stockpiling soils along the canal;

4. Returning topsoil along the canal bank and riparian ecosystem to its originallocation

(c) Operation:

4 Increased erosion. Project releases back in the irrigation system areequivalent to natural discharges. Therefore it is expected that the quantityreleased during the plant operation will not impact the current rate oferosion. The water discharges will have a slightly higher capacity to carrysediment, but given the flow and lack of fluctuation, no significant increasein the current rate of erosion is expected.

9

a4 Decreased availability of water resources for irrigation. Water will bediverted to the Okami SHPP during its operation. This might significantlyreduce the flow coming into the irrigation channel (the exit point at thetailrace). This reduction might cause changes in the availability of waterresources for irrigation as well as adverse impacts on fish population in thisthe section of the irrigation canal and the Ksani river in locations adjacent tothe SHPP, especially during dry seasons. Since the project envisionscommencing power generation of 1,600 kW, more water than presently willbe diverted into the SHPP to generate electricity. This could potentiallyaggravate the above-identified impacts.


4. Maintain a minimal sustainable river flow (minimum ecological flow) tosustain the river hydrology, water quality, existing fish population and wildlife(according to seasonal fluctuations in flow levels).

.4 Maintain a minimum wet channel perimeter at all control structures with aconstant flow in the canal throughout the year.

3) Biological Resources:

(a) Operation:

Loss of Fish. The planned hydro-electrical system diverts a portion of the Ksaniriver flow to the canal, and then to the penstock and the turbine. Juvenile fishthat passes through the turbine (entrainment) may be caught killed in the turbine.Both juvenile and potentially some adult fish might be affected by impingementagainst water intake structures and fish screens. The Salmo fario species listedin the Red Book of Georgia and is present in the Khanistskali River. Therefore,the operation phase of the Okami SHPP project is anticipated to result inmoderate and potentially significant impacts on juvenile fish.


Install fish screens at the intake to the canal where water is diverted from the river'snatural course. The mesh in such screens is about 3 mm x 3 mm. It will prevent alllarger fish and most small fish from entering the canal and the penstock. Thescreens require periodic cleaning from dirt and debris by the operator.

4) Human Resources:

(a) Construction:

4- Impact on the Okami Community from construction and installation activities(including the presence of temporary workers on the site). Local populationcan be disrupted during the construction phase when equipment installationand spillway fixing are performed. The disruption might occur due to theincreased transport traffic and the presence of temporary employeesworking at the site.

4- Increased probability of work related injuries to workers and local populationduring the construction and installation activities.

4- Exposure to construction materials that can endanger public health. Duringthe construction such materials as asbestos can be used, which mightpresent threat to public health.

10


4 Establish and adhere to construction timetables to minimize disruption tonormal activities at or in the vicinity of the construction area;

4. Coordinate truck trafficking and other construction activities to minimizenoise, traffic disruption and dust.

(c) Operation:

Increased probability of work related injuries and death for the plant personnel and

the general public in case operation safety measures are not implemented.


Follow state safety regulations and guidelines, and implement best managementpractices. The REP Team has also prepared a list of safety equipment formandatory installation at the SHPP. The list is presented in Table 6.



Hard Hats

Eye Protection - Goggles

Safety Shoes

Work Gloves

Eye Wash Station

First Aid Kit (for 50 people)

Oil Absorbing Pads 1 5X1 9in minimum weight 100 per case ABS 24,7 gallonsquantity boxes

Orange Vests

Harness for Personnel (inspections/dam work)

11

3 MITIGATION PLAN

SIGNIFICANCE RSOSBLTACTMTy POTENTIAL & PROBABILITY MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSRBILITY RESIDUALIMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Repair of the Verify applicability REP Program,spillway and Injury to contractors Safe working Okami of written safe Regionaldam at the workers and other Moderate - procedures to be Contractor, working Environmental Negligible -head-works persons during Possible written and followed Community procedures. Ad Office/ SHE Unlikely

works by contractor rg hoc inspection of Officers; REPworks Program

All waste material to REP Program,Injury to contractors be stored in a secure, Contractor, Okami Regionalworkers and others Moderate - designated area prior Community Ad hoc Environmental Negligible -from unsafe storage Possible to removal to a organity inspections Office / SHE Unlikelyof waste designated waste Organiation Officers; REP

landfill site Program

Soil contamination Best managementfrom spilled Moderate - practices are Okami Community Ad hoc inspection N -chemicals, liquid Possible implemented by Organization, of the construction REP Program Unlikelyconcrete, other liquid construction Contractor sitematerials contractors

Water and soil REP Program,pollution (visual and M Waste to be disposed Okami Community Ad hoc Regional Negligibleother) caused by Moderate of at a designated Organization, inspections Environmental Unlikelyimproper disposal of waste landfill site Contractor Office; REPwaste materials Program

12

SIGNIFICANCEPOTENTIAL & PROBABILITY MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL

ACTIVITY IMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACT

OCCURRENCE MONITORING

Disturbance to Intlaint eREP Program,reietilaea oeat chdld u'g Okami Community Ad hoc Regional Moderate -

caused by noise Installatior oln o bOnetio inspedions Environmental Unlikely

generated during Prbblwormalhur weekdy. Contractor nsetosSHE Officers; Ulkl

installation wrighusol.REP Program

Avoiding blockingstream flow duringconstruction, avoidingstockpiling soils in

Increased canal banks and the REP Program,

downstream turbidity Moderate - floodplain; Returning REP Program, Ad hoc Regional Moderate -

in the canal and the probable topsoil along the canal Contractor inspections Environmental Unlikely

river bank and riparian Office

ecosystem to itsoriginal location, andrestoring landcontours

Avoiding blockingstream flows;

Avoiding stockpiling of Okami Communitysoil; Organization, Ad hoc REP Program,

Inrae rso f Low - unlikely Using erosion c-ontrol REP Program, inspections to the gionanliel

River Stream measures such as Contractor site e nvionffiace

bales to prevent run- Oce

offs;

Minimizing the use ofheavy machinery

13


IMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS MONITORING IMPACTOCCURRENCE MNTRN

Installation of net fishDamage to fish screen to prevent REP Program, REP Program,stock including Lo- ukale to a e a diestoe REP Program, then periodic Regional Moderate -disruption of fish maintainnikminimaal an esok, Contractor inspections by Environmental Possible

spawning ~~~ecological flow in theoprtrOfcriver.

Pollution (visual and Waste to be disposed REP Program, Ad hoc Regionalother) caused by Moderate - at a designated waste Contractor inspections Environmental Negligible -improper disposal of Possible landfill site Officer, REP Unlikelywaste materials Program

Injury to contractors Workers must follow Regionalworkers from Moderate - safety guidelines and REP Program, Ad Hoc Environmental Negligible -construction Probable if necessary wear Contractor inspections Officer RE Unlikelyequipment protective gear Oicers, REP

Program

14




Modernization Verify applicability

of powerhouse Injury to contractors Safe working of written safe REP Program,

including workers and other Moderate - procedures to be Contractors, working Regional Negligible -

replacement persons during Possible written and followed Okami Community procedures. Ad Environmental / Unlikely

of generators works by contractor hoc inspection of SHE Officers

and works

installation ofa turbine, and Injury to contractors Workers must wearauxiliary workers from protective glasses, REP Program,

equipment improper handing of Moderate - masks and gloves Contractors, Ad Hoc Contractors, Negligible -

asbestos or Probable Promote use of glass Okami Community inspections Rayon Unlikely

insulating mineral free (Rock Wool) SHE Officerswool mnrlgas________

All waste material toInjury to contractors be stored in a secure,

workers and others Moderate - designated area prior Contractor Ad hoc tosSEonfers Negligible -

from unsafe storage Possible to removal to a inspections SHE Offcers Unlikely

of waste designated wastelandfill site

Pollution (visual and Waste to be disposed Okami Communit AhcRegionalother) caused by Moderate - of at a designated Organization, inspec Environmental Negligible -

improper disposal of Possible winspections Unlikely

____________ waste materials

1 5

SIGNIFICANCE RSOSBLTACTIVITY POTENTIAL & PROBABILITY MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUAL

IMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS MONITORING IMPACTOCCURRENCE

Ditrac oInstallation to be Okami Community REP ProgramDisturbance to scheduled during Ad hoc Regional Moderateoccupiers and normal weekday Organization inspections Environmental / Possiblenearby residential working hours only. 'Contractor SHEOffcersareas caused by Moderate -

noise generated Probable Equipment is to beduring the installed only within REP Program, Inspection at Regional Negligible -installation of suitable buildings/ Contractor commencement Environmental / Unlikelyelectrical equipment powerhouse (not of works SHE Officers

outside)

Daily checks of Kutaisi Regionalmachinery for leaking Facility Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental Minor - Possible

Oil pollution of soil oil Officerand water at during Moderate - Likely No washing of RegionalSHPP operation machinery at the site, EnvironmentalOperation of Operator Ad hoc inspection Offcer Minor - Possible

the Okami no oil change at theSHP facility site

Reduce plant load toDisruption of fish Moderate - maintain minimal Periodic Regional Ngiilspting Possible ecological flow in the Operator inspection Environmental Negligible -

sannPosberiver, during the Ofospawning season

Restoration of Damage to eco- Regularthe switch systems, or habitats M Selection of new line Design Consultant inspection of Regional / Rayonthed switchreul o Moderate - routes (if any) to avoid Deig oslat construction sites environmental Negligible -electrical lines installation of new Possible sensitive habitats and contractor and operation Officer Unlikely

poles zones

16




RegularSeparation of topsoil inspection ofand subsoil during tecigwr

Loss of topsoil pole installation, repair and other Regional

leading to increased Low- Unlikely or replacement and Contractor operation zones Environmental Minor - Possible

soil erosion replacement of topsoil Officer

after the poles areinstalled

Daily checks of Regionalmachinery for leaking Contractor Ad hoc inspection Environmental Minor - Possible

Oil pollution of soil oil Officer

and water at Moderate - Likely Regional

construction site No washing of Environmentalmachinery at Contractor Ad hoc inspection Officer Minor - Likely

construction site

Works performed Regional

Noise pollution in the Moderate - strictly during normal Contractor Ad hoc inspection Environmental Major - Unlikely

village Definite weekday working SHE Officer

hours

Visual impact (lines Route alignment to Regional . -

are installed above Major - Definite minimize areas of Design consultant Ad hoc inspection Environmental Negigible -

ground) above ground piping Officer Unikely

Landscaping and Regular

Reduced amenity Moderate - replanting of inspection of Regional / Rayon NeIgblvalues of the area Possible construction area after Contractor completed Environmental Ueligkil y

completion of piping sections of the Officer nlikely

works pipeline

17

SIGNIFICANCE RSOSBLTPOTENTIAL & PROBABILITY MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUALACTIVITY IMPACT OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Only fully trainedConnection of personnel to carry out Regular Inspector fromelectrical lines Damage caused by . - installations according Utility Company / inspections by regulatory Major - Unlikelyto homes / electrical shocks to Major - Possible to industry best Contractor regulatory authorityapartments practice guidance and authority

standards

Major - Possible Regular Inspector fromUtility Company / inspections of regulatoryContractor installations authority

records

Safety information to Company / Reular Inspector from Major - Unlikelybe given to Uotilityompn insRegulars regulatoryhouseholders Cotatrisetosauthority

Trained professional Inspector fromto inspect, clean, and Utility Company / Follow up regulatoryadjust equipment Contractor inspections authorityevery year

18

4. MONITORING PLAN




Regulatory Compliance:

The facility complies with the The facility, or proposed facility, *The project owners have obtained allrequirements of national has all the necessary required construction and operationenvironment, health and safety permissions and permits permits and licenses including anlaws and regulations. required under Georgian environmental permit.

national laws and regulations. * The REP Program in cooperation withthe project owner prepared theProgrammatic EnvironmentalAssessment and developed anenvironmental management plan perrequirement of the project sponsors(USAID, EBRD).

Water Flow:

The facility maintains a * Maintain minimum wetted * The project owner has obtained aminimum ecological flow in the channel perimeters, at all water use permitriver that is adequate for the control structures, with aexisting fish population, wildlife constant flow in the river rate to assure that the minimaland water quality taking into throughout the year. ecological flow is maintained.account seasonal fluctuations inflow levels. * Facility operation schedules to

be based on the minimumecological flow required tosustain the existingenvironment.

19


Water Quality:

The facilities operations do notcontribute to the deterioration of The facility has minimal impact Best management practices onwater quality either upstream or Tefclt a iia mat Bs aaeetpatcsodownstream of the facility, on water quality at the head- hydropower construction are followed.Y- works, canal, tailrace and The facility will not contributed to the

diversion dam. deterioration of water quality after thecompletion of the construction activities.

Fish Population Protection:

The facility had minimal impact * There should be minimal loss * Information has been gathered on bothon local fish populations, of fish or fish habitat. the local and migratory fishprovides effective fish passage populations;for local and migrating fish * Facility preserves fishspecies and also protects fish population. * The project design includes fishfrom entrainment. * Facility construction and screens;

operation do not limit fish * The project design includes adequatemovement, migration and mitigation measures to ensure that fishspawning. protection criteria are met.

* Flows at the intake anddownstream of the tailrace areadequate to support aquaticand riparian species in thefacility area.

20


Watershed Protection:

The facility does not negatively * The facility does not affect the * An assessment of impacts associatedimpact environmental integrity of the existing with additional components has beenconditions in the watershed. ecosystem either upstream or made.

downstream of the facility. * An assessment of upstream and

* Facilities components and downstream impacts has been made.infrastructure (e.g. access . .roads, power lines, and * Adequate midtgation measures havegeneration facilities) have been provided to ensure the eligibilityminimal impact on the riparian criteria are met.environment.

Threatened & EndangeredSpecies Protection: * The facility is not constructed * Sensitive or protected areas on or

The facility does not negatively on a protected or sensitive around the river have been identified.impact any threatened or river.endangered species nor any .* Endangered or threatened speciesareas designated for their * The facility does not threaten present in the area of, or downstreamprotection. or harm the habitat or from, the facility have been identified.

migratory routes ofendangered species. * The REP Environmental team has

p . assessed the potential impact of the* The facility has no significant facility on any such areas or species.

impact on the existing wildlifehabiat nd ppultion. *The project design provides for


21


Recreation:

The facility does not stop orlimit recreational uses of the Access to the water remains Identification of any current recreationalriver. unchanged with the facility uses of the river around the site and

and accommodates confirmation that these uses will not berecreational activities on the affected by the development of theriver. facility.

Cultural Issues:

The facility does not Cultural property includes No cultural sites or property in theinappropriately impact sites having archaeological vicinity of the facility has beencultural property (prehistoric), paleonthological, identified.

historical, religious and uniquenatural values. Culturalproperty includes remains leftby previous humaninhabitants and unique naturalfeatures such as canyons andwaterfalls.

Community Issues:

The facility does not reduce The facility does not prevent . Local community uses of the river havelocal community use of either or limit the local community been identified.the river or the surrounding from access to the river as a oThe locally affected community haslands. communal leisure amenity, been notified and consulted prior to the

and the irrigation facility development of the facility.

. Adequate mitigation measures havebeen agreed to ensure that eligibilitycriteria are met..

22

ANNEX A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF THE OKAMI PROJECT SITE

ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ANALYSIS - SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS


Project Name Okami SHP

Type of project Completion of previously started construction

Location (district / region) Region-Shida Kartli, District- Kaspi, Village-Okami

Ownership Private

Surrounding Present Land Use [ X ]Agriculture [ X ] Residential [ ] Tourism

[ Industrial [] Forest Land [ ] Institutional

[ Commercial [ ] Open Spaces

] Others, pis. Specify:

Installed Capacity (kW) 1,600 kW

Project Cost (USD) $502,000



Construction / rehabilitation of structures and buildings? N NConstruction / rehabilitation of access roads? N NConstruction / rehabilitation of transmission lines? N NTemporary sites used for construction works or housing of Y Nconstruction workers?Significant risk associated with waste transport? N NInadequate waste disposal facilities? Y N

Include grading, trenching, or excavation > 1.0 hectares N NConducted near geologic hazards (faults, landslides, N Nliquefaction, un-engineered fill, etc)?Require offsite overburden / waste disposal or borrow pits N N>1.0 ton?Cause loss of high quality farmlands > 10 hectares N NRequire the use of dangerous / hazardous substances (e.g. Y Yoil, lubricants, chemicals; pls. Specify)?Require an oil / lubricants collection and disposal system? Y YIncrease vehicle trips > 20% or cause substantial Y Ncongestion?Cause or contribute to safety hazards? Y YInadequate access or emergency access for anticipated N Nvolume of people or traffic?Produce solid wastes during construction or operation or Y Ndecommissioning?

23

Is there and impact because / to Construction Operation and

MaintenanceInvolve actions that will cause physical changes in the locality(topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc)?



Earthquakes, subsidence, landslides or erosion? N NMovement of soil? Y NRates of erosion or siltation by wind or water? N NManagement of excess soil or spoil material (from mining)? N NPhysical degradation of the local environment? N N

4) Water Resources


Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of Y Npollutants onto the ground or into sewers, surface waters,groundwater, coastal waters or the sea?Run-off as a result of the hardening of surfaces, or loss of the N Nsponge effect of vegetation?Flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions? Y YAbility to absorb run-off? N NChanges to flood plains? N NQuantity of surface water, groundwater or public water N Ysupplies?Threats to hydrological functioning through existing or altered N Nwater extraction?Withdrawals from or discharges to surface or ground water? N NThreats through existing or altered impoundment N Nconstruction?Conservational or recreational value of rivers, streams, lakes, N Nwetlands, dams or islands?Threats through existing or altered pollution? N NThreats through existing or altered turbidity? Y YThreats through existing or altered agricultural run-off? N NThreats through existing or altered chemical processes or N Nnutrient balances?Threats through existing or altered changes in sediment flows N Nand siltation rates?Changes through existing or altered canalization? N NRiver, stream or lake onsite or within 30 meters of Y Yconstruction?Excavation or place of fill, removing gravel from a river, Y Ystream or lake?

24


Onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk N Nquantities?Decreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?

5) Bioloaical Resources


Important, high quality or scarce resources that could be N Yaffected by the project?Located in a Protected Area or Wildlife Corridor? N NInundate or remove wetland habitats? N NSurvival of rare or endangered plant species? N NDiversity of plant communities? N NVegetation communities of conservation or scientific N Nimportance?Natural replenishment of existing species? N YFirewood collection? N NOverexploitation of biological resources? N NSurvival of rare or endangered animals? N NDiversity of animal communities? N NNatural migration of species? N NIntroduction of alien species? N NLoss of native species or genetic diversity? N NVegetation removal or construction in wetlands or riparian N Nareas > 1.0 hectare?Use of pesticides / rodenticides, insecticides, or herbicides > N N1.0 hectare?Construction in or adjacent to a designated wildlife refuge? N NDecreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?Re-entry pipe cause increased scouring of stream bank N Nwhere water is returned to the stream?Flora and / or fauna of ecological or commercial significance N Nto be found?

25



Existing settlements in the vicinity of the proposed project? Y YExisting land uses on or around the project that could be N Naffected by the project?Areas on or around the location of the project that are N Nalready subject to pollution or environmental damage?Permanent or temporary change in land use, land cover or N Ntopography including increases in intensity of land use?Social infrastructures located in or near the project area N N(e.g., schools, health canters / clinics, places of worship,others?Social acceptability of the project (community, government, N Nnon-governmental organizations)?Visual and odor effects of waste sites? N NRisk to the community and the local environment should the N Yfacility break down?Potential conflict with adjacent land uses? N NNon-compliance with existing codes, plans, permits or N Ndesign factors?Construction in national park or designated recreational N Narea?Relocation of >10 individuals for +6 months? N NInterrupt necessary utility or municipal service > 10 N Nindividuals for + 6 months?Loss or inefficient use of mineral or non-renewable N Nresources?Noise levels > 5 decibels for + 3 months? N NAdverse visual impact when compared to the surrounding N Nnatural landscape?Affect future land uses on or around the location? N NAre there any areas on or around the location that are N Ndensely populated or built-up, which could be affected bythe project?

Highly visible to many people? N N

Lead to pressure for consequential project that could have N Ysignificant impact on the environment (e.g. more housing,new roads, new supporting industries or utilities, etc)?

Cumulative effects due to proximity to other existing or N Nplanned projects with similar effects?

Social changes, for example, in demography, traditional Y Ylifestyles, and employment?

26

7) Cultural Issues


Prehistoric, historic, or paleontological resources within 30 N Nmeters of construction?Unique cultural or ethnic values at the site? N N



Human or community health or welfare? Y YThe quality or toxicity of air, water, foodstuffs and other N Nproducts consumed by humans?Morbidity or mortality of individuals, communities or Y Ypopulations by exposure to pollution?Occurrence or distribution of disease vectors including N Ninsects?Vulnerability of individuals, communities or populations to N Ndisease?Individuals' sense of personal security? Y NCommunity cohesion and identity? N NCultural identity and associations? N NMinority rights? N NHousing conditions? N NEmployment and quality of employment? Y YEconomic conditions? Y YSocial institutions? Y YCause accidents that could affect human health or the Y Yenvironment?- From explosions, spillages, fires etc? Y Y- From storage, handling, use or production of hazardous Y Y

or toxic substances?Be affected by natural disasters causing environmental N Ndamage (e.g floods, earthquakes, landslip, etc)?Vulnerable groups of people who could be affected by the Y Yproject (e.g. hospital patients, the elderly)?

27

9) Air Quality






construction materials, sewage and waste?- Emissions from burning of waste in open air (eg slash N N






28



Geoloav

The village Okami is located in the Shida Kartli Region of Eastern Georgia in the River

Ksani basin (left tributary of the Mtkvari River).

The main orographic segment of the region is the Trialety ridge (the highest point is

Mount Oboli Kide with the altitude of 2083 m above the sea level). Middle part of the

region is dominated by plains constructed by clay shale from Crataceous period, and

with deeply cut valleys formed by the Mtkvari River and its tributaries. Slopes of the

mount Kvernaky surround the Northern part of the Mukhrani valley (the highest altitude -

1097 m) (Atlas of Georgia, 1984).

Geo Hazards

The region is considered an active seismic zone. The seismicity of the region is rated an

8 'eight' using the MKS scale (Medvedov-Sponheuer-Karnic Scale) (Map of seismic

hazard assessment of Georgia, 2006).

Soils

Soils are very diverse in the region. Alluvial soils dominate the plains along with steppe

terrestrial vegetation. On the upper part terraces and ranges, black earth ("Chernozem")

is found (Map of Soil Types of Georgia, 1999).

Climate

The climate is subtropical with moderately cold winters and hot summers. The average

annual temperature on the plain is 110 Celsius, on the mountainous area - 7,70 Celsius.

The absolute maximum air temperature is +370, while minimum is -37 0. The total annual

precipitation averages 608 millimeters.

Hydrology

Okami SHP is constructed on the Tezi-Okami irrigation system (with flow rate Q = 6.5

m3/sec). Water is diverted into the irrigation system from the Ksani river. Ksani river

rises on the southern slopes of Greater Caucasus mountain range and flows into the

Kura River. Ksani river as well as other left tributaries of the Kura river (Prone, Liakhvi,

Lekhura, Ksani, Aragvi and others) is used for irrigation purposes. Annual water

discharge rates of the Ksani river are presented below in Table 4.

Table 4: The Average Annual Water Discharge Rate in the River Ksani, m3/sec

Parameters I II III IV V VI VI I Vil| IX X Xi XII Average

Natural flow 4.10 5.16 10.9 20.1 21.4 19.2 10.5 7.92 6.57 5.55 4.96 4.49 10.2

(m3/sec)

Maximum 7.67 8.91 24.2 34.0 35.9 48.0 21.1 25.4 12.9 9.88 9.98 9.86 15.2

monthly average

Minimum 2.24 2.80 3.54 7.46 9.79 6.24 5.72 3.41 2.53 2.84 2.42 2.12 6.14

monthly average

29

Vegetation

The region vegetation compositions and origins are complex. In the past, oak (Quercusiberica), beech (Fagus orientalis), and hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica) forests prevailedthe area. Presently this floral diversity to a big extent was diminished due to illegallogging, firewood cutting and other human activities in the region. Large area is coveredby the steppe like vegetation with forest elements (Encyclopedia of Georgia, 1984).

Floodplain forests are found along the river Ksani and it's tributaries. Dominant floralspecies include willow (Salix pentandra), poplar (Populus tremula and Populus nigra),oak (Quercus pedunculiflora). The sub-forest layer is formed by such species as blackfruit thorn (Crataegus pentagyna) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). Steppedominates the region terrestrial ecology including some fragmented forests. Main floralspecies include christ's thorn (Paliurus spina-christi), Jerusalem thom (Rhamnuspallasii), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), european hackberry (Celtis caucasica). Non-wooded plants: fescue (Festuca pratensis) and peony (Paeonia tenuifolia) etc.

Woundwort, an herb species endemic to Georgia (Gallantus alpinus and Gallantuslatifolius) (CITES list) is found in the vicinities of the village Okami.

Mammals

As a result of significant anthropogenic activities, biodiversity of local fauna is rather poorin the region (Encyclopedia of Georgia, 1984). The following mammals are found in thevicinities of the Okami village including bear (Ursus arctos - Red Book of GeorgiaNational category-EN), badger (Meles meles), wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpes vulpes),marten (Martes martes), wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and hare(Lepus europeus). Common vole (Microtus arvalis) is a dominating rodent species(Atlas of Georgia, 1984).

Avifauna

Avifauna is represented by species typical for the steppe area dominated by thefollowing avian species: black-eared wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica), shrike (Laniuscollurio), rock-bunting (Emberiza cia) and hoppoes (Upupa epops). In the area therefound nests of imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), which is included in the IUCN Red List ofthreatened species. Black grouse (Tetrao mlokosieviczl) and partridge inhabit In theneighboring Trialeti mountains (Perdix perdix) (Jordania R., Boeme B., Kuznetsov A.,1 999).

Reptiles

Limited information on reptiles is available for this area. In the vicinities of the riverOkami such species as snake (Natrix natrix and Natrix tessellate), and european glasslizard (Ophisaurus apodus) were reported (Georgian Encyclopedia, 1984).

Fish

The following fish species were reported in the Okami river: trout (Salmo fario - Redbook of Georgia, Statute-VU), and barbell (Barbus lacera cyri and Barbus mursa)(Elanidze, R. 1988). Spawning periods for the major fish species found in the river arenoted in Table below.

30

Table 5. Okami River Fish Spawning Periods

Fish Spawning Period

Trout September-October

Barbell May-August


Population and settlements:

Okami community is located at 26 km from the Shida Kartli regional center, Kaspi. Thecommunity (Sakrebulo) of Okami includes 6 villages (Okami, Tezi, lgoeti, Mrgvali Chala,ferma, Tchangilari). At present 670 households and 1350 persons are registered in thecommunity. The community is 100% of Georgian Orthodox (Department of Statistics,Tbilisi, 2003).

Land Tenure:

The community holds 700 hectares of agriculture lands. The most important domesticanimals are cattle (about 500-520 units) and pigs (about 600-650 units). Other domesticanimals include poultry (200), horses (30) and donkeys (50).

Income and EmDlovment:

The primary employment of Okami residents is small-scale agricultural activities:vegetable produce and fruits, cattle breeding. Low percent of local population isemployed in a trading (markets in Tbilisi, Mtskheta and Gori) business.

The local manufacturing and processing sector includes one sawmill and one breadbakery. One pig farm is also in operation.

Attitude towards the completion and commencement of the hvdroDower Dlant

The Okami community residents support the completion of the hydropower plant. Afterthe commencement of the plant the village of Okami will receive electricity forhouseholds and local businesses (8,000 people). Employment is by far the mostimportant perceived benefit related to potentially enhanced engagement of localpopulation in agricultural processing industries.

Social Infrastructure

In the community there are two secondary schools, an ambulatory and a social andentertainment club.

The community has a centralized water supply system. The Shida Kartli DistributionCompany supplies electricity from grid to the local community. Reliability of electricitysupply remains an acute problem during both summer and in winter periods. The localpopulation uses kerosene, candle and diesel fueled power generators as alternativeenergy sources. There is no centralized gas supply to the community.

31

El-EL WS IWINROCKINT.ERNATIONAL

FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Putting Ideas to Work


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANFOR KABALI SMALL HYDROPOWERREHABILITATION PROJECT

,Iw - 't 8

i - .'I .

;I

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLANFOR KABALI SMALLHYDROPOWERREHABILITATION PROJECT



Tel: +995 32 50 63 43Fax: +995 32 93 53 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ....................................................... 22. Kabali small hydropower project (kabali community) ............................ 53. Environmental Review ............................................... 104. Mitigation Plan ..................................................... 165. Monitoring Plan .................................................... 22Annex A. Environmental Screening of the Kbali Project Site ........................ 24Annex B. Physical and Socio-Economic Environment ............................. 30Annex C. Geological Evaluation of the Kabali SHP site ............................................ 33

1. INTRODUCTION

The USAID-sponsored Rural Energy Program (formerly known as the Renewable Energy andEnvironment Development Program, or REED) in Georgia aims at developing in-countrycapacity to increase the utilization of small hydropower resources and realization of energyefficiency potential in rural Georgia.

The primary objectives of the Rural Energy Program include 1) increased supply of energy torural areas (both grid connected and off-grid); 2) improved management of local energyproduction; 3) improved in-country capacity to develop and deploy renewable energyapplications in rural communities; and 4) improved capacity to more efficiently utilize andprotect the local energy resource base.

The Rural Energy Program envisions the implementation of a number of pilot projects in suchareas as small, mini and micro hydropower installations, extensions of natural gas distributionnetworks, renewable energy systems (other than small, mini and micro hydro facilities), andnatural resource management programs.

Rural Energy Program activities as funded by a federal government agency, USAID, aresubject to applicable U.S. environmental laws, and regulations including USAID'senvironmental impact assessment procedures. These procedures intend to implement therequirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970. Title 22 of the Code of FederalRegulations, Part 216 (so called 22 CFR 216), applies to all USAID programs, projects,activities and substantive amendments.

To comply with 22 CFR 216, the Rural Energy Program environmental team completed aProgrammatic Environmental Assessment (PEA) for the Rural Energy Program in March of2006. USAID approved the PEA for further implementation. The PEA scope contained (a) adefinition of environmental screening criteria for a set of projects similar in size, range andmagnitude of impacts, and (b) characterization of common mitigation measures for each projecttype to alleviate the recognized impacts. Projects that did not share common attributes (suchas medium and large hydropower projects, projects located in national parks, or projects whichraised substantial issues regarding wetlands or sensitive habitats that would require a separateEnvironmental Assessment) were not addressed in the PEA.

The PEA evaluated four types of projects considered for investment under the Rural EnergyProgram. These included the following project categories:

* Small-scale hydropower plants;* Community natural gas (NG) distribution systems;* Renewable energy/ energy efficiency projects; and* Natural resource management projects.

Work completed by the PA Environmental Scoping Team set the stage for the PEA. Issuesidentified during preparation of the Rural Energy Program Scoping Statement (Appendix E)were examined by the multidisciplinary PEA Team through literature reviews, stakeholderinterviews, multiple field evaluations and environmental screening analyses. Through aprocess of integrating issues identified through scoping with information collected in literaturereviews, regulatory reviews, interviews, field and screening evaluations, the PEA Teamidentified environmental aspects that had to be addressed in the PEA.

2

The environmental aspects presented in the PEA included the following subjects:* Geology and Soils* Water Resources* Biological Resources* Socioeconomics (including Public Health)* Cultural Resources.

The PEA also simplified environmental due diligence for the preparation of environmentalmanagement plans (including mitigation and monitoring plans) for a larger set of activitiesexpected under the Rural Energy Program. Due to the completion of the ProgrammaticEnvironmental Assessment for the entire Rural Energy Program, it was unnecessary to defineenvironmental significance ranking criteria for each individual environmental management plan.The unified significance criteria elaborated in the PEA were utilized for the environmentalimpact ranking presented in individual environmental management plans. An environmentalmanagement plan for each project is based on a specific environmental review conducted ateach project site. The review process was designed to specify environmental impactscharacteristic of each project site attributable to either construction or operational phases ofproject implementation. The mitigation options are aligned with the general mitigationrecommendations specified in the PEA.

The Environmental Management Plans (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, andinstitutional measures to be taken into account during implementation and operation toeliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptablelevels. The plans also include actions needed to implement these measures. EMPs identifyfeasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverseenvironmental impacts to acceptable levels. Specifically, the EMPs include the following:


(b) Descriptions (with technical details) of each mitigation measure, including the type ofimpact to which it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or inthe event of contingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operatingprocedures, as appropriate;


(d) Linkages with any other mitigation plans (e.g., for involuntary resettlement, indigenouspeoples, or cultural property) required for the project.


(a) A specific description and technical details of monitoring measures, including theparameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency ofmeasurements, detection limits (where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signalthe need for corrective actions; and

(b) Monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitateparticular mitigation measures.

3

It was assumed that a legislative and regulatory framework is identical for all projects and wasalready discussed in the Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the Rural EnergyProgram. Obtaining accurate natural resource, ecological health and employment-relatedstatistics in any part of Georgia is extremely difficult. Also, local hospitals and other institutionsdo not keep health records and are unwilling to discuss or acknowledge health problems. Forthese reasons, it was not been possible to analyze any data related to public health issuesincluding environmental and occupational health statistics in the project communities.

2. KABALI SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECT (KABALI COMMUNITY)

Kabali SHP had been examined and included in the PEA report prepared in March 2006. Thespecific project environmental impact categories and mitigation recommendations were identifiedduring a second site visit completed by the Rural Energy Program environmental team in December2006. The proposed mitigation measures are in line with the common recommendations outlined inthe PEA.

The Kabali SHP is located on the left bank of the Kabali River, eight kilometers from the village ofBaisubani in the Lagodekhi district of the Kakheti Region in Eastern Georgia.

Figure 1. Location of Kabali SHP in East Georgia

The Kabali SHP was built in the early 1950s and began operation in 1953. From 1953 till 2001 thehydropower plant supplied 1,500 kW of electricity to the surrounding villages. The plant was closedin 2001. The current owner of the Kabali hydropower plant is Kablihesi 2006 Ltd, who bought allassets from Electrokompania Ltd in 2006. In 2001, the owner of the project financed minorrenovation works of the three turbine/generator units.

The layout of the area surrounding the facility is presented in Figure 2 below.

5

Figure 2. Layout of the Kabali Small Hydropower Plant

- -- ---. t

Rwver kbah

1 _ _E ' 4 - - R

. !M

.-

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Headwork's Penstock (in riverbed) Turbine-Generators, Powerhouse

Planned project works are outlined in the Kabali Business Plan prepared by the Rural EnergyProgram engineering team in cooperation with the project owner.

The Rural Energy Program engineering team visited the site and summarized the status of thehydropower infrastructure as follows:

• The low height diversion weir is 5.4 meters high and 66 meters long. The weir is equippedwith an emergency spillway and flow-regulating gate.

* A tyrol-type settling basin with the bottom based flashing facility is 3 meters high, 4 meterswide and 22 meters long. This structure has a second water inlet to allow the plant tocontinue to operate with limited capacity when repair works are needed for the diversion weir.The settling basin is equipped with the trash rack and flashing and flow regulating gates. Thesettling basin serves as a forebay tank as well.

* Water from the settling basin flows into the 2,300-meter long, and 1 100-mm in diameterpenstock, which conveys water to the horizontal sefting hydro units in the powerhouse.

P Water is discharged back to the Kabali River through the 190-meter long tailrace.

6


* Rehabilitation of the powerhouse (repairing of the roof, walls, and floor, installing of a glasswall in the control room) and cleaning and improving the powerhouse yard;

* Rehabilitation of the hydro-mechanical equipments;* Rehabilitation of the weir;* Rehabilitation of the tyrol-type water intake dam;* Repair of the settling basin and spillway;* Repair of the emergency spillway, flashing and flow regulating gates;* Rehabilitation of the penstock (arrangement of a flood protection wall for penstock);* Rehabilitation of the access road (from the SHP building to the headwork's (about 100 m

distance);* Rehabilitation of the tailrace;* Cleaning the river bed in the upper and lower pools of the dam;* Restoration of the switch yard;* Extending a portable water pipeline to the SHP territory; and* Electrical wiring.

Civil works associated with the rehabilitation of the low height diversion weir include the followingactivities:

* De-watering the intake pool using gabions or soil embankments. This action will allow dryingof the section of the weir for the rehabilitation works;

* Removing debris from the de-watered section;* Constructing wooden forms into which concrete will be poured and adding steel bars as

required by the design;* Removing and repairing the water intake and emergency spillway gates;* Removing wooden forms after concrete is dry and set;* On-site concrete mixing and forming;* Reinstalling the water intake and emergency spillway gates;* Collecting and disposing all debris, construction waste, scrap and remaining construction

materials in designated disposal sites.

The water intake which represents a concrete pool with a number of emergency and flow regulatinggates requires the following rehabilitation:

* Removing debris from the water intake pool;* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and adding steel bars as required in the design;* Removing all gates and sending them for repairs;* Removing wooden forms after concrete is dry and set;* Performing concrete testing;* Installing the repaired water flow regulating gate;* Performing testing of the water intake pool for leaks by filling it with water and closing the

gate;* In case of minor leaks, filling in the gaps with concrete;* Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials in a designated disposal

site; and* Equipping the settling basin with safety handrails or netting fences.

The above-listed works shall be started and completed within the same timeframe, as the diversionweir works. This will assure that, in the event of flooding during the repair of the diversion weir, therehabilitated system will be able to absorb some of the flood flow.

7

Kabali SHP penstock requires rehabilitation. The quality of the metal in the penstock will beinspected and weaker sections shall be replaced according to the instructions in the technicaldesign. The penstock was damaged during recent flooding. In order to prevent future damage, it isplanned to conduct the riverbed along the penstock and construct flood protection gabions of 600 mlength. The penstock rehabilitation includes following activities:

* Removing the damaged section of the penstock using gas-welding equipment;* Welding of the new sections using mobile electric welding machine;* Reinforcing the supports of the penstock according the instruction in the design;* After completion of the above-mentioned works, re-watering penstock and monitoring for a

specific period of time (two days +/-) to identify and repair the leaks;* Painting the penstock using water-based anticorrosion paint; and* Disposing all debris, scrub and left over construction materials in an approved manner.

The tailrace at the Kabali SHP needs rehabilitation including the following activities:

* De-watering the joint section between the pipeline and canal gabions. This action will allowdrying of the section for the rehabilitation works;

* Removing debris and sedimentation from the canal and tailrace;* Constructing wooden forms for concrete and adding steel bars as required by the design;* Removing wooden forms and waiting until concrete is dry and set;* Testing concrete using special test equipment;* Filling the tailrace and canal with water and testing for leaks;* In case of minor leaks, filling in the gaps with concrete; and* Disposing of all debris, scrap and left over construction materials at a designated disposal

site and in an approved manner; and* Equipping the tailrace with safety handrails or netting fences.

When all rehabilitation works are completed, the entire hydro system will be re-watered andmonitored for a period of time specified in the design to identify and repair leaks.

Installation of electrical equipment: The Kabali SHP project envisages the restoration of the turbinesand generator and rehabilitation of the power distribution and control panels. The following worksare planed to be conducted:

* Removing of the turbines and sending their parts for repairs: casing, runner, shaft, bearings,flywheel, and governor. The draft tube and base plate may require repair in the powerhouse.The generator may be removed and sent for rewinding;

* Replacing the old wiring with the new one;

* Removing the old and non-functioning equipment and replacing it with modern, more efficientequipment;

* Repairing of the transformers, feeders, bus bars, transmission poles, and power lines;* Securing the territory of the powerhouse with proper fencing and safety signs indicating types

of potential hazards; and* Posting high voltage signs to indicate a threat of electrocution in the powerhouse and on the

powerhouse and switch yards.

8

Table 1. Electrical Equipment to be Installed at the Kabali SHP Project

Stationary Equipment

GeneratorRegulatorControl DC boardBattery station with charging deviceUnit control equipment

9

3. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

The Rural Energy Program environmental team visited the site in December 2006 to assess thecurrent environmental conditions and complete the screening analysis of potential environmentalimpacts. The following sections contain an analysis of the significance of the various potentialenvironmental impacts associated with the project, and, where applicable, describe the mitigationmeasures (including monitoring) which are needed to address the identified impacts.

The results of the screening exercise at the Kabali SHP project site are presented in Annex 1.

Issues which were determined to be insignificant or irrelevant following the screening analysis (incompliance with the significance criteria outlined in the PEA) are shown in Table 2 below.


Construction Phase

Issues Reasons for Exclusion

Disruption to wildlife or sensitive ecological habitats Rehabilitation of the existing scheme and nosignificant habitats in the vicinity

Disruption of local movement and access to roads Most works will be away from village roads andIrelatively of small-scale

Operational Phase

Disturbance or threat to important ecological habitats, Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure and noincluding protected ecosystems (e.g. national parks) significant habitats in the vicinity

Salt water intrusion Not aplicable

Impediment to movement of livestock and humans Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, and noactivities that hinder movement of livestock andhuman are planed

Threat to historic, cultural and aesthetic sites and Rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, and nofeatures land acquisition

Based on the conducted environmental review including environmental screening of the Kabali SHPproject site, significant environmental impacts related to the assessed environmental aspects areidentified and presented below.

It is necessary to note that the identified impacts have moderate to low probabiity for occurance.Thus such impacts should be mitigated and prevented through following best management,construction and operational practices. The Mitigation Plan for the Kabali SHP outlines majormitigation activities associated with each impact.

Below there is a list of environemntal impacts that were identified as moderate or significant for eachenvironemtal aspect proposed in the PEA. The impact list is acoompanied with a set of measuresrecommended to mitigate the impacts.

1) Geology and Soil

Construction:

4 Moderate to low impact from disturbance of topsoil and aggravation of erosionduring the construction phase. Technical design, envisages earth excavationactivities of approximately 250-300 m3 of soil for cannal and forebay tankclean-up works. Minor quantities of the localy available rver gravel will be

10

used in construction activities as an addition to cement, construction graveland sand mixture.

Mitigation measures:

4 Proper landscaping of slopes and replanting vegetation.

Construction:

A The Kabali SHP might have some geological impact during the construction ofthe low head weir.


A geological study of the project has been carried out and results are provided inAnnex C. The recommended mitigation measures include:

a Maintenance of the riparian vegetation.

4' Extraction of coarse material from the riverbed.

s Use of sediment trapping devices.

4 Construction supervision by geological engenieer.

Operation:

-. Moderate to low impact of soil contamination during the opeartion activiites.This impact is realted to improper handling of chemicals, lubricants andtransformer oils during the operation.

Mitigation mesures:

s Regular checking for oil leaks in the machinery.

4 No mashinery washing at the site.

,1 Subcontracting professional services for regular oil change in transformers.

2) Water Resources

Construction:

4- Increased Turbidity Downstream of the Headworks Construction.Construction activities require excavation, removal and movement of soil,gravel and rocks from the riverbed (i.e. creating embankments), and concretemixing (i.e. large construction areas). The above activities will potentiallygenerate high levels of suspended solids that will increase turbiditydownstream of the weir.

4 Increased Erosion of the Kabali River Stream. Construction activities at theheadwors involve excavation, removal and movement of soil, gravel or rocksfrom the riverbed (e.g. create new embankments) and impoundments. Asignificant amount of concrete mixing is needed as well (i.g. large constructionareas). These activities will potentially increase erosion of the river stream (incase the excavated soil is piled inappropriately). This in turn may increasesedimentation of the waterway and generate changes to the floodplains.

Mitigation Measures:

11

4. Avoid blocking stream flow during construction to eliminate the potential forflooding upstream to the weir and to increase the level of suspended solidscoming from the floodplain.

4. Avoid stockpiling soils on the river banks and the floodplains to minimize soilmoving through run-off.

,4 Use concrete blocks instead of soil (where feasible) for temporary streamdiversion to reduce soil movement and stream sedimentation.

4. Restore landscaping and replant vegetation at the river bank and within theriparian ecosystem to its original form.

4. Employ proper drainage techniques to prevent surface submersion.

4. Avoid construction during wet seasons where possible; activities should bescheduled to reduce the duration of construction during the wet season.

Operation:

4. Reduced conservational value of the Kabali River. During the operationalphase water is diverted to the Kabali SHP. This will reduce the water flowbetween the diversion gates and the tailrace. The reduction of water flow inthis segment of the river might cause changes in the flooding pattern as wellas adverse impacts on the fish population, especially in the dry season. Afterrehabilitation of the Kabali SHP it is planned to expand electricity generationcapacity by 500 kW, thus more water will be diverted to the SHP, which mightaggravate the impact.

4. Increased turbidity downstream of the weir: regular maintenance of the facilityrequires cleaning of weir from sediments once a year. Above activity willrelease soil and debris downstream and increase turbidity.


4. Use best management practices to preserve water quality during maintenanceactivities (e.g. provision of silt traps, stockpiling of soil and debris taken fromthe weir away from riverbanks, maintaining as much as possible of theriparian vegetation, etc).

4. Proper scheduling of activities: planning maintenance activities during the dryseason to minimize erosion and scheduling the placement of sedimentcapturing devices and key runoff control measures before major landdisturbing activities to minimize sediment release.

4A. Use biodegradable compounds for pipe/tunnel cleaning, watershed treatmentetc.

3) Biological Resources

Construction:

4. Impact on Fish Spawning. If the construction activities are scheduled for thespring (May-June) and beginning of the fall season (September - October),these works can disrupt fish spawning in the area, creating a negative effecton the fish population.

4. Impact on the aquatic species. The construction phase involves temporarydiversion of the stream from the weir. Blocking of the stream flow will dry the

1 2

canal between the weir and the tailrace discharge point, which will causesignificant impact on the aquatic species.


4. Maintain a minimal sustainable river flow (minimum ecological flow) to sustainthe river hydrology pattern, water quality, existing fish population and wildlife(according to seasonal fluctuations in flow levels).

4 Maintain minimum wet channel perimeters at all control structures with aconstant flow in the river throughout the year.

a Avoid construction works during the fish spawning period.

Operation:

a Loss of Fish: The planned hydro-electrical system diverts a portion of theKabali river flow from the weir to the turbine. Juvenile fish that passesthrough the turbine (entrainment) may be killed in the turbine. Both juvenileand potentially some adult fish might be affected by impingement againstwater intake structures and fish screens. The trout (Salmo fario) specieslisted in the Red Book of Georgia is present in the Kabali River. Therefore,the operation phase of the Kabali SHP project is anticipated to result inmoderate and potentially significant impacts on juvenile fish.

4 Impact on aqua fauna. A portion of the water flow will be diverted from theweir to the powerhouse, significantly reducing the river flow. Not maintaininga minimum river flow (especially in the dry season) would adversely affect thefish population.


-4 Install fish screens at the intake to the canal where water is diverted from theriver's natural course. The mesh in such screens is about 3 mm x 3 mm. It willprevent all larger fish and most small fish from entering the canal and thepenstock. The screens require periodic cleaning from dirt and debris by theoperator.

A Maintain a minimal sustainable river flow (minimum ecological flow) to sustain theriver hydrology, water quality, existing fish population and wildlife (according toseasonal fluctuations in flow levels).

,. Maintain minimum wet channel perimeters at all control structures with a constantflow in the river throughout the year.

4) Human Resources

Construction:

41 Impact on the Kabali Community from Construction Activities (including thepresence of temporary workers on the site). Local population can bedisrupted during the construction phase from the increased transport trafficand the presence of temporary employees working at the site.

4 Increased probability of work related injuries to workers and local populationduring the construction activities.

13

4 Damage to workers/or inhabitants and to infrastructure due to the flooding.Flash floods occur during the summer and autumn periods in the Kabali River.Floods could pose a threat to workers as well as damage/or destroy the formsin which concrete would be poured, as well as gabions and soil embankmentsand other on-site equipment.


4 Establish and adhere to construction timetables to minimize disruption tonormal activities at or in the vicinity of the construction area.

4 Coordinate truck trafficking and other construction activities to minimize noise,traffic disruption and dust.

4 Avoid construction during the wet season (where possible). If it is not feasible(because of the Kabali SHP project timeframe) activities should be scheduledto reduce the duration of construction during the wet season.

Operation:

4 Increased probability of work related injuries and death for the plant personneland the general public in case operation safety measures are notimplemented.


4 Follow state safety regulations and guidelines, and implement bestmanagement practices. The REP Team has also prepared a list of safetyequipment for mandatory installation at the SHPP. The list is presented inTable 3.

5) Waste materials

Construction:

4 Pollution of Environment with Construction Waste. Construction relatedactivities such as excavation, removal and movement of soil and concretemixing; installation of electrical equipments etc. will generate certain amountof construction wastes.


4 Segregate waste that can be re-used; If re-using of wastes is not feasible, takewaste materials to appropriate, designated local disposal areas;

4 Minimize burning of waste materials;

4 If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting burial pits up-gradient of thedrinking water sources such as wells. Pits should be lined with impermeablematerials.

14



Hard HatsEye Protection - Goggles

Safety ShoesWork Gloves

RespiratorsFirst Aid Kit (for 50 people)Oil Absorbing Pads 15X19in minimum weight 100 per case ABS 24,7 gallons quantity boxes

Orange VestsHarness for Personnel (inspections/dam work)

4. MITIGATION PLAN

POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUALACTIVITY IMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Repair of the . Verify applicability REP Program,intake pool Injury to Safe working K of written safe Kakheti Regionaland contractors Moderate - procedures to be Contractor, Kabali working Environmental Negligible -rehabilitation workers and Possible followed by Community procedures. Ad Office/ SHE Unlikelyof the dam other persons contractor Organization hoc inspection of Officers; REPand the head- during works works Programworks

All waste material tobe stored in a

Injury to secure, designated REP Program,contractors area prior to Kakheti regionalworkers and Moderate - removal to a Contractor, Kabali Ad hoc inspections Environmental Negligible -others from Possible designated waste Community Office / SHE Unlikelyunsafe storage of landfill site. Nearest Organization Offcers; REPwaste landfill is located in ProgrEP

the Gurjaani District Program(Shabraani) 30 kmfrom theconstruction lace

Soilcontamination Best management Ad hoc inspectionfrom spilled Moderate - practices are Kabali Community of the construction Negligible -chemicals, liquid Possible implemented by Organization, site REP Program Unlikelyconcrete, other construction Contractorliquid materials contractors

Water and soil

pollution (visual Waste to be Kabali Community REP Program,anu osedb Moderate - disposed of at a Organization, Kakheti Regional N 1

improper disposal Possible designated waste Contractor Ad hoc inspections Environmental nlikeiyof waste landfill site Office; REP Unlikelymaterials Program

Disturbance to REP Program,residential areas Installation to be Kakheti Regionalcaused by noise Moderate - scheduled during Kabali Community Ad hoc inspections Environmental / Moderate -

generated during Probable normal weekday Organization, SHE Officers; REP Unlikelyinstallation working hours only. Contractor Program

16

ACTIVITY POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY RESIDUALIMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Avoiding blockingstream flow duringconstruction, Usingconcrete formsrather than soil astemporary stream

Increased diversions, Avoiding REP Program,downstream Moderate - stockpiling soils in Adhcisetos Kakheti Regional Moderate -turbidity in the Probable river banks and the REP Program, Ad hoc inspections Environmental Possibleriver floodplain; Contractor Office

Replacing topsoilalong the river bankand restoring theriparian ecosystemand land contours totheir originalcondition,

Avoiding blockingstream flows;

Using concreteblocks rather thansoil as temporarystream diversions;

Avoiding stockpilingof soil; Kabali Community REP Program,

Increased erosion Moderate - Scheduling Organization, REP Ad hoc inspections Kakheti Regional Low -of river/stream possible maintenance Program, Contractor to the site Environmental Unlikely

activities during dry Officeseason; Usingerosion controlmeasures such asbales to preventrun-offs;

Minimizing the useof heavy machinery

17


OCCURRENCE

Ad hoc REP Program,Work schedules Kakheti RegionalIncreased Moderate - during dry seasons; C o gram, inspections, Min ion of Moderate -flooding oe -gr E rga,scheduled Aeirtoofhe Possible

posbeContractor inspectionMistyoAgriculture

Arrangement of fishby-passes formigrating fish;installation of net

Damage to fish fish screens to REP Program, REP Program,stock including Moderate - prevent entrance to then periodic Kakheti Regional Moderate -disruption of fish ossible the supply canal REP Program, inspections by Environmental Possiblespawning and penstock; Contractor operator Office

maintain a minimalecological flow inthe river.

Pollution (visualand other) DsposalKakheti Regionalcaused by Mode andesig wate REP Program, Ad hoc inspections Environmental Negligible -improper disposal Possible landfill site ContractorOfie,RPUlkyof waste Program

Repair of the materialspenstock Kakheti Regional

Injury to Environmentalcontractors Moderate -Workers must follow Office/ SHE Ngiilworkers from Probable safety guidelines REP Program, Ad Hoc inspections Officers, Negligible -

construction and if necessary Contractor Program Unlikelyequipment wear protective gear

Modern. of Verify applicabilitypowerhouse . of written safe REP Program,including Ionjurytor Safe working working Kakheti Regionalreplacement workers and Moderate - procedures to be Contractor procedures. Ad Environmental Negligible -of auxiliary other persons Possible followed by hoc inspection of Onspectorate, SHE Unlikelyequipment during works contractor works Officers

18


OCCURRENCE

Injury to All waste material tocontractors be stored in a Kakheti Regionalworkers and Moderate - secure, designated EvrnetlNgiilothers from Possible area prior to Contractor Ad hoc inspections Environmental Negligible -

unsafe storage of removal to a Officerswaste designated waste

landfill site

Pollution (visualand other) Waste to be Kabali CommunityKahtReinl Nggbe-

casdb oeae-disposed of at a Organization, Ad hoc inspections Environmental Unlikelyimproper disposal Possible designated waste Contractorof waste landfill site Inspectoratematerials

REP ProgramDisturbance to Installation to be Kabali Community Kakheti regionaloccupiers and scheduled during Organization Ad hoc inspections Environmental Moderate -nearby residential normal weekday ,Contractor Inspectorate SHE Possiblenrearb rauesdential rae working hours only. Officersareas caused by Moderate -noise generated Probable Equipment is to be

durng nsalltin Euimen i tobeKakheti Regional Negligible -of electrical installed only within REP Program, Inspection at Environmental Unlikelyequipment suitable buildings/ Contractor commencement of Inspectorate, SHE

powerhouse (not works Officersoutside)

Daily checks of Kakheti Regional Minor -machinery for Facility Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental Possible

f Oil pollution of leaking oil Inspectorate

the Kabali soil and water Moderate - LikelySHP facility during SHPP No washing of Kakheti Regional

operation machinery at the Operator Ad hoc inspection Environmental Minor -

site, no oil change OprtrA ociseto nspectorate Possibleat the site

19


OCCURRENCE

Reduce plant loadto maintain minimalecological flow in

Disruption of fish the river, during the REP program,spawning and Moderate - spawning season; Operator Periodic inspection Kakheti Regional Negligible -

increased juvenile Possible Installation of net Environmental Unlikely

fish mortality fish screen to Inspectorate

prevent entrance tothe penstock

Restoration of Damage to eco-the switch systems, or Selection of new line Regular inspection Kakheti Regional

yard and habitats as a Moderate - routes (if any) to Design Consultant of construction etirenal Negligible -

electrical result of Possible avoid sensitive and contractor sites and operation environmental Unlikely

lines installation of new habitats zones

poles

Separation of topsoiland subsoil during Regular inspection

Loss of topsoil pole installation, and other Kakheti Regionalleading to Moderate - repair or anc oper Kakhetirenal Minor -increased soil Probable replacement and Contractor operation zones environmental Possible

erosion replacement of Inspectoratetopsoil after thepoles are installed

Daily checks of Kakheti Regional Minor -machinery for Contractor Ad hoc inspection environmental Possible

Oil pollution of leaking oil Inspectorate

soil and water at Moderate - Likelyconstruction site No washing of Kakheti Regionai

machinery at Contractor Ad hoc inspection KakhetinRegintal Mnr-Lkl

construction site Inspectorate

Works performed

Noise pollution in Moderate - strictly during Contractor Ad hoc inspection Kakheti Regional Major -village Definite normal weekday environmental Unlikely

working hours Inspectorate

20

ACTIVITY POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE & MITIGATION RESPONSIBILITY MONITORING RESPONSIBIUTY RESIDUALIMPACT PROBABILITY OF MEASURES FOR MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING IMPACT

OCCURRENCE

Visual impact Route alignment to Rgoa

istalled abe Major - Definite minimize areas of Design consultant Ad hoc inspection Environmental Negligible -

installeground) above ground piping Officer

Landscaping and

Reduced amenity Moderate - replanting of Regular inspection Oblast / Rayon Negligible -varuea ofteconstruction area Contractor of completed Environmental UNelikibelyvalues ofte Possible after the completion sections of the Officer Ulkl

of line installation pipelineworks

Only fully trainedConnection of Damage to personnel to carryelectrical Poisoning or out installations Utility Company I Regular Isetrfo aolines to explosion due to Major - Possible according to Contractor inspections by regulatory authority Unlikely

homes/ gasleaks ~~industry best rgltr uhrtapartments g practice guidance

and standards

Safety informationto be given to Utility Company r Regular Inspector fromhouseholders Contractor inspections regulatory authority

Major - Possible Trained professional Major -to inspect, clean, Unlikelyand adjust Utility Company / Follow up Inspector fromequipment every Contractor inspections regulatory authorityyear

21

5. MONITORING PLAN




Regulatory Compliance: The facility, or proposed facility, * The project owners have obtained allThe facility complies with the has all the necessary permissions required construction and operationrequirements of national and permits required under permits and licenses including anenvironment, health and safety Georgian national laws and environmental permit.laws and regulations. regulations. * The REP Program in cooperation with

the project owner prepared theProgrammatic EnvironmentalAssessment and developed anenvironmental management plan perrequirement of the project sponsors(USAID, EBRD).

Water Flow: * Maintain minimum wetted * The project owner has obtained a

The facility maintains a minimum channel perimeters, at all control water use permitecological flow in the river that is structures, with a constant flow * Ecological-sanitary flow of the Kabaliadequate for the existing fish in the river throughout the year. River has been determined (which ispopulation, wildlife and water * Facility operation schedules are equal to Qsan=0.3OM 3I/sec)quality taking into account based on the minimum * Periodic measuring of the water flowseasonal fluctuations in flow ecological flow required to rate to assure that the minimallevels, sustain the existing environment. ecological flow is maintained.

Water Quality: The facility has minimal impact on Best management practices onThe facilities operations do not water quality at the head-works, hydropower construction are followed.contribute to the deterioration o canal, tailrace and diversion dam. The facility will not contribute to the

r q t deterioration of water quality after the.wa qualit either upstrea. completion of the construction activities.downstream of the facility.

Fish Passage and Protection: . There should be minimal loss of * Information has been gathered on both

The facility had minimal impact on fish or fish habitat. the local and migratory fishlocal fish populations, provides * Facility preserves fish populations;effective fish passage for local and population. * The project design includes fishmigrating fish species and also * Facility construction and screens;protects fish from entrainment. operation do not limit fish * The project design includes adequate

movement, migration and mitigation measures to ensure that fishspawning. protection criteria are met.

* Flows at the intake anddownstream of the tailrace areadequate to support aquatic andriparian species in the facilityarea.

Watershed Protection: * The facility does not affect the * An assessment of impacts associated

The facility does not negatively integrity of the existing with additional components has beenimpact environmental conditions in ecosystem either upstream or made.the watershed. downstream of the facility. * An assessment of upstream and

* Facility components and downstream impacts has been made.infrastructure (e.g. access roads, * Adequate mitigation measures havepower lines, and generation been provided to ensure the eligibilityfacilities) have minimal impact criteria are met.on the riparian environment.

22

Threatened & Endangered * The facility is not constructed on * Sensitive or protected areas on orSpecies Protection: a protected or sensitive river. around the river have been identified.

The facility does not negatively * The facility does not threaten or * Endangered or threatened speciesimpact any threatened or harm the habitat or migratory present in the area of, or downstreamendangered species nor any routes of endangered species. from, the facility have been identified.areas designated for their * The facility has no significant * The REP environmental team hasprotection. impact on the existing wildlife assessed the potential impact of the

habitat and populations. facility on any such area or species.*The project design provides for


Recreation: Access to the water remains Identification of any current recreationalh l unchanged with the facility and uses of the river around the site andThe facility does not stop or accommodates recreational confirmation that these uses will not be

limit recreatonal uses of the activities on the river. affected by the development of thenver. facility.

Cultural Issues: Cultural property includes sites No cultural sites or property in theThe facility does not having archaeological vicinity of the facility has been identified.inappropriately impact cultural (prehistoric), paleonthological,property historical, religious and unique

natural values. Cultural propertyincludes remains left by theprevious human inhabitants andunique natural features such ascanyons and waterfalls.

Community Issues: The facility does not prevent or * Local community uses of the river haveThe facility does not reduce limit the local community from been identified.local community use of either access to the river as a communal * The locally affected community hasthe river or the surrounding leisure amenity, and the irrigation been notified and consulted prior to thelands. facility development of the facility.

* Adequate mitigation measures havebeen agreed to ensure that eligibilitycriteria are met.

23

ANNEX A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF THE KBALI PROJECT SITE


Project NameKabali SHP

Type of project RehabilitationLocation (district / region) Region - KakhetiOwnership Private (Giorgi Bibiluri)Surrounding Present Land Use [ X I Agriculture [ I Residential [ ] Tourism

[ Industrial [X] Forest Land [ ] Institutional[ Commercial [ ] Open Spaces

{ l Others, pls. Specify: State landsInstalled Capacity (kW)

1500Project Cost (USD) $350, 000



Construction / rehabilitation of structures and buildings? Y NConstruction / rehabilitation of access roads? N NConstruction / rehabilitation of transmission lines? N NTemporary sites used for construction works or housing of Y Nconstruction workers?Significant risk associated with waste transport? N N

Inadequate waste disposal facilities? Y NInclude grading, trenching, or excavation > 1.0 hectares N NConducted near geologic hazards (faults, landslides, N Nliquefaction, un-engineered fill, etc)?Require offsite overburden / waste disposal or borrow pits N N>1.0 ton?Cause loss of high quality farmlands > 10 hectares N NRequire the use of dangerous / hazardous substances ( e.g. Y Yoil, lubricants, chemicals; pls. Specify)?Require an oil / lubricants collection and disposal system? Y YIncrease vehicle trips > 20% or cause substantial Y Ncongestion?Cause or contribute to safety hazards? Y YInadequate access or emergency access for anticipated N Nvolume of people or traffic?Produce solid wastes during construction or operation or Y Ndecommissioning?Involve actions that will cause physical changes in the locality Y Y(topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc)?

3) Geologv and Soils


Earthquakes, subsidence, landslides or erosion? N NMovement of soil? Y NRates of erosion or siltation by wind or water? N NManagement of excess soil or spoil material (from mining)? N NPhysical degradation of the local environment? N N

24

4) Water Resources


Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of Y Npollutants onto the ground or into sewers, surface waters,groundwater, coastal waters or the sea?Run-off as a result of the hardening of surfaces, or loss of the N Nsponge effect of vegetation?Flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions? Y YAbility to absorb run-off? N YChanges to flood plains? N NQuantity of surface water, groundwater or public water N Nsupplies?Threats to hydrological functioning through existing or altered N Nwater extraction?Withdrawals from or discharges to surface or ground water? N NThreats through existing or altered impoundment N Nconstruction?Conservational or recreational value of rivers, streams, lakes, N Nwetlands, dams or islands?Threats through existing or altered pollution? N NThreats through existing or altered turbidity? N YThreats through existing or altered agricultural run-off? N NThreats through existing or altered chemical processes or N Nnutrient balances?Threats through existing or altered changes in sediment flows N Nand siltation rates?Changes through existing or altered canalization? N YRiver, stream or lake onsite or within 30 meters of Y Yconstruction?Excavation or place of fill, removing gravel from a river, Y Ystream or lake?Onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk N Nquantities?Decreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?

25

5) Biolocical Resources


Important, high quality or scarce resources that could be N Yaffected by the project?Located in a Protected Area or Wildlife Corridor? N NInundate or remove wetland habitats?N NSurvival of rare or endangered plant species? N NDiversity of plant comrunities? N NVegetation communities of conservation or scientific N Nimportance?Natural replenishment of existing species? N YFirewood collection? N NOverexploitation of biological resources? N NSurvival of rare or endangered animals? N YDiversity of animal communities? N NNatural migration of species? N YIntroduction of alien species? N NLoss of native species or genetic diversity? N NVegetation removal or construction in wetlands or riparian N Nareas > 1.0 hectare?Use of pesticides / rodenticides, insecticides, or herbicides> N N1.0 hectare?Construction in or adjacent to a designated wildlife refuge? N NDecreased water flow that may change the flooding regime, N Nresulting in the destruction of wetlands?Decrease in downstream water flow that may affect N Ydownstream users (human, fisheries, and wildlife)?Re-entry pipe cause increased scouring of stream bank N Nwhere water is returned to the stream?Flora and / or fauna of ecological or commercial significance N Nto be found?

26



Existing settlements in the vicinity of the proposed project? Y YExisting land uses on or around the project that could be N Naffected by the project?Areas on or around the location of the project that are N Nalready subject to pollution or environmental damage?Permanent or temporary change in land use, land cover or N Ntopography including increases in intensity of land use?Social infrastructures located in or near the project area N N(e.g., schools, health canters / clinics, places of worship,others?Be affected by natural disasters causing environmental N Ydamage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslide etc)?Social acceptability of the project (community, government, Y Ynon-governmental organizations)?Visual and odor effects of waste sites? N NRisk to the community and the local environment should the N Yfacility break down?Potential conflict with adjacent land uses? N NNon-compliance with existing codes, plans, permits or N Ndesign factors?Construction in national park or designated recreational N Narea?Relocation of >10 individuals for +6 months? N NInterrupt necessary utility or municipal service > 10 N Nindividuals for + 6 months?Loss or inefficient use of mineral or non-renewable N Nresources?Noise levels > 5 decibels for + 3 months? N NAdverse visual impact when compared to the surrounding N Nnatural landscape?Affect future land uses on or around the location? N NAre there any areas on or around the location that are N Ndensely populated or built-up, which could be affected bythe project?Highly visible to many people? N NLead to pressure for consequential project that could have N Ysignificant impact on the environment (erg more housing,new roads, new supporting industries or utilities, etc)?Cumulative effects due to proximity to other existing or N Nplanned projects with similar effects?Social changes, for example, in demography, traditional Y Ylifestyles, and employment?

7) Cultural Issues


Prehistoric, historic, or paleontological resources within 30 N Nmeters of construction?Unique cultural or ethnic values at the site? N N

27



human or community health or welfare? Y YThe quality or toxicity of air, water, foodstuffs and other N Nproducts consumed by humans?Morbidity or mortality of individuals, communities or Y Ypopulations by exposure to pollution?Occurrence or distribution of disease vectors including N Yinsects?Vulnerability of individuals, communities or populations to N Ydisease?Individuals' sense of personal security? Y NCommunity cohesion and identity? N NCultural identity and associations? N NMinority rights? N NHousing conditions? N NEmployment and quality of employment? Y YEconomic conditions? Y YSocial institutions? Y YCause accidents that could affect human health or the Y Yenvironment?- From explosions, spillages, fires etc? Y Y- From storage, handling, use or production of hazardous Y Y


9) Air Quality






construction materials, sewage and waste?- Emissions from burning of waste in open air (e.g. slash N N

material, construction debris)? _

28





29



The Kabali River represents a left tributary of the Alazani River, which belongs to the Caspian SeaBasin. The Caspian Sea Basin is located in the eastern part of the country and influences the region'sdrier climate. The main rivers of the Caspian Sea Basin include the Kura River with its tributaries,Terek, Alazani and lori Rivers.

Geology

The Kabali SHP is positioned in the Kakheti region in the Eastern Georgia. The Northern part of thedistrict lies on the southern slopes of the Kakheti Caucasus Mountains. The Alazani River is situatedfurther to the South of the Kakheti Caucasus Mountains (Atlas of Georgia, 1964).

The Alazani Plain consists of alluvial sediments of different origin and nature that accumulated on thesurface of a young continental geo-syncline. At the end of the middle Pliocene period the sub-mountainous relief of the Caucasus Ridge consisted primarily of low mountains and hills in the areawhere the Alazani Plain is located today. This relief experienced tectonic subsidence in the upperPliocene; a process that continues today. Due to this subsidence, the mountainous-hilly relief hasbeen eroded; its base subsided and was covered by a thick layer of sediments.

Geo Hazards

The territory is considered an active seismic zone. The seismic rating of the region is "nine" (9) on theMKS scale (Map of Seismic Hazard Assessment of Georgia, 2006). Sudden floods (flash floods) mayoccur, during heavy rains especially in summer I autumn or intense snow and ice melting on the KabaliRiver (Department of Monitoring and Prognosis, 2005).

SoilsVarious soil types are found in different parts of the Kakheti region due to differences in physical,geographical, and climate conditions. On the left bank of the Alazani River sandy, alluvial and non-calcareous soils are most common. On the lowest strip of the first upper terrace near the Alazani Riverflood plain primarily meadow, alluvial, and carbonate soils swampy in some locations are presentForest-meadow, alluvial and non-calcareous soils predominate also in the vast areas of the left bank.Toward the mountain strip these soils gradually change into forest brown soils (Map of Soil Types ofGeorgia, 1999).

ClimateThe climatic factors of the Kabali River Basin are determined by the distance from the Black Sea andits orographical conditions. The annual average temperature is 12.60 Celsius. The absolute maximumair temperature is 380 while the absolute minimum point is - 230. The total annual precipitationaverages 1076 millimeters with an average wind speed of 11 meters per second (LagodekhiMeteorological Station).

HydrologyThe source of the Kabali River is located on the Southern slope of the Caucasian Range at the heightof 2720. The length of the Kabali River is 48 km, the total drop is 2500 m, the catchments basin area is291 kM2, and the average depth is 850 m.

The Kabali River water regime is characterized with floods in spring, flash floods in autumn andsummer, unsuitable low water levels in summer and stable low water periods in winter. The averageannual discharge rates of the Kabali River are given in Table 1 below (Department ofHydrometeorology of Georgia).

30

Table 1: The Average Annual Discharge of the River Kabali m3 /sec

Section Fkm 2 Hav Hmm Qm3/sec Cv Cs Provision p %Av 25 50 75 80 90 95

73.9 1625 1360 3.18 028 056 3.72 3.09 2.54 2.42 2.11 1.88Design

Vegetation

The village of Kabali is about 20 kilometers from the Lagodekhi Reserve (Map of Protected Areas,WWF, 2005). A large, almost pristine forest area is found in the Lagodekhi district, along with smalland isolated patches of degraded flood plain forests. The following plant species are found in the floodplain forest: oak (Quercus pedunculiflora), elm (Ulmus foliacea), poplar (Populus canescens andPopulus nigra), willow (Salix excelsa), and others.

In the upper part of the district near the village of Kabali, the following plant species are present: oak(Querpus pedunculifora), hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), lime (Tiliacaucasica), and maple (Acer campestre). The sub-forest area is formed by the following species:privet (Ligustrum vulgare), medlar (Mespilus germanica), dogwood (Comus mas), hazel (Corylusavellana), etc.

Ground flora is species-poor and consists of several grass species including tor grass (Brachypodiumsylvaticum), fescue (Festuca gigantean), and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) with a mixture ofsome widespread taxa such as creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans), goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea),and others.

The following species found in the vinicintiy of the village are listed in Georgia's Red Book: ivy (Hederapastuchowi,), oak (Quercus pedunculiflora) and wild vine grape (Vitis sylvestris). The endemic herbspecie of Georgian woundwort (Gallantus lagodechianus) (CITES list) is found in the vicinities of thevillage of Kabali.

Mammals

The following species were reported in the area: wild cat (Felis silvestris), pine marten (MartesMartes), fox (Vulpes vulpes), jackal (Canis aureus), bear (Ursus arctos, Red Book of Georgia, NationalCategory-Endangered), badger (Meles meles), forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula), mouse(Apodemus ponticus, Apodemus fulvipectus, Apodemus uralensis), and others.

The following species found in the area are included in the IUCN list of rare and endangered species:greater horseshoes (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), little horseshoe (Rhinolophus hipposideros), lessernoctule (Nyctalus leislen), Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus), otter (Lutra lutra), and lynx (Lynxlynx, Red Book of Georgia National category-Critically endangered).

Avifauna

From spring to autumn, the area surrounding the Lagodekhi district and specifically the Alazani FloodPlain, serves as a corridor for migratory birds, providing resting grounds and feeding grounds for thesemigratory groups. However, the presence of the migratory species was not confirmed near the villageof Kabali (Map of Alazani Flood Plain Birds, 2005). Syrian woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus) isfound in the vicinity of the village and is listed in the Red Book of Georgia. Its nesting period is in April(Jordania R, Boeme B, 1999).

ReDtiles

According to the available literature, the following were reported species within the Lagodekhi district:snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates), European glass lizard (Ophisaurus apodus), slow worm(Anguis fragilis), lizard (Lacerta strigata), etc. The following amphibians inhabit the area: frog (Ranaridibunda and Hyla arborea) and toad (Bufo viridis) (Alazani Flood Plain Forest Management Plan,2005).

31

Fish

The following fish species were reported in the Kabali River: trout (Salmo fario, Red Book of Georgia,Statute-Vulnerable) and silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) (Elanidze, 1988). Spawningperiods for major fish species found in the river are noted in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Kabali River Fish Spawning Periods

Fish Spawning Period

Silver Bream May-JuneTrout September-October


Population and Settlements

The community (sakrebulo) of Kabali consists of the following villages: Kabali, Karajala, Uzuntala, andGanjala. At present, 3,289 households and 10,797 persons are registered in the community. Thepopulation rate is 12% higher than it was in 1989. Almost 100% of the community's population is AzeriMuslims. The community also has six Russians, two Georgians, two Lezgins, and one Armenian(Jemal Almazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

Land Use

The total community area equals to 2,373 hectares. The community land is either privately owned(47%) or leased. 1,633 hectares are arable lands, and 153 hectares are pastures. The community has4,293 cattle heads of which 14,972 are sheep, goats and horses, and 17,110 are poultry (JemalAlmazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

Income and EmDlovment

Two percent (2%) of the population are wage employees, working for budgetary organizations, and47% are self-employed involved in selling agricultural products. The average monthly household cash-income is $25 (Jemal Almazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

Social Infrastructure

In the community there are one kindergarten and five schools.

The Kakheti Distribution Company supplies grid electricity to the local community. Electricity is fairlyreliable both in summer and winter periods. As alternative energy sources the local population useskerosene, candle and diesel fueled power generators. There is no centralized gas supply in thecommunity (Jemal Almazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

There is also no central water supply system in the community, and households must depend on localwells for water supply (Jemal Almazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

The duration of the local roads is 80 kilometers, of which seven kilometers are paved with asphalt.However, the surface of the paved segments is damaged, and the remaining 73 kilometers of the localroads are unpaved (Jemal Almazov, Kabali sakrebulo chairman).

Attitude towards rehabilitation of the hydropower Dlant

After the rehabilitation the Kabali SHP will supply electricity to seven villages and nearby smallenterprises. Employment is the most important benefit to be received from the operation of the Kabalismall hydro power plant.

32

ANNEX C. GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE KABALI SHP SITE

1. Foreword

In compliance with a Terms of Reference provided by the Rural Energy Program, the engineeringteam undertook to conduct visual inspection of the construction site of the hydroelectric powerplant on the river Kabali and revise the results of geotechnical investigation of the sameconstruction site carried out by the Georgian Office of the Association of Energy Engineers in2002.

The group of independent engineers has conducted geotechnical investigation of the Kabali SHPrehabilitation area and the revetment on the Kabali River. Particle-size analysis of water samplesfrom the rehabilitation area and the riverbed was carried out on the spot.

2. Geological and Hydrological FeaturesThe study area is constituted by Kimeridgian and Titonic layers of the upper Jurassic covered bylate Quaternary sediments.

Petrographically, the Malm layers are represented by clay shale of Mestia-Tianeti zone, breccia,argillite, gravelite, and sandstone turbidites with flysch inclusions.The Quaternary structures are composed of delluvial, prolluvial and alluvial sediments. The studyarea is formed by boulders with loamy sand matrix of alluvial genesis, broken stone and cobbles.The Kabali River originates from the junction of mountain springs on the southern slopes of theCaucasus Range at the height of 2720 m. It flows into the Alazani River from the left side 3 kmnorthward of the Eriskari Village.

The Kabali's length is 48 km; total gradient - 2500 m; average slope - 52.1 %; catchment area -391 km2. The mountainous part of the catchment is constituted by sandstone, limestone and clayshale. The soil is represented by forest brown soil type. The area between the 2000 th and 2200thmeters is covered with alpine meadows and about 65% of the catchment area is covered withforests.

Presence of fresh water in alluvial soil is characteristic of hydro geological conditions of the area.Groundwater occurrence depth in the investigated area ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 m.The Kabali River regime is characterized by floods in spring, unstable low level of water in summer,stable low level of water in winter and high level of water in autumn. During summer and autumnfloods caused by rainfalls, water sometimes rises higher than during spring floods. For instance, onAugust 18 , 1955, flood caused by a heavy rainfall damaged the Kabali HPP pressure pipeline andagricultural lands.

Construction of the Kabali SHP low-head weir will cause the changes in the flow regime in thedownstream of the weir, and will have impact on the Kabali river geomorphology.The river is studied insufficiently in hydrological sense; therefore its average annual discharge wasdefined using a method given in "Water Balance of Georgia" monograph. Average annualdischarges of the Kabali River have been calculated using the distribution curve parameters and thecoordinates of three-parameter distribution as given in table 1.

Table 1. Average Annual Discharges of the Kabali RiverH 2 - Qm/sec T Provision p%Section Fkm2 Hmm Cv Cs

ave. ave. 25 50 75 80 90 95

Design 1625 73.9 1360 3.18 0.28 0.56 3.72 3.09 2.54 2.42 2.11 1.88value{

33

3. Geotechnical Characteristic of the Rehabilitation Area

The study area includes the Kabali river floodplain and the adjacent 1 st terrace.

Two geotechnical elements (GE) have been identified in the study area:

GE-1: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; fine sand matrix - 30-35%.GE-2: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; dust sand matrix - 30-35%.

The SHP area surface is composed of well-rounded alluvial cobbles and gravel material. GE-1occurs down to 1.3m in the test pit #2, while GE-2 is bedded beneath it to the prospected depth of3.0m.

Two shallow test pits (0.5m) have been made to define particle-size distribution of soil (GE-1) in thefloodplain. The results of particle-size analysis (field and laboratory) of the soil from the test pits aswell as the particle-size distribution diagram are given in the tables 7, 8, 9 .

Table 2 shows composition of different grain sizes in the soil (example: D10 is a diameter up towhich all grains sizes constitute 10% of soil).

Table 2. Composition of Grain Sizes

Ds Die D16 D36 Dso Deo D66 D84 Deo U(D60/DlO)

GE-1 0.032 0.064 0.150 2.36 6.09 16.72 27.70 114.60 195.38 261

Estimated value of modulus of deformation under load (P=0.1-0.2 MPa) makes up: 45 MPa for GE-1 and 43 MPa for GE-2.

Strength parameters (angle of internal friction and cohesion): 440 and 0.011 MPa for GE-1 and 420and 0.016 MPa for GE-2.

GE-1 estimated soil resistance Ro makes up 6.0 0.1 MPa (Rules and Regulations - CHLfn2.02.01.83, Table 9).

GE-2 estimated soil resistance makes 5.0 0.1 MPa.

Based on their seismic characteristics the soils in the study area fall under the second category(CHL4n 11-7-81, Part 2, Article 7); the area belongs to 8-point seismic zone.

Results of laboratory examination of water samples are given in Tables 3, 4, 5. According to them,the water contains hydrogen carbonate, sulphate, and calcium. The water is colorless, odorlessand tasteless; its total hardness is 2.84 mg/ equivalent.

The water belongs to non-aggressive type (Tables 3, 4 and 5)

Table 3. Groundwater Chemical Testing - Laboratory Data

Content per 1 liter

Anions Cations

# ' PHD Dry S0- C+ g+ Na++K

residua HCO3 CL SCL c at Mg + P

mg-I 36.6 4.254 10 8.8 3.7 3.4

1 .- mg- 48.4 0.60 0.12 0.21 0.44 0.30 0.18 6.9°equiv.

% g64.6 12.93 22.43 47.32T 32.79 19.89

34

Table 4. Groundwater Aggressiveness to Structures

E Groundwater aggressivity to structures

_-. A i In soils Kf>0.lm/24h In soils Kf<0.1m/24h

z 'a c Aggressiveness:z.- Concrete grade per permeabilityE

C) W4 W6 W8 W4 W6 W8

Bicarbonate No No No No No Nohardness mg_eq/l

Hydrogen ion No No No No No No

Aggressive carbondioxide content, No Nomg/l

Magnesia salt No No No No No Nocontent, mg/l

Ammonia saltcontent, mg/l

1 kabali 0.00 High alkalinity No No No No No Nocontent, mg/l No No No No_ No

Sulfates for concrete

Portland cement Noo No o No o(rOCT10178-76) No No No No No No

Portland blast-furnace (slag) No No No No No Nocement

Sulfate-resistant No No No No No Nocement

Table 5. Water Aggressiveness on Metal

E Water aggressiveness impact onreinforced concrete metal parts

mL Soil aggressiveness too x hydrocarbon steel, below

z groundwater level withE. If periodically infiltration rate >0.1 m/24hEc If in water subject

to water

1 Kabali 0.00 No feebly Feebly

4. Geotechnical Characteristic of Revetment Construction Site

A lengthwise test pit allowed examining litho logic section along the Kabali bank. Two identicalgeotechnical elements were found in the headwork area and in the revetment construction site.

GE-1: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; fine sand matrix - 30-35%.GE-2: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; dust sand matrix - 30-35%.

The SHP area surface consists of well-rounded alluvial cobbles and gravel material.

The identity of soils and groundwater in both areas conditioned identical physical and mechanicalcharacteristics. Design parameters for both GEs are given in Table 6.

35

Table 6. Design Parameters of Geotechnical Elements

a)

5. CocuinsadRcmmnain

U) a-

cor~ 0.0

>- c- 20-25% b -co Co a

GE-2: ~ ~ cobeCu5-0;gael C 02%;budr -1% dus sadmtiU 03%

Li - LI)o E ) -~a a~ea) x)t0 Z E

'.-a a C I a) ELU C-C:( .09 0

06 0 U_)U) F

poe-ln enbe fre flo ofwtr

reitee on =h std area.

-M 0U) E0

fo an 0 o E.9 E U)i

1 6B-111 11 1:0.5 1:1 2.00 45 44 0.011 6

2 6B-111 11 1:0.5 1:1 1.95 43 42 0.016 5

5. Conclusions and Recommendations

1. Two geotechnical elements (GE) have been identified in both study areas by means ofgeotechnical investigation and laboratory analysis:GE-I: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; fine sand matrix - 30-35%.GE-2: cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; dust sand matrix - 30-35%.

The study shows that the floodplain is suitable for construction of the headwork for reception ofrequired volumes of water and the hypsometric curve in the area from the headwork to thepower-plant enables free flow of water.

2. No hazardous geological processes able to hinder operation of the facility have beenregistered on the study area.

3. Water of the river Kabali and the groundwater belongs to non-aggressive and not dangerousfor any type of concrete.

4. It is necessary to conduct adequate bank protection in catchement area to protect theheadwork and the line structure from future erosion. For this reason, we recommend followingactions: a) maintenance of riparian vegetation; b) extract coarse materials from the riverbed andc) us,e sediment trapping devices.

5. To reduce changes in the river geomorphology due to the construction of the low head weir, itis recommended to maintain minimum ecological river flow. According to the callculations doneby the hydrometeological department, ecological-sanitary flow of average 10% long-term waterdischarge (norm) in the Kabali River is equal to Qsan=0.30 M3/sec;

7. Geological engineer's presence during the Kabali SHP construction is preferable to maketimely corrections in case of need.

36

Table 7. Particle Size Distribution (Sieving) - Sample I

SOIL DESCRIPTION: Sample no. 1

Cobbles - 35-40%; gravels - 20-25%; boulders - 10%; sand matrix - 30-35%. Depth, m 0.50

TEST METHOD: BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 : 9.3 Date 09,03,2007

Initial dry mass ml 93560.0 g

Mass retained gBS test sieve Percentage Cumulative percentage

actual corrected, retained passingm

400 mm - - 100.00

200 mm 7404.4 7404.4 8.65 91.35

120 mm 3971.8 3971.8 4.64 86.71100 mm 5230.2 5230.2 6.11 80.6075 mm 3620.9 3620.9 4.23 76.3763 mm 2970.3 2970.3 3.47 72.9050 mm 1241.2 1241.2 1.45 71.4537.5 mm 3518.2 3518.2 4.11 67.3428 mm 2850.5 2850.5 3.33 64.0120 mm 3638.0 3638.0 4.25 59.76

Passing 20 mm m2 51154.6

total (check with mi) 85600.0

riffled M3 2000.0

riffled and washed m4correction factor Ml 25.58

14 mm 78.7 2013.1 2.65 57.1110 mm 100.4 2567.6 3.38 53.736.3 mm 128.0 3274.1 4.31 49.42

Passing 6.3 mm m5 1692.9

total (check with M4) 2000.0

riffled m6 200.0

37

Correction factor 216.50

5 mm 17.1 3706.2 4.23 45.19

3.35 mm 27.8 6019.2 6.87 38.32

2 mm 32.2 6965.5 7.95 30.37

1.18 mm 5.3 1147.8 1.31 29.06

600 mm 18.5 4012.8 4.58 24.48

425 mm 11.5 2488.3 2.84 21.64

300 mm 6.3 1366.8 1.56 20.08

250 mm 14.0 3040.3 3.47 16.61

150 mm 5.4 1174.1 1.34 15.27

63 mm 26.2 5668.8 6.47 8.80

Passing 63 mm mF or mE 35.6 7710.2 8.80 %

Total (check with m6) 200.0 43299.8 100.00 %

38

Table 8. Particle Size Distribution (Sieving) - Sample 2SOIL DESCRIPTION: Sample no. 2


TEST METHOD: BS 1377: Part 2: 1990: 9.3 Date 09,03,2007Initial dry mass mi 93560.0 g

Mass retained g Percentage Cumulative percentageBS test sieve corrected, retained passing

m400 mm - - 100.00

200 mm 6933.0 6933.0 8.65 91.35120 mm 3719.0 3719.0 4.64 86.71100 mm 4897.2 4897.2 6.11 80.6075 mm 3390.3 3390.3 4.23 76.3763 mm 2781.2 2781.2 3.47 72.9050 mm 1162.2 1162.2 1.45 71.4537.5 mm 3294.2 3294.2 4.11 67.3428 mm 2669.0 2669.0 3.33 64.0120 mm 3406.4 3406.4 4.25 59.76

Passing 20 mm m2 47897.6total (check with mi) 80150.0

riffled m3 2000.0riffled and washed M4

Correction factor M2 23.95

14 mm 78.7 1884.9 2.65 57.1110mm 100.4 2404.1 3.38 53.736.3 mm 128.0 3065.6 4.31 49.42

Passing 6.3 mm ms 1692.9total (check with M4) 2000.0

riffled m6 200.0

39

Correction factor [2 x 202.71

5 mm 17.1 3470.2 4.23 45.19

3.35 mm 27.8 5636.0 6.87 38.32

2 mm 32.2 6522.0 7.95 30.37

1.18 mm 5.3 1074.7 1.31 29.06

600 mm 18.5 3757.3 4.58 24.48

425 mm 11.5 2329.9 2.84 21.64

300 mm 6.3 1279.8 1.56 20.08

250 mm 14.0 2846.7 3.47 16.61

150 mm 5.4 1099.3 1.34 15.27

63 mm 26.2 5307.8 6.47 8.80



40

Table 10. Particle Size Distribution (Sieving) - Sample 3SOIL DESCRIPTION: Sample no. 3


TEST METHOD: BS 1377: Part 2: 1990: 9.3 Date 09,03,2007

Initial dry mass ml 93560.0 g

Mass retained gBS test sieve Percentage Cumulative percentageactual corrected, retained passing

m400 mm - - 100.00

200 mm 7283.3 7283.3 8.65 91.35120 mm 3906.9 3906.9 4.64 86.71100 mm 5144.6 5144.6 6.11 80.6075 mm 3561.7 3561.7 4.23 76.3763 mm 2921.7 2921.7 3.47 72.9050 mm 1220.9 1220.9 1.45 71.4537.5 mm 3460.6 3460.6 4.11 67.3428 mm 2803.9 2803.9 3.33 64.0120 mm 3578.5 3578.5 4.25 59.76

Passing 20 mm m2 50317.9

total (check with m1) 84200.0

riffled m3 2000.0

riffled and washed M4

Correction factor ml 25.16

14 mm 78.7 1980.1 2.65 57.1110 mm 100.4 2525.6 3.38 53.736.3 mm 128.0 3220.5 4.31 49.42

Passing 6.3 mm m5 1692.9

total (check with m4) 2000.0

riffled m6 200.0

41

Correction factor ( Ml(MI MI)212.96

5 mm 17.1 3645.5 4.23 45.19

3.35 mm 27.8 5920.8 6.87 38.32

2 mm 32.2 6851.5 7.95 30.37

1.18 mm 5.3 1129.0 1.31 29.06

600 mm 18.5 3947.2 4.58 24.48

425 mm 11.5 2447.6 2.84 21.64

300 mm 6.3 1344.5 1.56 20.08

250 mm 14.0 2990.6 3.47 16.61

150 mm 5.4 1154.9 1.34 15.27

63 mm 26.2 5576.0 6.47 8.80



42

Documents

World Bank Document€¦ · management plan for each project is based on a specific environmental review conducted at each project site. The review process was designed to specify