World Bank Document of The World Bank FOR ... National Agricultural Research Center NSC - National Seed Committee ... whose current project, which is due to terminate in June

Document of

The World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ¶ 9 M Y

Report Vo. 3242-PAK

PAKI STAN

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

OF THE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

April 1, 1981

South Asia Projects DepartmentEducation and Agricultural Institutions Division

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance oftheir official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENT

US$1 = Pakistan Rupees 9.9

FISCAL YEAR

July 1 - June 30

ABBREVIATIONS

AARI - Ayub Agricultural Research InstituteAED - Agricultural Engineering DivisionAERU - Agricultural Economics Research UnitARD - Agricultural Research DivisionCDRI - Cereal Diseases Research InstituteCDWP - Central Development Working PartyCEU - Civil Engineering Unit

CGRS - Contractual Research Grant SchemeCIDA - Canadian International Development AgencyCIMMYT - International Maize and Wheat Improvement CenterCIP - International Potato CenterEAD - Economic Affairs DivisionECNEC - Executive Committee of the National Economic CouncilFAO/CP - Food and Agriculture Organization/Cooperative ProgramFMS - Financial Management ServicesGDP - Gross Domestic Product

GOP - Government of Pakistan

ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasIDA - International Development AssociationIRRI - International Rice Research InstituteMEB - Member Executive Board

MINFA - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and CooperativesNARC - National Agricultural Research CenterNSC - National Seed Committee

NWFP - North West Frontier ProvincePARC - Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilPCCC - Pakistan Central Cotton CommitteePFI - Pakistan Forestry InstitutePIU - Project Implementation UnitTOR - Terms of Reference

UAF - University of Agriculture, FaisalabadUGC - University Grants CommissionUSAID - United States Agency for International DevelopmentWAPDA - Water and Power Development Authority

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

PA_ISTAN


Table of Contents

Page No.

I. BACKGROUND ................... .o ............... . ... 1

Project Genesis ....................... e..e..*. .********** 1Agriculture in Pakistan ............................ 1

II. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN PAKISTAN ........................ 4A. Background ....... ...................... 4

Government Policies and Agricultural Research , 4B. Research Infrastructure ....... 6

Federal Agricultural Research Institutions. 6The Provincial Agricultur al Research Insti tutions 9Other Agricultural Research Institutions 11Training in Agricultural Research .... ................ 11International Support for Agricultural Research ...... 12

C. On-going Research Programs ........................... 12Achievements and Potential ..... ...................... 16Linkages Between Research, and Extension ............. . 17

D. Problems and Constraints ....... *.......... ............ 18

III. THE PROJECT .Z.. ....................... 20A. Objectives ................... 20

B. General Description . . ...................... . 20C. Project Components ... . ...................... . 22

D. Detailed Features ........................... .23

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council ............... 23National Agricultural Research Center ................ 25

Contractual Research Grant Scheme (CRGS) .... ......... 29Agricultural Economics Research .................... 30Manpowet Development e............................... 31Technical Assistance ......................... . ... 32

Mid-Term Review .............. .. . 32

IV. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING ............................. 32

A. Cost Estimates ....................................... 32

B. Proposed Financing .. ................................. 35

Procurement and Disbursement .. ............... 35Accounts and Audit .. , . .. ...... .... 36

Impact on Government Budget Funding ............. ..... 37

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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Table of Contents (Continued) Page No.

V. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ....... ....................... 37The Project Implementation Unit ...... .................... 38Supervision of Construction .................. ............ 38Procurement .............................................. 38Training and Technical Assistance Support ................ 38Secretariat and Chairman's Office ................. ....... 39Financial Management Services ............................ 39Contractual Research Grant Scheme ...... .................. 39Agricultural Economics Research Units .................... 40PARC Support Services ........... ......................... 40Training ................................................. 40Technical Assistance ....................... .................... 41Monitoring and Evaluation ............................. 42

VI. BENEFITS, JUSTIFICATION AND RISKS ........................ 43Benefits ............. ............................ 43Institutional Impact ........................ o............. 44Risks .............................................. 44

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 44

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Table of Contents (Continued)

ANNEXES

1 Major Recommendations from Agricultural Research Subsector Review2 Staff of Agricultural Research Establishments3 Key Staff Vacancies to be Filled by GOP at PARC

4 PARC Accounting Procedures5 Procedures for Overseas Training6 Guidelines for the Preparation and Approval of Research Subprojects7 Estimated IDA Disbursements8 Implementation Schedule9 Project Costs and Charts

Table 1 - Summary of Project CostsTable 2 - PARC AdministrationTable 3 - Station Development - NARCTable 4 - PARC Research Information UnitTable 5 - Laboratory Equipment Maintenance and Repair Unit - PARCTable 6 - Civil Engineering UnitTable 7 - Plant Sciences NARCTable 8 - Animal Sciences - NARCTable 9 - Cereal Diseases Research InstituteTable 10 - Oilseed Division - NARCTable 11 - Plant Introduction/Genetic Resources Division - NARCTable 12 - Agricultural Engineering Division. - NARCTable 13 - Extension Methodology ResearchTable 14 - Unit Cost of Agricultural Economics Research Units

(AERU) SalariesTable 15 - Agricultural Economics Research Unit - NARCTable 16 - Agricultural Economics Research Unit - FaisalabadTable 17 - Agricultural Economics Research Unit - TarnabTable 18 - Agricultural Economics Research Unit - SariabTable 19 - Agricultural Economics Research Unit - TandojamTable 20 - Training and Technical AssistanceTable 21 - Fellowships and Short Term TrainingTable 22 - Technical Assistance

Chart 22379 Proposed Organization for Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council

Chart 22380 Organization Chart - Proposed PARC FinancialManagement Services

10 List of Materials Available in Project File

MAP

IBRD 15488

PAKISTAN


I. BACKGROUND

Project Genesis

1.01 The World Bank Agriculture Sector Review 1/ of January 1976 iden-tified increased investment in agricultural research in Pakistan as a keyrequirement for improving agricultural productivity. Several agriculturalresearch projects have been prepared and are being supported by various aidagencies (paras. 2.32 and 2.33) notably USAID, whose current project, whichis due to terminate in June 1981, was implemented by Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council (PARC), the premier federal agricultural research organiza-tion.

1.02 In early 1979, recognizing the need to maintairL the momentum ofagricultural research development, Government of Pakistan (GOP) requested IBRDand USAID to organize an international team to review thet agricultural researchsubsector. The subsequent report 2/ identified continuing problems in organi-zation, management and execution of agricultural research in Pakistan andprovided a list of recommendations (Annex 1) for further improvements andadditions to the research programs. The project appraised in this report isan outcome of these recommendations.

1.03 The project was prepared by PARC with assistance from FAO/CP. Thisreport is based on the findings of an appraisal mission consisting of A.J.Pritchard, M. Artaza, S. O'Humay and P.J. Brumby (IDA), and P. Thresher (FAO/CP)that visited Pakistan in September/October 1980.

Agriculture in Pakistan

1.04 Pakistan consists of four provinces (Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan andNorth West Frontier Province (NWFP)) and several federally administered areas.The total area of the country is about 79 M ha but because of the mainly aridor semi-arid climate only about 19 M ha are cultivated. Of this area, about6 M ha, mainly in the north and northwest, are farmed under rainfed farmingsystems and 13 M ha are irrigated from a 64,000 km network of canals and179,000 tubewells. There are only about 3 M ha of exploitable forest.The population of about 80 M is largely concentrated in the Indus RiverIrrigation System and is growing at an annual rate of about 3%. Pakistan isone of the poorest countries in the world with a current annual per capitaincome estimated at US$270, but income for the smaller farmers averages onlyabout US$200 per annum.

1/ Pakistan Special Agriculture Sector Review, 922a-PAK, January 28, 1976.

2/ Agricultural Research Subsector Review, 2691-PAK, May 21, 1980.

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1.05 About 70% of farmers cultivate holdings of less than 5.0 ha (thearea calculated as necessary for subsistence by irrigated farming inPakistan 1/) and 40% of holdings are less than 3.0 ha. The farms under 3.0 haoccupy only 12% of available cropping area and in the past their needs havebeen neglected; the major benefits of improved technology going to the largerfarmers. Sixty percent of farmers rent all or part of their land, mostly on ashare cropping basis. The major crops are wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcanewhich are sown on 61% of the cropped area. Fodder crops are also importantand occupy a further 12%. The small landowners own most of the livestockwhich provide milk, meat and 90% of draft power for land cultivation. Thedemands for meat and milk outpace supplies and this has led to a number ofofficial "meatless" days each week, and increasing imports of milk and milkproducts which now cost about US$50 M each year.

1.06 Agriculture is the mainstay of Pakistan's economy. It accountsfor about 30% of Pakistan's GDP, employs about 55% of the total labor forceof 23.0 M, and directly or indirectly provides 70% of the country's exports,principally rice and cotton. Arable crops provide 69%, livestock 28% andfishing and forestry 3% of agricultural GDP. Irrigated areas are the origin

of 90% of farm output. The complex irrigation system based on the Indus riverconstitutes the largest integrated irrigation system in the world .

1.07 Agricultural growth in Pakistan during the 1960s averaged almost 6%per year, mainly due to the introduction of high-yielding varieties of riceand wheat, increased use of chemical fertilizer and increased supplies ofirrigation water through public and private tubewells. During the first sevenyears of the 1970s, agriculture's growth at about 1.5% per annum failed tokeep pace with the growth of population; but during the last three yearsgrowth performance has been encouraging: value added in agriculture increasedby 2.5% in FY1978, 4.2% in FY1979 and about 6.2% in FY1980. Reasonably goodcotton crops in two out of the last three years, a recovery in wheat in FY1979following rust attacks in the preceding year, and consistently good rice har-vests have contributed to the recent growth in agricultural output. Thegrowth has occurred despite low production of animal products, poor sugarcanecrops during FY1979 and FY1980 and low output of edible oils. Edible oilimports have increased sharply and are now a substantial burden on the balanceof payments.

1.08 In part, the recent growth in agricultural output represents arebound from depressed crops in the case of cotton and wheat, and in partthe effects of continued acreage expansion, particularly in rice and wheat.The acreage under rice increased by 15% between FY1977 and FY1979 and underwheat by 5% over the same period. There was also a modest improvement inper-hectare yields of some crops. While per-hectare yields in wheat rosesharply in FY1979 over the depressed level of the previous year, the improve-ment over the more normal level of FY1977 was 3%, and in rice about 4%. Per-hectare yields in cotton have been erratic from year to year, and do notproNide a clear trend, while per-hectare yields in sugarcane have declined.

1/ This area would be smaller if the land were more efficiently utilized.Present cropping intensity is 100% in irrigated and 70% in dryland areas.

The recent increases in agricultural output thus do not represent a majorbreakthrough from the problems of low productivity constraining Pakistan'sagriculture.

1.09 It is a matter of grave concern to GOP that in spite of its agricul-tural resources, the nation is frequently not self-sufficient in wheat, sugar,vegetable oil and milk products. Production is well below achievable levelsconsidering the good soils, favorable climate and availability of irrigationwater. An objective of GOP's Fifth Five-Year Developmenlt Plan (1978-83) isa 6% annual growth rate for agriculture. Some growth in livestock productionis expected, but major emphasis under the plan will be directed to crops andincreased yield. This will, in part, depend on increasing availability anduse of water, drainage, fertilizer and other inputs; improving land tenuresystems so as to reduce sharecropping; setting farmgate prices at levels whichencourage production; and improving flood control, but it will also depend onimproving extension services and the technology of agricultural production.Better techniques are needed for dealing with pressing problems, such assoil salinity, water loss from irrigation channels, insect attacks and plantdiseases. These techniques can be generated through an agricultural researchsystem that is effectively integrated to obtain nationwide results.

1.10 Bank staff have been working with GOP for some time to develop adetailed program of reform in the agricultural and water sectors, leading toa revised sector investment strategy. A "Revised Action Program for IrrigatedAgriculture", the outcome of a three-year study financed by UNDP, for whichthe Bank was Executing Agency, was completed in mid-1979. The study has high-lighted the past deficiencies in government agriculturaL policies and proposeda revised strategy designed, within the context of continuing resource con-straints, to release existing resources for higher priority purposes andgenerating new resources through quick-yielding investments. The recommenda-tions of the UNDP study can be grouped into three major categories: (a)adjustment of pricing and subsidy policies, to reflect real resource costsmore accurately; (b) management policies to enable the transfer of responsi-bility to the private sector for appropriate operations and facilities now inthe public sector's domain; and (c) revised investment policies to facilitatequick returns and complement the major irrigation facilities already providedrather than create new infrastructural facilities or extend the irrigatedarea. The report emphasizes agricultural and water management extensionservices, agricultural research, seed certification, animal husbandry and theprovision of appropriate rural infrastructure. The Government of Pakistan hasaccepted the principal conclusions of the UNDP study and initial steps havebeen taken to implement some of its major recommendations, including improvedinstitutional coordination between irrigation and agriculture and increasedemphasis on the importance of improving water management, extension, credit,research and seed supply. A start has also been made in reducing inputsubsidies, notably on fertilizers and pesticides and adjusting support pricesto maintain farmer incentives. Under the Fertilizer Imports Credit (1066-PAK)signed in October 1980, the Government has agreed to continue this policy withthe aim of eliminating the fertilizer subsidy by 1985. An Agricultural PricesCommission has been established to carry out pricing reviews and to recommendappropriate adjustment.

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II AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN PAKISTAN

A. Background

2.01 The agricultural research system in Pakistan is complex. Research,high-level agricultural manpower training, planning and coordination areresponsibilities of the Federal Government, but under the Constitution,responsibility for agriculture has been delegated to the Provinces. Theresult has been that most agricultural research which is applied or adaptiveby nature, is controlled by the provinces, while responsibility for basic andlong-term research (including most forestry research) has remained with thefederal government. The position is further complicated by the fact thatresponsibility for agricultural research on a national basis is distributedamong several ministries and semi-autonomous institutions, such as the Minis-try of Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives (MINFA), Ministry of Water andPower, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Education, Atomic Energy Commission,etc. Currently, the two agricultural universities and about 60 separateresearch and academic institutions scattered throughout Pakistan conductresearch in isolation and there is little cooperation between them.

2.02 Public budgetary allocation for federal and provincial agriculturalresearch in 1978/79 was about Rs 277 M or 0.5% of the agricultural contribu-tion to GDP. In more industrialized nations, and in India this figure iscloser to 1.5%. According to the World Bank policy paper on agriculturalresearch systems in countries where agriculture is the key economic sector,an expenditure of 2% of agricultural GDP on research is appropriate. 1/

Government Policies and Agricultural Research

2.03 The revised Fifth Plan (1978-83) stresses accelerated agriculturalgrowth, self-sufficiency in foodgrains, and expanded revenues from agricul-tural exports. The plan calls for an integrated effort to achieve itsaims, implying better coordination and cooperation between departments andagencies within the agricultural sector, both at federal and provinciallevels. It will also require a major strengthening of agricultural researchservices.

2.04 GOP recognizes a dual role for PARC. First, responsibility forcoordinating research and for keeping agricultural research programs inline with the country's economic and social development policies. Second,initiating and conducting basic research and developing new research inpriority areas not adequately covered under the existing research programs.

2.05 PARC is preparing a National Agricultural Research Plan which willidentify research to be conducted in terms of national needs. At present,however, there is no procedure by which government policies can be translated

1/ Agricultural Research Systems - Sector Policy Paper, April 18, 1980,p. 27.

into research topics and priorities allocated between research programs com-peting for scarce resources. A National Agricultural Policy paper 1/ hasbeen prepared by MINFA and using this and the recommendation of the inter-national review team PARC has been able to identify the following researchrequirements in terms of national objectives for the agricultural sector.

National Objective Research Requirement

1. Improvement in living standards On-farm meat and milk production.of small farmers.

Methods of increasing the areaunder irrigation. (Reduction ofwater loss and efficient on-farmwater management).

Designs for small tractors.

Methods for drilling fractionaltubewells.

2. Increase production of Production technology of oilseedcooking oil. crops.

Introduction of new oilseed crops.

3. Self-sufficiency in foodgrains. Rust resistance in wheat varieties.

Increased production from baraniand cooler regions.

4. Increased sugar production. Introduction of improved canevarieties.

New sugar crops for cooler regions.

5. Protection and use of watersheds Range management.and fragile environments.

Fodder production and grazingmanagement.

6. Reduction of milk imports. Improved cattle breeds (artificialinsemination).,

Reproduction in buffalo.

Production of fodder crops.

1/ National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Coop-eratives, GOP, February 1980.

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National Objective Research Requirement

7. Increased meat supplies. Animal nutrition and production offeeds from locally available sources(crop residues).

Animal health.

8. Improved human nutrition. Production technology of pulses.

Horticultural crops.

9. Control of salinity. New resistant varieties of crops.

Cropping systems.

10. Use of improved seeds. National testing for varieties andseeds.

11. Reduced fertilizer subsidy. Optimum use of fertilizer.

12. Meat exports. Beef from aged animals.Fisheries.Poultry.

13. Increase in agricultural pro- Methodology of agricultural extension.duction per unit of land.

Plant introduction.

Constraints to production and toacceptance of improved technology.

B. Research Infrastructure

Federal Agricultural Research Institutions

2.06 The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) evolved from theIndian Council of Agricultural Research, first, as the Food and AgricultureCouncil of Pakistan, then in 1964, as the Agricultural Research Council, andfinally as PARC in 1978. As constituted in 1978, PARC is an autonomous body,which works in close coordination with MINFA, Provincial Agricultural Depart-ments, Agricultural Research Institutes and the Agricultural Universities.The Minister for Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives is the President of theCouncil which serves as the governing board of PARC. The operations of PARCare coatrolled by an Executive Board, consisting of a chairman and four full-time members, representing plant sciences, animal sciencies, social sciencesand finance. Each full-time member is responsible for a cadre of researchmanagement staff responsible for the organization and coordination of researchon individual commodities or production factors, including national coordinatedprojects (para. 2.12). These staff include so-called research coordinators,

a title which has caused some confusion as it was previously used as aguous designation for leading scientists; often Directors of Institutes. Inthe present context, research coordinator are full-time employees of P. sCresponsible for formulating, evaluating and assigning research programs.

2.07 Finances for PARC are provided as follows:

(a) Funds collected by the Customs Department as a cess onspecified agricultural exports (Rs 16.8 M in FY1979/80);

(b) Regular budgetary allocation of funds from the FederalGovernment (Rs 47.0 M in FY1979/80--including Rs 34.7 Mfor the ongoing USAID project);

(c) PL 480 funds provided by the US Department of Agriculture(USDA) (Rs 11.1 M in FY1979/80); and

(d) Other sources for development, primarily Ford Foundationand USAID (Rs 0.8 M in FY1979/80).

In 1978/79, PARC's total allocation of funds for all operations including theNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC) (para 2.13) was Rs 64 M. Thisrose to Rs 75 M in 1979/80 and is scheduled to be Rs 105 M in 1980/81. Since1978/79, PARC has utilized about 75% of funds allocated.

2.08 A new PARC ordinance has been approved which when fully implementedwill provide greater functional autonomy, new career and salary structures forPARC employees and increased financial resources for the Council (para. 3.05).The new ordinance defines the functions of PARC as follows:

"The Council shall have the exclusive responsibility and powersto undertake, aid, promote and coordinate agricultural research;ensure the expeditious utilization of the research results;establish research establishments mainly to fill in the gaps inexisting program of agricultural research; arrange the trainingof high-level scientific manpower; generate, acquire and disse-minate information relating to agriculture; maintain liaisonwith the international organizations concerned with agriculturalresearch; establish and maintain a reference and research libraryand do all such other matters as are necessary or ancillary thereto."

2.09 PARC is an evolving institution. It has been the beneficiary of aUSAID research project, which when completed, will have provided 150 MSc andPhD training courses; long-term technical advisers in commodity research,campus planning and research management; 128 staff quarters in Islamabad; 12housing units, six laboratories and buildings for administration, documenta-tion, library, cafeteria, auditorium, training centers and hostel accommoda-tion at NARC; necessary laboratory equipment and agricultural machinery.

2.10 PARC has made significant progress in the development of proceduresto allow the efficient execution of its coordinating, monitoring and planningfunctions. Its organization and management is basically sound and the 30

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person council includes representatives from provincial Agricultural ResearchInstitutes and functions adequately as a policy setting and advisory body.The Executive Board is, however, too small for the demands made upon it andsome specific units need to be strengthened so that satisfactory support canbe offered to the provincial and other research institutions - especiallyfor information dissemination, training selection procedures and equipmentmaintenance.

2.11 PARC operates its own research institutes (para 2.13) satisfactorily,but insufficient resources have been made available for it to cater for allgaps in research that are apparent, for instance, oilseeds research.

2.12 In addition to its direct suport for research at its own institu-tions, PARC also operates collaborative and coordinated research projects.Funds provided through PARC to the Provinces for collaborative researchprograms (mostly involving GOP and USDA) serve to provide dedicated scientistswith the operating funds they need to tackle priority research problems. Atpresent, 90 such programs are under execution by 35 agencies. The coordinatedresearch projects which address national problems, provide cooperative plan-ning, coordinated resource allocation and leadership in execution of researchprograms. The projects so far financed by PARC cover wheat, barley, andtriticale; rice, maize, millet and sorghum; forage and fodder; oilseeds;vegetables; and potato. PARC has not always been able to fulfill its manage-ment and financial responsibilities either for the collaborative researchprograms or the coordinated research projects. Because of governmentalregulations there have been bureaucratic delays both in the allocation offunds and management decision making. The result has been incomplete utili-zation of available funds (para 2.07). These problems have been recentlyaddressed by GOP by the establishment of an Agricultural Research Division(ARD) in MINFA with Chairman PARC as its head. This acts as a secretariatto GOP and facilitates contacts and administrative arrangements between theprovinces and PARC. The new ordinance for PARC, will enable it to overcomeproblems of legal, financial and organizational interference from otherDepartments of Government which up to now have hindered agricultural researchcoordination and operational procedures.

2.13 PARC Institutes. PARC operates directly seven research institutions.Some, like the Cereal Diseases Research Institute (CDRI), Vertebrate PestControl Center and the Federal Pesticides Laboratory are well established.Others, such as the Arid Zone Research Institute, are presently in the processof being established. The National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) islocated on a 560 ha site near Islamabad, and will be developed into thepremier national center for research in plant and animal production. Itwill function as the principal operational arm of PARC and conduct basic andapplied research on topics of national importance, particularly those requiringliaison and collaboration with foreign and international institutes. No acti-vities will be developed which are more appropriately the concern of existingstations. Present plans emphasize water management, plant protection, plantintroduction, livestock and poultry improvement, agricultural machinery designand development, and socio-economic aspects of agricultural production. Evenwhen the USAID project is completed (para 2.09), NARC will need additionalfarm development, laboratories, animal houses, and residential buildingsbefore it can become fully operational.

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2.14 Other Federal Agricultural Research Institutions. Pakistan CentralCotton Committee (PCCC) is an autonomous body under the administrative controlof MINFA. It is independent of PARC. The Minister of Agriculture is Presidentof PCCC and its full time vice-president has the status of Additional Secretaryto GOP. PCCC is responsible for research and development in the growing,manufacturing and marketing of cotton in Pakistan and operates cotton researchinstitutes in Punjab and Sind (plus 13 stations, substations and testingcenters) and an industrial research institute at Karachi. PCCC is financedlargely by a cess collected on cotton exports; availability of funds there-fore varies from year to year depending on cotton production.

2.15 The Atomic Energy Agricultural Research Center (Tandojam), and theNuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) (Faisalabad) were estab-lished to study the application of nuclear techniques to agricultural andbiological research and a third is under construction in NWFP. The institutesare under the control of the Atomic Energy Commission and are graduallyextending their activities into areas of research not requiring the use ofradio isotopes and irradiation. The terms of reference under which theselaboratories were established provide for their eventual transfer to thenational system of agricultural research.

2.16 The Pakistan Forestry Institute (PFI) at Peshawar is adjacentto the university and enjoys a high degree of autonomy. It is supportedfinancially by MINFA and its Board of Governors is chaired by the ChiefSecretary of the NWFP government. Three research divisions study silviculture(which includes range management and economics), forest products and biologicalsciences. The education division offers forestry courses up to M.Sc. level tostudents from all provinces of Pakistan.

2.17 Agricultural research is also conducted by the following autonomousfederal institutions: Pakistan Science Foundation; Soil Survey of Pakistan;Department of Plant Protection; Pakistan Tobacco Board; Pakistan Council ofScientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR); Council for Irrigation, Drainageand Flood Control; and the Leather Board. The Water and Power DevelopmentAuthority supports agricultural research and development on the Mona Reclama-tion Project and the seven Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects.

The Provincial Agricultural Research Institutions

2.18 Each province has an agricultural research institute and substations,and some have commodity-oriented institutes. Punjab and Sind have agricul-tural universities, and NWFP has a faculty of agriculture as part of theprovincial university, all of which are involved in limited agriculturalresearch programs. The bulk of the research at the provincial institutionsconcentrates on plant breeding and with some exceptions (rice research atDokri, maize research at Pirsabek and research at some University Departments)tends to be routine repetitive work with little innovative research. Ingeneral, research projects which are discipline or activity oriented receivehigher priority than research on production oriented problems. Nevertheless,by functioning as channels through which new varieties and technology havebeen introduced from abroad, the provincial institutions have served theagricultural sector well. Increases in crop yields were obtained in spite of

the limitations of an inactive extension service. Future developments will

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depend on high quality research leadership; a factor which has been frequentlylacking due to the practice of promoting scientific staff by seniority ratherthan ability (para 2.71).

2.19 Punjab. The Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) evolvedfrom the Punjab Agricultural College and Research Institute now has 18 sub-stations. Six of its original sections have since attained institute status,although several of these are in a rudimentary state of development, e.g.Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad; Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku;Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yousafwala. The research needs of thelivestock industry are the responsibility of the Livestock Production Insti-tute, Bahadurnagar; Artificial Insemination Station, Qadirabad; and the

Veterinary Institute, Lahore which are agencies of the Punjab Livestock andDairy Development Department.

2.20 The University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) includes the Collegeof Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. It is supported by federal grants from theUniversity Grants Commission (UGC), but is administered by the province. Ithas recently been transfered from the provincial Department of Education tothe Department of Agriculture in an attempt to strengthen the associationbetween teaching, research and extension, and to ensure that students haveadequate contact with practical agriculture.

2.21 Within the total agricultural research system in the Punjab, thereis a wasteful dispersal of effort, not only between the provincial insti-tutions, but also between provincial and federal institutions. There are,for instance, four agencies involved with cotton research in Punjab and fiveothers elsewhere in Pakistan; but there is little coordination between them.To correct this situation within Punjab a Provincial Research CoordinationBoard has been established recently, under the chairmanship of the Vice-Chancellor UAF, the Board has 67 members and 5 Executive Directors in chargeof agriculture, livestock, economics, engineering and information and logis-tics. All research institutions are represented on the Board, including PARC.The Board has been given financial, as well as planning authority and monitorsand evaluates in great detail, all research projects financed by the Punjab.It is empowered to recommend witholding funds from projects and can demandalterations in project design. It aims to integrate the Punjab's totalresearch effort and to approve all new research projects, including thosesubmitted to the Federal Government (i.e., through PARC) for funding. TheBoard is too big to be effective and would not be required in the future whenPARC is fully established.

2.22 Baluchistan. The province has only one research institute, locatedat Sariab near Quetta, which concentrates on horticultural crops. There aresome agricultural development projects in the province at which improvedtechnology is being tested, but generally such research is of low priority.There is no agricultural faculty at the provincial university, and Baluchistanis largely dependent on the Sind Agricultural University, at Tandojam, forformal agricultural training.

2.23 NWFP. A provincial agricultural research station was established atTarnab in 1910 and a network of substations subsequently added in response to

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the needs of individual agro-ecological zones. The station became an insti-tute in 1962 and is an agency of the provincial Department of Agriculiure.More recently, plans have been made to upgrade some of the substaticas andthree specialized institutes have been established: for sugarcane at Mardan;cereals at Pirsabak; and veterinary research at Peshawar. Agriculturalresearch is also conducted at the Agricultural Faculty of the Peshawar Uni-versity, but activities are limited by lack of funds.

2.24 Sind. The provincial Agricultural Research Institute at Tandojamhas eight substations and five research farms. In addition, the provincefunds the Horticultural Research Station at Mirpurkhas and the Rice ResearchInstitute at Dokri. All three institutes are agencies of the provincialDepartment of Agriculture. The Rice Research Institute was founded in 1938 asa general crops research station, but gradually concentrated on rice inresponse to changes in cropping patterns and an increase in area under rice.The Institute was considerably improved in 1977 and maintains a linkage withIRRI (Philippines).

2.25 Sind Agricultural University at Tandojam was upgraded from collegestatus in 1977 and has a limited agricultural research program. It is adminis-tered by the Sind Department of Education. This arrangement may be changeddepending on the experiences in the Punjab where UAF has been transferred tothe Department of Agriculture for an experimental period.

2.26 Agricultural research in biological departments at the University ofKarachi is supported by grants from a number of sources, including the UGC,PARC and the Pakistan Science Foundation. The Institute of Marine Biology islinked with Karachi University, and some fisheries investigations are conductedby provincial Department of Agriculture.

2.27 Livestock production research is conducted at the Department ofAgriculture's Poultry Research Institute and Artificial Insemination Center.

2.28 A Research Coordination Board has been set up in Sind but it isnot yet in operation.

Other Agricultural Research Institutions

2.29 There is little significant investment in agricultural researchby the private sector, although some large cotton farms and specialized agro-industry businesses (e.g., Rafhan Maize Products, Faisalabad) test, adapt andapply research results and help to disseminate improved techniques to cooper-ating and/or neighboring farmers. Private sugar mills in Sind have recentlyset up a small research and advisory organization to investigate and adviseupon improved agronomic practices.

Training in Agricultural Research

2.30 The University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and the Sind AgricultureUniversity provide undergraduate courses in most aspects of agriculture(including animal sciences) and a wide range of Masters and Doctorate degreecourses. In NWFP, the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peshawar andPFI offer training up to Masters level in agriculture and forestry respectively.

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2.31 There is no shortage of staff at the primary degree level andcapacities for B.Sc. training at the universities are in excess of anticipatedrequirements. 1/ According to a 1979 survey by the National Science Council,the total manpower engaged in agriculture research is 2,834 (233 with Ph.Ddegrees), including 696 university teaching staff, 125 of which are Ph.D's(Annex 2). In view of the many research topics requiring attention, theshortage of technical manpower trained to the Ph.D level is critical.

International Support for Agricultural Research

2.32 Several countries and international organizations have supportedagricultural research in Pakistan. USAID has assisted in developing NARC,establishing a management system and establishing several coordinated researchprojects. USAID has also supported the Mona Reclamation Experimental Projectin Punjab (para 2.17).

2.33 FAO/UNDP has provided assistance to the Vertebrate Pest ControlCenter, Karachi; Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar; Poultry Research Insti-tute, Karachi; Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar; CottonResearch Institute, Multan; and National Fertilizer Development Center,Islamabad. The Australian Development Assistance Bureau is assisting insetting up a Maize and Millet Research Institute in NWFP and the LivestockDivision of NARC. IRRI is assisting PARC with its Agricultural MachineryProject. Training facilities, germplasm and services of experts have beenmade available by IRRI, CIMMYT, CIP and ICARDA. The agricultural extensionprojects in Punjab, Sind and NWFP have agriculture research as a small com-ponent in each. Ford Foundation is helping PARC in agriculture economicsresearch and documentation. Research programs for animal nutrition, forfisheries, for pulp and paper and other forestry subjects are under consid-eration by UNDP/FAO, who may also support buffalo research with a specificnutrition component.

2.34 The agricultural universities have received aid and assistancefrom UNESCO and from universities in the United States of America. The WorldBank has provided support to the Agricultural Universities at Faisalabad andTandojam (Credits 50-PAK and 678-PAK).

C. On-going Research Programs

2.35 Most agricultural research in Pakistan is applied or adaptive innature. Except for some programs at specialized institutions (NIAB, CottonResearch Institute) and some University Departments, there is little emphasison the more fundamental aspects of the problems studied.

2.36 In general, the distribution of agricultural research institutions(Map L54°8) has been directed towards the needs of the irrigated areas. Theresearch requirements of the barani (rainfed) areas, the coastal areas andthe cooler regions (Northern areas and Azad Kashmir) have been neglected.

1/ Fifth Education (Vocational Training) Project; IBRD 3105-PAK, page 3.

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2.37 Cereal Grain Crops: Research is in progress at institutions scat-tered throughout Pakistan. Emphasis is upon breeding and selection for highyield; a policy which contributed in 1978 to the poor wheat harvest due tosusceptibility of varieties in use to leaf and stripe rust. Disease resistancein cereals is now receiving more attention, especially at CDRI, which has themandate to work on cereal pathology. Research is concentrated on the wheatrust and smuts, specifically the virulences of different races, evaluation ofsystemic fungicides, seed borne sources of infection and screening breedingmaterial at both seedling and adult stages.

2.38 Despite these developments, the cereal crops are continually threat-ened by diseases and a greater research effort is needed to test controlmeasures, monitor the presence of disease races and study the development ofepidemics.

2.39 Research on agronomy, and fertilizer requirements as well as on cropprotection procedures is pursued to a more limited extent than plant breedingat the cereal research stations. Results produced have formed the basis ofrecommendations for cultivation practices, plant population sizes, and fertil-izer applications, etc. which have been used by extension officers. Newinitiatives are needed to orientate the research programs towards solvingother serious problems, (e.g., soil salinity, waterlog;ging, mixed and relaycropping, soil capping, threshing, etc.) and adapting known techniques toPakistan conditions.

2.40 Oilseeds and Pulses. In spite of a 270% increase in production ofoilseed crops since 1972, the gap between demand and production of edible oilis increasing. At present, Pakistan is forced to import edible oil worthalmost US$270 M annually. Only a limited amount of research is in progressand this is concerned primarily with the introduction and evaluation of newvarieties (some new early varieties of mustard have been released). Someresearch on improved agronomic practices, soil and water management, includingtesting on farmers' fields, has begun recently. Surveys of insect pests areunderway and the role of insects in the pollination of sunflower, rape andmustard is being studied. New research is needed on increasing oil content(as opposed to seed yield) and on improving quality of oil and meal. Thiswill require new breeding programs with sophisticated analytical procedures,themselves demanding specialized facilities.

2.41 Pulses play a very important role in Pakistani diet, being the majorsource of protein for the bulk of the population. The country has a chronicshortage of the main pulses mainly because the varieties of pulse cropscurrently sown in Pakistan are low-yielding and the package of productiontechnology for these crops is inadequate. Very little work has been done onthe nutritional value of the available pulse crops.

2.42 Horticultural Crops. The introduction and etvaluation of new varie-ties of horticultural crops and fruit trees has only recently been initiated.Although some success has been achieved in producing varieties of mango, thework on other fruit crops especiallv deciduous fruits is negligible. Usefulresearch has been conducted on potatoes (including varietal screening, seedproduction and virus identification) and research has been started on the coldstorage of fruit. Considering the importance of fruit and vegetables to thediet, horticultural science has been grossly neglected.

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2.43 Commercial Crops. The important commercial crops are cotton,sugarcane and tobacco. Research on tobacco is adequate. While both basicand applied research on cotton has proceded for years results have been poor.Priority has been given to the tall "peasant type" cottons, although recently,moves have been made towards introducing short-statured, big-boll, highquality types that have high yield potential and a stature facilitating pestcontrol measures. Integrated pest control is now cotton research strategy andinvolves breeding for disease and pest resistance by manipulating specificgenes (nectariless, high-gossypol, hairyness) as well as developing chemicalcontrol measures. In the fields of agronomy and physiology; irrigationpractices, planting methods and plant form and function have been studied.

2.44 Selection of sugarcane varieties has been primarily for cane yield.New varieties are required with higher sugar content. Some research is inprogress on fertilizer requirements but a larger effort is needed on the con-trol of viruses and borers. Research is needed to find other sugar crops toreplace cane in the north of Pakistan which is climatically marginal forsugarcane.

2.45 Forage Crops and Range Management. The ongoing research program isprimarily concerned with the introduction and evaluation of forage grasses andlegumes, studies of associated cropping patterns and testing simulated grazingsystems. A limited amount of research is conducted in the arid and coolerupland zones where soil erosion is posing severe problems. Much of theagronomic work has been with cereals, such as oats and maize which can beused for forage.

2.46 Forestry. Local collections have been made of promising typesand these have been used for the production of genetically superior plantingmaterial. The initial work with poplars and eucalyptus has been successfuland experiments are now in progress on their management and pest control.More information is now needed on management of indigenous forests and watershed protection.

2.47 Soil and Water Management. Much useful work has been accomplishedat the Mona Station on the improvement of water courses. Although there hasbeen some research on the consumptive use of water by various crops grownunder irrigation, there has been insufficient attention paid to the productiveuse of water. Farmers require advice on the design of crop rotations whichwill suit their needs. Research on drainage has been inadequate.

2.48 Under rainfed conditions, the responses to fertilizer on differentsoils, the availability of the major nutrients, methods of soil and waterconservation and the economic benefits of supplementary irrigation, have beenstudied. In spite of the problems of environmental stress, trace elementdeficiencies and nitrogen fixation, there is little work in progress onplant physiology or plant nutrition.

2.49 Agricultural Engineering. Because of the seasonal shortages oflabor at critical times of the farming year, e.g., at paddy transplantingand at threshing, the interest in farm machinery is increasing, but increasedefforts are required to adapt foreign designs to Pakistan's conditions.

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2.50 Several institutions have made modest attempts to integrate aewmachines into the farming system. The major effort has been supported byIRRI (the so-called IRRI-PAK program), whose strategy for small machin-rydevelopment has been followed. This includes indigenous production anddecentralized small scale manufacture. A few promising machines have beenimported, tested extensively and adapted to suit local c:onditions, e.g., theaxial flow thresher. Particularly important are the requirements for smalltractors and methods for sinking fractional tubewells suited to the needs ofsmall farmers.

2.51 Livestock. Research on livestock is extremely limited. Some smallscale attempts at cross-breeding cattle for milk production and upgradingsheep and goats are in progress. The integration of crop and livestockproduction has not been studied and there has been no critical evaluationof village livestock practices. New research is needed on the economics ofproduction, farm management systems and fodder production.

2.52 Veterinary research on infectious diseases is sufficiently supportedand much effort is directed towards vaccine campaigns. Research on poultrypathology is adequate for the industry's needs but more work is required onnutrition and management. Animal diseases on farms should be surveyed.

2.53 The artificial insemination services operate satisfactorily inPakistan but information is lacking on methods for the preservation of buffalosemen. New methods are needed to streamline progeny testing of bulls.

2.54 Fisheries. The research on marine fisheries at Karachi is confinedto the study of crustaceans. Many socio-economic problems, techniques offish capture and population dynamics remain to be studied. Inland fisheriesresearch is limited to small-scale experiments on nutrition and disease. Thecountry's resources should be surveyed and management practices developedoverseas and adapted to Pakistan's needs.

2.55 Economics. Survey work has been started to collect data on croppingpatterns, which is expected to provide useful information on size of holdings,cropping intensities, input availability, etc., but farmt level studies are fewand many aspects of economics in different agro-ecological zones have beenneglected. A major problem is the lack of interaction between social andbiological scientists and the contribution of economists to the developmentof economically viable improved agricultural techniques is therefore slight.This situation must be rectified and new research initiated, on the returns,risks and constraints, to the adoption of recommended practices.

2.56 Two distinct aspects of agricultural economics research need tobe addressed. Firstly, a coordinated program of economics research shouldbe launched and, secondly, an economic analysis service should be provided.A long range policy study group would be needed for the former, but thestrategic deployment of production economists, sociologists and biometriciansto work alongside biological scientists would satisfy the needs of the latter.

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2.57 Plant Introduction. Research on grain crops has received highestpriority and has tended to concentrate on breeding and selection of newvarieties. Plant introduction has been largely unorganized with individualinstitutions or research scientists importing and using material withoutadequate attention to quarantine procedures, adequate preliminary controls,records or conservation measures. Most of these introductions have been lost,and either a reluctance, or an inability on the part of seed suppliers tomaintain a flow of material now threatens the crop improvement program. Aviable plant introduction service in Pakistan is needed to provide germ plasmof established crops and also for new crops such as coffee, jute, jojoba,ginger, Leucaena, tamarind, etc.

2.58 Location-Specific Adaptation. Research workers have tended toconfine their activities to the research stations rather than become involvedin verifying their findings on farmers fields or in different agro-ecologicalzones. PARC coordinated projects have focused attention on national problemsand the experiments executed have provided the impetus for location-specificresearch. In particular, the National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials Systemprovides data from 37 locations on the performance of candidate wheat varietiessubmitted by scientists throughout Pakistan. The data are reviewed by expertsand provide the basis for recommendations by the National Seed Council (NSC)for varietal release. This screening process allows the identification ofvarieties exhibiting adaptability to specific agro-ecological zones, and alsothose with undesirable traits, such as disease susceptibility. A similarscheme is required for other crops in order to provide the technical recom-mendations to NSC and the varietal releasing organizations.

2.59 The large gap between the average national yields and the potentialcrop yields as demonstrated in research stations and in progressive farmers'fields is a matter of concern to GOP and Pakistani scientists. A rice pro-duction project in Larkana district of Sind, conducted in collaboration withIRRI, studied the production process as a multi-factorial managemeent systemwhich included; application of extension packages, administrative organiza-tion, availability of agricultural credit inputs supply, removal of marketingconstraints, etc. When all factors were included in the production process,the result was a 100% increase in crop yield in the project area (3.4 to 6.8tons/ha). This research approach is justified in that the system as a wholerequires study in limited manageable areas, which can be saturated withextension information and scientific knowledge. Constraints can be identifiedand the Training and Visit System of extension, adapted to the conditionsprevailing in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. At present, theproject concentrates on an individual crop, but a farming systems approach isexpected to develop as the research is gradually expanded to cover other cropsand adequate information becomes available.

Achievements and Potential

2.b0 The most significant increases in production that can be attributedto agricultural research in Pakistan occurred in the 1960s and early 1970swhen cooperative research efforts involving federal and provincial institutesand the International Agricultural Research Centers, viz. CIMMYT and IRRIresulted in the release of improved varieties of wheat, rice, and maize. Thecultivation of these varieties resulted in a doubling of grain production.

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Similar work on varietal introduction and evaluation resulted in the esta-blishment of a banana industry and improved mango cultivation in Sind andPunjab, and plantations of fast-growing poplar trees in northern Pakistan.

2.61 Research on fertilizer usage and agronomy has had smaller impactat the farm level, but has demonstrated optimum N-P ratios for wheat, the useof sulphur coated N for rice, use of zinc on rice growing in alkaline soilsand the successful control of weeds in maize.

2.62 Examples of successfully applied technology in animal sciencesare rarer but techniques have been developed for the control of bovine diseasesand for liver fluke in sheep. A new breed of poultry has been developed forPunjab.

2.63 Pakistan has capable scientists who have made substantial progressin many fields and who have demonstrated their ability to produce the tech-nology on which further increase of agricultural production is dependent.Experimental programs are being expanded, and provided adequate support andcoordination is available, there is every indication that the scientificcommunity would continue to serve the national agricultural research needs.

Linkages Between Research and Extension

2.64 The extension services have been the weakest link in the improve-ment of agricultural production and linkages between research and extensionhave not been adequately developed. A revitalization of these extensionservices is essential and has been started by the introduction of the Trainingand Visit Extension system in selected districts in Sind and Punjab. Afterexperience with the system and its adaptation to the socio-economic condi-tions of Pakistan the Provincial Governments should extend it to the wholecountry.

2.65 The research effort in Pakistan, being mostly applied in nature isparticularly dependent on an efficient extension service as the main recipientfor research results and for their transmission to the farming community.The absence of an effective extension service should not be allowed toadversely influence the establishment of new research programs. Researchis a long-term process and the extension messages of the future will be aconsequence of research programs initiated at the present time.

2.66 Research programs must be responsive to the nation's and farmer'sneeds. Close linkages are required, therefore, between research scientistsand extension workers so that scientists can be kept aware of the problemsfacing the farmer. The proper foci for such linkages are the provincialresearch institutes and their substations which are primarily involved inapplied and adaptive research for the agro-ecological zone in which they arelocated. However, a close association is also required between the central-ized research services and an upgraded extension serviice. Currently, PARC ispromoting this by seminars, workshops, publications and cooperative researchprojects which involve both professional staff and members of the farmingcommunity. These interactions will keep PARC alerted to the increased demandfor research results which the extension service may be expected to demandwhen the T&V system is fully operational.

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D. Problems and Constraints

2.67 PARC is responsible, inter alia, for planning and coordinatingthe national research effort, and with the assistance of USAID, has alreadydesigned an improved operational and planning system, parts of which are inprocess of implementation. Several constraints were identified by the inter-national review team (para 1.02) which together with the general constraintimposed by inadequate physical facilities are hindering the organization anddevelopment of an efficient national agricultural research service. Theconstraints affecting the quality of research (paras 2.69 to 2.76) and theproblem of lack of physical facilities would be addressed in the appraisalproject. Those relating to the complicated organization of agriculturalresearch (para 2.68) would be addressed at a later date when federal insti-tutions (PARC) have adequate facilities, staff and prestige to enable theproblems to be forcefully tackled and satisfactory solutions worked out.

2.68 Coordination Between Research Institutions. In addition to PARC,several federal and provincial institutions are engaged in agriculturalresearch. Because of the division of responsibilities stated in the consti-tution and inter-provincial boundary restrictions, research programs aredeveloped independently and there is neither sufficient coordination betweenorganizations nor adequate monitoring and evaluation of the work programs.Duplication of efforts and the reluctance to direct attention from unpromisinglines of work leads to a wastage of resources. The usefulness of the ResearchCoordination Boards which are to operate within Sind and Punjab has yet to bedemonstrated, but at best these Boards can only address the problem of intra-provincial cooperation.

2.69 Agricultural Research Funding. Agricultural research has receivedlow priority in the allocation of funds, which have been both inadequate andnot consistently available. This situation has been exacerbated by thefailure to reflect inflationary trends in budgetary reduction in real terms.

2.70 At present, staff costs account for 75% of available funds. Theoperational budget through which all experimental work is supported has beenreduced to 10% of the total allocation. Funds for building maintenance aremeager. The complicated bureaucratic procedures for incurring expenditure andreleasing funds have effectively prevented the complete usage of the fundsthat are allocated (para. 2.07). Adequate and reliable funding is essentialif Pakistan is to benefit from new technology resulting from long-term researchprograms.

2.71 Career Opportunities in Agricultural Research. Agriculturalscientists need to be encouraged to tackle production problems rather thandiscipline-oriented research projects. A professional climate is required forthe development of scientists and utilization of talent available in a mannerwhich is intellectually stimulating, professionally rewarding and economicallyimportant to the development of the country. A high staif morale is anessential ingredient for success. However, the careers offered by Provincialand Federal governments in agricultural research are unnecessarily unattrac-tive. A major constraint is the civil service system of promotion by senior-ity. Although "lip-service" is paid in the promotion rules to personal

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records of achievement, seniority per se far outweighs merit in promotions anc.may result in the appointment of research directors unfitted for the posts.

2.72 PARC staff consists of a mixture of permanent employees, and staf-'on deputation. The latter are insecure in their employment and constantlyseek promotion opportunities elsewhere. PARC, under its new ordinance, needsto develop a personnel management system for identifying, training, attractingand retaining permanent staff, otherwise it will continue to have moraleproblems and recurring vacancies. PARC's career and sa]Lary structure shouldinclude staff at present employed in the provinces on short-term contractsas part of research grant supported programs. These employment opportunitiesare short-term by nature and are not popular in a society demanding maximumemployment security.

2.73 Training Opportunities. Lack of highly trained personnel is adirect result of poor prospects associated with the agricultural researchprofession and of the relatively small number of overseas training scholar-ships that are taken up by GOP in comparison to the number offered. Failureto use scholarships to maximum advantage is caused by pcnderous bureaucraticprocedures for selection of candidates and by the choice of inappropriatecandidates. Shortage of trained personnel will be a constraint on thedevelopment of research capability until GOP has established an efficientnational procedure for selecting candidates for overseas training.

2.74 Technical Supporting Services. With rare exceptions, a commonfeature of Pakistan's agricultural research stations is the inadequacy ofsupporting services. Libraries and scientific information services arebelow the standards essential to support a viable research effort. Both thecare of libraries and the habit of their use needs to be improved urgentlyif Pakistan is to benefit from worldwide progress in agricultural science andtechnology. The proliferation of journals on a world scale and the constantincrease in their costs, precludes the maintenance of comprehensive sets ofinternational journals at small stations. The deficiency is widespread butcould be rectified by the organization of a national research informationservice, to supply abstracts and current awareness literature, and micropho-tographs or other photocopies of requested articles.

2.75 Another supporting service which is notably deficient is that ofbiometrics and computing. Help in planning experiments, in quantifying obser-vations of crop growth and in full analysis of yields and of concommitantmeasurements should be provided centrally. This will help to upgrade thestandard of field experimentation.

2.76 A serious handicap in laboratories is instrument maintenance.These difficulties affect not only small stations in rural areas, but alsolarge organizations. They amount overall to a serious constraint on researchprogress in Pakistan. A central service for instrument maintenance, with asmall fund in overseas currency to permit the prompt ordering of spares byairmail, would contribute substantially to agricultural research progress inPakistan.

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III. THE PROJECT

A. Objectives

3.01 The project has three basic objectives:

(a) accelerate the implementation of the institutional reformsneeded to provide Pakistan with the quality agriculturalresearch it requires to exploit its considerable productionpotential;

(b) provide federal and provincial institutes with the physicaland human resources needed to plan, coordinate, support andconduct research programs of high priority; and

(c) provide training and technical assistance.

3.02 The project would be managed by PARC which, together with NARC,would be the principal beneficiary, receiving about 59% of project invest-ments. Project funds for investments in research to be carried out by pro-vincial institutions, 19% of project investments, would be chanelled throughPARC, as would the investments for training and technical assistance; thatconstitute the remaining 22% of project costs. The project would be carriedout over a period of five years; details of the organization and managementarrangements of the project are given in Chapter V.

3.03 The project would constitute the first step in a longer term programto improve agricultural research in Pakistan. It would concentrate on develop-ing the capabilities of PARC and NARC in order that they can provide thestrong federal leadership that is required to obtain the full cooperation ofthe provincial research systems and to permit the coordination of the nationalresearch effort. With this achieved, a second stage project to increasethe research capabilities of provincial institutions would be a logical futuredevelopment.

B. General Description

3.04 Institutional Reforms: These would be implemented under the projectas conditions of IDA financial support. They would address the issues identi-fied by the international review team (para 1.02) and be in line with therecommendations contained in the team's report. These recommendations werediscussed and agreed with GOP in October 1979 during project identificationand were subsequently approved by the Provinces and the Federal Government atan Inter-Provincial meeting held on November 6, 1979.

3.05 GOP has already taken steps to implement the recommendations byestablishing ARD and by making provision for the appointment of an additionalfull-time member of PARC Executive Board. The revised PARC ordinance will bethe mechanism for affecting additional improvements, by increasing PARC'sautonomy, allowing increased funds to flow to PARC and allowing PARC to

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develop a personnel management system under which staff can be offered perma-nent positions, increased salaries and attractive career prospects. Currently,most PARC staff are on secondment from other federal and provincial agencies.Instability has resulted from the ever present possibility of the recall ofseconded staff to their original employers and has been a constraint to thedevelopment of an efficient staff structure. The revised PARC ordinance asapproved by GOP enables PARC to function adequately as an autonomous agency(para 2.08).

3.06 Because of the allocation of responsibilities between Federal andProvincial Governments under the Constitution (para 2.01), several aspects ofPARC's powers and responsibilities have remained de facto unclear. This wasparticularly so in the area of supervision of provincial research that isfederally funded, and in the definition of PARC's role vis a vis the FederalGovernment. Important recommendations of the joint review were that PARCshould be given full responsibility for federal action in the generation ofimproved technology in agriculture, and it should also be required to act astechnical adviser to ARD and appraise any proposal for new research initia-tives requiring federal funding. GOP has therefore recently decided that:

(a) PARC appraisal and approval would be necessary for all newagricultural research programs in Pakistan requiring finan-cial support directly from the Federal Government; and

(b) PARC would be appointed technical adviser to the UniversityGrants Commission to provide guidance on the award of grantsfor agricultural research.

3.07 PARC provides a national testing service for new agricultural tech-nology; primarily for evaluating new crop varieties. This service is partof the procedure for the release of varieties in Pakistan and provides dataand recommendation on varietal performance to the National Seed Council whichthen decides which varieties will be released. The results from the trialshave not always been accepted by provincial authorities for releases withinthe Province and there was a danger that varieties with unsuitable traits maytherefore be used. GOP has now decided that the recommendations for therelease of crop varieties emanating from the national yield trials 1/ systemwould be accepted by the provinces as the basis for provincial release.

3.08 The ongoing national coordinated research projects and the collabor-ative research programs (para 2.12) are key features of Pakistan's researchefforts, but adequate and timely funding is not always available (para 2.69).Clearly, it would be counter-productive to commence new research under thisproject without ensuring adequate provisions for the on-going priorityresearch efforts. Assurances were obtained at negotiations that GOP wouldcontinue financial support for the coordinated research projects, the colla-borative research programs and the associated plant science research at NARC,at adequate levels. Assurances were also obtained that an annual statement

1/ At present, only variety trials with wheat are being conducted, but GOPintends to extend the trials system to other crops.

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of planned expenditure, a summary of budgetary proposals and actual alloca-tions and expenditures would be forwarded to IDA before March 1 of each year.

C. Project Components

3.09 Staff provided under the project for PARC, NARC and CDRI would beincremental to the sanctioned staff lists of these institutions. Key staffnecessary for the efficient operation of PARC were appointed before negotia-tions (Annex 3). During negotiations a timetable for filling all othervacancies was agreed, which enables all to be filled before December 31, 1981.

3.10 The salary scales which will be authorized by PARC under its newordinance have been used in computing incremental staff costs to be funded bythe project. The proposed PARC scales are between 10% and 20% above compar-able GOP scales for professional grades and with the other perquisites wouldprovide necessary incentives to attract qualified staff to fill the postscreated under the project.

3.11 In summary, the project would comprise:

(a) strengthening PARC as a national apex research coordinatingagency by providing:

(i) a headquarters secretariat building; and

(ii) incremental staff and facilities for PARC for deal-ing with financial planning, procurement, audit,accounts, training, technical assistance, personnelmanagement, and supervision of construction ofcivil works;

(b) strengthening PARC's ability to provide specializedassistance to research agencies and workers by estab-lishing service units for:

(i) collection, publication and dissemination of researchinformation; and

(ii) maintenance and repair of laboratory equipment.

(c) strengthening the capability of NARC and other researchinstitutions by developing the research station at NARCand supporting research program development in:

(i) plant sciences;

(ii) animal sciences;

(iii) cereal diseases;

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(iv) oilseeds;

(v) agricultural engineering; and

(vi) agricultural economics.

(d) supporting agricultural research subprojects conductedby non-PARC research agencies;

(e) funding overseas and local training to the M.Sc and Ph.D levelsfor research workers, as well as short term career developmentcourses;

(f) funding long and short-term technical assistance in managementtechniques and technical research program development; and

(g) conducting a mid-term review of project progress.

3.12 Detailed research programs to be supported under the project havealready been designed following a complete analysis of ongoing efforts.Details of both current and future programs are given in Project File, Items 4to 9 and all staff, civil works, operating expenses and equipment needs havebeen estimated on the basis of the needs of these programg.

D. Detailed Features

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council

3.13 Infrastructure. To enable PARC staff to be housed in a singlebuilding and to provide the necessary facilities for it to operate effectivelyas the national agricultural research coordinating agency, a headquarterssecretariat building would be constructed at a site to be provided by GOP.The building would provide about 50,000 sq ft of space. A site has alreadybeen identified in Islamabad, on an area set aside for the location ofresearch institutions.

3.14 The headquarters building would provide office space for 270 staffmembers (including about 90 scientific and professional administrative staff),an auditorium for 250, committee meeting rooms, a small library (linked to themain library at NARC), a cafeteria and facilities for car parking, maintenanceand watchmen. Housing for 6 key staff would be constructed according to GOPdesigns and regulations, which are satisfactory to IDA, on sites to be providedby GOP in Islamabad. Rental housing in Islamabad is both difficult to findand expensive and housing would be offered as part of the incentive package toattract high quality staff to PARC.

3.15 The design and layout of the PARC building and site would be preparedby a firm of consultant architects with qualification andl experience satisfac-tory to IDA and the final design would be subject to approval by IDA. The

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supervision of construction would be through the PARC Civil EngineeringUnit which would be suitably strengthened (para. 5.05).

3.16 Administrative Support. The present PARC staff would be inadequatefor the enlarged program envisaged under the project and incremental staffpositions would be funded by the project in following units/sections; ProjectImplementation, Procurement, Training and Technical Assistance Support,Secretariat and Chairman's Office. Details are in paras 5.04 to 5.12.

3.17 Technical Support. The problems of inadequate library facilitiesfor agricultural research workers and in maintaining expensive equipment werehighlighted in the Agricultural Research Subsector Review. 1/ These problems

would be addressed under the project by establishing new PARC support units.

3.18 A Research Information Unit would be set up by PARC which would be

equipped for dissemination of information, data storage, data retrieval, pub-lication and publicity. A total of 13 senior staff together with the neces-sary support staff, vehicles and documentation equipment would be provided(Annex 9, Table 4). The Unit would have access to the library. at NARC andmaintain contact with the better equipped libraries in other institutes anduniversities. It would supply abstracts, current awareness literature andcopies of requested articles, and also provide back-up services for PARC'sresearch planning and monitoring functions.

3.19 A Laboratory Equipment Maintenance and Repair Unit would provide acentral service for instrument maintenance and repair. A ready supply ofspare parts would contribute substantially to agricultural research by keepinglaboratory equipment in operation. Offices (500 sq ft), air-conditionedlaboratories and a workshop (1,400 sq ft) would be provided at NARC togetherwith the necessary vehicles, workshop equipment, engineering staff, mechanicsand technicians (Annex 9, Table 5).

3.20 Civil Engineering Unit. Design and supervision of the buildingswill be the responsibility of the consulting architect/engineer. In order toprotect its interests, PARC would require a strengthened Civil EngineeringUnit (CEU) which would monitor progress and use of materials. An executiveengineer, three overseers and support staff would be added to the existingunit which would also be provided with vehicles, office equipment and operat-ing expenses (Annex 9, Table 6). CEU would be responsible for the maintenanceof PARC and NARC buildings provided under the project, most of which would bearranged on a sub-contract basis.

3.21 Cereal Diseases Research Institute (CDRI). Because of its altitudeand resulting cool climate which permits the efficient operation of greenhousefacilities, CDRI at Murree is an ideal site for developing new facilities fordisease research on wheat, maize, barley, sorghum and triticale.

1/ Pakistan Agricultural Research Subsector Review 2901-PAK, May 21, 1980,

pages 12 to 22.

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3.22 Detailed studies would be initiated on the epidemiology of wheatrust diseases, the role of alternate hosts as foci of infection, the inherit-ance of rust resistance and factors determining horizontal resistance.Research on wheat smuts and bunts would be expanded to include determinationof physiological specialization, inheritance of resistance and disease control.In rice, maize and sorghum, physiological specialization studies would beconducted on major diseases and effective inoculation techniques developedfor locating sources of resistance.

3.23 Two additional research staff would be provided together withappropriate support staff. New glasshouse and growth room facilities would beconstructed under the project and necessary equipment, and vehicles provided.Incremental operating costs would be funded. Details are at Annex 9, Table 9.Six houses would be provided for essential staff since rental accommodationis difficult to find in IIurree. Landlords prefer the high seasonal rateswhich can be demanded in a cool hill station, to the lower rates obtainablefor permanent occupancy.

National Agricultural Research Center

3.24 Station Development. NARC is the main research institution ofPARC. It is being developed to provide scientific support for the appliedand adaptive research being carried out at other institutions in Pakistan andalso as the institution where research can be initiated on topics that havebeen neglected in the provincial programs. Development of NARC started underthe USAID project. Some roads, irrigation canals and land levelling, havebeen completed and temporary farm and office buildings constructed to permitresearch to be started. It is expected that an auditorium, hostel, officeblocks, cafeteria, training center, documentation center and library, 12housing units and 6 laboratories will be completed under the ongoing USAIDproject before July 1981. IDA involvement would be complementary to theassistance provided by USAID. Station development would be completed underthe project by the provision of the following facilities; irrigation canalsand watercourses (7.5 km), roads (8 km), greenhouses (3,500 sq ft), machineryand storage sheds (4,000 sq ft), a second hostel and 77 housing units foressential staff 1/ (Annex 9, Table 3). The provision of housing is essentialto attract quality staff to NARC as suitable rental accommodation is in shortsupply in Islamabad.

3.25 Plant Sciences Division. At present, the staff of the Plant SciencesDivision of NARC consists of a Director, 12 scientists at the SRO and 30 atthe RO level, plus 148 support staff. The aim of the Plant Sciences Divisionis to conduct strategic research and generate materiaL and technology to sup-port other scientists engaged in applied research programs (for instance, inplant physiology, virology, bacteriology) and to fill gaps in applied researchprograms (for instance, production technology for the cooler and rainfedregions of Pakistan).

1/ This includes 23 housing units for essential animal science staff. Sixdifferent grades of housing would be provided. Fifty units would be forjunior staff such as laboratory and field assistants.

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3.26 Under the project, ongoing research programs would be expanded toinclude investigation of drought, cold and salt tolerance in cereals and the

production of new crop varieties specifically for the barani areas. Moreresearch on pulses would be undertaken, specifically on cropping systems,increasing yield stability under dryland conditions, hybridization, interac-tion between fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation, and weed control methods.Forage research would diversify into methods of fodder preservation, seedproduction and the evaluation of fodder quality.

3.27 The introduction and testing of germplasm of horticultural cropswould be fully implemented under the project and new initiatives taken onmethods of year-round vegetable production, post-harvest technology, seedproduction techniques and cropping systems. Root stocks and propagationpractices in fruit trees would also be standardized. The work on sugar cropswould be expanded to include beet and sweet sorghum for the northern areas,but the major emphasis would continue to be on the introduction and quarantineof cane varieties.

3.28 Research in plant physiology would be initiated on problemsof environmental stress on crops, trace element deficiencies and nitrogenfixation. Research is also required on grain quality in cereals, oilseedsand legumes and the scientific development of food preservation techniques.

3.29 Losses of nutrients under different cultural practices, availabilityof secondary nutrients (magnesium, sulphur) and rate of reduction in soilorganic matter and its relation to cropping and soil management, wouldbe investigated under the soil and water research program.

3.30 Range management research would be directed towards developing means

of reseeding and managing rangelands, evaluating planned grazing systems andthe effects of improved management on watershed run-off, erosion and wood andforage production. Surveys would be conducted to determine present methods ofrange management and the physical, biological, social and economic implicationsof these practices.

3.31 These expanded programs would require the provision of a DirectorGeneral at NARC, Directors for soil and water management and range management,41 additional staff at the SRO level and above, and 61 at the RO level, plussupport staff. Assurances were obtained at negotiations that the DirectorGeneral with qualifications and experience satisfactory to IDA, and Directorswould be appointed before December 31, 1981. These staff, additional vehicles,office equipment, incremental operating expenses and farm implements and trac-tors for that part of the farm to be managed by the Plant Science group willbe provided under the project (Annex 9, Table 7). The laboratory and officebuildings and basic equipment needed for these programs is being made avail-able under the USAID project.

3.32 Livestock Research Division. Investment in livestock research hasbeen disproportionate to the importance of the sector to Pakistan. At NARC, 8professional and 70 support staff have begun research, and under the project,this nucleus would be further developed.

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3.33 Highest priority would be given to studying way3 ar.d mt;ms iincreasing output of animal products and providing basic data on vil aigefarm practices.

3.34 Milk production research would require research on seasonalbreeding of buffalo cows and a Jersey-Sahiwal cross-breeding program. Thecauses of low levels of buffalo spermatogenesis would be investigated andmethods of reducing costs of artificial insemination in buffalo and cattledevised, including techniques of bulk frozen semen.

3.35 Pasture and fodder improvement and the planned integration oflivestock production with cropping systems would be studied. Changes inthe balance between crops and livestock production is quickly reflected infarm incomes, and the optimal combination of many stock and cropping com-binations would be explored.

3.36 The technique of minimal cost feed formulation promises sub-stantial cost reductions in milk production. A research program would beundertaken to analyze the composition of local feeds, provide informationon seasonal feeding practices, estimate feed-input/product-output ratiosand determine the complementarity of different feeds. The production cyclewould be studied, especially in non-irrigated areas, to provide basic produc-tion parameters and to delineate aspects to be allocated research priority.

3.37 Research in disease control would be on the effect of foot andmouth disease on work output of draft animals, the relationship of majordiseases to poor calving rates and the causes of ineffectiveness of currentvaccination practices.

3.38 Socio-economic research would be initiated on the acceptabilityto the small farmer of dual purpose cattle as replacements to traditionaldraft cattle and milking buffalo. Milk marketing and pricing would befacilitated by the development of a simple method of distinguishing cow frombuffalo milk so that a pricing system could be developed which avoids discri-mination against cows milk on the basis of butterfat content. Simple fatteningand carcass dissection trials on aged draft cattle which had been fattened forvarying periods would provide data for rational pricing for this type of beef.

3.39 Studies would be undertaken on growth patterns, diseases, hatcherymanagement and population dynamics of the important fresh water fish species.

3.40 The project would establish two research centers at NARC. A live-stock farm center would comprise stock sheds (29,000 sq ft), offices (800sq ft), dairy (1,000 sq ft), stores and sheds (8,000 sq ft) and about 200breeding animals (50 Jerseys, 50 Sahiwals, 50 cross-breds and 50 buffalocows) plus associated young stock and bulls. A small fattening yard forsome 200 sheep and goats would also be added along with several fish rearingtanks (Annex 9, Table 8). This center would have prime responsibility forproducing the buffalo bulls and cows required for the study of their reproduc-tive physiology, and for providing experimental stock for various trials onthe utilization of fodder crops and improved animal feeding. About 160 haof irrigated land would be set aside for fodder production.

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3.41 A laboratory center (7,800 sq ft) would comprise laboratories foranimal nutrition, disease diagnosis and vaccine evaluation, reproductivephysiology, AI and animal breeding, milk and meat technology and fish biology,and office accommodation for a Director and 18 animal biologists plus sup-porting staff. Assurances were obtained at negotiations that the Directorwould be appointed before December 31, 1981.

3.42 Oilseeds Division. The Nation's requirement for higher domesticproduction of edible oil and the present high cost of imports (US$270 Mannually) fully justifies intensified research on oilseed crops and theestablishment of a new Oilseeds Division at NARC.

3.43 More detailed work would be supported on the introduction of newoilseed crops (safflower, sunflower, etc.), the improvement of soil and watermanagement practices and cropping system studies (especially under baraniconditions). Quality of oil and protein content of oilseeds and pulses wouldbe studied with a view to eliminating deleterious compounds and developingvarieties with seeds with increased oil content.

3.44 The Oilseeds Division established at NARC would be established underthe project by the provision of three incremental professional staff, neces-sary support staff and operating expenses (Annex 9, Table 10). Assuranceswere obtained at negotiations that the Director would be appointed beforeDecember 31, 1981. A new office and laboratory building (5,800 sq ft) wouldbe constructed and equipped and specific field plot machinery and vehicleswould be provided. Since the analytical laboratory would be fully equippedfor protein analysis it would also cater for the needs of quality assessmentsof pulse crops.

3.45 Plant Introduction and Genetic Resources Division. A new divisionfor plant introduction and genetic resources would be established. This wouldbe responsible for coordinating the plant introduction process, arrangingadequate storage of seed, collecting indigenous varieties of crop plants,maintaining a herbarium for identification, testing new economic crops atselected substations (Karachi, Quetta, Bahawalpur and D.I. Khan) and assistingprovincial research agencies in the evaluation of new varieties of establishedcrops.

3.46 Where established connections exist between research workers andsources of germplasm (e.g., AARI and CIMMYT) the new division would restrictits activities to recording transactions and providing any needed storagefacilities in order not to hamper an established seed exchange process.

3.47 New offices (6,500 sq ft) and greenhouses (7,800 sq ft) for plantpropagation would be built at NARC. The laboratory building, cold store anda herbarium are being provided by USAID. Incremental staff required at NARCand at four provincial introduction sites would include a Director, DeputyDirector, six SRO's (one at each substation) two RO's, and support staff.These staff, plus necessary vehicles and some small plot equipment needed toaugment that provided by USAID, would be funded by the project. Details arein Annex 9, Table 11.

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3.48 Agricultural Engineering Division. IRRI support for agriculturalengineering will cease in 1981. GOP has decided to establish a new Agricul-tural Engineering Division (AED) at NARC to continue the research and deve-lopment program and to promote the commercialization of designs shown to besuccessful under Pakistan conditions. AED would give priority to the testingand further development of existing equipment and develop new basic designsonly when essential. AED would systematically test equipment being offeredfor sale in Pakistan and produce independent comparative performance reports.During the project period, priorities for research and development would begiven to power tillers, paddy transplanters, multicrop threshers, cerealharvesters, small tractors and animal drawn implements and to low-cost tube-well drilling rigs.

3.49 Under the project, permanent offices (9,600 sq ft), workshops(11,300 sq ft), stores and garages (2,800 sq ft) would be provided, together

with necessary additional vehicles and workshop equipment (Annex 9, Table 12).Assurances were obtained at negotiations that a Director, and additionalprofessional staff would be recruited by GOP under its timetable for filling

staff vacancies (para 3.09). Additional Assistant Engineers and supportstaff would be provided under the project and would be posted to each of thefour provinces where units would be established to assist in the testing ofmachinery in various zones.

Contractual Research Grant Scheme (CRGS)

3.50 The project would fund a contractual research grant scheme underwhich research efforts at non-PARC institutions would be funded. Three types

of activity would be supported. 1/

(i) Coordinated Research Projects. These would be generatedby PARC's established system. Financial support wouldbe available for the expansion of existing coordinatedresearch projects and for initiating similar projects onother commodities or production factors (para 2.12).

(ii) Research Subprojects. These would be substantial projectsproposed by individual institutions desiring to establishnational research programs in selected areas. Examples aregiven in Project File, item 13, and include research onpoultry, water management, artificial insemination andinland fisheries.

(iii) Ad hoc Research Schemes. These would be relatively smallresearch programs, aimed mainly at supporting distinguishedand proven scientists proposing to study problems of nationalimportance.

3.51 All non-PARC research institutions in Pakistan would be eligibleto submit proposals for financing under CRGS. Guidelines for the selection of

1/ In the following text all activities are referred to as "subprojects".

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subprojects and terms and conditions that would be attached to the grants aregiven in Annex 6 and were agreed with GOP at negotiations. They are basedon existing procedures and are designed to ensure that only priority researchtopics are supported that are under the control of competent scientists whoagree to PARC supervision.

3.52 Initially, subprojects supported would be selected from the topicsidentified as a result of the review of agricultural research (Annex 1) and ananalysis of GOP policies (para 2.05). Priority would be given to subprojectswhich are national in outlook and which merit immediate attention. In thelonger run, priority research areas would be identified in relation to thenational research plan (para 2.05) at present being produced by PARC throughits Status Review Committee 1/ system.

3.53 A subproject on on-farm testing of extension methodology had beenprepared by PARC and was included in the appraisal. It is expected that thiswould be executed by provincial extension and research agencies in collabora-tion with PARC. The concept of research into extension as a multifactorialmanagement system was developed in Sind and has already been applied to onedistrict in Punjab. Under the subproject it would be tried in other dis-tricts in locations suitable for the study of wheat (two districts) riceand oilseeds. Necessary incremental staff, vehicles, field equipment andoperating costs would be financed under the subproject (Annex 9, Table 13).

Agricultural Economics Research

3.54 Little attention has been paid to economics research in Pakistan anda substantial strengthening is now required, both at federal and provincialinstitutions. As well as having initiated small scale collaborative projectswith research institutes, PARC has identified major areas for a substantialeconomics research program. However, it is difficult to recruit economists ofcaliber, and because of this staffing constraint, a less ambitious program ofdevelopment has to be accepted, concentrating on the provision of an economicsservice for research scientists (para. 2.56).

3.55 Under the project, five Agricultural Economics Research Units (AERU)would be progressively established, one at NARC and the others in the Agricul-tural Research Institutes at Faisalabad, Tandojam, Peshawar and Quetta. EachAERU in the provinces would also serve as liaison and expediting office ifdifficulties or delays occur in the preparation/processing of applications toparticipate in the CRGS. These applications would be from all disciplinesand for all commodities.

3.56 The specific research functions of the AERUs would be:

(i) economic viability of new agricultural technology;

1/ Committee membership includes scientists, extension officers, farmersand representatives from the private sector.

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(ii) identification and measurement of factors restrictingcrop yields on farmers' fields;

(iii) economics of input use;

(iv) farm mangement studies;

(v) assistance to other scientists in:

(a) designing experiments; and

(b) the statistical analysis and economic interpretationof experimental data.

3.57 By the project's end, work programs for all five institutes would bein operation, subject to the timely completion of a recruitment and trainingprogram to fill 17 professional posts. At Faisalabad, Tarnab and Tandojam, aSenior Agricultural Research Economist would head each unit, assisted by anAgricultural Economist (or a Sociologist) and a Biometrician and a StatisticalAssistant, the latter to help in processing and settirLg out data. The amountof experimental work in Baluchistan is insufficient to justify the appointmentof a statistician. The unit at Sariab would be headed by an AgriculturalEconomist with a Ph.D degree assisted by a second Agricultural Economist and aSociologist. NARC's unit would be larger and more flexible in terms of staffthan the others and would provide in-service training.

3.58 Fully furnished office accommodations would be provided (1,140sq ft at NARC and 760 sq ft at each of the other four locations) on landowned by the respective Institutes. Equipment and vehicles, including aprogrammable calculator would be purchased for each AERU (Annex 9, Tables 14to 19). As a necessary inducement for high grade personnel, provision wouldbe made under the project for the construction of houses for senior staff atall locations except NARC. 1/ Rentable housing is either not available, as atTandojam and Peshawar, or only available at very high rents, as at Faisalabadand Quetta. GOP would be responsible for the cost of purchasing land onwhich to build.

Manpower Development

3.59 A training program would be initiated under the project to helpovercome the constraint of staff shortages (para. 2.30). Training to thePh.D and M.Sc levels would be provided at both overseas and the PakistaniInstitutions. Short-term career development courses for more senior estab-lished scientists would be offered at the international and other overseasresearch institutes. These would include courses in research administrationas well as technical matters. It is expected that 38 PhD courses would beoffered in plant sciences, 18 in animal sciences, six in agricultural economicsand three in agricultural engineering. Of a total 142 Ph.D and M.Sc courses

1/ At the discretion of PARC, one or two staff houses may be allocated foreconomics staff, from the 77 to be constructed at NARC.

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expected to be funded under the project, it is estimated that about one-thirdwould be at Universities in the USA and two-thirds at local and other overseasuniversities. The courses would be selected in response to the needs of theresearch programs including those under control of the provinces. Detailsare given in Annex 9, Tables 20 and 21.

Technical Assistance

3.60 About 20 man-years of technical assistance would be commissioned byPARC under the project. Most would be short-term in nature and be employed toassist PARC in the development and review of specific research programs.Eight man-years would be commissioned for long-term assistance to PARC in:

(a) establishing and assisting the proposed AERUs (2 man-years);

(b) designing and implementing the subproject for the on-farmtesting of extension packages (2 man-years);

(c) assisting PARC in establishing its research administrationprocedures (2 man-years);

(d) establishing AED (2 man-years).

3.61 Terms of reference (TOR) for long-term consultants would be agreedwith IDA before contracts are finalized.

Mid-term Review

3.62 A mid-term review of the progress of the project would be conductedin Project year 3. The review would concentrate on assessing progress towardsattaining technical objectives and the aims of agricultural research. Therelationship of PARC to the provinces and the effects of this on the implemen-tation of CRGS would also be reviewed. The mid-term review would be the basisfor the design of any subsequent agricultural research project. At negotia-tions, assurances were obtained that TOR and composition of the review teamwould be agreed with IDA before July 31, 1983. Draft TOR are provided inProject File, Item 12.

IV. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING

A. Cost Estimates

4.01 Total project costs over a five-year period are estimated atUS$40.0 M equivalent. The foreign exchange component is estimated atUS$17.8 M, about 44% of the project cost. Costs include duties and taxesestimated at US$3.3 M. Physical contingencies of 15% are included on allcivil works, 10% on all equipment and 5% on operating costs. The projectwould require about 20 man-years of consultancy services at an estimated total

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cost of US$2.7 M. The average man-month costs for local consultants isestimated at US$1,000 and for overseas consultants at US$9,500, includingsalary, reimbursables and international travel.

4.02 Price contingencies have been applied in accordance with currentBank estimates of expected inflation rates for PakistaLn (1981 - 9.0%, 1982 -8.0%, 1983-85 - 7.0%). for both local and foreign costs and compoundedaccordingly. Total contingencies amount to about 20% of project costs.Project costs are based on findings at appraisal updated to December 1980.Details in Annex 9, Table 1 are summarized below:

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Summary of Project Costs by Components

Rs Million US$ MillionLocal Foreign Total Local Foreign Total

PARC

Administration 24.58 7.77 32.35 2.48 0.79 3.27Research Information 7.70 4.62 12.32 0.78 0.46 1.24Lab. Equipment Main-

tenance 2.30 1.34 3.64 0.23 0.14 0.37Civil Engineering Unit 5.81 1.46 7.27 0.58 0.15 0.73

NARC

Station Development 12.49 5.36 17.85 1.26 0.54 1.80Plant Sciences 40.37 11.92 52.29 4.08 1.20 5.28Animal Sciences 14.59 8.60 23.19 1.47 0.87 2.34Plant Introduction 7.99 2.16 10.15 0.81 0.22 1.03Oilseeds 5.05 2.76 7.81 0.51 0.28 0.79Cereal Oilseeds 2.41 1.49 3.90 0.24 0.15 0.39Agric. Engineering 7.76 3.56 11.32 0.78 0.36 1.14Agric. Economics Unit 13.95 5.41 19.36 1.41 0.55 1.96Contractual Res. Grants 27.00 18.00 45.00 2.73 1.82 4.55Training 0.98 47.57 48.55 0.10 4.80 4.90Technical Assistance 1.28 19.96 21.24 0.13 2.02 2.15Mid-term Review 0.10 0.59 0.69 0.01 0.06 0.07TOTAL BASE COST - 174.36 142.57 316.93 17.60 14.41 32.01

Physical Contingencies 8.67 5.40 14.07 0.88 0.54 1.42Price Contingencies 37.54 27.96 65.50 3.80 2.82 6.62TOTAL PROJECT COST 220.57 175.93 396.50 22.28 17.77 40.05

Summary of Project Costs by Expenditure

Civil Works 47.07 20.18 67.25 4.75 2.04 6.79Vehicles 1.80 1.19 2.99 0.18 0.12 0.30Field Equipment 2.17 6.19 8.36 0.22 0.62 0.84Lab Equipment 2.70 2.39 5.09 0.27 0.24 0.51Other Equipment 3.08 1.34 4.42 0.31 0.14 0.45Incremental Staff 73.92 - 73.92 7.47 - 7.47Incremental Operating 14.26 25.16 39.42 1.43 2.55 3.98Contractual Res. Grants 27.00 18.00 45.00 2.73 1.82 4.55Training 0.98 47.57 48.55 0.10 4.80 4.90Technical Assistance 1.28 19.96 21.24 0.13 2.02 2.15Mid-term Review 0.10 0.59 0.69 0.01 0.06 0.07TOTAL BASE COST - 174.36 142.57 316.93 17.60 14.41 32.01

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B. Proposed Financing

4.03 Financing to cover total net project costs of Rs 396 M (US$400C -,including contingencies, would be provided as follows:

OtherTechnical DevelopmentAssistance Training Costs Total % of Total-------------- - ---- US$ M-----------

GOP - - 16.0 16.0 40IDA 2.7 6.0 15.3 24.0 60

Total 2.7 6.0 31.3 40.0 100

4.04 The proposed IDA credit of US$24 M would be to GOP on standardterms and conditions and would finance 65% of net project cost including allforeign exchange costs and 28% of local costs. GOP would finance the remain-ing net costs of US$16.0 M which includes an estimated US$3.3M in taxes andduties. IDA funds would be channeled to PARC in accordance with GOP standardarrangements for IDA assisted projects. An assurance was obtained at nego-tiations that PARC would submit for IDA review annual budgetary proposals forproject activities, before March 1 of each year. A PC. 1 consistent with thisreport has received anticipatory approval by ECNEC. 1/

4.05 In order to ensure an early start to the project, retroactivefinancing of about US$0.2M is recommended for expenditure incurred afterOctober 1980 for preparation of plans, specifications and drawings for majorcivil works items.

Procurement and Disbursement

4.06 The main items to be financed with the proposed IDA credit are:vehicles, civil works, farm machinery, laboratory equipment, office equipmentand furniture, training, technical assistance and salary costs of incrementalstaff added under the project.

4.07 Civil Works. All major civil works, estimated to cost a total ofUS$6.4 M equivalent, for PARC and NARC in Islamabad would be procured throughinternational competitive bidding (ICB) in accordance with Bank Group guide-lines. Other civil works which would be relatively small and/or geographicallyscattered would not be suitable for ICB; contracts would be let under localcompetitive bidding procedures satisfactory to IDA.

4.08 Equipment. Farm equipment, livestock and vehicle requirements wouldbe bulked whenever possible and contracts above US$50,000 equivalent would beprocured by ICB in accordance with Bank Group guidelines. Contracts which

1/ A PC-1 (Planning Commission Proforma Number one) is an outline of theproject and project costs necessary for GOP approval procedures.

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cannot be grouped into purchases of US$50,000 equivalent, and specializedlaboratory and research materials and equipment, would be procured by limitedinternational tendering.

4.09 All procurement would be arranged through the PARC procurement unit(para. 5.07).

4.10 Disbursement. Disbursement under the credit would extend over fiveyears and would be against:

(a) 80% of contractual payments for civil works;

(b) 100% of foreign expenditures for directly imported equipment,furniture and vehicles or, in the case of locally manufactureditems, 100% of ex-works prices;

(c) 50% of expenditures for imported equipment locally procured;

(d) 100% of foreign and local expenditures for training andtechnical assistance;

(e) 70% of total cost of contractual research subprojects; and

(f) 27% (average) of expenditures on incremental staff schemes ona declining basis; 50% of expenditures in FY1982 and 25% inFY1983 and thereafter.

4.11 Disbursements would be made against full documentation except for(f) above for which disbursements would be against certified consolidatedstatements of actual expenditures. The documents supporting statements ofexpenditure would not be submitted for IDA review but would be retained byGOP. These documents would be made available for inspection by IDA duringreview mission.

4.12 Disbursements for contractual research subprojects would be at sixmonthly intervals and be against the advances made by PARC to cooperatingagencies.

Accounts and Audit

4.13 PARC and the cooperating agencies would maintain separate recordsand accounts for the project. Under the revised ordinance PARC's accountsare to be audited by private firms. Auditors employed by PARC would make fieldinspections of subproject and Agricultural Economic Research Unit accounts.Institutions participating in the Contractual Research Grant Scheme would berequired, as a condition of participation, to give an undertaking that theseauditing arrangements would be accepted.

4.14 Assurances were obtained at negotiations that during the projectperiod a certified copy of PARC's accounts and financial statements and thedetailed auditor's reports would be submitted to IDA within six months follow-ing the end of a financial year.

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Impact on Government Budget Funding

4.15 GOP's commitment to improved agricultural reslearch and PARC's centralcoordinating role implies provision by GOP of a substantially higher level offunds annually to operate PARC and its related research programs. Out ofMINFA's Rs 785 M annual non-development budget allocation for 1980/81, Rs 22 Mwas for PARC operations. Beginning next financial year (1981/82) under itsagreement with USAID, GOP will incorporate into non-development funding theannual costs of the cooperative research projects (Rs 22.0 M), the operationsof NARC (Rs 6.5 M) and the yearly level of Rs 20 M for collaborative researchprojects. 1/

4.16 At the completion of the proposed IDA financed project, GOP willcontinue to ensure payment of the salaries and operating costs of incrementalstaff and also maintain and replace civil works and equipment financed underthe project. In constant 1980 prices, this is expected to amount to Rs 38.1 Mannually. The precise source or method of funding these future incrementaloperating costs are uncertain, so at this stage, it is impossible to assertthat the necessary funds would be available. However, PARC estimates thatunder the new ordinance as proposed, the cess fund would have amounted toRs 40 M this year instead of the usual annual estimate of about Rs 6.0 M,so it could be expected that the project-induced increase in PARC's annualoperating cost should not pose serious difficulties.

V. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

5.01 PARC would manage the project reporting to MINFA through ARD ofwhich the Chairman PARC is head. PARC is an autonomous organization withthe necessary legal powers to do so.

5.02 The Chairman of PARC is its Chief Executive, Chairman of its Execu-tive Board, and responsible for the administration of the policy decisionstaken by the Council. The chairman has adequate powers to assume overallresponsibility for project implementation. PARC administration would bestrengthened in strategic areas to facilitate the efficient implementation,operation, monitoring and evaluation of project components. In particular,incremental staff and facilities would be provided for financial planning,audit, accounts, procurement, civil works supervision and planning.

5.03 Each member of the Executive Board (MEB) would plan, coordinate,supervise and guide activities in the relevant sections of PARC. Becauseof the project, the workload of MEB would be substantially increased. PARCalready has plans to split the responsibilities of the Member Plant Sciencesinto Plant Sciences and Natural Resources, and to appoint an additional MEBto be responsible for the additional topic. With its membership increased tofive, the Executive Board should be able to carry out its responsibilities.Assurances were obtained at negotiations that this additional MEB would beappointed before December 31, 1981.

1/ Supported through fiscal year 1980 by PL 480 funds.

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The Project Implementation Unit

5.04 The five MEB would constitute a Project Implementation Unit (PIU)with one MEB appointed chairman. The secretary for the unit has already beenidentified and an additional Senior Programs Officer, Data Analyst and supportstaff would be provided. This unit would be responsible for the day-to-dayimplementation and operation of the project and would monitor and evaluateprogress continuously in terms of key indicators and targets. Reports wouldbe collected from the agencies involved in implementing project components andwould be consolidated into quarterly reports for forwarding to IDA.

Supervision of Construction

5.05 The supervision of project civil works both at PARC, NARC and AERUsand also any which may be required under CRGS, would be the responsibilityof the project's Executive Engineer who would be head of the Civil EngineeringUnit (CEU) of PARC, and report directly to the PARC Chairman. CEU staff wouldbe increased by three Assistant Engineers and three Overseers to permit it tohandle satisfactorily administrative work associated with building contracts,supervision of construction and certificates of acceptance of final work.Assurances were obtained at negotiations that the additional Engineers andSupervisors would be appointed before September 30, 1981.

5.06 CEU would not employ skilled artisans or laborers and thereforeto ensure satisfactory maintenance of buildings, including those at CDRI andAERU's, CEU would engage suitable engineering, construction or maintenanceorganizations to carry out necessary work on a contractual basis.

Procurement

5.07 The PARC procurement section, under the Secretary of PARC, would bestrengthened by the addition of two Procurement Officers and a Stores Account-ant, and would arrange procurement packages, specifications, tender documentsand bid evaluations both for PARC and NARC and for CRGS. PIU would be keptconstantly informed of progress of procurement.

Training and Technical Assistance Support

5.08 The PARC Training and International Liaison Unit would be enlargedby the provision of five senior staff to enable it to provide adequatesupport for:

(a) the selection of candidates for training, their placementat overseas universities, monitoring trainee performanceand servicing trainee needs while in training, and

(b) recruitment and supporting consultant needs within Pakistanin terms of salary payments, visas, housing, transport andadministrative assistance.

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Secretariat and Chairman's Office

5.09 A Personnel Officer and two Assistants would be added in order toassist the Chairman and to implement the personnel management scheme whichwill result from the revised PARC ordinance.

Financial Management Services

5.10 The Financial Management Services (FMS) of PARC under the MemberFinance would be established by redeploying existing staff and adding 13 newaccounting and auditing staff which would include two Deputy Directors tohead the internal Audit and Accounts Units of NARC. Assurances were obtainedthat a suitably qualified head of FMS would be appointed before September 30,1981.

5.11 New units would be established for internal audit, financial plan-ning and NARC inventory control. PARC would handle all consolidated accountsand control the overall budgets of NARC and other PARC Institutes. FMS wouldbe responsible for preparing financial reports and plans and for the annualstatements of accounts for external auditing.

5.12 PARC has already recognized the need to install an improved account-ing system to cope with the increased volume and complexity of its operations.A new accounting system whose salient features are described in Annex 4 isnow being introduced and assurances were obtained at negotiations that PARCwould fully implement this new system with assistance from locally recruitedconsultants before December 31, 1982.

Contractual Research Grant Scheme

5.13 PARC would act as trustee for funds to be allocated for the supportof subprojects, ad hoc research programs and coordinated research projects tobe executed by the universities and provincial institutions. The aim of theCRGS would be to fill research gaps for which funds are not available. Theprocedures for the preparation, review and approval of subprojects would bebased on those established by PARC. Outlines of the procedures agreed atnegotiations are given in Annex 6.

5.14 For an approved subproject, a PC.1 form would be initiated and tech-nically completed by the office of the Executive Board Member responsiblefor the discipline under which the subproject falls. The financial planningof the project would then be coordinated with FMS and the latter would finalizethe PC.1 form and be responsible for its further processing. Subprojects upto Rs 5.0 M will be approved by PARC. Subprojects costing more than Rs 5 Mrequire final approval by the CDWP (subprojects below Rs 20 M) or ECNEC(projects above Rs 20 M). Assurances were obtained at negotiations that thefirst five subproject proposals and all those over Rs 10 M would be sent toIDA for review before final approval.

5.15 The technical guidance and day to day administration for the approvedsubproject would be provided by the Director of the Institute concerned.Accounts and audits would be the responsibility of PARC.

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5.16 FMS would arrange for the inclusion of the subprojects in the annualdevelopment program of GOP and the provision of funds for the following years.Funds provided for the subproject would be 100% additional to the budgets ofthe institutions concerned.

5.17 Funds would be released to the implementing institutions by PARCaccording to existing arrangements, i.e., 75% of the annual allocation assoon as the subproject is approved and 25% during the final quarter; thenquarterly, on a reimbursable basis.

5.18 In addition to the subprojects which were identified during theresearch review, i.e., water management, poultry, artificial insemination,range management and inland fisheries, additional research subprojects wouldbe directed towards the priorities outlined in the National AgriculturalResearch Plan. This plan is therefore essential for the efficient functioningof the scheme and assurances were obtained at negotiations that the plan wouldbe forwarded to IDA for review before June 30, 1982.

Agricultural Economics Research Units

5.19 The Agricultural Economics Research Units would operate under thetechnical and administrative control of the Director-General of the respectiveprovincial agricultural research institutes. However, PARC would find allcosts involved in this operation and would produce separate statements forexpenditures suitable for reimbursement purposes. PARC has prepared a colla-borative work program involving the social and biological scientists for eachlocation, and would provide technical guidance and undertake critical evalua-tion of the research work at each location twice a year--after Rabi and Kharifseasons. The annual evaluation reports would provide the basis for planningactivities for the following year.

PARC Support Services

5.20 PARC support services to other agricultural research institutionswould be provided free of charge. The Research Information Unit would beresponsible for providing requested material, for maintaining professionallinkages with libraries in Pakistan and for locating sources of information.The Equipment Maintenance and Repair Unit would arrange for its techniciansand mechanics to visit research institutions and if possible complete main-tenance and repairs on site. More complex machines and difficult repairswould be brought to the central workshop facilities by the travelling staffor sent there for repairs by the institution concerned. Each institutionwould be visited once each year, with more frequent visits arranged in theearly years of the project.

Training

5.21 The project would fund 65 Ph D degree fellowships; 77 M Sc degreefellowships and about 85 short-term career development courses which wouldbe 3-8 months in duration. These fellowships would be allocated on a prioritybasis to satisfy the needs of project supported research programs and those ofinstitutions participating in CRGS.

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5.22 Research staff at all institutions would be eligible to participatein the training program, but training would be initially offered to coverthe major requirements of the research programs supported under the project.Where possible, arrangements would be made for thesis work to be completedat research institutions in Pakistan.

5.23 The distribution of the higher degree training courses between thevarious institutions and research programs would be the responsibility ofPARC. PARC would select candidates according to a revised and streamlinedselection procedure which has been prepared and which is presently being con-sidered by both federal and provincial government departments. The previousprocedures were cumbersome and frequently so delayed candidate selection thatplaces at overseas universities were cancelled. Assurances were obtained atnegotiations that the revised selection procedures would be approved by GOPbefore December 31, 1981. A draft of the proposal is given in Annex 5.

5.24 The placement of trainees and the administration of the trainingprogram would be the responsibility of PARC. When necessary, assistance withplacement, courses of study and servicing trainee needs would be provided bythe contracted consultancy agencies which would provide technical assistance(para 5.27).

5.25 Short-term career development programs would lbe at the internationaland other overseas research institutes and would focus on specialized tech-niques and information needed to develop research programs in Pakistan.

5.26 PARC would continue to encourage active interaction with provincialextension and research staff by arranging seminars and workshops on an annualor ad hoc basis. The PARC secretariat building would be equipped with specialfacilities for these meetings.

Technical Assistance

5.27 About 8 man-years of long-term technical assistance and 12 man-yearsof short-term consultancy services would be provided under the project. It isexpected that technical assistance for strengthening PARC administrativeservices would be provided by local consultancy firms. Other consultants wouldbe obtained through contracts with appropriate consultancy firms experiencedin employing research personnel abroad. Similar arrangements would be employedto obtain assistance in arranging training (para 5.24). Assurances wereobtained at negotiations that such firms would be employed under TOR and con-tract conditions acceptable to IDA and that contractual arrangements for theprovision of consultants to assist in research program design would be fina-lized before September 30, 1981.

5.28 The design and implementation of some research programs and subproj-ects would require specialized expertise. This would be provided mainly byshort-term visits by consultants employed for the purpose, but if necessary,some longer term consultants would also be employed. All consultants wouldbe available to assist provincial organizations with subproject preparation.The initial fields in which short-term consultants would be required areidentified in Project File, Item 3.

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5.29 Technical assistance provided under the project would complementthat provided by aid agencies such as CIDA, which has agreed to provide con-sultants for oilseeds research, particularly on safflower, rape and sunflower.

Monitoring and Evaluation

5.30 Monitoring of civil works construction would be the responsibilityof the Chairman, PARC, and would be based on quarterly reports prepared bythe Executive Engineer in charge of the CEU and forwarded through PIU. Thesereports would include a description of the work planned for the followingquarter. Quarterly reports on procurement would be prepared by the Procure-ment Section of PARC for PIU. Both reports would be forwarded to IDA eachquarter.

5.31 The overall technical monitoring of the research conducted directlyby NARC and CDRI, and that conducted under CRGS, and by AERUs would be theresponsibility of the PARC Executive Board. The agencies would all providequarterly progress reports. Appropriate records would be maintained by theResearch Information Unit (as part of the CAREPLANS and CRISP managementschemes 1/). Assurances were obtained at negotiations that PARC would produceregularly its annual report and also research plans which would includerevisions of research objectives and proposals for redirecting or initiatingresearch programs. These reports would be forwarded to IDA for review.

5.32 Each organization participating in CRGS would provide PARC with sixmonthly fiscal and technical progress reports on subprojects under its manage-ment. These would be examined by either the audit section of FMS or thetechnical committees and Executive Board as appropriate. In addition, theSecretary PARC would arrange annual field reviews of subprojects by teams ofdistinguished Pakistani scientists selected by the Executive Board. The teamswould interview research workers, inspect the experimental work, examine thedata and published material and discuss any required changes in researchplans. The teams would produce a report on each subproject following thefield review. No funds would be released for the following year in the caseof subprojects for which annual reports had not been received. Assuranceswere obtained at negotiations that reports of the internal monitoring teamsand quarterly reports would be forwarded to IDA within one month of receipt.

5.33 Mid-term Review. A mid-term review of all research activitiesfunded under the project would be commissioned by PARC and conducted by aninternationally recruited team of scientists. About six months of interna-tional consultancy services are provided under the project for the purpose.The review team would:

(a) examine the procedure for selection of subprojects andreview the decisions made by the technical committeesand Executive Board;

(b) review the operation of PARC's internal system for moni-toring research;

1/ Details are given in Project File, Items 1 and 2.

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(c) determine the relevance of the research supported withreference to the priorities outlined in the NationalAgricultural Research Plan;

(d) make on-site assessments of progress of research inselected areas;

(e) assess the quality of the research conducted and researchworkers employed under the project and the relevance ofresults likely to be obtained to local farming conditionsand needs of farmers; and

(f) evaluate with assistance from extension personnel and staffof AERU's the possible and realized impact of the projecton farm yields and economics.

The consultants would produce a report that would include recommendations forchanges in subproject design and identify possible components to be includedin any second phase project.

VI. BENEFITS, JUSTIFICATION AND RISKS

Benefits

6.01 The yields of major crops and animal products in Pakistan haveremained relatively unchanged over the past decade. Consequently, overallproduction of staples is barely keeping pace with population growth. Projectfacilitated research would concentrate on problem-oriented programs in criticalareas, some of which have either been relatively neglected in the past orclearly need intensified research efforts. This includes almost all aspectsof animal sciences, the integration of animal and fodder production, and theproduction of oilseeds and foodgrains.

6.02 Because the uncertain nature of research defies averaging betweensuccess and failure, it is impossible to quantify benLefits from agriculturalresearch in precise terms. Even when research prograLms produce useful tech-nology, their application depends on the efficiency cif extension and othersupplementary farmer support services, and possible lags in farmer adoption,increase the scope for error in estimating potential economic benefits.

6.03 Some ex-post evaluations of individual crop research programs inLatin America yielded rates of return in the range of 35-90% and similaranalyses in USA and other developed countries have given lower, but stillstrongly positive results. Studies in India of the effects of the greenrevolution yielded internal rates of return between 35% and 112%. Allstudies point to an unusually high payoff from applied research in developingcountries, and similar results can be confidently expected in Pakistan.

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Institutional Impact

6.04 The project is designed to improve the institutional arrangementsfor the planning, monitoring, funding and implementing agricultural researchprograms in Pakistan. As the first stage of a longer term program of researchimprovement, it would concentrate on in the establishment of a strong federalagency able to coordinate the nation's research efforts. Benefits wouldaccrue from the strengthened PARC ability to redirect research from unproduc-tive areas to those of high priority; the reduction in wastage of valuable andscarce resources resulting from the rationalization of research efforts andthe elimination of duplication; and improved cooperation between scientists.

Risks

6.05 There is a risk that the results of research conducted under theproject may not be appropriate to farmers' needs or, if appropriate, may notbe conveyed to or used by farmers. The project is designed to minimize thisrisk through its rationalization of the procedure for the design of researchprograms. These involve work inputs from both extension personnel andfarmers. The staff of PARC are of high calibre and fully aware of the need toencourage research on farmer problems. The subprojects for on-farm testing ofextension packages and agro-economics research have been designed to provideresearch workers with direct contact with both farmers and extension services.

6.06 The project involves provincial institutions only to a relativelylimited extent (para 3.02). If necessary, it could be implemented withFederal Government support only, but this would be undesirable as furtherdevelopment of a truly national agricultural research system would require thecooperation of the provinces. To obtain this cooperation, PARC must clearlydemonstrate its leadership and capability in agricultural research planning,coordination, evaluation and financing. The project aims to establish PARCin this role and its standing and power vis a vis the provinces will also bestrengthened (para 3.06). In addition, the provision under the project ofresearch grants, training opportunities and assistance in agricultural econo-mics research are incentives for provincial cooperation and for the creationof a favorable atmosphere in which greater provincial cooperation would beforthcoming for the design and implementation of subsequent, more provinciallyoriented investments in agricultural research.

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS

7.01 During negotiations, the Association and GOP agreed that:

(a) GOP would provide sufficient funds to maintain ongoingNARC research programs, the coordinated research proj-ec_ts and the collaborative research scheme at adequatelevels (para. 3.08);

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(b) Annual statements of planned expenditure, and summariesof budgeting proposals and allocations would be forwardedto IDA before March 1 of each year (para 3.08);

(c) A Director General for NARC (with qualifications andexperience satisfactory to IDA) and Directors for Soiland Water Management, Range Management, Animal Sciences,Oilseeds, Plant Introduction and Genetic Resources, andAgricultural Engineering Divisions would be appointed byDecember 31, 1981 (paras 3.09, 3.31, 3.41, 3.44, 3.47and 3.49);

(d) TOR and composition of the mid-term review team would beagreed with IDA before July 31, 1983 (para. 3.62);

(e) PARC would furnish IDA with annual budgetary proposals forproject activities before March 1 of each year (para 4.04);

(f) Certified copies of PARC's accounts and financial statementsand auditor's reports would be submitted to IDA within sixmonths of the end of a financial year (para. 4.14);

(g) An additional MEB would be appointed before December 31,1981 (para. 5.03);

(h) Civil engineers and supervisors would be appointed beforeSeptember 30, 1981 (para. 5.05);

(i) A head of FMS would be appointed before September 30,1981 (para. 5.10);

(j) The new accounting system would be fully imp:Lemented beforeDecember 31, 1982 (para. 5.12);

(k) The first five subproject proposals and all ithose costingmore than Rs 10 M would be sent to IDA for review beforefinal approval (para. 5.14);

(1) A National Agricultural Research Plan would be forwardedto IDA for review before June 30, 1982 (para. 5.18);

(m) The revised selection procedures for trainees would beapproved by GOP before December 31, 1981 (para. 5.23);

(n) Appropriate consultancy firms would be employed toprovide consultants under TOR and contract conditionssatisfactory to IDA before September 30, 1981 (para.5.27); and

(o) Annual reports and research plans would be forwardedregularly to IDA for review (para. 5.31).

7.02 With these conditions and assurances, the project would be suitablefor a credit of US$24.00 M to GOP on standard IDA terms. Approval of the PC.1by ECNEC is a condition of credit effectiveness.

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ANNEX 1Page 1

PAKISTAN


Major Recommendations from Agricultural Research Subsector Review2961-PAK, May 21, 1980

1. The urgently needed increase in Pakistan's agricultural productionwill come mainly from improved organization for the application of existingknowledge. This will depend critically on better adaptive research and onbetter diagnostic and technical support for farmers. There is, therefore,a strong case for a project to strengthen these aspects of agriculturalresearch and development.

2. The mission endorses the high priority given for improvement ofagricultural extension services in Pakistan which is already the subject oftwo IBRD/GOP projects.

3. The mission also recognizes the need to improve urgently the tech-nologies now available for extension and therefore recommends strengtheningthe national system for research in renewable natural resources by the designof investment projects which include or facilitate the following:

(a) Rationalization of the agricultural research activities ofthe federal government by reserving to the appropriate Min-istries the formulation of national policy for the develop-ment of renewable natural resources, while allotting toPARC full responsibility for federal action in the genera-tion of improved technology for crop and animal production,fisheries and forestry;

(b) PARC should be charged with the development, in cooperationwith the provinces, of clearly defined national objectivesand priorities for agricultural research. These objectivesand priorities should be published as the basis for theallocation of federal funds for support of research;

(c) New research institutions and other research innovationswhich require federal funding should be appraised andrecommended by PARC;

(d}1 P&RC's constitution should be made genuinely autonomous,granting freedom from the present dependence on severalfederal ministries and ability to appoint all staff;

(e) As an autonomous body, with major responsibilities forcoordination of publicly funded agricultural researchinto a national effort, the Council needs authority todeal directly with the provinces on research matters.

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ANNEX IPage 2

GOP should take immediate action to authorize this procedure,since present restrictions are severely impeding researchprogress;

(f) PARC should offer career opportunities to able scientistsand salary rates should be comparable with those at theuniversities and the Nuclear Institutes for Agricultureand Biology;

(g) A system of promotion by merit rather than by seniorityshould be introduced by provincial research services andPARC should devise and implement such a system for itsown staff;

(h) PARC should appoint a further three full-time ExecutiveMembers: (i) a member for research in soil and watermanagement, whose main concern should be the betterintegration of agricultural studies with those ofirrigation and drainage; (ii) a member for watershedmanagement, forestry, rangeland management and aridlands research; and (iii) a member for fisheries;

(i) An experienced consultant should be engaged to assist PARCin streamlining its own internal procedures. These internalimprovements should be given high priority to avoid creationof administrative delays and to ensure the development of aresponsive organization with a keen sense of service to theagricultural community;

(j) National research activities have become dependent on theflow of "PL 480" funds. GOP should continue, without in-terruption, the provision through PARC of adequate fundsto ensure the present level of agricultura;l researchefforts and make additional arrangements to increase thefuture funds available;

(k) PARC should be responsible for the organization of visitinggroups, drawn, in consultation with the provinces, fromleading scientists throughout the country, to review majorresearch institutes and programs at suitab:Le intervals;

(1) The Forest Research Institute and the Nuclear Institutesfor Agriculture and Biology established by the PakistanAtomic Energy Commission should ultimately become constit-uent institutes of PARC. Consideration should also begiven to the incorporation of the Cotton Research Instituteof PCCC and the Soil Survey of Pakistan into the nationalagricultural research service;

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ANNEX 1Page 3

(n) PARC should be authorized to establish a national procedurefor selection of outstanding young scientists for overseastraining and for attendance at overseas seminars and studygroups. After approval of an overseas training agreementby the Federal Economic Affairs Division of the Ministryof Finance, the Council should have authority to implementthe agreement without the necessity for reference to otherdepartments;

(n) PARC should develop a strong national agricultural researchservice with the quality and qualifications to undertakenational coordination and support of provincial research.PARC should be responsible for providing much-needed tech-nical supporting services to the provinces for (i) libraryand scientific information services, (ii) biometric andcomputing services; and (iii) laboratory instrumentmaintenance;

(o) PARC should reinforce selected provincial research centersto enable them to function as national lead-centers forparticular crops, livestock or commodities;

(p) The provinces should remain responsible for the verificationand adaptation of technologies, including the breeding ofcereal crop varieties for local conditions, while PARCshould develop and strengthen the national testing schemesfor crop varieties;

(q) Support should be provided to enable Agricultural Universi-ties and Agricultural Research Institutes to undertake jointresearch programs using the facilities of both organizations;

(r) In cooperation with provincial authorities, PARC shouldestablish a network of research units in agriculturaleconomics at NARC, Islamabad and at the AgriculturalResearch Institutes at Faisalabad, Tandojam, Peshawarand Quetta. Ad hoc investigations by universities andother organizations should be funded by PARC;

(s) PARC should play an active role in supporting a coordinatednational research and development program in barani areaswith emphasis on local adaptation of internationally knowntechnology for agronomic and engineering aspects of inte-grated crop and livestock production, and conservation ofsoil and water;

(t) PARC should establish new national research institutionsonly in those few areas where serious gaps remain in theexisting provision. In order of priority, these are:

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ANNEX IPage 4

(i) A Marine Fisheries Research Institute;

(ii) The Forestry Research Institute should be reinforcedby strong national units for Range Management and forWatershed Hydrology;

(iii) A joint development with WAPDA should expand thehighly successful Mona irrigation scheme to providemore improvement of agricultural aspects of irrigatedcrop technology as well as the continued developmentof engineering methods of water distribution at thevillage level;

(iv) An Institute for Research on the Control of Pests andDiseases should be assembled from the successful smallresearch units now operated by PARC, including a rein-forced Cereal Diseases Research Institute;

(v) A Sugar Research Institute should be set up in closepartnership with the sugar industry;

(vi) The Zoology Department of Faisalabad AgriculturalUniversity should be reinforced by a strong nationalunit for inland fisheries research and training; and

(vii) The AI service organization at Lahore and the PoultryResearch Institute at Karachi should bes stronglyreinforced.

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Annex 2

PAKISTAN


Staff of Agricultural Research Establishments

Sr. StaffNo. Name of the Institute Ph.D M.Sc. B.Sc. Total1. Agricultural Rasearch Institute, Sariab, Quetta, Baluchistan 3 29 34 662. Agrtcultural Research Institute, Tandojam 1 86 44 1313. Agricultural Rasearch Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar, NWFP 5 75 178 2584. Animal Husbandry Laboratory, Karachi. Sind - - 2 25.* Arid Zone Research Institute, Quetta, Baluchistan - 8 3 116. Atomic Energy Agricultural Research Center, Tandojam, Sind 15 25 3 437.* Cereal Diseases Research Institute, Islamabad 3 13 6 228. College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore 2 30 11 439. Comeonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Rawalpindi 4 19 2 2510. Cotton Research Institute, Multan 4 19 15 3811. Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand 1 17 6 2412. Directorate of Land Reclamation Punjab, Lahore - 15 82 9713. Directorate of Marine Fisheries, Karachi - 9 11 2014. Directorate of Soil Conservation Punjab, Rawalpindi - 9 32 4115. Directorate of Wool/Hair and Hutton Production, Punjab, Multan - 1 22 2316.* Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan, Latifabad, Eyderabad - 8 5 1317. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peshawar 7 13 46 6618. Fine Wool Sheep Farm, Sarai Karishna, Mianwali - 1 2 319. Fisheries Research Institute, Qadirabad, Gujranwala 1 4 9 1420. Institute of Coqton Research and Technology, Karachi 1 10 24 3521. Irrigation, Drainage & Flood Control Research Council, Rawalpindi 1 19 4 2422. Irrigation Research Institute, Lahore 1 11 21 3323. Kamori Goat Farm, Khudabad, Dadu, Sind - - 2 224. Livestock Development & Research Farm for Kundi Buffalo, Rohri, Sind - - 1 125. Livestock Experiment Station, Angora Goat, Muzaffargarh - 2 3 526. Livestock Experiment Station, Fazilpur, Dera Ghazi Khan - 2 4 627. Livestock Experiment Station, Hasilpur - 1 1 228. Livestock Experiment Station, Jaba, Mansehra, Hazara - - 2 229. Livestock Experiment Station, Karachi - - 3 330. Livestock Experiment Station, Khairemurat, Attack - 2 1 331. Livestock Experiment Station, Khushab - - 2 232. Livestock Experiment Station, tabisar Road, Tharparkar - - 5 533.* Livestock Experiment Station, Qadirabad, Sahiwal - - 5 534. Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara 3 12 26 4135. Maize & Millet Research Institute, Pirsabadk, Nowshera 2 7 19 2836.* Maize & Millet Research Institute, Yousafwala, Sahival 2 11 12 2537.* National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad 1 2 1 438. Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology, Faisalabad 20 55 17 9239. Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 3 14 8 2540.* Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad 2 23 6 3141. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad 17 75 52 14442. Pakistan Central Cotton Committee, Karachi - 2 - 243. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar 5 34 25 6444. Pakistan Tobacco Board, Peshawar 1 16 23 4045.* Plant Protection Institute, Faisalabad 1 42 1 4446. Poultry Research Institute, Karachi - 12 4 1647. Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi - 7 39 4648. Punjab Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 18 299 187 iO449.* Rapid Soil Fertility Survey & Soil Testing Institute, Lahore 1 30 19 5050. Red Sindhi Cattle Breeding Farm, Tando Mohamad Khan - - 3 351. Rice Research Institute, Dokri 1 23 10 3452.* Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku 4 21 11 3653. Sericulture Research Laboratory, Lahore - 2 3 554. Silvicultural Research Division, Hyderabad - 1 4 555. Silvicultural Research Forest Division, Lahore - 1 4 556. Sind Agriculture University, Tandojam 16 123 23 16257,* Sind Horticultural Institute, Mirpurkhas 1 9 13 2358. Soil Mechanics & Hydraulics Laboratory, Karachi - 1 4 559. Soil Survey of Pakistan, Lahore 3 42 26 7160. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 95 219 47 36161* Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad - 33 1 3462. Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore 1 16 45 6263. Veterinary Research lastitute, Peshawar 1 7 16 2464. Water Quality and Soil Monitoring Directorate, Lahore 1 38 39 7865.* Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad 2 31 3 36

Totals 233 1,405 1,196 2,834

* Staff numbers not added to total because they are already included under the respective parent establishment.

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ANNEX 3

PAKISTAN


Key Staff Vacancies to be Filled by GOP at PARC

Director - Scientific InformationDirector - Range Management and ForestryDeputy Director - FisheriesDeputy Director - EntomologyDeputy Director - CropsDocumentation OfficerDeputy Director - PlanningDeputy Director - CAREPLANSAccounts OfficerTransport OfficerAssistant Secretary - Administration

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ANNEX 4Page 1

PAKISTAN


PARC Accounting Procedures

1. The administrative manuals dealing with personnel management whichwere prepared with assistance from USAID in 1978 have been implemented, butthere has been limited progress developing the proposed accounting systems.

2. PARC accounting systems are now being formulated. Under the formergovernment accounting systems, there were no consistent bookkeeping systems.At the time of appraisal, only three registers, namely payment register, cashreceipt book and voucher registers (payment and journal) were being installed.Only funding sources and expenditure accounts ledgers were in use. Theseprovided adequate data base only for expenditures and income sources.

3. The most important permanent accounts balances such as accountsreceivable, accounts payable, inventories etc. cannot be shown in the trialbalance under the current accounting systems and, neither the financial posi-tion nor cashflow requirement can be established. Until a complete financialsystem is established, bank reconcilliations will be difficult. No recordsof property belonging to the council have been established.

Improvements Required

4. A change in the accounting practices of PARC is needed for acontinued maintenance of adequate financial records. Under the projectPARC's financial planning capability would be improved and a new accountingsystem established which would include:

(a) Establishing a register of all the property type of assetscurrently under the custody and application of PARC;

(b) Establishing PARC's past and present financial obligations;

(c) Establishing records of PARC's debtors;

(d) Installing inventory control systems for both PARC and NARC;

(e) lnstalling an effective imprest (petty cash) fund system; and

(f) Establishing a new accounting system based on accruals.

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ANNEX 4Page 2

5, Consultants would be hired to assist PARC make the necessary changes.At the end of the second project year, PARC would possess adequate accountingprocedures for efficient budgeting planning and control.

6. About 8 man-months of consultants services would be required todesign and implement the new accounting system. However, since PARC audit

for 16 months ending FY79/80 is overdue, an additional three man-months wouldbe required to close PARC books and carry out a complete audit.

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ANNEX 5Page 1

PAKISTAN


Procedures for Overseas Training

1. The list of disciplines and specific subjects in which overseastraining to degree level is to be offered is prepared by committees of spe-cialists headed by the concerned technical members of PARC and approved bythe Chairman, PARC. The deficiency in trained manpower in various disci-plines and the future requirements for the planned development programs inagricultural research are the main considerations in determining the trainingrequirements.

2. The procedure for selection of candidates for overseas traininghas been streamlined to ensure that only capable, well qualified personsare selected instead of the provincial nominees selected primarily becauseof their seniority in service, rather than competence. The following proce-dure is followed for the selection of candidates:

(a) The training facilities are advertised in the national pressgiving full details about the subjects and minimum qualifi-cations required. The information is also supplied to theprovincial governments and heads of institutions who areinvited to send applications of suitable candidates;

(b) Previously, the candidate in provincial service could notapply directly and the provincial government procedurestook a long time to process the nominations before theyreached PARC. Most training opportunities lapsed due tothese delays. The procedure adapted recently enables thecandidates to apply directly, sending an advance copy tothe PARC, while another copy of the application is routedthrough various channels in the provincial government. Ifthe candidate is selected by PARC for training, the inform-ation is sent to his employer in the provincial governmentfor concurrence and release of the candidate for trainingabroad. Invariably, the provincial governments agree tothe proposals;

(c) Applications received are scrutinized by the Training Divi-sion in consultation with the concerned technical divisions;

(d) Selection of successful candidates (principal and alternate)is made by selection committees consisting of project leadersunder the chairmanship of the concerned MEB's;

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AiNNEX 5Page 2

(e) Selections are based on uniform criteria giving due weight-age to academic record, highest level attained and relevantexperience of candidate;

(f) Due consideration is given to the provincial requirementsin selecting candidates. Preference is given to candidatesfrom different provinces for training in disciplines espe-cially requested by the provinces. PARC will endeavor tomeet the provincial requirements for trained manpower byseconding the trained PARC scientists to the provinces,wherever possible. This will be in addition to trainingthe provincial employees in priority areas at the requestof the provinces;

(g) The selected candidates are approved by the Chairman, PARCand transmitted by ARD to the Establishment Division forGOP clearance. Economic Affairs Division (EAD) will giveblanket clearance for the overseas training program underthis project without requiring clearance of individualcandidates. Information about the selected candidateswill however be submitted to EAD by ARD for theirinformation and record;

(h) Selected candidates are given an english language courseand take the TOEFFEL test which is required by most USuniversities;

(i) Selected candidates may be placed in various universitieswith the assistance of various specialized aid or consultancyservices. PARC plans to develop in-house capability to placecandidates in foreign universities with the help of educationalattaches in the Pakistan missions abroad especially in USA andUK;

(j) The progress of trainees is monitored by the technical divi-sions and the training division from the regular progressreports which the trainees have to submit through theirsupervisors.

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ANNEX 6Page 1

PAKISTAN


Guidelines for the Preparation and Approval of Research Subprojects

1. The procedure for preparation would be:

(a) Status Review Committees (SRC) composed of farmers, extensionagents and scientists would determine, with the help of theNational Agricultural Research Plan, the areas requiringresearch for a given commodity;

(b) the Executive Board would approve the recommendation of SRCfor the formulation of subprojects and outline the fieldsin which new projects should be formulated;

(c) PARC would solicit proposals from the provincial agenciesconsidered suitable. The subproject would be prepared by theprovincial organization and universities with the assistanceof the staff of the Agricultural Economics Research Units(paras. 3.56-3.58) who would be stationed in the provinces.These staff would also provide liaison between PARC andorganization concerned during project preparation andimplementation;

(d) PARC would arrange for the technical and financial aspectsof the project to be appraised through its appropriate tech-nical committee system using criteria agreed with IDA atnegotiations. It is expected that the subproject would:

(i) focus on priority problem areas in the agriculturalsector as defined in the National Agricultural ResearchPlan or as outlined in the research review;

(ii) be part of a long-range program of research conductedat the research institution concerned;

(iii) be provided with basic research facilities and keyinvestigators by the institution concerned;

(iv) be based on a complete survey of related research,both on-going and completed, in Pakistan and abroad;

(v) have outlined adequately, the experimental designand procedures;

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ANNEX 6Page 2

(vi) have been prepared in the form prescribed by PARC;

(vii) exclude costs of staff training and technicalassistance;

(viii) request support for subproject expenditures for whichseparate accounts could be maintained, for specializedresearch equipment and the publication of results;

(ix) would not normally include the cost of civil worksconstruction;

(x) be completed in the stipulated time-frame;

(xi) not duplicate other on-going or completed research work;and

(x) explicitly agree to PARC's internal monitoring andevaluation system and accounting and auditing procedures.

2. The project proposal would be judged by the technical committee anda recommendation of its acceptance, rejection or revision would be made tothe Executive Board for consideration and approval. The decision of ExecutiveBoard will be notified to the sponsoring organization.

3. Under GOP regulations, subprojects costing up to Rs 5.0 M can beapproved by PARC. Those costing more than Rs 5 M require final approvaleither by CDWP (subprojects below Rs 20 M) or ECNEC (subprojects aboveRs 20 M).

-58-

ANNEX 7

PAKISTAN


Estimated IDA Disbursements(US$ million)

IDA Quarter Cumulative

FY82123 0.2 0.24 1.6 1.8

FY831 1.7 3.52 1.6 5.13 1.5 6.64 1.8 8.4

FY841 2.0 10.42 2.0 12.43 1.7 14.14 1.3 15.4

FY851 1.3 16.72 1.3 18.03 1.2 19.24 0.9 20.1

FY861 0.9 21.02 1.1 22.13 1.0 23.14 0.9 24.0

-59-

Annex 8

PAKISTANAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Activity FY | Y 82 FY 83 FY84 FY 85 pY 86QTR 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1. PARC/NARC Civil Works . ______________

Selection of Consultants

Appointment of Consultants 1'Schematic Design_ ll

Design Development

Construction Documents

Bid Documents

Bidding I _ _ I

Contract Award

Construction (PARC) ______-__________

Defects Liability Period (PARC) I

Construction (NARC) _____

Defects Liability Period (NARC)

2. Vehicles and Equipment

Preparation of lists and layouts _

Review of Bid Documents j

Bidding

Contract Award

Manufacturing and Shipping

Delivery, Instalation, Testing _ _ |

Warranty Period

3. Technical Assistance

Selection of Experts

Appointment of Experts

Expert Service Period

4. Training

Selection of Fellows II

Fellowship Training ____ ._l

5. Sub-projects I _

6. Mid-term Review

Selection of Consultants

Consultants Field Work

Report

Effective Datc Estimate

Annex 9

-60- Table I

PAKISTAN


SUMMARY0 OP PROJECTCO-STS(Rs '000)

Year I Yeae 2 Year 3 Yea- 4 Year 5 Total Foreign-- - E~~~~~~~xchang«e

PARC

Civil Works

Admivistr-tix- 6,854.5 9,732.4 4,925.9 - - 21,512.8 6,453.RLab Equip-exx MaiItenaxce 487.9 - - - - 487.9 146.4

Vehilles and mqois=ese

Adeisiseeasixs 967.0 75.0 0- - 1,042. 302.9Research rnfotmatlo 1,718.5 1,163.0 - - 2,881.5 I,629.2Lab EqxIp-ent Main-e.acce 636.9 155.0 - - 791.n 365.3Civil Engi.eering 225.0 60.0 - 285.0 118.0

Ixorenteetal Staff

Ad,lcisseatlxx 1,374.3 1,693.3 1,759.9 1,759.9 1,759.9 8,347.3 -Research lafoer.atlxx 692.8 1,116.2 11 16.0 6.0 1,116.0 5,156.8Lab Eqaipse.I Mal-e-a,ce 160.6 254.8 254.8 254.8 254.8 1,179.8Cixii Ingleerlng 253.6 430.3 539.5 569.5 587.5 2,380.4

Incre=ental Baildiog M.asinenaee

Cimil EOgi.e..lag 11 - - 583.7 1,390.9 1,792.7 3,767.3 753.5

1x-e-e-etal Opteting - Other

Admiristratian 370.0 440.0 212.5 212.5 212.5 1,447.5 1 ,03.3Reseaeeh InFovlarsal 898.0 954.0 781.0 795.0 849.0 4,277.0 2,993.9

Lab Equip-eet lainteaane 195.0 180.0 260.0 270.0 280.0 1,185.0 829.5ClxiI Etgi-nerixg 168.0 168.0 168.0 168.0 168.0 840.0 588.0

ANRC

Cimil W-xke

Statia D-evlxpm.eat 2,771.5 7,586.3 5,883.2 1,608.1 - 17,849.1 5,354.7AaiOail S8eeces 6,495.6 3,412.3 - - 9,897.9 2,969.4Pleat Introdaccixn 501.1 2,354.9 - - 2,856.0 856.8Oilseeds 1,836.0 - -- 1,8360 550.8Cereal llteases 502.3 219.3 - - 726.6 218.0Agricultaral Enginasr-ig 1,412.8 3,170.2 304.1 - - 4,887.6 1,466.3

Fiald/Werkehep Eqoipeent

Plant Soisnces 1,081.0 1,260.0 401.0 300.0 75.0 3,117.0 2,493.6nimal Sciesees 1,114.0 -- - I,114.0 891.2

Plant Ixtrads-tixn 185.5 46.5 - - 232.0 185.6Oilseeds 209.0 - - -- 209.0 167.2Aglieoltaral Enginesriog 165.5 1,007.2 605.0 40.0 - 1,817.7 827.1

Lab-tralry Egaip=est

AisSal Sciences 995.0 - - 995.0 497 5P1axt Itr-daxtin 46.5 - 46.5 23.2Oilseeds - 480.9 250.0 - - 730.9 365.5Cereal liseasas 962.7 180.0 - - 1,142.7 571,3

Vehielet and Oth-r Equip=ent

Plect Neieao-s 59.0 769.0 350.0 - - 1I778.0 549.7Aeial Seesee 2/ 135.5 1,220.0 - - 1,355.3 928.7Plast Isreads-ti- 156.5 112.0 - - 268.5 78.6Oilseeds 125.9 217.0 12.0 - - 354.9 97.4Cereal saDises. 254,5 - _ 254.5 101.8Agrialraral Engi-eerixn 58.4 574.6 75.0 - - 708.0 255.0

loesalStaff

Plaet Sci--ces 3,672.1 6,160.7 7,824.2 8,344.9 8,723.4 34, 725.3 -asimal Sotei ees 484.5 715.9 1,115.8 1,386.4 1,386.4 5,389.0POset Iatsottc 480.4 1,175.4 1,211.8 1,211.8 1,211.8 5,291.2OiI.ee.d 302.9 498.8 498.8 498.8 498.8 2,298.1 -Cersal Diseases 18.2 130.3 218.2 221.2 284.9 872.8Agrilelt-al Egi-eeJig - 616.8 616.8 616.8 616.8 2,467.2

lnceFesmeal leeratisg

Plast Sofeare 2,434.0 2,667.0 2,616.0 2,541.0 2,416.0 12,674.8 8,871.8Animal S1etces 265.0 685.0 1,010.0 1,385.0 1,398.0 4,795.0 3,314.5Plat Ocedoaiaa 259.0 296.0 301.0 301.0 301.0 1,438.0 1,020.6

S .lteed. 412.0 437.0 507.0 512.0 512.0 2,380.0 1,576.0Cereal liesases 120.0 143.0 197.9 211.5 229.5 901.9 594.9Agrlitautral OsglxeE eaIg - 360.0 360.0 360.0 360.0 1,440.0 1,008.0

AERU. - Ageicultaral oeto-i Re -htearch

Clviil Neks 931.0 3,283.3 1,941.2 1,044.2 - 7,199.7 2,159.9Vehicles cad Eqxlpmeat 401.0 540.0 229.0 470.0 88.0 1,728.0 662.2

xcreaemetal Staff 778.0 1,052.5 1,222.8 1,428.8 1,635.6 6,117.7larezemecal Opaeatlsg 200.8 290,0 779.9 1,328.8 1,720.8 4.319.5 2,591.7

CONTRACTUAL RES4ARCH GRANTS 3,000.0 5,000.0 10,000.0 12,000.0 15,000.0 45,000.0 18,000.0

TRAINING 10,591.2 16,142.4 11,734.2 6,346.8 3,73Z.3 48,546.9 47,576.0

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 6,403.0 6,283.0 2,319.0 3,623.0 2,608.0 21,236.0 19,961.8

MOD-TERM REVIEW - - 693.0 - - 693.0 594.0

TOTAL bASE COST 65,416.81 85,509.6 63,878.2 52,316.70 49,810.7 316,932.0 142,574.6

COFTISGENCIES - Physical 4,544.4 5,508.9 2,535.8 952.8 527.9 14,069.8 5,398.0- Price 5,917.0 15,340.7 14,567.9 14,162,1 15,514.0 65,501.7 27,959.4

TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 75,878.2 106,359.2 80,981.9 67,431.6 65,852.6 396,503.5 175,932.0

1t The Civil sneks cf Oilseedts and Agrotcultsval REniceerOeg alsa maiceatned by Civil O1- bneeriig, bat their cites have been n- tadedad-e nptrat ing casts far thes- t-a itets, Table 10 sad 12 respectively.

2/ I-celdec livestack parchase.3/ Silariet No all etaff based at NARC icllude hbasicg s1la-ace thraughbat, catainhsthcding that by peaject's end, abest half If them

ill hane beeo pr..ided with a house.

-61- Table 2

fICOIflUn Af P?OJtrSRC AnEl8EMT10XO

(R. -000)

Arcn Unit ar I Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Ye.r 5 t e 1

Se. Ft. Ct-t C O t V.. Ca-t Nc. Ctet N e. Ct-t Me. tCet Be. Coat

I. IVESTOT COSTS

A. caflJ!ssk*4sretariat building 50,000 0.220 (1) 2,200.0 7,150.0 1,650.0 - (1) 11,0000

-.sr.p 2,400 0.100 (1) 240.0 - - - (1) 240.0

2en7e GraSs 2 3,000 0.18 (2) 1,080.0 - - - - (2 lOtlo

i1 2,500 0.18 (2) 900.0 - _ _ (2) 900.0

'II 1,500 0.18 (2) 540.0 _ - - (22 540.0

piMture - ad Fittigs 63.0 2,750.0 3,380.0

Utilitisa 6 Site D-.lPyat 1,190.0 1,847.5 412.5 3,440.0

Consultat's I-n 324.5 494.9 113.4 - - 932.8

S04-tetal 6,954.5 9,732.4 4,925.9 21,512.8

3, Vehdicles

tsr 100 (1) 100.0 - - _ - (1) 100.0

4-etl dra 152 (1) 152.0 - - - (1) 152.0

Sib-t-taa 252.0 = - - - 252.0

C. Office 0quil-t 147.0 - - - - 147.0

D. Offic FU. trr 568.0 75.0 _ _ - 643.0

TD26L DV85TuRT COSTS 7.821.5 9,907.4 4,925.59 - _ 22,554.

II. EDCWCAL STAFF COSTS

a Office

Staff 0 4cct 68.2 (1) 48.2 (1) 60.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 341.0

Pee-ns f0i0cr 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Stanerist 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 14.3 (1) 81.5

Peon 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

s ctr tit

P-r s O1 ffica 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.4 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 223.0

Offic Aeistant 22.2 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.1, (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 222.0

Staewtypist 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.31 (1) 16,3 (1) 16.3 (1) S1.3

2mn 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 4535

7ret,1t Ileistatio Unit

Prejact sacret 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 341.0

a-e offs 52.0 ) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 32.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

S.ta f piyt 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.4 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6. (1) 223.0

Stingeng66 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0

St_Cpist 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 81.5

MeterW Clack 15.1 (1) 13.1 (1) 03.0 (2) 13.1 (3) 13.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 75.5

_iorC 12.2 (1) 12 2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0

2_ 9.1 (2) 18.1 (2) 18.1 (2) 18.L (2) 18.1 (2) 18.1 (2) 90.5

*-is Psint officer 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.D (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

atat Pmc.c offiwc r3.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5

Sca- aseex_-t 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5

Offt Asitant 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0

Pan 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (0) 9.1 (1) 45.5

fr_cial 11_t

DapsI Directorneecs Offiticers 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

A-ecat. Officsr (erets, ) 44 44.6 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 401.4

.ei cuer 44.66 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (15 44.6 (1) 213.0

catk cerlnar 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.8 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 223.0

Maa2hn.-ar 533 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) U6.5

A.Maw 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (12 53.3 (1) 166.5

Mste tppi c 33.3 (1) 33.3 (3) 99.9 (3) 99.9 (3) 99.9 (3) 99.9 (3) 632.9

16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 81.5

9.1 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 91.8

b) Pi AasOat

A.dit OfficA_it Officer 52.0 - (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 200.0

office Ascitat 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4

22.2 (1) 22.2 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 222.0

ngs Officardeesexeac 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 253.0

Offti Assistat 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5

po 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0

9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

A) CiLI Wak ceA-te

Aecrnt Offic-rOffic A.sitett 44.6 (1) 44.4 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (13 223.8

St.s 22is nt22.2 (1) 22.2 (2) 44.4 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 266.4

18.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 18.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 81.5

9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 1 ( (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

flAsla _d T.A. IMPart Unit

Dirercr 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 66.2 (1) 66.2 (1) 68.2 (1) 341.0

hAset-t 44.6 (1) 44.6 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 89.2 (2) 401.4

Offit AssIstnt 22.2 (1) 22.2 (2) 44.4 (2) 4,.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 199.8

SOsecrapter 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0

Sts"typis 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 14.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 18.3 (1) 81.3

ri- 11. 53 (1) 11.5 (1) 11.5 (1) 11.5 (1) 11.5 (1) 11.5 (1) 31.5

Pee 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 0.1- (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

Sub-total 1,374.3 1,693.3 1.759.9 1,759.9 1,759.9 8,347.3

111. O2l¶ OORATIAC COOTS

Oclaicle roncieg Erpenes-

Cur 20.0 35.0 42 .0 40.0 40.0 175.0

4-tgheal dritre 60.0 75.0 80.0 80.0 00.0 355.0

Office RlItea 250.0 250.0 - - 500,0

Office Sepplie, 35.0 74.0 8a.0 86.0 86.0 387.0

tittMec 5.0 6.3 (.5 6.0 6.5 30.5

063-total !330.0 440.0 21.5 212.5 212.5 1,447.5

I0'. TOTAL IfIN t8L OFLATID COSTS 1,744.3 2,133.3 1,97!.4 1,972.4 1,972.4 9,794.8

V. T3TA0L PAW DINISTfATOM 9,595.8 11,940.7 6,8962.3 1,972.4 1,972.4 32,349.6

PAKISTAN Annex 9AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT Table 3

STATION DEVELOPMENT - NARG(Rs. '000)

Area Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a 1Sq. Ft. Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (Nd.) Cost

Civil Works

Sealed Roads 500/km (3) 1,500.0 (3) 1,500.0 - (6 km) 3,000.0Farm Roads 125/km (2) 250.n - - (2 kin) 250.0Canals 680/km ( (.5) 325.0 - - (0.5 km) 325.0Water Courses 100/km - (2) 200.0 (3) 300.0 (2) 200.0 - ( 7 km) 700.0Gates & Risers 35 - - (3) 105.0 (2) 70.0 (5) 175.0

Head House 2,225 0.150 _ - (1) 318.8 - - (1) 318.8Shade House 1,200 0.150 - - (2) 360.0 - - (2) 360.0

Machinery Shed 2,000 0.15 - (1) 600.0 - - (1) 600.0Storage Shed 2,000 0.15 (1) 300.0 ( 6 - - (1) 300.0House Grade I 3,000 0.18 (1) 540.0 - - _4_II 2,500 0.18 (1) 450.0 (1) 450.0 - - _ (2) 900.0III 1,600 0.18 - (2) 576.0 (1) 288,0 - (3) 864.0IV 1,000 0.16 - (4) 640.0 (4) 640.0 - (8) 1,280.0V 606 0.16 - (4) 387.8 (4) 387.8 (8) 7758.6VI 520 0.135 (8) 561.6 (8) 561.6 (8) 561.6 (8) 561.6 (32) 2,246.4

Hostel 3,600 0.25 _ 900.0 _ _ _ 900.0Utilities & Site 525.4 1,438.2 1,115,3 304,9 3,383.8

Development

Consultancy Fees 144.5 395.5 306.7 83.8 930.5

Total 2,771.5 7,586.3 5,883.2 1,608.1 17,849.

Annex 9PAKISTAN Table 4

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECTPARC - RESEARCH INFORMATION UNIT

(Rn '000)

Ulit Veer I Y r 2 Year 3 Year 4

Year 5 To t ICost No. Coot No. Coot No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

Car t00 (I 100.0 - - _ _ (1) 100.0DOcmeaetation Equipmect 1/ 1,474.0 1,000.0 - - _ 2,474.0Office Equipment 144.5 - _ 144.5Furniture 163.0 - - 163.0

Sub-total 1,718.5 1,163.0 2,881.5

II. INCREMENTAL STAFF COSTS

Care Place Assistant Director 44.6 (1) - (Ii 44.6 (1) 44.6 (15 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4CNEP Deputy Director 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1 532.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Systems Acalyst 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0Prograsaer 44.6 (1) - (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4

Docuentntion Bibliographer 44.6 (1) - (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4Publication Deputy Director 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Secior Editor 52.0 (1) - (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 208.0Senior Editor (Urdu) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Prees & Publicity Deputy Director 52.0 (1) - (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 208.0Productioc-Production Officer 52.0 ji) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Machine Operator 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 223.0Positive Marker 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5

Library - Librarti. 52.0 (1) - (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 207.0Care Piens Office Assistent 22.2 (1a 22.2 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 44.4 (2) 199.8

Stenotypist 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Junior Clerk 12.2 - (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 97.6Pe.n 9.1 (2) 18.2 (3) 27,3 (3) 27.3 (3) 27.3 (3) 27.3 (3) 127.4

CNSP Office Assistent 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0stenotypist 22.2 - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 88.8Junior Clerk 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0Fees 9.1 (1( 9.1 (5) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

Publication Proof Reeder 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Senior Clerk 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 75.5

Press & Publicity Stenotypist 16.3 - (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 65.2Peon 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

Production Compositor 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Plate Maker 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Pressman 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Mnchise Operator 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 81.5Stenotypist 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 81.5Senior Clerk 15.1 (1 15.5 (1) 15.5 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 75.5Binder Cutter 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0Dark Root Assistant 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.' (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0Helper 12.2 (1+ 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0DMC 11.1 (1) 11.1 (1) 11.1 (1) 11.1 (1) 11.1 (1) 11.1 (1) 55.5Peon 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (9.1 .1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5

Library - Assistant 22.2 (i) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Junior Clerk 12.2 - (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 48.8Peon 9.1 I1 9.1 (1) 9.1 01) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5Cataloguer 27.0 - (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 108.0

Sub-total 692.8 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.0 5,156.8

III. OTHER OPERATING COSTS

Car Rucning Expecses 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 200.0Utilities 160.0 160.0 160.0 160.0 160.0 800.0Other Expenses 2/ 540.0 590.0 305.0 388.0 388.0 2,291.0Printing Costs 158.0 164.0 196.0 207.0 261.0 986.0

Sub-total 898.0 954.0 781.0 795.0 849.0 4,277.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL COSTS 1,590.8 2,070.0 1,897.0 1,911.0 1,965.0 9,433.8

V. TOTAL RESEARCH INFORMATION 3,309.8 3,233.0 1,897.0 1,911.0 1,965.0 12,315.3

11 List and prices provided in project file.2/ Printing materials, copy paper, microfilm-, etc.

Annlex


LABORATORY EQUIPME1NT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR UNIT - PARC(Rs '000)

Area Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a

Sq. Ft. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

1. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Workks

Offices 500 0.22 110.0 - - - - (1) 110.0

Laboratories (A.C.) 800 0.22 176.0 - - - - (1) 176..O

Workshop 600 0.14 84.0 - - - - (1) 84.0

Utilities and Site Developmen, 92.5 _ _- - (1) 92.5

Consultant's Fees 25.4 _ _ _ _ 25.4487 9 - - - - 487. 9

B. Vehicles (4-wheel drive) 152.0 152.0 - 1) 152.0

C. Workshop Equipment 1/ 446.0 155.0 - _ _ 601.0

D. Office Equipment 8.0 - - - 8.0

E. Furniture 30.0 _ 30.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 1,123.9 155.0 - - 1,278.9


Instrumentation Engineer 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0

Foreman mechanic 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5

Storekeeper 24.0 - (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (L) 24.0 (1) 96.0

Glassblower 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 120.0

Senior Mechanic 24.0 (1) 24.0 (3) 72.0 (3) 72.0 (3) 72.0 (3) 72.0 (3) 312.0

Technicican 22.2 - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 88.8

Clerk 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 75.5

Driver 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0

lub-total 160.6 254.8 254.8 254.8 254.8 1,179.8


Vehicle Running Expenses

4-wheel drive 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 200.0

Spares and Consumables 110.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 410.0

Utilities 10.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 115.0

Equipment Maintenance 5.0 10.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 135.0

Office Expenses 10.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 115.0

Travel and other 2/ 20.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 210.0

Sub-total 195.0 180.0 260.0 270.0 280.0 1,185.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 355.6 434.8 514.8 524.8 534.8 2,364.8

V. TOTAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 1,479.5 589.8 514.8 524.8 534.8 3,6A3.7

1/ List and prices provided in Droject file.

2/ Building Maintenance included in Civil Engineering, NARC as buildings will be located at NARC.

-65-

Annex 9

PAKISTAN Table 6


Civil Engineering Unit(Rs '000)

Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a 1Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Vehicles

Pick-up 82.5 (2) 165.0 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (2) 165.0Motor cycle 10.0 (2) 20.0 (-) - (-) - () - () - (2) 20.0

B. Other equipment 20.0 60.0 - - - - - - - 80.0C. Office furniture 20.0 - - - - - - - - 20.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 225.0 60.0 - - - - - - - 285.0


Executive Engineer 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 52.0 (1) 260.0Assist. Ex. Engineer 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (3) 133.8 (3) 133.8 (3) 133.8 (3) 490.6Office Assistant 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Overseer 22.2 (1) 22.2 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 66.6 (3) 288.6Draftsman 22.2 - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 88.8Typist 16.3 (1) 16.3 (2) 32.6 (2) 32.6 (2) 32.6 (2) 32.6 (2) 146.7Senior clerk 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 75.5Junior clerk 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 109.8Tracer 12.2 - (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 48.8Driver 11.5 (1) 11.5 (3) 34.5 (3) 34.5 (3) 34.5 (3) 34.5 (3) 149.5Peon 9.1 (1) 9.1 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 81.9

Accountant/recorder 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5Accounts assistant 22.2 - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 88.8

Assistant 15.1 (1) 15.1 (2) 30.2 (2) 30.2 (2) 30.2 (2) 30.2 (2) 135.9Casual labor - - 20.0 50.0 68.0 138.0

Sub-total 253.6 430.3 539.5 569.5 587.5 2380.4

III. OTHER OPERATING EXPE1:SE1/

Vehicle running expenses

Pick up 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 400.0

motorcycle 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0Office supplies 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 90.0Building maintenance PARC - - 228.6 551.9 720.3 1,500.8

Building maintenanceNARC 2/ - - 355.1 839.0 1,072.4 2,266.5

Utilities etc. 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 250.0

Sub-total 168.0 168.0 751.7 1,558.9 1,960.7 4,607.3

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 421.6 598.3 1,291.2 2,128.4 2,548.2 6,987.7

V. TOTAL CIVIL ENGINEERING GUll 646.6 658.3 1,291.2 2,128.4 2,548.2 7,272,7

1/ In first two years unit will be supervising construction of civil works.2/ For Station Development, Laboratory Equipment, Maintenance Unit, Plant Introduction, Animal Sciences, and the Agric.

Economics Research Unit, calculated at 3.5% of cost, excluding consultants' fees and brought in to account in thesecond year following proposed construction: the figures also include amounts for maintenance of roads and water

courses but calculated at 5.5% of their construction cost. The Unit will also maintain the civil works constructedfor Oilseeds and Agricultural Engineering but for these two components building maintenance costs have been includedunder their respective "Other Operating Cost", see tables 10 and 12.

Annex 9PAtCISTAN Tab 1e 7

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECTPLANT SCIENCES - NARC

(Rs '000)

Unit Year 1 Year 2

Year 3 Yent YearS 5 To t aICost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

1. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Vehicles

Pick-op 82.5 (2) 165.0 (2) 165.0 - - (4) 330.04-wheel drive 108.0 (1) 108.0 (2) - (1) 1S.,Q

Sub-total 273.0 165.0 - - - 438.0

D. Agricultural Machinery 1/ 1,081.0 1,260.0 401.0 300.0 75.0 3,117.0

C. office Equip-sent 136.0 219.0 - - - 355.0

D. Office Furniture 250.0 385.0 350.0 - - 985.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 1,740.0 2,029.0 751.0 300.0 75.0 4,895.0


Director General 105.8 (1) 105.0 (1) 105.8 (1) 105.8 (1) 105.8 (1) 105.8 (1) 529.0Directors 72.2 (2) 144.4 (4) 288.8 (4) 288.8 (4) 288.8 (4) 288.8 (4) 1,299.6Deputy Director/Engin.er 58.7 (1) 58.7 (2) 117.4 (2) 117.4 (2) 117.4 (2) 117.4 (2) 528.3SRO 58.7 (12) 704.4 (24) 1,408.8 (31) 1,819.7 (35) 2,054.5 (37) 2,171.9 (37) 8,159.3Assistant Agricultural Engineer 48.3 (1) 48.3 (1) 48.3 (2) 96.6 (2) 96.6 (2) 96.6 (2) 186.4RO 48.3 (20) 966.0 (39) 1,883.7 (51) 2,463.3 (56) 2,704.8 (59) 2,943.7 (59) 10,961.5Foren, Machinery 37.5 - - (1) 37.5 (1) 37.5 (1) 37.5 (1) 112.5Estate Officer 44.6 - (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) "4.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4Store Officer 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 223.0Librariam 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 223.0P.S. to Director General 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 33.3 (1) 166.5 oSuperintendent, office 33.3 (2) 66.6 (2) 66.6 (2) 66.6 (2) 66.6 (2) 66.6 (2) 333.0Accountant 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 21.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 135.0Cataloguer 27.0 - (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 108.0Stenographer 22.2 (5) 111.0 (10) 222.0 (10) 222.0 (11) 244.2 (12) 266.2 (12) 1,065.6Office Assistant 22.2 (5) 111.0 (5) 111.0 (9) 199.8 (10) 222.0 (10) 222.0 (10) 865.8Field Assistant 16.3 (5) 81.5 (10) 163.0 (10) 163.0 (10) 163.0 (10) 163.0 (10) 733.5Stenotypist 16.3 (5) 81.5 (6) 97.8 (9) 146.7 9) 146.7 (9) 146.7 (9) 619.4Senior Clerk 15.2 (2) 30.4 (4) 60.8 (6) 91.2 (6) 91.2 (6) 91.2 (6) 364.8Mechanic 15.2 (2) 30.4 (4) 60.8 (6) 91.2 (6) 91.2 (6) 91.2 (6) 364.8Driver 12.2 (5) 61.0 (10) 122.0 (10) 122.0 (10) 122.0 (10) 122.0 (10) 549.0Junior Clerk 12.2 (8) 97.6 (12) 146.4 (20) 244.0 (20) 244.0 (20) 244.0 (20) 976.0Gardener 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 109.8Guard 9.4 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 94.0

Pesos 9.1 (20) 182.0 (47) 382.2 (63) 573.3 (63) 573.3 (63) 573.3 (63) 2,284.1Casual Labor 611.0 611.0 711.0 711.0 811.0 3,455.0

Sub-total 3,672.1 6,160.7 7,824.2 8,34i.9 8,723.4 34,725.3

III. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

Vehicle Rsnoing Expenses

4-wheel drive 40.0 40.0 40.0 600. 40.0 200.0Pick-up 160.0 320.0 320.0 320.0 320.0 1,440.0Tractors 48.0 96.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 504.0

Utilities 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 1,000.0

Laboratory and Agricultural chemicals 986.0 1,011.0 936.0 861.0 736.0 4,530.0

Office Expenses 1,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 i,000,0 1,000.0 5,000.0Sub-total 2,434.0 2,667.0 2,616.0 2,541.0 2,416.0 12,674.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 6,106.1 8,827.7 10,440.2 10,885.9 11,139.4 47,399.3

V. TOTAL PLANT SCIENCES 7,846.1 10,856.7 11,191.2 11,1F5.9 11,214.4 52,294.3

1/ List and prices in project file

-67-

Annex 9

PAKISTAN Table NAGRIC17LTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

AN0IMAL SCIENCES - NARC(is '000)

Area Unit Yeo I Ye.. 2

Yeer3 Ye- YearS Total(1) ANIMAL FARM CENTER Sq. Ft. Cost No. Cost No. Cost Ne. Cost So. Cost Is. Co .. C

I. INVESITMENT COSTS

A. Cviil Works

Steok Sheds 29,000 0.065 (3) 1,900.0 - - - - (3) 1,900.0Daity 1 000 0.200 11) - (1) 200.0 - - - (1) 200.0Ray Shed 4,500 0.075 (1) 338.0 - _ _ _ (1) 338.0Fe-d Store 550 0.105 - (1) 58.0 - - - (1) 58.0Offi-e 800 0.220 (1) 176.0 - - - - (1) 176.0tltthinerly Shed 3,000 0;100 - (1) 300.0 _ _ _ (1) 390.0Fish Tanks 1,000 1.110 (4) 400.0 - (4 400.0loose Grade IT 2 500 0.180 - (1) 450.0 - - - (1) 450 0

1,000 0.180 (2) 576.0 - - - (2, 576.0IV 520 0 180 (20) 1,404.0 - (20) 1,404.0

Site Development 0.135 1,111.0 451.0 _ _ _ 1,451.0Cons. lt.ot's Fees 275.0 124.0 _ _ 399.0

Sqb_-toei 5,093.0 2,559.0 - - - 7,652,0

B. Vehicles (piek-up) 82.5 (1) 82.5 - - - - (1) 82.5C. ECoisesnt 1/ 1,114.0 - - - - 1,114.0D. Livestook (variosc) 2/ - 965.0 _ _ - 965.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 4,90. .5 3,524.0 - - - 9,813.5

IT. INCREMENTAL STAFF COSTS . - Nil

III. INCRKREMTAL OPERATIRG COSTS

Trattor - foreig 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 100.0 300.0Vehicles - unning 1/ 10.0 25.0 05.0 25.0 25.0 110.0Feed 10500 300.0 500.0 750.0 750.0 2,400.0Se-d cod Fertiliner 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 200.0 700.0Mtdirc es 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 45.0Utilities 10.0 20.0 35.0 50.0 50.0 165.0Other 5/ 20.0 35.0 50.0 60.0 65.0 230.0

Total 235.0 550.0 850.0 1,105.0 1,200.0 4,030.0

Tv. TOAL ANIMAL FARM1 CER01R (a) 6,524.5 4,074.0 850.0 1,195.0 1,200.0 13,043.5

(2) LIVESTOCC LAOROATORY CENTER

I. INVESTMENT COStS

A. Civil Weeks

Laboentocies 4,800 0.220 1,056.0 - - - - 1,056.0Offices 2,940 0.220 - 647.0 - _ _ 647.0

etilLtico end Site Setelepunot 264.0 161.8 _ _ 425.8Ce..oitnet s Foes 72.6 44.5 - _ - 117.1

1,392.6 853.3 - - - 2,245.9

S. Vehicles

Mini, 4 a 4 53 (1) 53.0 - - - - (1) 52,0Cnr 100 - (1) 100.0 - - - (1) 100.0

Shb-tot.l 33.1 100- 153.0

C. Lahor-taev EssinRent 21 995.0 - - - - 995.0

D. Offic. Esoipsesot - 105.0 - _ _ 105.0

3. Offiee F.s-iture 00.0 - - - 50.0

TOTAL INVESThENT COSTS 2,440.6 1,100.3 - - 3,548.9

II. INCREOI0NTAL STAFF COSTS

Di-ecttr 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 361.0SRO 58.7 (1) 58.7 (2) 117.4 (4) 234.8 (6) 352.2 (6) 352.2 (1) 1,115.3RO 48.3 (4) 193.2 (6) 280.8 (10) 483.0 (12) 579.6 (12) 597.6 (92) 2,125.2Senior Toehndcioe 22.2 (2) 44.4 (3) 66.6 (4) 88.8 (6) 133.2 (6) 133.2 (6) 466.2Teohsitioo 16.3 (2) 32.6 (4) 65.2 (6) 97.8 (6) 97.8 (6) 97.8 (6) 391.1Account (stones) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 23.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 27.0 (1) 135.0Stneenypints 16.3 (1) 16.3 (1) 16.3 (2) 32.6 (2) 32.6 (2) 32.6 (2) 130.4Junior Clerk 12.2 - - - (1) 12.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 24.4Deriets 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 109.8GvArds 9.4 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 18.8 (2) 94.0Pesos 9.1 (1) 9.1 (2) 18.2 (4) 36.4 (4) 36.4 (4) 36.4 (4) 136.5

OS.b-t.et. 484.5 715.9 1,115.8 1,386.4 1,386.4 5,089.0

III. 10RR113NTAL OPERATING COSTS

Vehiole R-sning EoPn..s

Mini 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0Car - 20.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 130.0

Utilition - 25.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 175.0Cheei-cel I - 50.0 30.0 50 0 50.0 180.0Office S pplies 10.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 120.0

S.b-tot.l 30.0 135.0 160.0 190.0 190.0 705.0

IV. YOTOM INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 514.5 850.9 1,2757.0 1,576.4 1,576.4 5,794.0

V. TOTAL LIV8STOCK LA8O0AMTRY CEKTER (b) 2,955.1 1,959.2 . 1,274.8 1,576.4 1,576.4 9,342.9

VC. TOTAL ANIhAL SCIENCES ( b) h (6) 9,479.6 6,033.2 2,123,. 2,771.4 2,776.4 23,186,4

1/ List sod pnions provided in peojoct file; inltsde- dairy *nd feed oloing *s oell so finId eqoipost2/ List .nd prices provided in preject file

Annex 9

Table 9


CEREAL DISEASES RESEARCH INSTITUTE(R. '000)

Area Unit year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a 1Sq. Ft. Cost No. Cost NO. Coot NO. Coat No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Head House 352 0.140 43(1) 4 - - - (1) 49.3Machine Roels 240 0.140 - (1) 32.6 (1) 33.6Staff NoHsee (Senior) 611 0.180 (71 220.0 - - - (2) 220.0Staff House. (Other) 305 0.135 CI) 164.7 - - - - (4) 164.7Site Developsent 96.2 20.7 - _ - 116.9Consultancy Fees 26.4 5.7 32.1Greenhouse Installation - 70.0 70.0Installation of Coaling Unit. - 40.0 - - _ 40.0

Sub-total 507.3 219.3 - - - 726,6

B. Vehicles

Pick-up 82.5 (1) 82.5 - - - - (1) 82.5

4-wheel drive (diesal) 172.0 (1) 172.0 - _ - _ (1) 172.0Sob-total 254.5 - -_ 254.5

C. Eiuip,aent 962.7 180.0 1,142.7

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 1,724.5 399.3 2,123.8


staff

SRO 58.7 - - (1) 58.7 (1) 58.7 (2) 117.4 (2) 234.8Artist 33.2 - (1) 33.2 (1) 33.2 (1) 33.2 (L) 33.2 (1) 132.8Librarian 33.2 - (1) 33.2 (1) 33.2 (1) 33.2 (1) 33.2 (1) 132.8 Steonographer 22.2 - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 66.6Driver 12.2 - (3) 36.6 (3) 36.6 (3) 36.6 (3) 36.6 (3) 146.4Cleaner 9.1 - (1) 9.1 (t) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 36.4Sweeper 9.1 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (2) 91.0Casual Labor - - 7.0 10.0 15.0 32.0

Sub-total 18.2 130.3 218.2 221.2 284.9 872.8


Vehicle RunsinR Expenses

Pick-up 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 200.04-wheel drive 80.0 80.0 50.0 80.0 80.0 400.0

Laboratory Equip,.ent - - 10.0 12.0 30.0 52.0utilities - - 10.0 10.0 10.0 30.0Laboratory Supplies - 15.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 63.0office Supplies - 8.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 47.0other 2/ - - 7.0 15.0 15.0 37.0Building Maintenance - - - 21.9 25.5 25.5 72.9

Sob-total 120.0 143.0 197.9 211.5 229.5 901.9


V. TOTAL CEREAL DISEASES RESEARCH INSTITUTE 1,862.7 672.6 416.1 432.7 514.4 3,898.5

1/ All included in oun.ary table under laboratory equipeent including greenhouse kit and a rots-tiller. List and prices provided in project file.2/ Buildings at Murree

PAKISTAN Annex 9AGRICULTIRAL RESEARCH PROJECT Table 10

OILSEEDS DIVISION - NARC(R.. '050)

Area Uit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Tear 4 Year S T a a 1Se. Ft. Cost (Na) Cast (Na.) Cost (N.) Cast (Na) Cast (N-) Cast (No.) Cost

1. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Werks

Laboratories & Offices 5,820 0 - 1,344.4 - - - - 1,344.4Garage 480 0.10 48.0 - - - _ 48.0Utilitiea & Site Development 348.1 - - - - 348.1Canaultant's Fees 958 5 - - -_ 1,8365

Sub-total 1,836.0 - - - - 1,836.0

B. Vehicles

Pick-up 82.5 (1) 82.5 - _- - (1) 82.5

M.t.rcycle J15.5 (2) 31.0 - - - (2) 31.0Bicycles * -- 1

Sub-total 113.5 ii3.5

C. Field Equipment 209.0 - - - 209.0

D. Laboratory Equipment-/ - 480.9 250.0 - - 730.9

E. Office Equipewnt 12.4 - - - - 12.4

F. Office Purnituro 2 - - 229.0217.0 1~~2.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 2,170.9 697.9 262.0 - - 3,130.8

1I. INCREMENTAL STAFF COSTS

Staff

SR 358.7 (1) 58.7 (2) 117.4 (2) 117 4 (12) 117.4 (2) 117.4 (2) 528.3REO 48.3 - (1) 48.3 (1) 48.3 (1) 48.3 (1) 48.3 (1) 193.2RO t 1 Tehnician 16.3 (2) 32.6 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 293.4Labraor Tebiin16.3 (4) 65.2 (5) 81.5 (5) 81.5 (5) 81.5 (1) 81.5 (5) 391.2Field As.istast 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (1) 15.1 (5) 15.1 (1) 75.5Senior Clerk 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 61.0

Driver 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 45.5Ca6 l Lab 110.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 710.0Sub-total 302.9 498.8 498.8 498.8 498.9 2,298.1

Ill. OTHER lP4EAIbING 1OSTS

Vehicle Runninag Fpenpce

Pick-np Vehicle 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 200.0

Motorcycle 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0

Iltilities 5.0 15.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 95.0Laboratory SupFlies 10.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 80.0Ayrlcultural Chemicals 8 Seeds 287.0 297.0 297.0 297.0 297.0 1,475.0office Sapplie 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 170.0Others 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 80.0

Buildins Mainteoa.ce- _ - _ 60.0 60.0 60.0 180.0

Sub-total 412.0 437.0 507.0 512.0 512.0 2,380.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 714.9 935.8 1,005.8 i,010.8 1,010.8 4,o78.1

2,885.8 1,633.7 1,267.8 1,010.8 1,010.8 7,808.9V. T0TAL. OIEED8 DIVI810N

L 1/ Incladoo 2 Jir-canditloned laboratories - 800 sq. ft. at RS 300 per sq. ft.2/ List and prices provided in project file.3/ Iocluded here end sat under PARC Civl Engineerlg as exact otates cot det-rin.ed.

Annex 9Table 11


PLANT IHTROOUJCTION/GEN~ETIC RESO~URCES DIVI~SION - HANGC(Rs '000)

Area Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T a t a ISq. Ft. Coat No. Cost No. Coat No. Coat No. Coat RN. Coat No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

office Buildings 4,480 0.22 197.1 788.5 - - - (1) 985.6Shade/Greenhouses 1/ 0.15 2/ 226.0 906.0 - (13) 1,132.0Garage 480 0.1 48.0 - (1) 48.0Utilities & Site Development - 541.4 541.4Consultant's Pens 30.0 119.0 --- 149.0

Sub-total 501.1 2,354.9 _ 2,856.0B. Vehicles

Pink-up 82.5 (1) 82.5 - - (1) 2.5Motorcycle 12.0 (1) 12.0 (1) 12.0 - (2) 24.0

Sub-total 9 42. 106.5

C. Field Plot Equipment 3/ 185.5 46.5 - 232.0D. Scientific Equipment 3/ 46.5 - -- 46.5E. Office Equipment 12.0 - - - -F. Furniture 50.0 100.0 - 150.0

Sub-total 294.0 146.5 440.5

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 889.6 2,513.4 - 3,403.0

LI. INCREMENTAL STAFF COSTS

Director 72,2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 361.0Deputy Director 58.7 - (1) 58.7 (1) 58.7 (1) 56.7 (1) 58.7 (1) 254.8SRO 58.7 (2) 117.4 (6) 352.2 (6) 352.2 (6) 552.2 (6) 352.2 (6) 1,526.2 150 46.3 - (2) 96.6 (2) 96.6 (2) 96.6 (2) 96.6 (2) 386.4 cArtist 44.6 - (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 44.6 (1) 178.4Photographer 24.0 - (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 24.0 (1) 96.0Office Assistant 22.2 (2) 44.4 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.6 (4) 88.8 (4) 399.6Stenotypist 16.3 (2) 32.6 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 65.2 (4) 293.4Field Assistant 16.3 (4) 65.2 (6) 130.4 (8) 130.4 (8) 130.4 (6) 130.4 (8) 586.8Driver 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 109.8Sweeper 9.1 - (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 56.4Guards, peons 9.1 4) 36.4 (12) 109.2 (16) 145.6 (16) 145.6 (16) 145.6 (16) 582.4Casual Labor 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 500.0

Sub-total 480.4 1,175. 2 1,211.8 1,211.8 5,291.2

III OTHER OPERATING COSTS


Pick-up 40.0 40,0 40.0 40.0 40.0 200.0Motorcycles 10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 90.0

Utilities _ 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 55.0Office Supplies 44.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 268.0Laboratory Supplies 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 70.0Agricultural chemsicals/seeds 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 625.0Miscellaneous 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 150.0

Sub-total 259.0 296.0 301.0 301.0 301.0 1,455.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 739.4 1,471.4 1,512.8 1,512.8 1,512.8 6,749.2

V. TOTAL PLANT INTRODUCTION/CENETIC RESOURCESDIVISION 1,629.0 3,984.8 1,512.8 1,512.8 1,512.8 10,152.2

I/ 2 greenhouses of 1,800 sq. ft. each, 1 greenhouse of 4,000 sq. ft.2/ Average for items in footnote 1/ and used in calculation is Rs. 148.95 sq. ft.3/ List and prices provided in project file.

-71-

Annex 9Table 12

PAKISTAN


AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DIVISION - NARC(Rs. '000)

Area Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TOTALSq. Ft. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. C s

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Offices 8,150 0.22 358.6 1,255.1 179.3 1,793.0Workshops/

Stores 11,300 0.14 632.8 949.2 1. 982.0Garage 2,000 0.10 200.0 200.0Guardhouses 800 0.10 80.0 80.1)Utilities & Site

Development 267.8 601.1 97.9 966.8Consultant Fees 73.6 165.3 26.9 265.8

Sub-total - 1,412.8 3,170.7 304.1 4,887.6

B. Vehicles

Provinces: Pick-up 82.5 (4) 330.0 (4) 330.0Sub-total 330.0 330.0

C. Equipment

Neadquarters:

Workshop Equipment 1/ 90.5 477.2 100.0 667.7Field Testing

Equipment 1/ 25.0 50.0 125.0 200.0Prototype Machinery 50.0 100.0 100.0 250.0Office EquiDment &

Heaters 8.4 109.6 118.0Furniture (lab/office) 50.0 75.0 75.0 200.0

Provinces:

Field TestingEquipment 1/ 300.0 200.0 500.0

Workshop Equipment 1/ 80.0 80.0 40.0 200.0Office Equipment 1/ 40.0 40.0Office Furniture 20.0 ___ _ 20.0

Sub-total - 223.9 1,251.8 680.0 40.0 2,195.7

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 1,636.7 4,752.5 984.1 40.0 7,413.3


Provinces:

Asst. Agric. Engineer 48.3 (4) 193.2 (4) 193.2 (4) 193.2 (4) 193.2 (4) 772.8Office Assistant 22.2 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 355.2Storekeeper 22.2 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 355.2Senior Mechanic 22.2 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 88.8 (4) 355.2Mechanic 15.1 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 241.6Driver/Mechanic 15.1 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 60.4 (4) 241.6Peon 99.1 (4) 36.4 (4) 36.4 (4) 36.4 (4) 36.4 (4) 145.6

Sub-total - 616.8 616.8 616.8 616.8 2,467.2



Provinces:

Pick-ups 320.0 320.0 320.0 320.0 1,280.0Utilities 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 160.0Sub-total - 360.0 360.0 360.0 360.0 1,440.0

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 976.8 976.8 976.8 976.8 3,907.2

V. TOTAL AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 1,636.7 5,729.3 1,960.9 1,016.8 976.8 11,320.5

1/ List and prices provided in project file.

PAKISTAN


EXTENSION METHODOLOGY RESEARCH

(Rs -TO06)

Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

Cost (No) Cost QT'0 Cost (o ) Cost (No) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Pick-up Vehicles 53.0 (8) 424.0 (8) 424.0 - (16) 848.0

B. Field Equipment 21;0 21.0 - _ - 42.0

C. Office Furniture 40.0 80.0 - - - 120.0

Total Investment Cost 485.0 525.0 1,010.0


Coordinator 72.2 2 ) 144.4 (4) 288.9 (4) 288.9 (4) 288.9 (4) 288.9 (4 ) 1,300.0

Production Agronomists 58.7 (8) 469.6 (16) 939.2 0.6) 939.2 (16) 939.2 (16) 939.2 t6) 4,226.4

Field Assistants 16.3 ([6) 260.8 (32) 521.6 (32) 521.6 (32) 521.6 (32) 521.6 (32) 2,347.2

Drivers 12.2 (8) 97.6 () 195.2 (16) 195.2 (16) 195.2 (16) 195.2 (16) 878.4

Casual Labor 172.0 344.0 344.0 344.0 344.0 1,548.0

Sub-total 1,144.4 2,288.9 2,288.9 2,288.9 2,288.9 10,300.0



Pick-up 160.0 320.0 320.0 320.0 320.0 1,440.0

Utilities 4.4 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 39.6

Agricultural chemicals, seeds 4.4 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 39.6

Office expenses 24.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 216.0

Extension materials 65.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 130.0 585.0

Office rent 57.6 115.2 115.2 115.2 115.2 518.4

Freight/e2hibitions/etc. 88.0 176.0 176.0 176.0 176.0 792.0

Sub-total 403.4 806.8 806.8 806.8 806.8 3,630.5

IV. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 1,547.8 1,095.7 3,095.7 3,095.7 3,095.7 13,930.6

V. TOTAL EXTENSION METHODOLOGY 2,032.8 3,620.7 3,095.7 3,095.7 3,095.7 14,940.6

I-_


AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH UNITS (AERUs)

Unit Cost of AERUs Salaries

Incremental Staff Costs in the following five tables 5 to 19 , are based on the breakdown of Unit Costs of

Salaries given below: Location

Away on In Post

Training With WithoutHouse House

(Rs. '000)

Post Title

Senior Agricultural Economist 65.5 53.2 72.2

Agricultural Economist 53.2 44.3 58.7

Assistant Agricultural Economist 44.2 33,9 48.3

Sociologist 53.2 44.3 58.7

Assistant Sociologist 1/ - - 48.3

Biometrician 53.2 44.3 58.7

Statistical Assistant 34.3 27.8 37.5

1/ Probationary period at NARC before overseas (Ph D) fellowship.

N.B. Training periods for all senior personnel have been identified according to the staffing requirements

of the five AERUs to be established under the project: travel costs of staff on training are included in the

cost of training. Except at NARC, a house will be provided for specific posts: incumbents would not then

receive a housing allowance. Consequently, the Unit Costs of specific staff have been adjusted to take these

two factors into account. 0X

Table 15PAKISTAN

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECTAGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH UNIT - NARC

(Rs '000)

Area Unit Year l Year year 3 Year 4 Year 5 To taSq. Ft. Cost/ Sq. Ft. No. Cost No. Cost Na. Cost No. Cost Me. Cost Ho. Coot

S. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Office 1,140 0.220 (1) 250.8 - - - - (1) 250.8Utilities & SitsDevelopsent 62.7 - - - - 62.7

Consoltancy Fees 17.2 - 17.2Sb-Ltotal 330.7 - - - - 330.7

B. Vehicles

Mini 4 x 4 (1) 53.0 - _ _ (1) 53.0 (2) 106.0Car _ (1) 100.0 - _ - (1) 100.0

Sob-total 53.0 100.0 - - - 206.0

C. Eoipwnt

Office 60.0 - 35.0 - 35.0 130.0

D. Furniture 100.0 - - _ _ 100.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 543.7 100.0 35.0 - 88.0 766.7


Senior Agricoltural EconomIst 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 72.2 (1) 65.5 (1) 354.3Agricultoral Economist 58.7 _ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (2) 2/ 111.9 (2) 117.4 (2) 335.7Assistant Agricultural Economist 1/ 48.3 (1) 44.2 (1) 48.3 (1) 48.3 - - (1) 140.8Bionetrician 58.7 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 58.7 (1) 58.7 (1) 277.0Sociologist 58.7 (1) 2/ 48.3 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 58.7 (1) 266.6Statistical Assistant 37.5 (1) 37.5 (1: 37.5 (1) 37.5 (1) 34.3 (1) 37.5 (1) 184.3Office Assistant 22.2 - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 66.6Stenographer 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Stenotypist 16.3 - - _ (1) 16.3 (2) 32.6 (2) 48.9Clerk - Store 15.2 _ (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 60.8Junior Clerk 12.2 - - - (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2Driver 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (3) 36.6 (3) 122.0Messengers 9.1 (1) 9.1 (2) 18.2 (3) 27.3 (4) 36.4 (5) 45.5 (5) 136.5

Sob-total 298.9 397.6 428.9 467.0 524.3 2,116.7

III. OThER OPERATING COSTS

Vehicle Rsoning Expenses

Mini 4 x 4 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 120.0Car - 30.0 40,0 40.0 40.0 150.0

Utilities 20.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 80.0 250.0Surveys - 10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 70.0Office Expenses 80.0 90.0 120.0 150.0 180.0 620.0Building Maintenance 4/ _____

Sob-total 120.0 190.0 250.0 290.0 360.0 1,210.0


V. TOTAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH -NARC 962.6 687.6 713.9 757.0 972.3 4,093.4

1/ On domestic M Sc Coorse in Yoar 12/ One an overseas fellovbhip3/ On probation4/ Transfered to Civil Engineering Unit, NARC

Annex 9Table 16

PAKISTANAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECTS

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH UNIT - FAISALABAD A.R. I.(Rs '000)

Area Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a ISq. Ft. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

FAISALAWAD

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

office 760 0.22 (1) 167.2 - - _ (1) 167.2House, III 1,600 0.18 - (2) 576.0 (1) 288.0 - - (3) 864.0House, VI 1,000 0.16 - - (1) 160.0 - - (1) 160.0Utilities & SiteDevelopment - 185.8 112.0 - - 297.8

Consultancy Fees _ 51.1 30.8 - - 81.9Sub-total 980.1 590.8 - - 1,570.9

B. Vehicles

Mini 4 x 4 53.0 - (1) 53.0 - (1) 53.0Car 100.0 (1) 100. O (1) 100.0

Sub-total - - 53.0 100.0 - 153.0

C. Equipment

Office - 95.0 - - - 95.0

D. Furniture - 75.0 - - - 75.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS _ 1,150.1 643.8 100.0 _ 1,893.9


Senior Agricultural Economist 1/ - - - - (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2Agricultural Economist 1/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 248.2Assistant Agricultural Economist 2/ 1/ - (1) 44.2 (1) 33.9 (1) 33.9 - (1) 112.0Biometrician l/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 239.3Statistical Assistant 1/ - - - (1) 27.8 (1) 27.8 (1) 55.6office Assistant 22.2 - - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2Stenographer 22.2 - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 44.4Clerk Typist 15.2 - - (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 45.6Junior Clerk 12.2 - - (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 36.6Driver 12.2 - - (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 61.0Messenger 9.1 _ _ (1) 9.1 (2) 18.2 (3) 27.3 (3) 54.6

Sub-total 106.4 150.6 180.1 242.5 293.1 972.7

111. OTHER OPERATING COSTS


Mini 4 x 4

- - 20.0 20.0 20.0 60.0Car - - - 30.0 40.0 70.0

Utilities - - 30.0 55.0 60.0 145.0Surveys - - 10.0 20.0 20.0 50.0Office Expenses - - 80.0 120.0 140.0 340.0Building Maintenance - - - 32.5 52.1 84.6

Sub-total - - 140.0 277.5 332.1 749.6


V. TOTAL - AERU, FAISALABAD 106.4 1,300.7 963.9 620.0 625.2 3,616.2

1/ According to Table 142/ On Domestic M Sc Course in Year 2

Annex 9Table 17

EA_RISTAN4AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH UNIT - TARMAR(Rs '000)

Area Unit Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a ISq. Ft. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Office 760 0.22 (1) 167.2 _ - - - (1) 167.2House, I1I 1,600 0.18 (1) 288.0 (1) 288.0 (1) 288.0 - - (3) 864.0House, IV 1,000 0.16 - - - (1) 160.0 - (1) 160.0Utilities & Site

Development 113.8 72.0 72.0 40.0 - 297.8Consultancy Fees 31.3 19.8 19.8 11.0 - 81.9

Sub-total 600.3 379.8 379.8 211.0 - 1,570.9

B. Vehicles

Mini 4 x 4 53.0 (1) 53.0 - - _ (1) 53.0Car 100.0 - - (1) 100.0 - (1) 100.0

Sub-total 53.0 _ - 100.0 _ 153.0

C. Equipment

Office 60.0 - - 35.0 - 95.0

D. Furniture (Office) 75.0 - - - 75.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS 788.3 379.8 379.8 346.0 - 1,893.9


Senior Agricultural Economist 1/ (1) 72.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 65.5 (1) 53_2 (1) 297.3sociologist 1/ _ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 195.0 oBiometrician 1/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 239.3 3Statistical Assistant 1/ - - - - (1) 27.8 (1) 27.8office Assistant 22.2 - - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2Stenographer 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 111.0Clerk/typist 15.2 - - (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 45.6Driver 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 85.4Messenger 9.1 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.1 (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (3) 27.3 (3) 81.9

Sub-total 168.9 203.1 218.5 234.1 280.9 1,105.5



Mini 4 x 4 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0Car - - - 30.0 50.0 2/ 80.0

Utilities 20.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 60.0 170.0Surveys - 10.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 80.0Office Expenses 40.0 50.0 60.0 90.0 120.0 360.0Building Maintenance - - 19.9 32.5 45.1 97.5

Sub-total 80.0 1.00.0 139.9 232.5 335.1 887.5


V. TOTAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICgESEARCH - TARNAB 1,037.2 682.9 738.2 812.6 616.0 3,886.9

1/ According to Unit Costs given in Table 142/ 25,000 km. @ Rs. 2.00 per km- , due to extra use by Sociologist

Anex 9Table 18

PAKISTANAGRICULTURA17 URSEARCH PROJECT

AGRICULTURAL ECONIMICS RESEARCH UNIT -SARIAS

(Rs 000)

Area Year I Year 2

Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a I_q. Ft. Unit Cost 110. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

1. INVES1MENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Office 760 0.297 1/ - (1) 225.7 - - - (1) 225.7

House, III 1,600 0.243 I/ - (2) 777.6 - (1) 388.8 - (3) 1,166.4House, IV 1,000 0.243 1/ - - - (1) 243.0 - (1) 243.0Utilities & Site

Development - 250.8 - 158.0 - 408.8Consultancy Fees - 69.0 - 43.4 - 112.4

Sub-total 1,323.1 - 833.2 - 2,156.3

B. Vehicles

Mini 4 x 4 - - (1) 53.0 - - (1) 53.0

Car Sub-total -(1) 100.0 - (1) 100 0Sub-total - ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~- 53.0 100.0 - 153.0

C. Eguipment

Office - 60.0 - 35.0 - 95.0

D. Furniture _ 75.0 75.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS - 1,458.1 53.0 968.2 - 2,479.3


Senior Agricultural Economist(in Year 6 only) - - - - - - -

Agricultural Economist 2t - (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (2) 88.6 (2) 248.2Assistant Agricultural Economist j/ (1) 44.2 (1) 44.2 (1) 33.9 (1) 33.9 - (1) 156.2

Sociologist 2/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 239.3Office Assistant 22.2 - - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2Stenographer 22.2 - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 44.4Clerk/typist 15.2 - - (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 45.6Driver 12.2 - - (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 61.0Messenger 9.1 - - (2) 18.2 (2) 18.2 (3) 27.3 (3) 63.7

Sub-total 97.4 150.6 177.0 211.4 244.2 880.6



Mini 4x4 3 - - 30.0 30.0 30.0 90.0Car - - - 30.0 40.0 70.0

Utilities - - 30.0 40.0 60.0 130.0Surveys - - 20.0 30.0 40.0 90.0Office Expenses - - 60.0 90.0 120.0 270.0Building Expenses _ _ - 43.9 71.5 115.4

Sub-total - - 140.0 263.9 361.5 765.4


V. TOTAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH-SARIAB 97.4 1,608.7 370.0 1,443.5 605.7 4,125.3

I/ Higher by 35% than in Islamabad2/ According to Unit Costs given in Table 143/ 15,000 km @ Rs. 2.00 per km.

An..ex 9Table 19

PAKISTANAGRICUJLTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

AGRICULTIURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH UNIT - TANDOJAM(Rs '000)

Area Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a ISq. Ft. Unit Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

I. INVESTMENT COSTS

A. Civil Works

Office 760 0.220 - (1) 167.2 - - - (1) 167.2

Souse, III 1,600 0.180 - (1) 288.0 (2) 576.0 - - (3) 864.0House, IV 1,000 0.160 - - (1) 160.0 - - (1) 160.0Utilities & Site

Development - 113.8 184.0 - - 297.8

Consultancy Fees - 31.3 50.6 - - 81.9

Sub-total 600.3 970.6 - - 1,570.9

B. Vehicles

Mini 4 x 4 - - (1) 53.0 - _ (1) 53.0Car --- (1) 100.0 ___(1) 100.0

Sob-total - - 53.0 100.0 _ 153.0

C. Equipment

Office - 60.0 35.0 - - 95.0

D. Furniture - 75.0 - - _ 75.0

TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS - 735.3 1,058.6 100.0 - 1,893.9

11. INCREMENTAL STAFF COSTS

Senior Agricultural Econmaist 1/ - - - - (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2Agricultural Econumist 1/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 248.3

Assistant Agricultural Econ-ist T/ - (1) 44.2 (1) 44.2 (1) 33.9 - (1) 122.3

Biometrician 1/ (1) 53.2 (1) 53.2 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 44.3 (1) 239.3Statistical Assistant T/ - - (1) 27.8 (1) 27.8 (1) 27.8 (1) 83.4Office Assistant 22.2 - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 44.4Stenographer 22.2 - - - (1) 22.2 (1) 22.2 (1) 44.4

Clerk/typist 15.2 - - (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 15.2 (1) 45.6

Junior Clerk 12.2 - - (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 12.2 (1) 36.6

Driver 12.2 - - (1) 12.2 (2) 24.4 (2) 24.4 (2) 61.0

Messenger 9.1 _ - (1) 9.1 (3) 27.3 (3) 27.3 (3) 63.7

Sub-total 106.4 150.6 218.3 273.8 293.1 1,042.2


vehicle Running Expenses

Mini 4 x 4 - - 20.0 20.0 20.0 60.0

Car - 30.0 40.0 70.0

Utilities - - 30.0 55.0 60.0 145.0Surveys - 20.0 20.0 40.0

office Expenses 60.0 120.0 140.0 320.0Building Maintenance S b t 19.9 52.1 72.0

Sob-total - - 110.0 264.9 332.1 707.0

Iv. TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS 106.4 150.6 328.3 538.7 625.2 1,749.2

V. TOTAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH-TANDOJAM 106.4 885.9 1,386.9 638.7 625.2 3,643.1

l/ According to Unit Costs g4ven in Table 14

PAKISTAN


Training and Technical Assistance

1/Fellowships and Short-Term Training Technical Assistance-

Overseas Local TotalPh.d M.Sc. Short Sub- Ph.d. M.Sc. Long Short

Discipline (3 yrs.) (2 yrs.) Term Total (3 yrs.) (1 yr.) Term Term Total…----------…---…----------------------man years ----------------------------------------------

Plant Sciences 57.0 62.0 13.0 132.0 6.0 6.0 148.0 - 4,5 4,5Animal Sciences 54.0 32.0 8.0 94.0 - - 96.0 - 0,5 0.5Plant Introduction - - 2.0 2.0 - _ 2.0 - 0,3 0.3

Oilseeds 18.0, 16.0 12.0 46.0 9.0 6.0 66.0 - _ 2/Cereal Diseases 24.0 12.0 - 36.0 - _ 36.0 - 0.5 0.5Extension Methodology - - - - 2.0 - 2.0Agric. Engineering 9.0 4.0 5.5 1£.5 _ 19.5 2.0 0.3 2.3Agric. Economics 18.0 14.0 2.0 34.0 - 2.0 36.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 _Research Inform - - - - - - - 0.8 0.8PARC Lab. Equip. Maint. - - 1.5 1.5 1.5 - 0.5 0.5Administration - - - 2.0 - 2.0

Financial Management - - - - - - - - 4.0 4.0

Total 180.0 140.0 44.0 364.0 15.0 14.0 405.0 8.0 12,4 20,4

1/ All recruited abroad except that for financial management.2/ To be provided by CIDA.

oiE

PAKISTAN


FELLOWSHIP AND SHORT-TERN TRAINING(Rs '000)

Unlit YearlI Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 To0t al

(1.) Overseas cost No. Cost No. Cost No- Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

(a) Long Term 178.2 2! (24) 4,276.8 (36), 6,415.2 (19) 3,385.8 (2) 356.4 (2 ) 356.4 (83) 14,790.6

1188 3/ (24) 2,851.2 (36) 4,276.8 (28) 3,326.4 (19) 2,257.2 (0 ) 0 (107) 12,711.6 C

79 2 4/ (24) 1,900.8 (35) 2,772.0 (33) 2,613.6 (19) 1,504.8 (19) 1,504.8 (130) 10,296.

(b) Short Term 26 7. 3 5/ (2) 534.6 (4) 1,069.2 (4) 1,069.2 (4 ) 1,069.2 (3 ) 801.9 (17 ) 4,544.1

207.9 6! (2) 415.8 (3) 623.7 (3 ) 623:.7 (3 ) 623.7 (3 ) 623.7 (14 ) 2,910.6

148.5 7/ (2) 297.0 (3 445.5 (3) 445.5 (3) 445.5 (3 ) 445.5 (14 ) 2,079.0

Sub-total Overseas 10,276.2 15,602.4 VI1,464. 2 6,256.8 3,732.3 47-,331.9

(2) Local

Long Term 45.0 (7 ) 315.0 (12) 540.0 (6 ) 270.0 (2 ) 90.0 (0) 0 (27.0) 1,215.0

Sub-total Local 315.0 540.0 270.0 90.0 0 1,215.0

TOTAL TRAINING 10,591.2 16,142.4 11,734.2 6,346.8 3,732.3 48,546.9

I/ Numbers based on Table 20.2/Tn USA, or eouivalent ($18,000 per year x 3 for Ph U and x 2 for M Sc.).3/In UK, or e3uivalent, ($12,000 per year x 3 for Ph D and x 2 for M Sc.).

4/Tn NZ, or erjuivaleot, ($ 8,000 per year x 3 for Ph U and x 2 for N Sc.).

5/in USA, or equivalent ($ 2,000 x 6 months + $1,500 airfare x 2 = $27,000 per year).

T/ n UK, or equivalenlt ($1,500 x 6 months + $1,500 airfare x 2 -$21,000 per year).

7/In HZ, or equivalent ($1,000 x 6 months + $1,500 airfare x 2 = $15,000 per year).

PAKISTAN


TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE(Rs '000)

Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 T o t a ICost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

Long-term 792/yr 1/ (4) 3,168.0 (4) 3,168.0 - - - (8) 2/ 6,336.0

Short-term 950/yr 3/ (1.5) 1,425.0 (1.5) 1,425.0 (1.5) 1,425.0 (2.3) 2,185.0 (1.6) 1,520.0 (8.4) 2/ 7,980.0

External Travel 124/yr 4/ (10) 1,240.0 (10) 1,240.0 (6) 744.0 (10) 1,240.0 (8) 992.0 (44) 5,456.0

Sub-total ' 5,833.0 5,833.0 2,169.0 3,425.0 2,512.0 19,772.0

Reimburseables 60/yr 5/ (5.5) 330.0 (5.5) 330.0 (1.5) 90.0 (2.3) 138.0 (1.6) 96.0 (16.4) 984.0

Other Local Expenses

Local Consultants 6/ 120/yr (2) 240.0 (1) 120.0 (½) 60.0 (½) 60.0 - (4) 2/ 480.0

Sub-total 570.0 450.0 150.0 198.0 96.0 1,464.0

TOTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 6,403.0 6,283.0 2,319.0 3,623.0 2,608.0 21,236.0

1/ $80,000 based on UNDP budgetary figure for personnel of required calibre.2/ From Table 20 l3/ UNDP bedgeting figure of $6,600/month adjusted upward to secure personnel of required 'calibre, equivalent to $96,000/person/year.4/ One-way travel expense including air fare estimated at $1,250 per trip, rounded to Rs 124,000 without family. M5/ Calculated on basis of Rs 5,000 per month, per person, for internal travel, additional office expens,., etc. aI6/ For financial Management Services, calculated at Rs 10,000/person/month.

-82-

ANNEX 10

PAKISTAN


List of Material Available in Project File

Item 1 - Coordinated Agricultural Research Planning System (CAREPLANS).

Item 2 - Current Research Info-mation System of Pakistan (CRISP)

Item 3 - Short Term Consultancy Requirements

Item 4 - Cereal Diseases Research Institute - Research ProgramEquipment List

Item 5 - Plant Sciences Division - Research Program and EquipmentList

Item 6 - Animal Sciences Division - Research Program and EquipmentList

Item 7 - Oilseeds Division - Research Program and Equipment List

Item 8 - Plant Introduction and Genetic Resources Division -Research Program and Equipment List

Item 9 - Agricultural Engineering Division - Research Program andEquipment List

Item 10 - research Information Unit - Equipment List

Item 11 - Laboratory Equipment Maintenance and Repair Unit - EquipmentList

Item 12 - Mid-Term Review - Draft Terms of Reference

Item 13 - Research Subprojects Identified before Appraisal


ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTPROPOSED ORGANIZATION OF PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

Council

Chairman

Ek| Me| be Membe Member Member

. Unit | . | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Resources Sciences Sciences Sc iences

UnitPlaannndn9 Auditand

Technical Project Implementation Unit *

Procurement . Personnel Services

l l ~~~~~~~~~~~FinancialManagement

Training and Services| Information | | International

Liaison

World Bank - 22379


ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTPROPOSED PARC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES (FMS)

| PARC l| Chairman l

Intrna Audi r FMS Division

Am~~Aui

Field Haquarters conBde nStationsFiac

Imprest Bank Bkk Inventory| Funds | | Accounts | ] Bookkeepgn9 | | Control

World Bank - 22380

IBRD 1548640 680 / 720 U. S. S. R. 1,JANUARY 1981

PAKISTAN L- C CH I NA

MAIN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS \.' ,AND . 7

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES -'

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

NARC AND PARC * C. .-.) App--tomae Li nofC-ot,roPLANT, SOILS AND FORESTRY .. £ ..

ANIMALSCIENCEANDFISHERIES N (MONA Nowshera

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES P Tar Mo:ro.'> ')g t IsIatnab.ad.iNDUS DELTA

SOUTHERN IRRIGATED PLAIN N. W. F. P .SANDY DESERT (a& b) -,.j Rawalpindi . sNORTHERN IRRIGATED PLAIN (a & b)BARANI LANDS

WET MOUNTAINSNORTHERN DRY MOUNTAINSWESTERN DRY MOUNTAINS

-32° DRY WESTERN PLATEAU A / o SULAIMAN PIEDMONT Khao Sargoha SI K ak 3204 ~ {_ A; / ro 0/' '

. RIVERS - Faisalabad 0 Lohore

0 MAIN TOWNS _

/ - - PROVINCIAL BOUNDARIES

INTERNATIONAL A OSalwa0UNDARIIES

CD/IRAN '-\ ( X j/I N D I A

-2'8.aoabd 1 8

.se / t. | S I N D * KILOMETERS 0 100 200 300

arrraaoi t \ jMILES 0 100 200) T L<kwand . 72U

/ 0Mi,p.,khas... 4 ~ofoao=KarK hi yderabad R )e CHINA

6$49 //7 ) s ~~~~~~~~~~IRAN l

.240 ArobiGn Seaf 2I

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