WORLD CONSUMER RIGHTS DAY-2009WORLD CONSUMER RIGHTS DAY-2009Junk Food Generation:Junk Food Generation:

Stop Marketing Unhealthy Foods Stop Marketing Unhealthy Foods

to Childrento Children

Dr. Harun K.M. Yusuf, PhD, FBASDr. Harun K.M. Yusuf, PhD, FBASProfessor of Biochemistry and Human NutritionProfessor of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition

University of Dhaka University of Dhaka CurrentlyCurrently

Nutrition Advisor to FAO of the UNNutrition Advisor to FAO of the UNFAO-National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme FAO-National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme

(NFPCSP)(NFPCSP)

Consumers Association of BangladeshConsumers International

Dhaka15 March 2009

WORLD CONSUMER RIGHTS DAYWORLD CONSUMER RIGHTS DAYConsumers InternationalConsumers International

• First observed on 15 March 1983

• Different themes in different years But….• 2009: Junk Food Generation: Stop marketing

unhealthy foods to children• 2008: Junk Food Generation: Keep your

children off from unhealthy foods• 2007: Stop immoral acts in advertisement of

medicines

What are junk foods?What are junk foods?

• Ready to eat, take home fast foods, high in oils and fats (a good percentage of trans-fats), salt and sugar but poor in of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre,

• unhealthy when eaten regularly.

– Michael Jacobson

Director, Center for Science in Public

Interest (1972)

Burger with chips and salad

Oven baked sandwiches

French fries

Tuscani Lasagna

Beef burger with high fat and cheese

Hot dog

trans-fatty acid

cis-fatty acid

Hydrogenation

Vegetable oil

Vegetable fatVanaspati, butter oil

(Implicated in coronary heart disease)

Cause behind obesity

ENERGY BALANCE

Energy intake = Energy expenditure – normal

Energy intake < Energy expenditure – undernutrition

Energy intake > Energy expenditure – overnutrition (overweight and obesity)

Consequences of obesityConsequences of obesity

• Diabetes type 2

• Ischaemic heart disease

• Stroke

• Hypertensive disease

• Osteoarthritis

• Cancers (colon, kidney, endometrial, and postmenopausal breast cancer)

Changes in fat cell number from birth to adulthood

02468

101214161820

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Age (years)

Fat c

ell n

umbe

r (bi

llion

s)

Normal growth

Changes in fat cell number from birth to adulthood according to nutritional status

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21

Age (years)

Fat

cel

l n

um

ber

(b

ilio

ns)

Cell number - normal

Cell number -undernourished

Cell numberovernourished - grade 1

Cell numberovernourished - grade 2

Cell numberovernourished - grade 3

Changes in fat cell number from birth to adulthood according to nutritional status

0

20

40

60

80

100

Age (years)

Fat c

ell n

umbe

r (b

ilion

s)

Cell number - normal

Cell number -undernourished

Cell numberovernourished - grade 1

Cell numberovernourished - grade 2

Cell numberovernourished - grade 3

Grade 3

Grade 2

Grade 1

Normal

Undernourished

Fat Cell Numbers in Teen Years Linger for a Lifetime

Definitions

Overweight in adults: excess weight relative to height measured by BMI (wt in kg/height in meter squared)– BMI 25-29.99 is overweight– BMI 30-39.99 is grade I obesity– BMI >40 grade II obesity

overweight in children: measured as weight-for-height >20 percent above the international reference

Obesity in children, when >40% standard

There are approximately 350 million obese people (BMI ≥30.0) and over 1 billion overweight people (BMI ≥25) in the world.

Overall about 2.5 million deaths are attributed to overweight/obesity worldwide (the so-called globesity).

Globesity

BangladeshBangladesh

• In Bangladesh, obesity is on the increase, particularly in women.

Rapidly transmitting into young children

• Increasing trend of obesity in both rural and urban population

• Every second household in the Dhaka city now has one or more diabetes patient.

Changes in maternal malnutrition rates in Bangladesh, 1997- 2005 (BBS)

53

45

3632

7 1116 17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996-97 1999-00 2004 2005

Pre

vale

nce

, %

CED (BMI<18.5) Overweight (BMI>=23)

Bangladesh

• 40% of total deaths were due to NCDs in 2000.

• 60% total deaths will be due to NCDs by 2010.

• 9.1% urban poor and 4.1% rural women were overweight (HKI surveillance 2007)

WHO/FAO recommendation for WHO/FAO recommendation for preventionprevention

• Fresh fruit intake 200 gm/day

• Vegetable intake 200 g/day

• Limit salt intake to <6 g/day

• Increase fish consumption, preferably sea fish BUT free from formalin

• Keep BMI ---- 21 - 23

National Food Policy 2006

Overall goal Achieving food security for all at all times

3 Objectives Objective 1 : Adequate and stable supply of safe and

nutritious food

Objective 2 : Increased purchasing power and access to food of the people

Objective 3 : Adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially women and children

Objective -3: Adequate nutrition Objective -3: Adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially for for all individuals, especially for

women and childrenwomen and children

Strategy - 3.1: Long-term national plan for ensuring balanced food in building a healthy nation

Strategy - 3.2: Supply of sufficient nutritious food for vulnerable groups

Strategy - 3.3 Balanced diet containing adequate micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)

Strategy - 3.4: Safe drinking water and improved sanitation

Strategy - 3.5: Safe, quality food supplyStrategy - 3.6: Adequate health status

Our commitmentOur commitment• Before we close today, let’s all commit

ourselves to save our children and also ourselves from the curse of the junk foods.

• Let’s each of us take at least one step to convince the business enterprises not to sell junk foods to our children.

• Let’s each of us take at least one step to keep our children away from junk foods.

A ban on advertising of junk foods during children's television programmes and programmes aimed at young people was announced by Britain in 2006. The ban also included marketing using celebrities, cartoon characters and health or nutrition claims.

"Junk food ad crackdown announced". BBC News. 2006-11-17. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6154600.stm.

How wonderful! Let’s not distort the How wonderful! Let’s not distort the equilibriumequilibrium

Lifetime ofconsumption

- Carbohydrate, 7015 kg- Protein, 2400 kg- Fat, 2600 kg- Minerals, 400 kg- Water, 42,000 kg- Oxygen, 10 million

liters

Human bodyComposition

- Carbohydrate, 1 kg- Protein, 10.5 kg- Fat, 9 kg- Minerals, 3.5 kg- Water, 48 kg

Thank you for your kind attention