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World History Chapter 10:The Later Middle Ages VocabularyBy Jan Gomez#13 (Block 1)March 2012
excommunicateExcommunicate means “to cast
out from the church, the offender.The pope excommunicated the
man that set the church on fire.
Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory excommunicated
the Roman emperor Henry IV in 1073. Gregory disapproved of a bishop that Henry chose.
Emperor Henry IVEmperor Henry IV was an
emperor of the Holy roman Empire.
In 1073, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry because he disapproved of a bishop he chose.
When Gregory sent out nobles to overthrow Henry, he stood for 3 days in the snow until Gregory finally noticed he was there. He then accepted his apology.
CrusadesThe Crusades were a long series
of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.
There was 4 crusades. The 1st was in favor of the Christians, but the rest was in favor of the Muslims.
The Crusaders would not rest until they had the Holy Land.
Holy LandThe Holy Land, or Palestine, was
called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died.
The Crusades were a fight for the Holy Land during the late 1000s.
We made a trip to the Holy Land, where it was warm.
Pope Urban IIThe Byzantine Empire were being
attacked by Muslims, and he asked Pope Urban for help.
Urban agreed to the request.They sent off unarmed peasants
and soldiers out there, and they claimed the Holy Land once they had won, chanting their cry, “God wills it!” It was all thanks to Pope Urban, who helped them.
King Richard IKing Richard I was the King of
England.He was sent out to the Third
Crusade, along with French and German kings.
After the German king died, and the French king left, King Richard was left in the Holy Land alone.
He had to face the brilliant Muslim leader, Saladin.
SaladinSaladin was the leader of the
Muslim forces.Saladin was a brilliant leader.
Even the Crusaders respected his kindness toward fallen enemies. In turn, Muslims admired Richard’s bravery.
Richard and Saladin fought and negotiated. But Richard came just short.
clergyClergy are church officials.The clergy tried to ask God for
help when the flood hit the city.
Religious orderA religious order is a group of
people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules.
The religious order was very nice to everyone.
Francis to AssisiFrancis, born in Assisi, Italy in
1182, gave all his money and possessions away and left his father’s house.
He preached to people who were poor or ill.
friarsFriars are people who belonged
to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public.
The friars, in my opinion, lived a very simple life.
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas was a teacher at the University of Paris.
He argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs.
He wrote an argument to prove the existence of God.
Natural lawA law that governed how the
world operated. Aquinas called it natural law.
Natural law gave me an idea of how to live.
Magna CartaThis document listing rights that
the king could not ignore was Magna Carta.
The king disapproved of Magna Carta, and argued that the makers of this remove it.
ParliamentThe lawmaking body that
governs England today. The parliament of Canada
decided to make that bill a law.
Hundred Years’ WarA long conflict between England
and France.The Hundred Years’ War was
teamed up with Black Death to make the worst years of Europe.
Joan of ArcRallied the French troops.Eventually captured by the
English, but was too late.The French drove the English in
1453.
Black DeathDeadly plague that swept
through Europe between 1347 and 1351.
The Black Death created major chaos as over 25 million people died from it.
heresyReligious ideas that oppose
accepted church teachings are called heresy.
Ms. Ana did not accept heresy in her class.
Spanish ReconquistaSpanish efforts to retake Spain
from the Moors.The Spanish Reconquista was big
for the Christians and Muslims following the Crusades.
King FerdinandKing Ferdinand was the prince of
Aragon who married Isabella of Castilla.
Ten years, later he became king of Spain.
Queen IsabellaMarried to the king of Aragon.Became king and queen of Spain
soon after 10 years.
Spanish InquisitionsAn organization of priests that
looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected in secretly practicing their old religion.
The Spanish Inquisitions killed more than 3,400 people.