World History

Chapter 7 Lesson 2

Emperor

Shogun

Daimyo

Samurai (warriors)

Peasants

Artisans

Merchants

Justice (Gi)   

Bravery (Yuu)   

Benevolence (Jin)  

Politeness (Rei)  

Veracity (Makoto)

Honor (Meiyo)  

Loyalty (Chuugi)   

Japan Background

Logo of the Shoguns

By end of 1400s, Japan’s centralized government (Shogun rule) was falling apart.

Fighting between the Daimyo (heads of noble families) who controlled vast areas of land and were fighting with one another.

Different Diamyo

Japanese Unification

Unification began late 16th century (1500s)

Three political figures:Toyotomi HideyoshiTokugawa IeyasuOda Nabunaga

Oda Nobunaga Captures the royal

capital, Kyoto and centralizes power

in the surrounding area which is the central area of Japan.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi Farmer turned military

commander

Takes control and moves capital to Osaka

He persuades the majority of the daimyo to accept his authority as central leader.

Tokugawa IeyasuDaimyo of Edo

Took control of Japan after Toyotomi’s death

Restores central power

Moves the capital to Edo

(modern day Tokyo)

“Great Peace” from 1598

to 1868

Europeans come to Japan

First Portuguese traders arrive 1543

Welcomed, traded openly

Weapons, tobacco, clocks and glasses from Europe

Europeans get kicked out

16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549

Next Jesuit Missionaries At first converted many

Daimyo But, Jesuits destroyed

shrines resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land (1549)

Missionaries expelled Traders also removed

Only 1 Dutch trading group remained w/ restrictions

Tokugawa Rule Wanted to control the

feudal system in Japan

Land was divided into 250 hans (domains), which were ruled by daimyo

Could be independent, but the shogun ruled by hostage system

Hostage system Each daimyo has 2

houses. 1 in Edo; 1 on their han When daimyo isn’t in

Edo, his family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel

Economic Changes

Coins from the Edo period

Trade and Industry grew Cities grew

Edo +1 Million pop. Banking grew, paper

money became the standard

Merchant class grew Taxes increased

Peasants suffered, some revolted

Social Changes

Eta skinning deer

Strict class distinctions Emperor and imperial court Warriors Peasants/farmers Artisans Merchants Eta (outcasts)

Laws separating them No intermarriage

Role of Women

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/3492944934/in/set-72157617576425408/

Restricted, especially in warrior class Influenced by Confucianism

Rules: Parents determined

marriage Men could divorce women

who don’t fulfill their duties. Men controlled property. Were valued as mothers

Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty

Theater Kabuki No women

performersEmphasizes action,

music and gestures

Art and Architecture

Hirosaki Castle

Need for homes in Edo caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes

Used gold foil to reflect light in dark castles

Also used height for defense

Cultural Changes Literature

Popular in cities Lighthearted, for fun

Ihara Saikaku “Five Women who Loved Love”

Poetry More serious Haiku (5,7,5; about nature)

○ Ex. Matsuo Basho

The most famous type of Japanese poem is called a haiku which came from poetry known as “aku renka” or just renga in which a group of people get together and write a collaborative poem.

The first stanza of ”renga” with a 5-7-5 sound unit count is called hokku ( 発句 ). This stanza would be created by a special guest when present, and is considered a part of the greeting in a renga gathering.

It must include a kigo ( 季語 , "seasonal word"), as well as a kireji ( 切字 , "cutting word" - a break in the text, usually, but not always, at the end of a line).

The kigo usually references the season the renga was created in. Hokku, removed from the context of renga, eventually became the haiku poetry form.

Rules for Haiku17 syllables in 3 lines of 5/7/5 with a break at end of 1st or 2nd line with a “cutting” word so

each section could be read separately

An action occurs, usually an everyday, simple event that catches one’s attention

Time of season/time of day are present (called a “kigo”)

Descriptive- you should be able to see/hear/smell/taste/feel what happens

Furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto- Basho

Fu-ru (old) i-ke (pond) ya, ka-wa-zu (frog) to-bi-ko-mu (jumping into) mi-zu (water) no o-to (sound) 

An old silent pond...A frog jumps in….SPLASH !!!

Then.. Silence again.

An old silent pond...A frog jumps inThe sound of water

A mountain villageunder the piled-up snow

the sound of water.- Masaoka Shiki

Night; and once again,while I wait for you, cold wind

turns into rain. –Masaoka Shiki

The winds that blow -ask them, which leaf on the tree

will be next to go –Takahama

From all directionsWinds bring petals of cherry

Into the blue lake

I kill an antand realize my three childrenhave been watching. –Kato

First autumn morning:the mirror I stare intoshows my father's face –Kijo Murakami

On New Year's DayI long to meet my parentsas they were before my birth.-Soseki Natsume

Freeway overpass--Blossoms in graffiti onfog-wrapped June mornings

Faceless, just numbered.Lone pixel in the bitmap-I, anonymous.

Glass balls and glowing lights.Dead tree in living room.Killed to honor birth.

waki ( 脇 ?): The second stanza of a renga with a 7-7 sound unit count. The person who helped to organize the gathering is honored with creating it.

daisan ( 第三 ?): The third stanza of a renga with a 5-7-5 mora count. It must end with the -te form of a verb to allow the next poet greater freedom in creating the

stanza.

hiraku ( 平句 ?): Refers to all verses other than the hokku, waki, daisan, and ageku.

ageku ( 挙句 ?): The last stanza of a renga. Care should be taken to wrap up the renga.

Another Japanese tradition takes some else’s entire haiku of 3 lines and you add 2 more lines of 7/7 to make a new haiku called a haikai.

As was referenced earlier, groups of people would get together and write renga poems; the first person would do 3 lines of 5/7/5 then someone else would add to it with 7/7; then a 3rd would do 5/7/5 etc… with the

only other rule being that whatever you added had to link your words to what was already written .

Let’s try one now. Add two 7 syllable lines to one of these famous haiku:When it is my time…..

Beneath the cherry blossomsWhen the moon is full.

World History…boredwith PowerPoints on Japan

Will this ever end?

Your homework assignment due when you come into class next time is to write 2 complete, original haiku.

The subject of your first haiku is to be a young child home from school on a snow day.

Your 2nd haiku can be on any subject you wish.