World History Chevalier Fall 2011. During the Crusades, many luxury goods came from Asia to Europe ...
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World History Chevalier Fall 2011. During the Crusades, many luxury goods came from Asia to Europe Mongol Empire united must of Asia in the 1200’s-1300’s-more
During the Crusades, many luxury goods came from Asia to Europe
Mongol Empire united must of Asia in the 1200s-1300s-more goods
flowed to Europe.
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Black death, break-up of Mongol Empire disrupted trade, but by
the 1400s, more trade goods came to Europe, especially spices.
Cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pepper Used as food preservative, flavor
enhancer, medicines and perfumes
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Spice Islands(present day Indonesia)-main source of spices for
Europeans
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1. Desire for wealth-Europeans wanted direct access to the
riches of Asia Portugal, then Spain, sought a sea route to Asia
that bypassed the Med. (no canal yet) 2. Religion-Many Christians
wanted to continue a crusade against Muslims, whished to spread
their religion to other lands. 3.Curiosity and Adventure-The
Renaissance spirit fired peoples desire to learn more about lands
beyond Europe.
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1. Cartographers (mapmakers)-created more accurate maps and sea
charts 2. Astrolabe-navigational tool used to determine latitude at
sea (video) 3. Caravel-large ship used by the Portuguese- combines
square (European) sails with triangular (Arab) sails, rudder and
masts of Chinese ships-added weaponry (canon) (hybrid)
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By the 1400s, Portugal led the way in exploration
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Henry the Navigator AKA Prince Henry of Portugal- Gathered
scientists, cartographers and other experts He trained captains and
crews for long voyages Sent ships to explore the west coast of
Africa Wanted to establish a profitable trading empire in Asia
Wanted to spread Christianity across the continent
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1488-Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope (southern
tip of Africa) Opened the way for a sea route to Asia Goes to Cape
of Good Hope, stops and comes back His expedition opened up another
way to Asia. Traders could now bypass the overland route, which was
dangerous and full of middlemen.
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On to India Vasco da Gama- 1497-sailed Cape of Good Hope,
reached India in 10 months Disastrous voyage home-many sailors died
of thirst, hunger, and scurvy (disease caused by lack of vitamin C)
Limey He brought back spices from India, returned in 1502-
Portuguese seized key ports around the Indian Ocean, created a vast
trading empire Dominant for about 100 years
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Christopher Columbus-navigator from Genoa, Italy-planned to
sail west, hoped to find a shortcut Portugal wouldnt fund his
voyage, but he persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance
his trip-they were seeking new sources of wealth and eager to
spread Christianity Riches, glory and fame were promised
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Aug. 3, 1492-began voyage heading west across the Atlantic with
3 ships: The Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria- spotted land on
Oct. 12 (Bahamas)-called the natives Indians because he thought he
was in the Indies(islands of SE Asia)-after returning to Spain and
making 3 more voyages, he remained convinced he had reached Asia
(many began to realize)
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Portugal and Spain-Both laid claims to lands explored by
Columbus-to keep the peace, Pope Alexander VI set a Line of
Demarcation dividing the non European world into two zones:
Trading/exploring rights west of the line: Spain East of the line:
Portugal Recognized by both countries in the Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494)
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1507- A German cartographer, reading reports written by Italian
Amerigo Vespucci, labeled the new region America-islands explored
by Columbus in the Caribbean were called the West Indies.
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa- Spain- Crossed isthmus of Panama; came
to a huge body of water, called it the South Sea Juan Ponce de
Leon-Spain- Was searching for the legendary fountain of youth,
discovered Florida
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Ferdinand Magellan-Spain- 1519-his 5 ships sailed around South
America- put down at least two mutinies- Will take a different
route in dealing with them Faced brutal storms around the tip of
South America- becomes known as the Strait of Magellan- entered
Balboas south Sea; renamed it the Pacific (peaceful) ocean.
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Most of Magellanss crew wanted to return home, but he wanted to
push on to the Spice Islands- Took 4 months to cross the Pacific
Reach Philippines in 1521 Magellan killed in local conflict with
natives One ship and 18 sailors make it back to Spain on Sep. 8,
1522 Trip took 3 years First crew to circumnavigate the globe
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English, Dutch, and French searched the coast of North America
for a Northwest Passage to Asia (Spain never did) Passage never
found but exploration led to new claims in the New World:
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1.John Cabot-Italian who sailed for England Found rich fishing
grounds off Newfoundland(Canada), claimed it for England 1497;
claimed Newfoundland for England
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2. Jacques Cartier(France)- explored the St. Lawrence river 3.
Henry Hudson-(sailing for the Dutch)- explored the Hudson River and
Hudson Bay
