World History in one sentenceWorld History in one sentence

BELLWORK: Analyze the BELLWORK: Analyze the photo: What do you see? What photo: What do you see? What

does this mean?does this mean?

British Imperialism in British Imperialism in IndiaIndia

IndiaIndia

Great Britain in IndiaGreat Britain in India

1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India

British East India CompanyBritish East India Company

● ● controlled British trade in Indiacontrolled British trade in India eventually the company gained political control over Bangladesh, eventually the company gained political control over Bangladesh,

Southern India, and Northern India (along Southern India, and Northern India (along Ganges RiverGanges River) )

British East India CompanyBritish East India Company 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by

British governmentBritish government

company had its own armycompany had its own army Company army led by Company army led by

British army officersBritish army officers

SepoysSepoys Indians who joined British armies in IndiaIndians who joined British armies in India

Resented by other IndiansResented by other Indians

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” Great Britain considered India its most precious Great Britain considered India its most precious

jewel (colony) in its Imperial crownjewel (colony) in its Imperial crown

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” Industrial Revolution turned India into a major supplier of Industrial Revolution turned India into a major supplier of

raw materials to Great Britainraw materials to Great Britain

300 million Indians were 300 million Indians were

a large market for a large market for

British products British products

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” British forbade India from British forbade India from

trading on its own with trading on its own with other countriesother countries

India was forced to produce raw India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only buy finished products from only BritainBritain

Indian competition with British Indian competition with British finished products was forbiddenfinished products was forbidden

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown” Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from

inside India to its portsinside India to its ports

Raw Materials Taken from India Raw Materials Taken from India Tea Tea Indigo (dye for clothing)Indigo (dye for clothing)

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India CoffeeCoffee Cotton Cotton

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India Jute (fiber for making rope)

Opium (plant that heroin is Opium (plant that heroin is made from)made from)

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India Britain relied more on raw materials from India as wars Britain relied more on raw materials from India as wars

around the world cut off British supplies from other placesaround the world cut off British supplies from other places

example: example: American Civil WarAmerican Civil War (1861-1865) (1861-1865)

made Indian cotton more important to made Indian cotton more important to

Great Britain because cotton supply from Great Britain because cotton supply from

America was cut offAmerica was cut off

Positives for IndiaPositives for India Great Britain laid the Great Britain laid the

world’s third largest world’s third largest railroad network in Indiarailroad network in India

Railroads brought unity to Railroads brought unity to disconnected regions in disconnected regions in IndiaIndia

Modern road Modern road

networknetwork

■ ■ Telephone and telegraph linesTelephone and telegraph lines

Dams, bridges, canalsDams, bridges, canals

Sanitation and public health Sanitation and public health improvedimproved

Schools/Schools/

colleges foundedcolleges founded Truces betweenTruces between

local warring rulers local warring rulers

in India in India

Negatives for India Negatives for India British held all political and British held all political and

economic powereconomic power

British restricted Indian-British restricted Indian-owned industriesowned industries

Cash crops made it impossible Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce for small farmers to produce enough food for themselvesenough food for themselves

Racist attitudes of most British Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional lifethreatened Indian traditional life

Indians RebelIndians Rebel By 1850 most Indians resented By 1850 most Indians resented

that Great Britain owned their that Great Britain owned their countrycountry

Indians were angry at attempts Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to to forcefully convert them to ChristianityChristianity

Indians were angry Britain Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in controlled all useful land in their country their country

■ ■ Indians were angry at the constant Indians were angry at the constant racism expressed towards them by racism expressed towards them by the Britishthe British

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny 1857 gossip spread amongst 1857 gossip spread amongst SepoysSepoys (Indian soldiers for (Indian soldiers for

the British)the British)

the seals of their ammunition had to be bitten offthe seals of their ammunition had to be bitten off they believed the British dipped the seals of their they believed the British dipped the seals of their

ammunition in beef and pork ammunition in beef and pork

((Hindus Hindus can not eat beef/ can not eat beef/ MuslimsMuslims can not eat pork) can not eat pork)

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny British commander was British commander was

outraged when 85 outraged when 85 SepoysSepoys refused to accept the refused to accept the ammunitionammunition

The The SepoysSepoys were jailed for were jailed for disobeying ordersdisobeying orders

May 10, 1857 May 10, 1857 SepoysSepoys rebelled; rebelled; marched on Delhi (Indian capital)marched on Delhi (Indian capital)

rebellion spread into northern rebellion spread into northern and central Indiaand central India

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny Fierce fighting between British Fierce fighting between British

and Sepoys (aided by other and Sepoys (aided by other Indians)Indians)

East India Company took more East India Company took more than a year to regain control of than a year to regain control of the countrythe country

British government sent troops British government sent troops to help themto help them

Indians Did Not Fully Unite During Indians Did Not Fully Unite During Sepoy Sepoy MutinyMutiny

serious splits between Hindus and serious splits between Hindus and MuslimsMuslims

unclear inconsistent leadershipunclear inconsistent leadership

Many Indian princes did not take Many Indian princes did not take part in the rebellion (made part in the rebellion (made alliances with alliances with

British)British)

SikhsSikhs (Indian religious group) (Indian religious group) remained loyal to the Britishremained loyal to the British

SikhsSikhs

SikhsSikhs Minority Indian religious groupMinority Indian religious group

Sikhs feared Muslims would regainSikhs feared Muslims would regain

control of the country during control of the country during

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny

■ ■ Muslim Muslim MughalsMughals ruled ruled

India before BritainIndia before Britain

SikhsSikhs SikhsSikhs replaced replaced SepoysSepoys in in

Britain’s Indian army Britain’s Indian army after the after the Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny

MughalsMughals did not allow did not allow religious freedomreligious freedom

Great Britain allowed some Great Britain allowed some religious freedom in Indiareligious freedom in India

Turning Point Turning Point

1858 British government took direct control over India 1858 British government took direct control over India (because of the Mutiny)(because of the Mutiny)

RajRaj (time period when (time period when

India was under Great India was under Great

Britain’s control: Britain’s control:

1757-1947)1757-1947)

RajRaj India was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districts India was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districts

sometimes a handful of sometimes a handful of

officials would be the only officials would be the only

British amongst millions of British amongst millions of

Indians in a districtIndians in a district

Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled more British Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled more British racism towards Indiansracism towards Indians

Indian National Congress 1885Indian National Congress 1885 Made up of Made up of HindusHindus; called for ; called for

self-governmentself-government upset that Britain segregated upset that Britain segregated

Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905section and Hindu section in 1905

INC led acts of violence INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal against British in Bengal

1911 Britain changed the order 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation of segregation

Muslim League 1906Muslim League 1906 Made up of MuslimsMade up of Muslims also called for self-governmentalso called for self-government

also upset about segregation of also upset about segregation of Bengal in1905Bengal in1905

also participated in acts of also participated in acts of violence against British in Indiaviolence against British in India