PRODUCT CONTENTSMANIPULATIVES: 16 pages of sentencesand answer keys (5 sentences each for12 sets); 3 pages of color photos

8 pages of teacher information

COPYRIGHT © READING MANIPULATIVESAll rights reserved. Published in the United States of America. No part of these materials may be usedor reproduced in any form or by any means, orstored in a retrieval system, without prior writtenpermission of the publisher. Making copies of anypart of these materials for any purpose other thanyour personal use is a violation of United Statescopyright laws.

SKILL DEVELOPMENTAll sets or cards in Reading Manipulatives products are different.Once students are introduced to the skills and shown how to do theactivity, they work independently. The individualized materials canbe used for seatwork or stations. Students work on needed skills,and teachers are freed for instruction.

MATERIALS PREPARATIONPDF pages are designed to be printed on 8.5 x 11 inch sheets.Cover-weight paper in a variety of colors is available at officesupply stores or online. Lamination is recommended.

There are 12 unique sets of World Landmarks 2 ScrambledSentences manipulatives. Each set contains words that form 5sentences, along with a matching photo. Optimally, the PDF pagesshould be printed on 5 colors (1–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10–12, 13–16) as thiswould make the pieces for the sentences easier to sort. However,each piece has a character following the set number (–l, –n, –s,–6, or –H) that can be used for sorting if only one color of paper isused. Sentences have a logical progression and should always bearranged in the same sequence.

Cut the laminated sheets of sentences into horizontal stripsusing a trimmer. Then use sharp scissors to cut halfway betweenthe individual words. Cut each sheet of photos vertically on thetrimmer and then cut the 2 photos apart with scissors. All pieceshave a set code on them. Put the 12 sets in zipper bags.

ANSWER KEYS & STUDENT CHECKLISTSAnswer keys are provided because active involvement buildsaccountability. When done thoughtfully, students learn fromchecking their work and analyzing any errors. Checklists fortracking the materials that have been completed are important forrecordkeeping. The last page of this guide is a master for studentchecklists that can be copied and cut.

WORLD LANDMARKS 2 SCRAMBLED SENTENCESPRODUCT CODE: 645

Reading Manipulatives, Inc. 1725 East Mountain View Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85020-2345 www.readskill.com

Fluency is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Fluent readers recognize words automaticallyand read aloud effortlessly and with expression. They are able to group words into meaningful phrasesand extract meaning from what they have read. They simultaneously relate what they are reading to theentire selection, as well as their own background knowledge. Unless students can read fluently, readingcomprehension is hindered.

Fluent reading takes practice, and therefore the skill is honed slowly. Additionally, students do notdevelop fluency until they have a solid foundation of word analysis skills. Many students who cannotread fluently must put too much effort into decoding. They read slowly, word for word, with unnaturalphrase grouping, and this negatively impacts comprehension. Other students recognize wordsautomatically and understand what they are reading, but their reading still lacks expression. Thesestudents may need to be taught phrases and clauses that signal appropriate breaking points in the text.

HOW SCRAMBLED SENTENCES BUILD FLUENCY & LANGUAGE USAGE SKILLSA key characteristic of fluent reading is the ability to group words into meaningful clusters whilereading. Scrambled sentences are an excellent strategy for building concepts about blocks of text.In these manipulatives, the words in sentences are cut apart and students arrange them into sentences.With practice, students become more adept at grouping words into phrases and sentences.

Students are eager to do scrambled sentences because the activity seems like a word game. Theinteresting facts conveyed in the sentences also engage students. Yet as students move through theseincreasingly complex sets of scrambled sentences, they build fluency while improving linguistic andgrammatical competency. Completed sentences provide opportunities for oral reading.

As students assemble the words into sentences, their awareness of sentence structure improves.Without getting bogged down in terminology, they soon identify subjects and predicates; organize wordsinto phrases; link adjectives and adverbs to the words they modify; and use conjunctions to providecohesive ties. Scrambled sentences also model accurate capitalization and punctuation, and students learnto utilize these as organizational cues.

USING MANIPULATIVES WITH ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERSIn the United States, English language learners (ELLs) are the most rapidly expanding studentpopulation. Reading Manipulatives products complement bilingual programs and can be core programcomponents in English immersion programs. The following are among the many reasons thatmanipulatives are effective for teaching literacy skills to ELLs.

• Manipulatives can be easily adapted to suit learner skills or abilities.• The intuitive, natural approaches need less explanation, thereby removing language barriers.• Manipulatives are less threatening, more engaging, and can be repeated until mastery is attained.• Scrambled sentences teach English syntax as they foster reading comprehension and fluency.

SCRAMBLED SENTENCES LEVELS & CONTENTThe Reading Manipulatives 600 scrambled sentences series has 3 levels of difficulty. Each level has 3products containing 12 student sets on varied topics.The following page has examples from eachinstructional level and notes sentence length and language usage features.

Page 7 lists the sentences from the 12 student sets in this product. The final page is a master forstudent checklists that can be used for recordkeeping. Students mark off the sets as they complete them.

DEVELOP FLUENCY WITH SCRAMBLED SENTENCES

Copyright © Reading Manipulatives, Inc. World Landmarks 2 Scrambled Sentences 2

Copyright © Reading Manipulatives, Inc. World Landmarks 2 Scrambled Sentences 3

Linguistic structure in each of the Reading Manipulatives scrambled sentences levels (1, 2, 3) increasesin difficulty. These examples of the levels show how the sentence length increases and the structuralfeatures become more advanced.

It is important for students to start with a level that is not too difficult. As students work throughthat level, they develop strategies that enable them to succeed with longer, more complex sentences.Move any student who is struggling to a lower level.

LEVEL 1 – FARMSENTENCE LENGTH – 5 TO 9 WORDS

POSSESSIVES, SINGLE ADJECTIVES

SIMPLE ADVERBIAL PHRASES ONLY

LEVEL 2 – NATURESENTENCE LENGTH – 8 TO 11 WORDS

MULTIPLE ADJECTIVES, WORDS IN SERIES

MORE COMPLEX PHRASES & VOCABULARY

LEVEL 3 – DANGEROUS CREATURESSENTENCE LENGTH – 12 TO 16 WORDS

COMPOUND, DETAILED SENTENCES

SOPHISTICATED LINGUISTICS

SCRAMBLED SENTENCE LEVELS

Taj Mahal – India WL2–1

The Taj Mahal is the mostbreathtaking of man-made wonders.

Emperor Shah Jahan ordered it builtin memory of his favorite wife.

20,000 workers labored 20 years andcompleted the Taj in 1653.

This Indian tomb is constructed ofwhite marble and precious stones.

Passages from the Islamic holy book,the Koran, adorn the outside.

Kremlin – Russia WL2–2

At the center of Moscow is a fortifiedcitadel known as the Kremlin.

The name comes from the Russianword kreml’, which means fortress.

Its stone walls enclose the grandpalace of the czars and four cathedrals.

The Communists closed it to the publicand made it a government center.

Many Russian ceremonies take placeoutside its walls in Red Square.

Leaning Tower of Pisa WL2–3

The bell tower in Pisa, Italy, isfamous because it leans.

The tower tips so far to one side thatit looks as though it will fall.

Yet the marble tower has stood forhundreds of years.

Each year it leaned a millimeter moreuntil the tilting stopped in 1975.

Why is the Leaning Tower of Pisaconsidered a wonder of the world?

United States Capitol WL2–4

To people worldwide, the UnitedStates Capitol symbolizes liberty.

A bronze statue named Freedomcrowns the great, white dome.

This stately building in Washington,D.C., was built in the 1800s.

Thirty presidents have taken the oathof office outside the east front.

The capitol is the seat of Americandemocracy and government.

Sphinx – Egypt WL2–5

The pyramids at Giza are guarded bythe Sphinx, a sun god.

The face of an Egyptian pharaoh sitsatop the body of a lion.

Sphinx’s sightless eyes have staredacross the desert for 4,500 years.

The 66-foot-high head and body arecarved from solid limestone.

In 1926, feet made from huge blocksof stone were uncovered.

Great Wall – China WL2–6

The Great Wall of China was built 22centuries ago to keep out invaders.

It zigzags across mountains andvalleys for more than 1500 miles.

Built entirely by hand, the wall tookhundreds of years to complete.

Towers where soldiers watched forenemies stand at regular intervals.

China’s Communist gov,restoredportions of the 25-ft-high wall.

Olympic Stadium WL2–7

The first known Olympics took place inthe Stadium of Olympia in 776 B.C.

Only male contestants and spectatorsparticipated in the athletic contests.

After Rome conquered Greece, thegames ceased for 1500 years.

The Olympics began again in 1896 andare held every four years.

The world’s finest athletes compete inwinter and summer games.

Forbidden City WL2–8

The crowded city of Beijing has beenChina’s capital for 1000 years.

China’s emperors lived there in apalace fortress called Forbidden City.

Only the emperor’s household couldenter the luxurious accommodations.

The Forbidden City is now a publicarea of gardens and museums.

A huge square outside bustles withmany of Beijing’s million bicycles.

Westminster Abbey WL2–9

Near London’s House of Parliamentstands Westminster Abbey.

This national church of England isshaped like a Latin cross.

For nearly 1000 years, most Englishrulers have been crowned there.

Burial in Westminster Abbey is one ofEngland’s greatest honors.

World War II air raids caused damage,but it was restored in the 1950s.

Mt. Kilimanjaro WL2–10

Tanzania’s Mount Kilimanjaro is aslumbering volcano with two peaks.

It rises 19,340 feet, so the equatorialsun never melts all the ice and snow.

Kibo peak is Africa’s highest point, butwarming is melting its glaciers.

African farmers grow coffee on thelower slopes of the volcano.

One-fifth of Africa’s 10 million largemammals roam on nearby grasslands.

Eiffel Tower WL2–11

The Eiffel Tower is an impressivewrought-iron skeleton in Paris, France.

Gustave Eiffel designed the 984-foottower for the Exposition of 1889.

Eiffel also engineered supportingframework for the Statue of Liberty.

The tower has restaurants, weatherinstruments, and transmitters.

Why is Eiffel Tower one of the world’smost recognized structures?

Bran Castle WL2–12

Hundreds of savage murders occurredin Romania during the 1400s.

The story of Dracula is based onvampire legends that arose then.

In Bram Stoker’s novel, Count Draculais a wicked nobleman in Transylvania.

At night, Dracula leaves Bran Castle tosuck blood from innocent victims.

The story says that to kill a vampire,drive a stake through its heart.

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