Upload
clemence-floyd
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
World Politics in a New Era
Human Issues
Population
• Population growth and decline– Growing at an alarming rate– Population increase is markedly higher in developing
countries – In developed countries, lower fertility rates result in an
aging population– In developing countries, high fertility rates have
continued in spite of reduced death rates – The “youth bulge” in many developing states
Population
• Urbanization and megacities–An increase in urbanization accompanies
globalization• Investment opportunities increase • But, urbanization is occurring in some of the poorest regions
–Megacities, such as Mexico City and Sao Paulo, face acute difficulties in providing basic services–Future urbanization in smaller cities and towns
Population
• International response– “Replacement-level-fertility” – The International Conference on Population and
Development (1994) – The needs of women
• Availability of contraception, education, and economic opportunities
• To reduce fertility rates
Population
• The abortion debate– An estimated 46 million abortions are performed
each year – Approximately 68,000 deaths due to unsafe
conditions– Family planning is viewed as vital to women’s
health– The most controversial element of family planning
is abortion• U.S. withholding funds from UNFPA
Migration
• Economic migrants– Imbalance between population and economic
resources– Searching for a higher standard of living– Developed states need migrants to do many low paying
jobs– Skilled labor (engineers, scientists) also migrate to
developed countries – “Brain drain”
Migration
• Refugees– Fleeing because of war or repression – Can be internally displaced or flee to another state– By the end of 2006, there were more than 9.9
million refugees • Nearly 90% living in developing states• Usually a neighboring state
– Hundreds of thousands of people also become economic refugees
Migration
• Consequences of migration–Negative reactions from host countries
• Nativism - discrimination against immigrants• economic recession and high unemployment in host country
–Tightened immigration controls• In the United States, political pressure to restrict immigration
is cyclical• Example: tightened rules in the wake of September 11
Migration
• International solutions– The UN and other international organizations• An international convention aimed at protecting the
human rights of migrant workers
– The UNHCR administrates a number of programs to protect, resettle, or repatriate political refugees
– Long-term migrants continue to pose major problems for host countries and the international community
Health and Disease
• The global health picture–Poverty, malnutrition, and poor sanitation –Developing countries bear the greatest brunt –AIDS is one of the most serious global health issues
• Africa has been hit hardest by the disease• The fastest growth of the epidemic is occurring in Eastern
Europe
Health and Disease
• Responses to Global Health Problems– Immunization and programs aimed at eradication–Securing international cooperation is difficult at
best–The World Health Organization (WHO)–The WHO’s Expanded Program on Immunization
(EPI) has achieved great success in broadening its immunization coverage
Health and Disease• Responses to Global Health Problems
–Some diseases have been more resistant to eradication efforts• Malaria• AIDS
–The WHO attempts to deal with the challenge of health related outbreaks • WHO Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and
Response• Domestic health issues quickly become international concerns • Example: the 2002-2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS)