WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I1914 - 19181914 - 1918

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

MILITARISMMILITARISM – creation of large powerful – creation of large powerful militaries and stockpiling weaponsmilitaries and stockpiling weapons

ALLIANCE SYSTEMALLIANCE SYSTEM – nations pledge to – nations pledge to protect and support each otherprotect and support each other

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM – when a stronger nation – when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, power, respect)power, respect)

NATIONALISMNATIONALISM – pride or love for one’s – pride or love for one’s nation nation

Assassination of Assassination of Archduke Franz Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Ferdinand and his wife Sophiewife Sophie

The Spark of World War I

The Assassin- The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip - 1914

Member of the Black Hand (secret society)

Lived in Serbia and hated that Austria-Hungary was trying to take over

THE ASSASSINATION OFTHE ASSASSINATION OFTHE ARCHDUKETHE ARCHDUKE

Shot Rings Throughout Europe

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia…

Little do they know Allies are waiting in the wings

Propaganda like this was recruiting allied soldiers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77b6LKP7jW0&feature=related

(All Quiet on the Western Front) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tv5gB

a9DQs&feature=related

(actual footage)

No smiling and relaxed faces…

No clean uniforms…

Their equipment is scattered everywhere…

Boredom and sleep are obvious…

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.

These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

No Man’s Land

•The area between trenches of opposing armies

•Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers

British tank, German machine gun, British tank, German machine gun, & Australian anti-aircraft gun& Australian anti-aircraft gun

AircraftAircraft

Poisonous GasPoisonous Gas

This war was also the first to use This war was also the first to use chlorine chlorine and and mustard gasmustard gas. The German army was the first to . The German army was the first to use chlorine in 1915.use chlorine in 1915.

French soldiers had not come across this before French soldiers had not come across this before and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and pineapple – and they only realized they were pineapple – and they only realized they were being gassed when they started to have chest being gassed when they started to have chest pains and a burning sensation in their throats!pains and a burning sensation in their throats!

Death is painful – you suffocate!Death is painful – you suffocate!

British soldier wearing gas maskBritish soldier wearing gas mask

The effects of mustard gasThe effects of mustard gas

German U-BoatsGerman U-Boats

U-BoatsU-Boats

The U-boat campaign can be broken The U-boat campaign can be broken into two distinct phases. The first was into two distinct phases. The first was aimed at allied surface warships; The aimed at allied surface warships; The second, and ultimately more second, and ultimately more successful, was targeted towards allied successful, was targeted towards allied shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to enforce an embargo.enforce an embargo.

Ruins of FranceRuins of France

Ruined church at MontfaiconRuined church at Montfaicon

Stone bridge blown up by BelgiansStone bridge blown up by Belgians

Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Death, Recovery of Bodies, & BurialBurial

Results of World War IResults of World War I

• Political CostPolitical Cost

• Human CostHuman Cost

• Economic CostEconomic Cost

• Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

• Making PeaceMaking Peace

Human Cost

8.5 million died in battle 2xs that wounded 6-13 million civilians dead Over 20 million die of flu worldwide

Economic Costs

Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt

Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts

So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all

TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion

Political Costs

Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and Ottoman Empire

Radicals try to rule and communism spreads Colonial troops returned home with cynical

views of Europeans Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible African and Asian colonies found hope for

independence from European control

Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations

Allies met @ Paris without Central Powers and Russia

Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests

Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace

Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security

Treaty of Versailles June 1919 Signed by “big 3” and Germany New countries formed like Austria, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries)

Creation of the League of Nations (No USA) Punished Germany:

Pay others $ = reparations Take all blame for the war Limit military Give back land taken No more colonies