World War I

Conflict Outside of Europe

Ottomans Losing Power

• After the death of Suleyman I in 1566 the empire began to weaken for the next 300 years– Corruption– Fell behind in modern technology

Geopolitics

• Europeans saw a weakened Ottoman Empire and started to make moves toward taking territory vital for access to sea trade

Crimean War

• Russia wanted a warm-water port

• Black Sea was controlled by Ottomans

• 1853 War breaks out

• British and French helped Ottomans to keep Russia in check

Results of Crimean War

• Russia lost, but showed how weak the Ottomans were

• Russia aided Balkan states in rebellion against Ottomans– Rise of Nationalism in Balkans

• Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkans and Africa

WWI Total War

• Countries devoted their resources to the war effort

• Governments told the people what to produce

• Facilities were converted to making weapons and supplies

• Unemployment was nearly gone

WWI Gallipoli Campaign Plan

• Allies plan to defeat the Ottomans and create a supply line to Russia

• Needed to gain access to Black Sea

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

Gallipoli Campaign

• Allies suffered large losses and evacuated

• Armenians pledged support for the Allies because of mass slaughter and genocide by the Ottomans years earlier

Armenian Massacre

• Who were the Armenians a problem for?–Young Turks

• How did they deal with their problem?–Deportation, mass killings

(extermination)

Armenian Massacre

• What did the Armenian Christians ask for from the Ottoman Empire?– Civil Rights

– Equal rights as a Christian living under a Muslim theocracy

Armenian Massacre

• What is the term used for the solution to the Turkish problem?– Genocide

Results of WWI

• Central Powers lost the war and the Ottoman Empire fell

• Treaty of Versailles forced Ottoman Empire to lose all territories except Turkey

Ottoman Empire Falls

Africa and Asia

• Allies attacked German colonies and possessions overseas

• Japan overran German outposts in China

• British and French recruited subjects around the globe to fight/ help– India and North Africa