World War IWorld War I

Course of the Course of the WarWar

StalemateStalemate

Neither side could gain an Neither side could gain an advantageadvantage

Three main fronts Three main fronts Western: mainly in FranceWestern: mainly in France Eastern: RussiaEastern: Russia Ottoman: TurkeyOttoman: Turkey

Western FrontWestern Front

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare 500 miles of 500 miles of

trenches from trenches from the North Sea to the North Sea to the Swiss borderthe Swiss border

Western FrontWestern Front

War of War of attritionattrition

Millions killed Millions killed or woundedor wounded

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Eastern FrontEastern Front

Russia never recovered from the Russia never recovered from the defeat at Tannenbergdefeat at Tannenberg

Russia’s only asset was its huge Russia’s only asset was its huge populationpopulation

It helped the allies by tying up It helped the allies by tying up hundreds of thousands of German hundreds of thousands of German troops in the easttroops in the east

Ottoman FrontOttoman Front

Gallipoli (1915)Gallipoli (1915)

Allies tried to conquer Turkey in Allies tried to conquer Turkey in order to get supplies to Russiaorder to get supplies to Russia

The battle ended in stalemate The battle ended in stalemate and the Allies had to withdraw and the Allies had to withdraw after a yearafter a year

U.S. Enters the WarU.S. Enters the War

Four ReasonsFour Reasons Sinking of the Sinking of the LusitaniaLusitania

Unrestricted submarine warfare; Unrestricted submarine warfare; Germany attacked all ships in the Germany attacked all ships in the North AtlanticNorth Atlantic

Zimmermann NoteZimmermann Note

Cultural Ties to BritainCultural Ties to Britain

Russia WithdrawsRussia Withdraws

Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas II abdicates the abdicates the throne in March, throne in March, 19171917

Provisional Provisional government government continues the war; continues the war; 5.5 million Russian 5.5 million Russian casualtiescasualties

Russia WithdrawsRussia Withdraws Russian Revolution in November, 1917Russian Revolution in November, 1917

Treaty of Brest Litovsk ends the war in Treaty of Brest Litovsk ends the war in the east between Russia and Germanythe east between Russia and Germany