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Section 1World War I
Section 1World War I
Content Statement/Learning Goal
Explain how militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism
were causes of WWI. M.A.I.N.
Explain how advances in technology, communication and
transportation improved lives but also had negative
consequences.
Explain how and why oppression and discrimination resulted in
the Armenian Genocide during WWI.
Main Idea
Europe in 1914 was on the brink of war. After an assassination, the
nations of Europe were drawn one by one into what would be called the
Great War, or World War I.
The Great War Begins
Section 1World War I vocabulary
• Franz Ferdinand
• Neutral
• Central Powers
• Allied Powers
• Western Front
Section 1World War I vocabulary
• Franz Ferdinand: Heir to the throne of Austria-
Hungary whose assassination by a Serb nationalist
started WWI.
• Neutral: in a war, not aiding either side.
• Central Powers: the alliance between Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during
WWI. (Triple Alliance)
• Allied Powers: the alliance formed between Britain,
France, and Russia during WWI. (Triple Entente)
• Western Front: during WWI, the deadlocked region in
northern France where German and Allied armies
faced off.
Section 1World War I 1. Europe on the Brink of War
Rising tensions in Europe, 1914
• Tensions result of four factors
– Militarism
– Alliances
– Imperialism
– Nationalism
Section 1World War I CHART ON
PAGE 382
OF TEXT
BOOK
*Know
general
reasons
each factor
caused war.
Covered in
questions
# 3-6
Section 1World War I
• Nations formed partnerships to
protect against opposing forces
• Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire.
• Triple Entente- Great Britain France,
Russia, Serbia
• Belief no nation would attack
another
• Checks and balances
Alliances
• 1880-1915- Massive military buildup
in Europe
• Wanted to protect overseas
colonies from other nations
• Large Military = Wars
• Minor disagreements had potential
to turn to armed conflict
• Especially Germany.
Militarism
1. Europe on the Brink of War
Section 1World War I
• Strong devotion to one’s
national group or culture
• Led to revolts and struggles for
power
• Russia protecting Slavic
people.
• Most visible in Balkan
Peninsula, southeastern
Europe
• Home to many ethnic groups
trying to break free from
Ottoman Empire
• Hyper-patriotism
Nationalism
• Nations wanted to build
empires
• Created rivalries
• Germany, France, Russia,
Great Britain vied to become
great imperial nations
• Each did not want others to
gain power
Imperialism
1. Europe on the Brink of War
Section 1World War I2. Spark that starts WWI/Nationalism
• -Bosnian city of Sarajevo
• -Austria had just taken over six years earlier and Bosnians
bitterly opposed Austrian rule.
• -Serbian leaders hoped to unite ethnic Serbs in Bosnia, but
now Austria-Hungary stood in the way.
• *Nationalism
• -visit fell on St. Vitus Day: holiday celebrating Serbian unity.
June 28,1914
• -Black Hand: Serbian terrorist group that plotted to kill Franz
Ferdinand. Supported by Serbia. Wanted a “Greater Serbia”.
• -Gavrilo Princip assassinated Ferdinand and wife Sophie.
Happened by chance page 381. Assassination attempt
earlier in the day failed
• -SPARKS WORLD WAR I
Section 1World War IWhat happens to Gavrilo Princip?
• -Gavrilo Princip assassinated Ferdinand and wife
Sophie. Happened by chance page 381.
• Self describes Yugoslav nationalist. Was born a
Bosnian Serb.
• Imprisoned by Austria-Hungary, but was 27 days short
of 20 year old limit for death penalty.
• Attempts suicide twice. Once with cyanide, which he
vomits up, and another by pistol, which gets wrestled
away from him.
• He dies from tuberculosis almost four years after
assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War I
In the midst of the tensions with Serbia, archduke Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary decided to visit the Bosnian city of Sarajevo.
• Serbian Gavrilo Princip
assassinated archduke & wife
• Austria-Hungary declared war
on Serbia
• Russia prepared to support
Serbia
• Austria-Hungary ally Germany
saw Russia as threat
• Germany declared war on
Russia and France
The Impact
• Germany faced war on two
fronts: Russia to east, France
to west
• Decided to strike France
quickly then move to Russia
• Began with quick strike into
neutral Belgium
• Attack on neutral country led
Great Britain to declare war
on Germany
Fighting Begins
2. War Breaks Out
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War I 3. Militarism
• 1880-1915- Massive military buildup in Europe
• Wanted to protect overseas colonies from other
nations RESULT OF IMPERIALISM
• Large Military = Wars
• Minor disagreements had potential to turn to
armed conflict
• Across Europe, the size of armed forces and
navies had risen sharply, particularly in
Germany
Section 1World War I
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Section 1World War I 4.Alliances
• Nations formed partnerships to protect against
opposing forces
• Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Italy
later joins Allies), Ottoman Empire
• Triple Entente- Great Britain, France, Russia,
Serbia(protected by Russia) Not main member.
• Not only nations involved. 40 different countries
involved in WWI.
• Leaders hoped that these alliances would keep the
peace; served as form of checks and balances.
• Belief no nation would attack another. Checks and
balances.
Section 1World War I 4.War Breaks Out
Main players in World War I in place
• Central Powers
– Germany
– Austria-Hungary
– Ottoman Empire
• Allied Powers
– Great Britain
– France
– Russia
– Serbia
– Italy (originally a part of Triple Alliance)
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War IAllies Green/ Central Powers Orange
Section 1World War I 5.Imperialism
• Nations wanted to build empires
• Created rivalries
• Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain vied to
become great imperial nationsleads to
militarism
• Each did not want others to gain power
• Nations felt they could not stand idly by while
others gained power. NATIONALISM-OR
HYPER-PATIRIOTISM. Act in own self-interest
with regard for nobody else.
Section 1World War I6.Nationalism on Balkan Peninsula
• -formation of new countries including Germany and
Italy (10-1+10-2)
• -home to many ethnic groups, trying to break away
from Ottoman Empire, which was on the brink of
collapse.
• -Some of the strongest nationalist tensions in the
Balkans were in Serbia.
• -Serbia was an independent nation, however, many
Serbs in other nations wanted to expand Serbia’s
borders and create “Greater Serbia”
• -Austria-Hungary opposed Serbian expansion. They
took control of this area about six year ago.
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War I7.What did Austria-Hungary do to Serbia? How was Russia
involved?
• -Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, visits
Bosnian city of Sarajevo. June 28, 1914 he is
assassinated along with his wife by Serbian
nationalist.
• -Austria-Hungary used assassination as an excuse to
punish Serbia, after it is found a Serb committed
murders.
• -Austria-Hungary made a series of humiliating
demands on Serbia and declares war on Serbia on
July 28, 1914.
• -Russia saw itself as the defender of Slavic people
(Serbs in Serbia and throughout Europe).
Section 1World War I Areas of Slavic Language
Section 1World War I Slavic Language
Section 1World War I7.Why did Germany declare war on Russia?
• -As Russia prepared to fulfill this promise,
Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declared war
on Russia and Russia’s ally France.
• -England eventually declares war on Germany
and Austria-Hungary as a result of their
commitment to France and due to the attack on
neutral Belgium.
• -Europe’s alliances turned the actions of a
single assassin into a major conflict.
Section 1World War I
Section 1World War IGermany’s plan
• Germany wanted to quickly defeat France, move east to fight Russia known
as Schlieffen Plan 2 front war
• Took Russia time to get army there from east.
• Thought would be short conflict. Kaiser Wilhelm, “We will be home before the
leaves fall.”
• Germany moves through neutral Belgium which prompts Britain to enter the
war
• Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany doomed its plan
• The Great War became bloody stalemate.
Russia enters fighting
• Russia attacked German territory from the east.
• Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg
• Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders
Early battles
• Battle of the Frontiers pitted German troops against both French and British
• Both sides suffered heavy losses
• Germany victorious
8.Fighting in 1914
Section 1World War I 9. Trench Warfare begins
Trench warfare begins
• Allied troops drove Germans back, Battle of the Marne,
September 1914
• Retreating Germans dug series of trenches along Aisne
River
– Waited in trenches for Allied attack
– Trenches elaborately constructed, cleverly concealed
• Allies dug trenches of their own
– Major battles for months with little change in positions
– Deadlocked region became known as Western Front
Section 1World War I
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Click the icon to play
Listen to History
audio.
Click the icon below
to connect to the
Interactive Maps.