World War I Unit Reading

The Age of Imperialism had left the world in fierce competition for supremacy. Countries throughout

Europe were full of nationalistic pride and belief that they were superior to their adversaries. This would

eventually lead to the “War to end all wars.” World War one would be the first total war and would

eventually bring the United States into the conflict to make the world “Safe for democracy.” –Woodrow

Wilson

The MAIN Causes of World War I

Militarism

Imperialism

Alliances

Nationalism

WORLD WAR I BEGINS (History.com)

Tensions had been brewing throughout

Europe–especially in the troubled Balkan region

of southeast Europe–for years before World

War I actually broke out. A number of alliances

involving European powers, the Ottoman

Empire, Russia and other parties had existed for

years, but political instability in the Balkans

(particularly Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina)

threatened to destroy these agreements.

The spark that ignited World War I was struck in

Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz

Ferdinand—heir to the Austro-Hungarian

Empire—was shot to death along with his wife

Sophie by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip

on June 28, 1914. Princip and other nationalists

were struggling to end Austro-Hungarian rule

over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand set off a rapidly escalating chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like

many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use

the incident as justification for settling the question of Serbian nationalism once and for all.

But because Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary waited to declare war until its leaders received

assurance from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany would support their cause. Austro-

Hungarian leaders feared that a Russian intervention would involve Russia’s ally, France, and possibly

Great Britain as well.

On July 5, Kaiser Wilhelm secretly pledged his support, giving Austria-Hungary a so-called carte blanche

or “blank check” assurance of Germany’s backing in the case of war. The Dual Monarchy of Austria-

Hungary then sent an ultimatum to Serbia, with such harsh terms as to make it almost impossible to

accept.

Convinced that Austria-Hungary was readying for war, the Serbian government ordered the Serbian

army to mobilize, and appealed to Russia for assistance. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on

Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe’s great powers quickly collapsed. Within a week, Russia,

Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World

War I had begun.

The United States & Neutrality

“Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems?”

Public sentiment (belief) was that America should avoid getting involved in Europe’s war. Many

Americans saw the war as having no importance or impact on American interest. President Woodrow

Wilson was in agreement with this idea of neutrality. In spite of this position, the United States

government was more supportive of the Allies due to America’s historical ties and connections to the

United Kingdom (British). As a result, American businesses would also have investments in the Allied

efforts in the war.

Most Americans appreciated Wilson’s efforts to

keep the United States neutral. In fact, in 1916,

President Wilson won reelection to a second

term by using the campaign slogan “He Kept Us

Out of War.” This isolationist policy was very

popular with the American public who wanted

to stay out of European affairs and maintain

American sovereignty. American pacifism

(wanting peace not war) was at a high point.

Wilson became convinced that both the Allied

Powers and Central Powers wanted to

dominate the world. He called for “peace

without victory.” He wanted the powers to

resolve their differences without one side

winning or dominating the other. By promoting

an agreement that did not favor one side,

Wilson hoped to use his neutral position to

bring the war to an end. Unfortunately, the

desire to not be involved in foreign affairs will

lead the US to not approve the Treaty of

Versailles after World War I.

US World War I Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHn1Egt6Xdg

America Enters the War

Factors Leading to US Entry into World War I

1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

2. Sinking of the Lusitania

3. Zimmerman Telegram

In America, the public supported an isolationist policy to keep America neutral. However, US businesses

saw the war as a profitable business venture. Due to this, American products were being shipped across

the Atlantic Ocean the France and Britain. In response to this support, Germany began practicing

unrestricted submarine warfare. Their response was to limit the amount of goods into British ports for

the war. The Germans believed that by doing this, they would suppress the British war effort which

would lead to a German victory.

Sinking of the Lusitania (History.com)

On May 7, 1915, less than a year after World War I (1914-18) erupted across Europe, a German U-boat

torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool,

England. Of the more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board, more than 1,100 perished,

including more than 120 Americans. Nearly two years would pass before the United States formally

entered World War I, but the sinking of the Lusitania played a significant role in turning public opinion

against Germany, both in the United States and abroad.

Zimmerman Telegram (ourdocuments.gov)

In January of 1917, British cryptographers

deciphered a telegram from German Foreign

Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German

Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt, offering

United States territory to Mexico in return for

joining the German cause. To protect their

intelligence from detection and to capitalize on

growing anti-German sentiment in the United

States, the British waited to present the

telegram to President Wilson. Meanwhile,

frustration over the effective British naval

blockade caused Germany to break its pledge to

limit submarine warfare. In response, the

United States severed diplomatic relations with

Germany in February.

On February 24 Britain released the

Zimmerman telegram to Wilson, and news of

the telegram was published widely in the

American press on March 1. The telegram had

such an impact on American opinion that,

according to David Kahn, author of The

Codebreakers, "No other single cryptanalysis

has had such enormous consequences." It is his

opinion that "never before or since has so much

turned upon the solution of a secret message."

On April 6, 1917, the United States Congress

formally declared war on Germany and its allies.

The Zimmerman telegram clearly had helped

draw the United States into the war and thus

changed the course of history.

Zimmerman Telegram (Primary Source)

(Decoded message text of the Zimmermann Telegram)

FROM 2nd from London # 5747.

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite

of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make

Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together,

generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost

territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the

President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is

certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate

adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's

attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of

compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN.

The United States at War

As the United States entered World War I, the federal government made a series of decisions which

impacted American society. These decisions would impact all aspects of American society and would

have massive impacts.

Selective Service Act (1917)

In the wake of declaring war, the United States

needed troops to fight in World War I.

Consequently, Congress passed the Selective

Service Act which instituted the military draft.

At the time of declaring war, the US military

was comprised of only 100,000 soldiers which

was nowhere near what was needed to

engaged in the global conflict. The act required

all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and

30 to register for military service. Within a few

months, some 10 million men across the

country had registered in response to the

military draft. By the end of World War I in

November 1918, some 24 million men had

registered under the Selective Service Act. Of

the almost 4.8 million Americans who

eventually served in the war, some 2.8 million

had been drafted.

The US Economy

When the United States is involved in a major war, the government places strict controls and regulations

on the economy. This precedent dates back throughout American History. The Federal Government took

control and regulated the economy in an effort to best utilize all resources at the disposal of the United

States. Responses of Congress include:

Created the War Industries BoardRegulated wartime industries.

Lever Food and Fuel Control Act Set rationing of food and fuel began to ensure the troops in

Europe had the necessary supplies to win the war. Controlled the production levels and prices of

goods.

War Revenue Act Raised income tax rates on citizens and increased taxes on businesses.

War Bonds “Liberty Bonds” Americans would buy bonds from the government. This would

give the government more money in the present to fight the war. In return, the US would pay

the bond back after the war with interest. For Americans, they saw this as an investment which

would financially help them.

1914 Clayton Act It exempted labor unions from prohibitions of the Sherman Antitrust Act. It

declared picketing by unions legal, and it barred courts from ordering strikers back to work.

National War Labor Board Brought together representatives to resolve disputes. Supported

labor goals such as increased pay and the eight-hour workday.

Limiting of Civil Rights & Liberties

World War I led to legislation and decisions which were controversial in the manner that they took away

rights guaranteed to citizens under the US Constitution.

Espionage Act (1917)Made it illegal to interfere with military recruiting or to encourage

disloyalty to the government or military.

Sedition Act (1918)Made it illegal to publicly oppose the U.S. government or military.

Espionage and Sedition Acts of World War I (Discovery Education)

The Espionage Act of 1917 was followed by the Sedition Act in 1918. Both were very controversial when

they were first enacted and have remained so.

Under the Espionage Act, any person found passing information that would hinder the nation’s military

or could help an enemy would face a 20-year prison sentence. The Sedition Act added many more

actions that would earn the same prison sentence. These included insulting the government, the flag, or

the Constitution. Also contained in this act was anything that might be interpreted as agitation, or the

teaching or distribution of materials that speak out against the government. Under this legislation,

pacifists and antiwar activists could face jail. Both laws would often be invoked during the Red Scare

that followed World War II.

Many saw the Espionage and Sedition Acts as an attack upon free speech. The Supreme Court upheld

the Espionage Act in three cases in 1919. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote that forms of expression

that present a “clear and present danger” are not protected by the Constitution. This standard has been

debated ever since.

Schenck v. United States(1919) (PBS)

In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court invented the famous "clear and present danger"

test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit an individual's free speech rights under the

First Amendment. In reviewing the conviction of a man charged with distributing provocative flyers to

draftees of World War I, the Court asserted that, in certain contexts, words can create a "clear and

present danger" that Congress may constitutionally prohibit. While the ruling has since been

overturned, Schenck is still significant for creating the context-based balancing tests used in reviewing

freedom of speech challenges.

The case involved a prominent socialist, Charles

Schenck, who attempted to distribute

thousands of flyers to American servicemen

recently drafted to fight in World War I.

Schenck's flyers asserted that the draft

amounted to "involuntary servitude" proscribed

by the Constitution's Thirteenth Amendment

(outlawing slavery) and that the war itself was

motivated by capitalist greed, and urged

draftees to petition for repeal of the draft.

Schenck was charged by the U.S. government

with violating the recently enacted Espionage

Act. The government alleged that Schenck

violated the act by conspiring "to cause

insubordination ... in the military and naval

forces of the United States." Schenck responded

that the Espionage Act violated the First

Amendment of the Constitution, which forbids

Congress from making any law abridging the

freedom of speech. He was found guilty on all

charges. The U.S. Supreme Court reviewed

Schenck's conviction on appeal.

The Supreme Court, in a pioneering opinion written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, upheld Schenck's

conviction and ruled that the Espionage Act did not violate the First Amendment. The Court maintained

that Schenck had fully intended to undermine the draft because his flyers were designed to have

precisely that effect. The Court then argued that "the character of every act depends upon the

circumstances in which it is done." While in peacetime such flyers could be construed as harmless

speech, in times of war they could be construed as acts of national insubordination. The Court famously

analogized to a man who cries "Fire!" in a crowded theater. In a quiet park or home, such a cry would be

protected by the First Amendment, but "the most stringent protection of free speech would not protect

a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."

In sum, free speech rights afforded by the First Amendment, while generous, are not limitless, and

context determines the limits. "The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such

circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about

the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent." Against this test, the Court upheld the

Espionage Act and affirmed Schenck's conviction, finding that his speech had created a clear and present

danger of insubordination in wartime.

The decision, in addition to sending Charles Schenck to jail for six months, resulted in a pragmatic

"balancing test" allowing the Supreme Court to assess free speech challenges against the state's

interests on a case-by-case basis. (Justice Holmes, the test's creator, however, would attempt to refine

the standard less than a year later, when he famously reversed himself and dissented in a similar free

speech case, Abrams v. United States.) However, the "clear and present danger" test would only last for

50 years. In 1969, the Court in Brandenburg v. Ohio replaced it with the "imminent lawless action" test,

one that protects a broader range of speech. This test states that the government may only limit speech

that incites unlawful action sooner than the police can arrive to prevent that action. As of 2006, the

"imminent lawless action" test is still used.

New Wartime Workers (Discovery Education)

Millions of men left the civilian workforce to join the military and fight in the war. Factory owners

became increasingly desperate for the workers they needed to manufacture needed war and civilian

goods. To meet this shortage, factory owners turned to new sources of labor. For example, some factory

owners began hiring more African Americans, who moved to the North in great numbers in hopes of

finding work in factories. In 1910, for example, just 183 African Americans worked in U.S. auto plants.

Ten years later, in 1920, there were 8,000 African American auto workers in only the city of Detroit.

Mexicans migrated across the border to take jobs on California farms or in more distant urban northern

factories.

African Americans in World War I Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxNyssePBaU

Harlem Hellfighters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEuoAl1elLU

Women also made new inroads in the

workforce. More and more women took jobs

making goods in factories, running railroad cars,

or raising crops. Women enlisted in the Navy,

Coast Guard, and Marine Corps, where they

served in support roles such as secretaries and

ambulance drivers, and for the first time,

women served as Army and Navy nurses

overseas.

Women In World War I (National Women’s History Museum)

After the United States entered the war in 1917, women supported the war effort in numerous ways. In

addition to continuing their pre-war reform work, women reformers in the club movement, the

settlement house movement, and the suffrage movement sold war bonds and conserved food. Women

sent relief supplies to suffering Europeans. Some women’s groups sent delegations to Europe to provide

relief for American soldiers.

The government established an advisory committee, the Women’s Committee of the Council of National

Defense, headed by suffragist Dr. Anna Shaw, to coordinate women’s war efforts. Despite valiant

efforts, the Women’s Committee was only able to achieve limited coordination.

During the war, women also entered the workforce in new ways. Women served in the navy and

marines, and thousands served as nurses. On the home front, women worked in factories and in the

government.

World War I led to several important advances for women. Women’s war work increased support for

woman suffrage and contributed to the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. In addition, during the

war, the Department of Labor created the Women in Industry Service. After the war, the Women in

Industry Service became the Women’s Bureau, headed by Mary van Kleeck.

World War I Technology

World War I saw advancements in technology due to the Industrial Revolution. These new tools of war

made World War I the deadliest war ever at that time. These new weapons of war combined with

trench warfare would cost millions of lives.

World War I Tech Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7v3cq1ZJjM

Life In A Trench Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G4ZY66BG38

New War Tech

Poison Gas

Machine Guns

Tanks

Airplanes

Artillery

Grenades

The 1918 Influenza (Archives.gov)

World War I claimed an estimated 16 million lives. The influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918

killed an estimated 50 million people. One fifth of the world's population was attacked by this deadly

virus. Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history.

The plague emerged in two phases. In late

spring of 1918, the first phase, known as the

"three-day fever," appeared without warning.

Few deaths were reported. Victims recovered

after a few days. When the disease surfaced

again that fall, it was far more severe. Scientists,

doctors, and health officials could not identify

this disease which was striking so fast and so

viciously, eluding treatment and defying

control. Some victims died within hours of their

first symptoms. Others succumbed after a few

days; their lungs filled with fluid and they

suffocated to death.

The plague did not discriminate. It was rampant in urban and rural areas, from the densely populated

East coast to the remotest parts of Alaska. Young adults, usually unaffected by these types of infectious

diseases, were among the hardest hit groups along with the elderly and young children. The flu afflicted

over 25 percent of the U.S. population. In one year, the average life expectancy in the United States

dropped by 12 years.

The Lost Generation (Khan Academy)

The Lost Generation refers to the generation of writers, artists, musicians, and intellectuals that came of

age during the First World War and the “Roaring Twenties.” The unprecedented carnage and

destruction of the war stripped this generation of their illusions about democracy, peace, and

prosperity, and many expressed doubt and cynicism in their artistic endeavors.

Some of the most famous Lost Generation

writers were F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein,

T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos,

and John Steinbeck. Many of these writers lived

as expatriates in Paris, which played host to a

flourishing artistic and cultural scene. The

themes of moral degeneracy, corruption, and

decadence were prominent in many of their

works. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great

Gatsby is a classic of the genre.

The Great Migration

African Americans began migrating out of the South starting in the 1910’s in search of economic

opportunities (Jobs).

Push & Pull Factors

Push Factors

Economic Opportunity

Political Freedom

Food Drought

Religious Freedom

Pull Factors

Security

Freedom

New Opportunity

As soldiers went off to war, there were vacancies that needed to be filled in the factories to stimulate

war time production. World War I helps serve as the catalyst for the Great Migration. The Great

Migration is the massive exodus of African Americans from the South to cities all across America. Due to

the War and limiting of immigration, industrial jobs that used to be closed to African Americans became

accessible because of the labor shortage.

Author

Ernest

Hemingway

Impact on African Americans

In spite of the move out of the Jim Crow South, African Americans in urban areas in the North and West

still encountered segregation and other forms of racial discrimination. In the South, the number of

lynching (violent acts of murder by mobs) had increased and the Ku Klux Klan was beginning to remerge.

Raised Expectations

African Americans expectations were changing because of their involvement in World War I. They

believed that they had earned their freedom from fighting. In some cases, white workers looked to push

back.

The Red Summer of Hate (PBS)

The Red Summer refers to the summer and fall of 1919, in which race riots exploded in a number of

cities in both the North and South. The three most violent episodes occurred in Chicago, Washington,

D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas. On the afternoon of July 27, 1919, a stone-throwing melee between blacks

and whites began after a black youth mistakenly swam into territory claimed by whites off the 29th

Street beach in Chicago. Amidst the mayhem, Eugene Williams, a black youth, drowned. When a white

police officer refused to arrest the white men involved in the death, and instead arrested a black man,

racial tensions escalated. Fighting broke out between gangs and mobs of both races. Violence escalated

with each incident, and for 13 days Chicago was in a state of turmoil. By the time the riot ended, 23

blacks and 15 whites were dead, 537 injured, and 1,000 black families were left homeless. The Chicago

riot was part of a national racial frenzy of clashes, massacres, and lynchings throughout the North and

the South. All of the incidents were initiated by whites. In Washington, D.C., from July 19 to 23, four

whites and two blacks were killed; whites were astonished that blacks dared to fight back. The NEW

YORK TIMES lamented the new black militancy: "There had been no trouble with the Negro before the

war when most admitted the superiority of the white race." A "Southern black woman," as she

identified herself, wrote a letter to THE CRISIS, praising blacks for fighting back. "The Washington riot

gave me a thrill that comes once in a life time ... at last our men had stood up like men. ... I stood up

alone in my room ... and exclaimed aloud, 'Oh I thank God, thank God.' The pent up horror, grief and

humiliation of a life time -- half a century -- was being stripped from me."

From October 1-3, a race war exploded in Phillips County, Arkansas. On the night of September 30, a

small group of black men and women were gathering a rural church to organize a sharecroppers' and

tenant farmers' union -- the Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America. When two white

law-enforcement officers arrived at the church, one later claiming they were looking for a bootlegger,

shots were exchanged. One white officer was killed and the other wounded. As word of the shootings

spread throughout the county, the local sheriff sent out a call for men "to hunt Mr. Nigger in his lair."

The call went out to Mississippi to come to the aid of white men in Phillips County. Hundreds of armed

men jumped into trains, trucks, and cars and, crossing into Arkansas, fired out of windows at every black

they saw. Some said that if it was black and moving, it was target practice. Frank Moore, one of the

farmers at the church, saw the massacre as it unfolded: "The whites sent word that they was comin

down here and kill every nigger they found. There were 300 or 400 more white men with guns, shooting

and killing women and children." Soldiers from the United States Army eventually restored order,

although some claimed the military participated in the killings. By the time the shooting ended, 25

blacks and five whites were listed as officially dead. Many blacks believed that perhaps as many as 200

were killed, their bodies dumped in the Mississippi River or left to rot in the canebrake. The white

establishment charged that blacks had formed a secret conspiracy to rise up and overthrow the white

planters, take their land and rape their women. No evidence was ever produced to substantiate the

charge.

-- Richard Wormser

Facts about the Red Summer

Many found opportunities in the North but also racism.

Racial tensions were especially severe after World War I

This tension created a wave of racial violence in the summer of 1919.

Occurred in over 30 different cities across the country.

The End of World War I

The end of World War I is important because of Congress’ decision to not sign the Treaty because of the

League of Nations. This decision would influence the rise of fascism and dictators in Europe in the

1930’s. When the War ended, the Allies each had their own opinions and agendas for post war Europe.

European powers wanted to punish Germany for the war while Wilson wanted “peace without victory.”

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points (Our Documents)

In his January 8, 1918, speech on War Aims and Peace Terms, President Wilson set down 14 points as a

blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I. The details of

the speech were based on reports generated by “The Inquiry,” a group of about 150 political and social

scientists organized by Wilson’s adviser and long-time friend, Col. Edward M House. Their job was to

study Allied and American policy in virtually every region of the globe and analyze economic, social, and

political facts likely to come up in discussions during the peace conference. The team began its work in

secret and in the end produced and collected nearly 2,000 separate reports and documents plus at least

1,200 maps.

In the speech, Wilson directly addressed what

he perceived as the causes for the world war by

calling for the abolition of secret treaties, a

reduction in armaments, an adjustment in

colonial claims in the interests of both native

peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas.

Wilson also made proposals that would ensure

world peace in the future. For example, he

proposed the removal of economic barriers

between nations, the promise of “self-

determination” for those oppressed minorities,

and a world organization that would provide a

system of collective security for all nations.

Wilson’s 14 Points were designed to undermine

the Central Powers’ will to continue and to

inspire the Allies to victory. The 14 Points were

broadcast throughout the world and were

showered from rockets and shells behind the

enemy’s lines.

When the Allies met in Versailles to formulate the treaty to end World War I with Germany and Austria-

Hungary, most of Wilson’s 14 Points were scuttled by the leaders of England and France. To his dismay,

Wilson discovered that England, France, and Italy were mostly interested in regaining what they had lost

and gaining more by punishing Germany. Germany quickly found out that Wilson’s blueprint for world

peace would not apply to them. However, Wilson’s capstone point calling for a world organization that

would provide some system of collective security was incorporated into the Treaty of Versailles. This

organization would later be known as the League of Nations. Though Wilson launched a tireless

missionary campaign to overcome opposition in the U.S. Senate to the adoption of the treaty and

membership in the League, the treaty was never adopted by the Senate, and the United States never

joined the League of Nations. Wilson would later suggest that without American participation in the

League, there would be another world war within a generation.The Fourteen Points supported free

trade, freedom of the seas, the end of foreign colonies, and national borders that respected different

groups of people.

Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles is the treaty which ended World War I. The Treaty created the League of

Nations, punished Germany militarily and financially for the war. The League of Nations was designed to

keep peace and for countries to work out agreements to avoid another global conflict.

The Treaty & American Sovereignty

Woodrow Wilson had worked with European

leaders to create and find a peace agreement.

However, there was trouble for Wilson in the

United States with the treaty. A president can

work out an agreement with another country;

however, the United States cannot enter an

agreement with another country without the

approval of the US Senate. The Democratic

President Wilson faced great opposition by the

Republican controlled Senate. The Republicans

did not support the treaty because Congress

believed that joining the League would limit US

sovereignty. They believed that US would be

forced to get involved with European affairs

similar to that of World War I. Senate Majority

Leader Henry Cabot Lodge wanted many

changes to the treaty and Wilson did not want

the League of Nations left out. Wilson traveled

the country trying to gain support. During his

trip, he suffered a stroke. Congress never

approved the Treaty of Versailles and the

League of Nations would fail.

The US & Soviet Union (USSR) Relations

In 1917, the Bolsheviks (Later Communist) along with other groups revolt against the Czar of Russia and

overthrow the government. The Bolsheviks will come into power at the end of the revolution. There

were strained relations between the Soviet Union and the United States because the United States

supported an opponent of the Bolsheviks during the revolution. This would lead to tension between the

countries for much of the 20th century.

Conclusion

World War I would be a pivotal turning point in American History. Events involving or related to World

War I will set the foundation for the Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, & World War II. The world

was changing and the United States would be at the center of it.