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World War I
World War I: Essential Questions
What caused WWI to begin?
Who were the combatants?
Why did the U.S. remain neutral for so long?
Why did the U.S. ultimately join the war on the side of the Allies?
How were the Civil Liberties of Americans restricted during the war?
Why did America return to a foreign policy of isolationism after the war?
America’s Entry into World War I
Why did the U.S. get involved in these 3 wars?
War of 1812 War with Mexico Spanish-American War
Things to Know about WW I The 5 main causes.
The major combatants, at the beginning and the end.
What brought America into the war.
The technology of the war.
The use of propaganda during the war.
The restrictions placed on civil liberties during the war.
World War IOutcome: Causes for World War I
Underlying Causes
1.What Causes Most Warsa. Extreme Nationalism (“Super
Patriotism” or love for one’s country)b. Imperialism: Spreading the political or
economic control of one country over another
c. Militarism: using force or the threat of force against another nation
d. Entangled system of alliances (secret)e. Assassination
Causes of WWI – MANIA!
Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Militarism
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
AlliancesTriple Alliance Triple Entente
Underlying Causes
2. Rival Alliances Created a “False Sense of Security”
a. Triple Ententei. Great Britain: King George Vii. France: Premier Clemenceauiii. Russia: Czar Nicholas II
b. Triple Alliancei. Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm IIii. Austria-Hungary: Franz Josephiii. Italy: Emanuel III
Nationalism & Imperialism Nationalism is a feeling of intense pride in one’s
homeland. Nationalists emphasized their homeland’s culture and interests above other countries and they were willing to go to war to expand their nation at the expense of others.
Self-determination is another basic idea of nationalism. Self-determination is the idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government.
Imperialism: Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution
Causes of World War I
3.What Caused World War Ia. Unrest in the Balkans
i. Bosnians felt abused under the rule of Austria-Hungary
ii. Goal: To create a “Greater Serbia” (unite Slavic people)
iii.This movement was strongly supported by “Mother Russia”
European Conquest of
Africa
The“Spark”
Causes of World War Ib. June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria’s heir to
the throne) was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb Nationalist while on a good will trip to Sarajevo, Bosnia. This spark would ignite the war.
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was killed in Bosnia by a
Serbian nationalist group called the Black
Hand who believed that
Bosnia should belong to Serbia.
Archduke shot by Gavrillo Princip
Domino Effect
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
Domino Effect
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
Causes of World War I
c. Alliance Unfolded:i. Austria declared war on Serbiaii. Russia supported Serbia (mother country
w/ethnic ties)iii.Germany sided w/Austria & declared war on
Russiaiv.France was obligated to help Russia &
Great Britain to help Francev. By August 5, 1914, Europe was engulfed in
war!
Allied PowersCentral Powers
World War IWorld War I
Causes of World War I
4.The Fighting Sides a. Triple Alliance becomes “The Central
Powers” (The Bad Guys)i. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
Bulgariaii.Italy gave up its defensive agreement
w/Germany & joined other side
Causes of World War I
b.Triple Entente becomes “The Allied Powers” or “Allies” (The Good Guys)i. Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy,ii.U.S. would join in April of 1917
Eventually over 50 nations were involved in “The Great War”
Causes of World War I
d. Germany’s “Schlieffen Plan” to avoid a 2 front war failed
i. Front: zone of conflict between armies
ii. Western Front would mostly be in France
iii.Area between armies was known as “no man’s land”
iv.Fighting two fronts puts a giant strain on resources and man power
Why was WWI a Stalemate?
What’s a stalemate? Neither side can make a move to win.
Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before?
Trench Warfare = “solution”. Millions die without gaining ground.
Trench Warfare
No Man’s Land
What new weapons were used in WWI?
Tank Poison gas Airplane Submarine Machine gun Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!
America and World War IReasons for American Neutrality
Reasons America Enters the War on the side of the Allies
