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World War II, 1920 - 1945:
The Lost Generation, 1918 - 1929
AP European History
Androstic
2012-2013
Introduction● World War One will have dramatic
consequences that few understand● Europe was unable to cope with the challenges
of the 1920's, and will search for new ways to govern.
● Topics– Lost Generation– Spread of Democracy– Weimar Republic– Pacifism– The Great Depression
The Lost Generation
“Lost”
● A sense of despair prevailed throughout Europe and America– What was gained by the war?
– What had peace brought?
– Disillusionment with old ideas and concepts
– Cynical about the casualties of the war
● New Artistic styles
– Writers such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Erich Maria Remarque
– Jazz!– Dadaism, Surrealism, and Cubism
The Spread of Democracy
Political Changes
● Universal suffrage granted for both men and women
● Increased government regulation of the economy– 8 hour work day– Labor unions grow
powerfulGerman election poster from 1919: Equal rights - equal duties!
1. What were the major problems of the new states that emerged after World War One?
2. How successful were these new states at modernizing?
Eastern European Problems
The Weimar Republic
1. Describe the revolution of 1918.
Weimar Republic: 1924 - 1933
Weimar Republic
2. Describe the threats to the Weimar Republic arose from the
left and the right.
Stabbed in the Back Theory
Disgruntled German WWI veterans
The German Government, 1919 - 1920
The Spartacist League
Treaty of Rapallo, 1922
● No states would trade with either Germany or the USSR
● Provisions– Opened trade
between the two states
– Germany would train its military there
3. How did the great inflation of 1923 affect Germany?
The German Mark
French Occupy the Ruhr Valley, 1923
23
Ruhr Valley
Beer Hall Putsch, 1923
Hitler in Prison
Dawes Plan
Political Representation in the Weimar
Republic, 1920 - 1933
Pacifism
Search for Security
● The European states were horrified by the brutality of WWI and they did not want to repeat it
● They signed a series of treaties they thought would prevent future problems
Washington Naval Conference, 1921 - 1922
Maginot Line
4. Describe the Treaty of Locarno.
Locarno Pact, 1925
● Germany ended its objections to its loss of territory
● All states agreed to cooperate
Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928
● 65 States agree to renounce war as national policy
● Problem! How to enforce?
1. What was the significance of the Japanese political invasion
of Manchuria?
The Great Depression
1. Explain the major weaknesses in the prosperity of
the 1920s.
2. What brought on the stock market crash of October 1929?
Describe the events that followed the financial crisis.
Stock Market Crash of 1929
The Great Depression, 1929 - 1941
3. Explain the impact of the Depression of the world
economy.
4. How did unemployment affect people’s political
developments?
Unemployment Number and Percentage, 1930 - 1938
5. Describe the economic measures taken by
governments during the depression.
Reaction to Crisis
Many people blamed old European ideas for causing the crash and the problems of Europe. They looked for new ways of
government and economics
FASCISM
AND
COMMUNISM
Summary
● After World War One, Europe was “Lost”● The Weimar Republic struggled to keep
Germany stable● Diplomatically, Pacifism dominated● Following the NY Stock Market crash, Europe
went into a deep Depression– Worse than the USA– Germany was hit the hardest