Upload
caitlin-lynch
View
331
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Axis vs. Allies (pre-war)• AXIS POWERS (1937)
▫ Italy▫ Germany▫ Japan
• ALLIED POWERS▫ GB (1939)▫ France (1939)▫ USSR (1941)
Failure of League of Nations•League of Nations used policy of
APPEASEMENT▫What is appeasement?▫Giving in in hopes that the aggressor will stop
•Examples:▫Allowing Japan’s invasion of China to go
unpunished▫Allowing Italy’s colonization of Ethiopia to go
unpunished… and…
Japanese Expansionism
In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials; breaking Treaty of Versailles and treaty with the US
The same year, Japan began to attack China, with full-scale war breaking out in 1937 in the Sino-Japanese War.
Munich Conference• Hitler wants Sudetenland
but takes all of Czechoslovakia.
• He was given permission to take Sudetenland through the Munich Agreement orchestrated by GB Prime Minister Chamberlain…known as the APPEASEMENT POLICY
Stalin not invited…not trusted by westerners…he was annoyed
Appeasement• Who is sitting in a circle?
• Who seems to be left out?
• How do you think the one left out feels?
Hitler wants Poland• Hitler wants to unite all
German people displaced by Treaty of Versailles▫ Therefore wants to take
the Polish Corridor
• GB and France pledge to defend Poland…so Hitler seeks an ally…Stalin
Non-Aggression Pact• Hitler seeks friendly
agreement with Stalin1. Not to fight one another2. Split Poland
• Stalin agrees…due to USSR slighted by the Munich Conference
Germany Invades Poland-Sept 1939• Germans use BLITZKRIEG
▫ “Lightening Attack”1. Air Raids2. Tank Invasions3. Ground Troops
▫ Initial targets are: Military bases Industrial sites;
factories Communication centers
Influenced by Napoleon’s strategies of bomb first…
Hitler Invades France• Through BELGIUM…sound
familiar
• Pushes through the Maginot Line with not problem…it was a trench system
• French pushed to the Atlantic coast … many saved by British naval aid; Battle of Dunkirk, but not enough
• France eventually falls to Germany
Battle of Britain-July 1940-Jan 1941
• Hitler needs to take GB to win the war
• GOAL: air raids to eventual amphibious invasion
• Air raids never weaken GB enough…Hitler’s plan ruined▫ Ultra▫ Radar
• Winston Churchill states, “Never was so much owed by so many to so few”
Hitler Invades Soviet Union• Hitler breaks Non-
aggression Pact in June, 1941 and invades USSR
• Invades and controls Balkan States and most of Eastern Europe before invading USSR
• Hitler wants USSR to create more living space or “lebensraum” for his Aryan race…and wanted to eradicate more Jews
US and Japan• President Roosevelt’s embargo
on Japan put tremendous stress on the Japanese war machine
• Japan decides to seek revenge on US…thus the bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Early Sunday, Dec 7, 1941 Japanese successfully attack the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• US declares war on Japan and its Axis Allies ▫ “…a date which will live in
infamy”
Allies vs. Axis Powers-Dec 1941
•Great Britain•Soviet Union•United States•France
•Germany•Italy•Japan
Axis Lose in North Africa• The German tank
commander Erwin Rommel, “Desert Fox” meets his match in El Alamein in North Africa.
• Allies win North Africa gaining control of important oil supplies
• Allies also have easier access into Italy
Battle of Stalingrad – August 1942• Germans losing in USSR
and try to take industrial city of Stalingrad
• Germans lured into city and then surrounded by Soviet army…Germans forced to surrender due to lack of supplies and the RUSSIAN WINTER
• Soviet begin to push the Germans out of USSR
Italy Falls to Allies• Mussolini slowing losing
control of Italy▫ People question his role
in WWII▫ Economy weakening▫ People losing faith in
fascist ruler• Allies invade through
Sicily, Mussolini flees to the hills, and people quickly surrender to Allies-Sept 1943 & join Allies
• Mussolini will be later be executed by his own people
D-Day –June 6, 1944• Operation Overlord• GOAL: Liberate France
▫ August 25, 1944• US, GB, Canadian troops• Landed on the beaches of
Normandy, France-fooled Germans…expected them to land in Calais.
• Included:▫ 3000 landing crafts▫ 2500 other ships▫ 500 naval vessels▫ 13,000 air craft
• 2500 Allies lost• 20,000 Germans lost by
August
Germany Falls• With the Allies moving in
on Germany from East and West…Germany in another 2 front war.
• Russia invades Berlin in April 20, 1945
Hitler commits suicide April 30
Germany surrenders May 7, 1945
V-E Day!!
Pacific Theater• Kicked off by bombing of
Pearl Harbor
• By end of 1942▫ Japan conquered 1+
million sq miles of Pacific▫ controlled 150+ million
people
Battle of Midway – June 1942• Turning point in Pacific• US destroys most of
Japanese Fleet• Japanese begin to retreat
Island Hopping• US begins strategy called
“island hopping”▫ take Japanese controlled
islands one at a time pushing them toward Japan
• US pushed Japanese back to Japan but they would not surrender…
Hiroshima-August 6, 1945• After a warning to
…“surrender or face prompt and utter destruction” the Japanese do not heed the warning.
• United States drops “little boy” on the city of Hiroshima
Nagasaki- August 9, 1945• After Hiroshima, Japan
still did not surrender…
• So US dropped “fat man” on the city of Nagasaki
V-J Day- September 2, 1945• Japan finally surrenders to
the United States August 15, 1845
• Signs treaty September 2, 1945
• World War II – officially over