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World War II1939-1945
On Sept. 1, 1939 German troops invade Poland
World War II begins…
WWII Alliances What were the major alliances?
• AXIS POWERS1) Germany2) Italy3) Japan
• ALLIED POWERS1)Britain2)France
Tripartite Pact
Russia enters when Hitler violates Non-Aggression
Pact (1941)!United States declares neutrality until 1941
Nazi Europe ~ 1942
Why contributed to Nazi success?• Blitzkrieg
– Lightning War– air and ground warfare (coordinated
w/great speed!)
Battle of Britain: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin...”
“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.” - Winston Churchill, June ‘40
http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/war/blitz.htm
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=88C8A852-9FAF-4807-A6BE-31C0F0AEDA56&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/war/blitz.htm
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=88C8A852-9FAF-4807-A6BE-31C0F0AEDA56&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Lend-Lease ActMarch, 1941
"Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a
length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and
connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I
don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire
is over. "
The Great Arsenal of
Democracy
The London Blitz - 1940
•______________ dropped from Sept – May
(35,000 tons)• 11 consecutive weeks (London)
•37,000 die; 87,000 injured
How was life affected?
____________________Shelters
At a London railway station, arriving troops pass by children who are being
evacuated to the countryside.
Firefighters at work in a bomb damaged street after a Sat. night raid in 1941.
Blackouts/Destruction (2 million houses)
The British need something…
_______________!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
World War II - Turning Points:
1. Operation Barbarossa (6/’41)
2. Pearl Harbor (12/7/’41)
3. D-Day(6/’44)
Europe 1942?
A Nazi Setback: The Invasion of Russia (6/1941):Non-aggression pact?
1. Operation Barbarossa (largest military operation in history!)
a. 1 MILLION Soviets die in defense of city
Why were they defeated?
a. Germans underestimated Russian (Communist) strength, size, climate
b. German confidence in victory did not prepare supply lines for the winter
i. Tanks lack anti-freeze; couldn’t move!
ii. Scorched-Earth policy; similar to Napoleon; German troops retreat “Death to the German Occupiers”
F.D.R. (12.8.41)
• U.S. signs Declaration of War against Japan • Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S.
Pearl Harbor (12.7.41)
WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
Effects of the A-Bomb:
• Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945)70,000 die immediately100,000’s die from radiation 48,000 buildings destroyed
• NagasakiAug 9, 194540,000 die immediately60,000 injured100,000’s die from radiation
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
V-J Day – Times Square
Aug 14, ’45 – Japanese surrender
The Butterfly
The last, the very last,So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow.Perhaps if the sun’s tears would sing against a white stone....
Such, such a yellowIs carried lightly ’way up high.It went away I’m sure because it wished to kiss the world good-bye.
For seven weeks I’ve lived in here,Penned up inside this ghetto.But I have found what I love here.The dandelions call to meAnd the white chestnut branches in the court.Only I never saw another butterfly.
That butterfly was the last one.Butterflies don’t live in here, in the ghetto.
What was the significance of D-Day? June 6, 1944
http://www.army.mil/d-day/index.html
1. Allied troops fight the Nazis on the beaches of Normandy,
France
2. Forces Germany to
fight war on 2-fronts
3. Allies advance East
APRIL 28, 1945
• Mussolini & mistress shot/hung
• Put on public display (Milan)
APRIL 30, 1945
• Hitler commits suicide
• May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders
“V-E Day” May 8, 1945
Londoners Celebrate!
U.S. Marines on Mount Surbachi, Iwo JimaFeb 1945
1. Atlantic Charter
(Aug,’41)
2. Declaration by the United
Nations (Jan, ’42)
Joint proclamations by US and Britain
Global II Announcements:1. World War II Exam – Thurs.2. Night of Remembrance – Wed., 4/18
a. MASSIVE EXTRA CREDIT3. Scrapbook Page – Fri., 4/20
The Aftermath of WarWhat do we do now?
What issues need to be dealt with?
1. Future Peace2. Dealing with the “losers”
3. Dealing with the Holocaust 4. New Issues
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind…
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest…
Article 13: Everyone has the right to leave any country, including
his own, and to return to his country.
Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought/religion
Article 20: Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly
Article 21: Everyone has the right to take part in the government
of his country…— United Nations, December 10, 1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
1. Future Peace
1. Future Peace
What is the main
idea of the cartoon?
What do we do with Germany?
EAST GERMANY (SOVIET
CONTROL)
WEST GERMANY
(British, French, U.S.
control)
Russian Buffer Zone?
2. LOSERS
Post WWII ~ Economic Recoveries
U.S. Financial Support
JAPAN(Democratic Parliament)
WestGermany
2. LOSERS
In Nazi Germany, what percentage of the people were Perpetrators,
Bystanders, & Rescuers? (take a guess)
Bystanders – 85%
Perpetrators – 9%
Rescuers - 4%*Approxima
te Values
"First They Came for the Jews"
By Pastor NiemollerFirst they came for the Jews and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for the Communists and I did not speak out because I was not a Communist.
Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist.
Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me.
The Holocaust: Liberation What issues must surviving victims face?• Displaced persons
• Broken families
• Health
• Trauma
• Reconciliation
• Justice
Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
Nov., ‘45
3. Holocaust
Increase in Nationalism
(why?)
INDIA AFRICA
Spread of Communism
4. New IssuesA)
B)
4. New IssuesN
ucle
ar
Pro
lifer
atio
n