World War II World War II BeginsBeginsSection 2Section 2

Japan Sparks War in AsiaJapan Sparks War in Asia

1937 – Japan starts all out war with 1937 – Japan starts all out war with ChinaChina Bombed major citiesBombed major cities Thousands killedThousands killed Nanjing – 300,000 civilians and POWS were Nanjing – 300,000 civilians and POWS were

murderedmurdered Japan took control of Northern and Central Japan took control of Northern and Central

ChinaChina U.S. continued to hold to their IsolationismU.S. continued to hold to their Isolationism

Germany Brings War to Germany Brings War to EuropeEurope

1938 – Hitler annexed Austria1938 – Hitler annexed Austria 1938 – claimed Sudetenland – western part of 1938 – claimed Sudetenland – western part of

CzechkoslovakiaCzechkoslovakia Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

Hitler promised Britian and France he would not Hitler promised Britian and France he would not take any more landtake any more land

Appeasement – practice of giving in to aggression to Appeasement – practice of giving in to aggression to avoid waravoid war

1939 – Germany seized the rest of Czechkoslovakia1939 – Germany seized the rest of Czechkoslovakia

Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland

August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet PactAugust 1939 – Nazi-Soviet Pact Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each

otherother September 1939 – blitzkrieg – lightning September 1939 – blitzkrieg – lightning

warwar German army invaded PolandGerman army invaded Poland Polish army was overwhelmedPolish army was overwhelmed Stalin invaded eastern Poland, Finland, Stalin invaded eastern Poland, Finland,

Latvia, Lithuania, and EstoniaLatvia, Lithuania, and Estonia

A Second World WarA Second World War

September 1939September 1939 Britian and France Britian and France

declare war on declare war on GermanyGermany

AxisAxis GermanyGermany ItalyItaly JapanJapan 6 others, including 6 others, including

RomaniaRomania

AlliesAllies BritainBritain FranceFrance Soviet UnionSoviet Union United StatesUnited States ChinaChina 45 other countries, 45 other countries,

including Canadaincluding Canada

Fall of FranceFall of France

Spring 1940 – Germany invaded Denmark, Spring 1940 – Germany invaded Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and FranceNorway, Holland, Belgium, and France Italy joined the attack on FranceItaly joined the attack on France British sent troops to help French, but were forced British sent troops to help French, but were forced

to retreat – Miracle at Dunkirkto retreat – Miracle at Dunkirk In nine days, 331,226 soldiers — 192,226 British and In nine days, 331,226 soldiers — 192,226 British and

139,000 French — were rescued by a hastily assembled 139,000 French — were rescued by a hastily assembled fleet of 860 boats fleet of 860 boats

June 22, 1940 – France surrenderedJune 22, 1940 – France surrendered

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

Britain was left as the only country in Europe Britain was left as the only country in Europe opposing the Axis powersopposing the Axis powers Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of Great Britain

“We will never surrender”“We will never surrender” Hitler hoped to invade BritainHitler hoped to invade Britain

Fighters and bombers attacked for several months, Fighters and bombers attacked for several months, destroying cities and towns throughout Londondestroying cities and towns throughout London

British RAF shot down 2,000 Luftwaffe planes, British RAF shot down 2,000 Luftwaffe planes, convincing Hitler to give up his plan for an invasionconvincing Hitler to give up his plan for an invasion

Many American pilots went to England to fly with the Many American pilots went to England to fly with the RAF against the GermansRAF against the Germans

United States Moves United States Moves Towards WarTowards War

Aid to the AlliesAid to the Allies ““Cash and carry plan” – U.S. would sell supplies to Cash and carry plan” – U.S. would sell supplies to

Allies, but they had to come get themAllies, but they had to come get them U.S. gave British 50 old destroyers to assist in U.S. gave British 50 old destroyers to assist in

protecting against U-boat attacksprotecting against U-boat attacks

Prepared for WarPrepared for War Increased spending for the militaryIncreased spending for the military Established a military draft – first ever during Established a military draft – first ever during

peacetimepeacetime

Cont.Cont.

A Third Term for FDRA Third Term for FDR Both FDR and his opponent promised to keep U.S. Both FDR and his opponent promised to keep U.S.

out of warout of war Many people were against FDR running for third Many people were against FDR running for third

term, but won easilyterm, but won easily Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act

1941 – allowed sales and loans of war material to 1941 – allowed sales and loans of war material to “any country whose defense the President deems “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.”vital to the defense of the United States.”

Sent tanks, planes, guns, and ammunition to BritainSent tanks, planes, guns, and ammunition to Britain Extended to Soviet Union when they were attacked Extended to Soviet Union when they were attacked

by Germanyby Germany

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter

Roosevelt and Churchill established war Roosevelt and Churchill established war goalsgoals

Agreed to seek no new territoryAgreed to seek no new territory Pledged to support “the right of all Pledged to support “the right of all

peoples to choose the form of peoples to choose the form of government under which they live”government under which they live”

Also called for a new “League of Nations”Also called for a new “League of Nations”