Upload
alize-greenwood
View
219
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
World War II
Goal 10
Nazis ( nat-zees)
Nazi Rise to Power
What do you know about the Treaty of Versailles?
Young radical named Adolf Hitler joins National Socialist Party (Nazi); tries revolution in early 1920s
– Arrested and jailed– Writes book called Mein Kampf; blames Jews &
Communists
Nazi Party gains more power after Great Depression hits the world in 1929-30
Natzees Continued
Hitler & Nazis gain control of German government LEGALLY in 1933– Set up “Third Reich” (fascism - nationalistic,
racist, dictatorship)– Nazis begin “educating” youth of Germany– Start eliminating political competition– Start persecuting Jews
Nuremburg laws Anti-Semitic Laws
Natzees take over…
Italy has fascist government under Benito Mussolini; begins to ally with Hitler
Japan gains power; invades Manchuria in 1931 & invades China in 1937
Hitler begins to break Treaty of Versailles– Begins troop buildup & military buildup– Sends troops into Rhineland in 1936 (French &
GB do nothing)
Continued…
Hitler takes control of Austria in 1938 Hitler threatens to take Sudetenland (NW
Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference (1938)
– British use policy of appeasement; agree to give Sudetenland in exchange for no further aggression
– Neville Chamberlin (British Prime Minister) “We’ve achieved peace in our time.”
Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia in Spring 1939
War!!!
Who vs. Who this time?
Axis Powers– Germany– Japan – Italy
Allies– England– France (before defeat)– U.S.– USSR– China
FDR, Churchill, Stalin
Hitler, Mussolini, Hirohito
America: Pre-War Years, 1939-1941
Cash & Carry– Sept. 1939: allowed warring nations to buy US arms; must
pay cash & transport own goods
Tripartite Pact– Establishes the Axis Powers– Sept. 1940: Germany, Italy, Japan sign
Lend/Lease Act– 1941: British out of cash; US lends/leases goods– US also provides aide to Soviet Union
Pre War Continued
German U-Boats– U-boats attack US ships (1941)– Roosevelt orders Navy to fight back IF attacked
Japan attacks US– US cut off trade to Japan (including oil) to
persuade them to stop expansion in Pacific– Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941– US declares war on Japan; Italy & Germany
declare war on US
War at Home
5 Million Americans volunteered for military service
– 10 Million more drafted via Selective Service
US industry converts to complete war-time production
– War Production Board (WPB) regulates industries for war-time production
– Women join workforce (Rosie the Riveter)
Government sets up Office of Price Administration (OPA)
– Price freezes set up to regulate economy
– US citizens begin rationing materials; most for military use
– Propaganda used to convince citizens to help
Anti-Japanese
US discriminates against Japanese-Americans– Internment camps set up for Japanese-Americans
on West Coast– 110,000+ relocated from homes to concentration
camps– Most are native born– Korematsu v. United States, 1944 – Supreme
Court rules in favor of US gov’t
Fighting
Pacific– Japan continues expansion in Pacific while US is weak
(after Pearl Harbor)– Japan takes Philippines from US in early 1942
General Douglas McArthur vows “I shall return” Troops suffer Bataan Death March
Atlantic/Europe– US suffers many early attacks by German U-Boats– Stalin urges US & British to invade Europe in 1942– Instead US & British attack North Africa (Nov. 42)
Allies defeat Germans in N.Africa by May 1943– Attack next moves into Italian Peninsula in 1943
***Major Battles-Europe***
Stalingrad – Aug.1942-Feb.1943; Turning Point of WWII– Germans lose ¼ of their fighting force; bloodiest battle in history (1.5
million casualties)– Germans fight defensively in the East for the rest of the war
Normandy/D-Day – June 6, 1944; Massive allied invasion into France– Largest land/sea/air invasion in world history; leads to allied advances in
France– Known as Operation Overlord
Battle of the Bulge – Last German effort to stop Allied advance from West (Ardennes)– Dec.1944-Jan.1945; Failed effort left German forces in the West weak– US advances into Germany relatively unharmed
Major Battles-Pacific
Midway ***– June 4-7, 1942; Turning point of the war in the Pacific– Weakens Japanese navy; they fight defensively for rest of the war
Guadalcanal – Aug.1942-Feb.1943; First major land offensive against Japan– Leads to “Island Hopping”
Leyte Gulf– October 1944; Largest naval battle in modern history– Japanese begin using kamikaze pilots
Iwo Jima*** – Feb-Mar.1945; 22,000 Japanese killed (216 capture)– Fierce fighting; Japanese wouldn’t surrender
Okinawa – Mar-June 1945; last stop before mainland of Japan– Japanese continue to fight to the end (200,000 military & civilian casualties)– US plan invasion of Japan
D-Day: June 6, 1944
End of the War
FDR dies April 12, 1945, Truman takes over. Europe
– Soviets lay siege to Berlin in April 1945– Hitler and many top Nazi leaders commit suicide– Germans finally surrender on May 8, 1945
Pacific– Japanese refuse to surrender– Manhattan Project - US develops atomic bomb Dr. Robert
Oppenhiemer– US decided to use bombs on Japan, hoping to force surrender– Aug.6, 1945 US drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima
Up to 145,000 killed– Aug.9, 1945 US drops “Fat Man” on Nagasaki
Up to 75,000 killed– Aug.15, Japan announces decision to surrender, officially doing so on Sept.
2, 1945
After Effects
Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)– United Nations created; tensions between Allies begin over post-War
Eastern Europe (democracy or communism) Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
– Germany divided into 4 occupation zones; leads to communist East Germany and democratic West Germany; where the US gave Japan ultimatum
Nuremburg Trials– High ranking Nazi officers put on trial for war crimes– Highest ranking officer (Goering) sentenced to death; commits suicide
before being executed Japan Rebuilt
– US rebuilds Japan, establishing a constitution/democratic gov’t Cold War
– Tensions between US & USSR continue until 1990 regarding spread of communism/democracy (Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)