World War IIUnit Notes

LG 13- Causes of WWII

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 student was

able to explain and analyze how

WWII started.

Student was able to explain the

reasons why WWII started.

Student was able to identify the

reasons why WWII started.

Student was able to partially

identify the reasons why WWII

started.

Learning Goal 13: Students will be able to explain the reasons why WWII started.

- Japan’s aggressive search for resources

- Fascism, Nazism, rise of totalitarianism following WWI (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo, Hirohito)

- Treaty of Versailles

- Great Depression

- Appeasement of Hitler at Munich/Invasion of Poland

- Attack on Pearl Harbor

Scale:

Causes of WWII1. Treaty of Versailles (treaty that ended WWI)

Germany had to take a greater share of blame and punishment for WWI.

- Pay 33 Billion dollars in reparations to the winners of WWI.

- Lost territory and all of their over seas colonies

- Couldn’t have a military

- Had to accept full blame for the war

Map of Germany after WWI German money became worthless after WWI and during the Great Depression. This woman is burning money.

Causes of WWII2. Great Depression

The German economy is ruined and is in heavy debt. Germans are humiliated and very resentful about how they were treated at Versailles. This was all happening while the Great Depression was happening in Europe, and unemployment was very high and the Germany currency was all but worthless.

People in German become desperate and start to look for a way to solve their problems. This makes them very susceptible to giving up their democratic form of government, and turning towards a charismatic leader (dictator)to solve their problems.

Hitler promises to return German to greatness.

Causes of WWII

3. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments

Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922. He was

one of the leaders in the Italian Fascist party. Fascism is characterized by having a single dictator (autocracy) in control. By 1925, he became the dictator of Italy.

Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”- The Boss/ Chief

Causes of WWII

3. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments

Adolf Hitler led the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi

Party). It was a fascist type of political party that stressed extreme

nationalism (pride in one’s country), military strength, territorial

expansion, and the racial superiority of German people (Aryans). In

1932, Hitler was elected as the chancellor (prime minister or

president) of Germany. He overthrows the government and declares

himself the supreme leader.

Adolf Hitler“Fuhrer” or leader

Causes of WWII

3. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments

Stalin rose through the communist party to become its leader in 1924.

After taking leadership of the party he tighten his control of all

aspects of life in the Soviet Union. In effect, He set himself up as a

dictator in the Soviet Union. Even though he fights on the same side

as the Allies, his government is more similar to those of Germany and

Italy.

Josef Stalin

Causes of WWII

3. Rise of Dictators and Totalitarian Governments

Rome- Berlin Axis

1936, Hitler and Mussolini enter into a military alliance. In 1939, Japan will join this alliance.

Causes of WWII4. Appeasement of Hitler.

Munich Agreement

When Germany threaten to use military force to take the Sudetenland (a

part of Czechoslovakian German border).

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler in Munich,

Germany and worked out a compromise where Hitler promised to stop

Future aggression if he was given the Sudetenland. Prime Minister

Chamberlain gave in to Hitler’s threat of violence by giving him what he

wanted (appeasement).

Munich Agreement

Prime Minister Chamberlain

Called the Munich Agreement “Peace in Our Time”

Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Cause of WWI4. Appeasement of Hitler.

Munich Agreement

Causes of WWII5. Invasion of Poland and the start of WWII in Europe

On September 1,1939, Germany invaded Poland. Hitler breaks his promise made during the Munich Agreement to stop aggression. France and Great Britain declare war on Germany. Hitler and Stalin had made a secret treaty with each other to take over Poland. The Soviet Union invades the eastern half of Poland while Germany takes the western half.

Causes of WWII6. Japan needed raw materials Page 6

By the start of the 1930s Japan’s government was being run by a small group of military leaders (Oligarchy- dictatorship by a small group). The Japanese Emperor Hirohito was almost powerless. The person really making the decisions was Prime Minister, General Hideki Tojo. Japan starts to invade other countries in Asia and Pacific in search of raw materials (oil, iron ore, coal…). Japan was trying to build up its military and industrial power, and they needed these resources to do that.

Prime Minister, General Hideki Tojo

Cause of WWII 6. Japan needed raw materials Page 6

Attack Pearl Harbor, HI. Causes

Japan needed raw materials from other Asian countries. The United States decided to stop trading with Japan which angered the Japanese leadership. The United States Navy in the Pacific was the only obstacle in their way to continue taking territory in Asia and the Pacific. The Japanese leadership decided to attack the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

USS West Virginia

Causes of WWII

6. Attack on Pearl Harbor, HI.

Cause of WWII

6. Attack Pearl Harbor, HI. Effects

After the attack, President Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war on Japan. Germany and Italy then declare war on the U.S.Over half of the Pacific fleet was destroyed. America suffered more than 3,500 dead and wounded. The U.S. starts to mobilize for war.

Pearl Harbor Memorial

USS Arizona

LG 14- Home Front During WWII

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 student will be

able to explain and analyze how

Americans supported the effort

from home.

Student was able to explain how

Americans supported the war

effort from home.

Students was able to identify how

Americans supported the war

effort from home.

Students was able to partially

identify how Americans supported

the war effort from home.

Learning Goal 14: Students will be able to explain how Americans supported the war effort from home.

- Supporting the war effort (war bonds, scrap/metal drives, rationing, enlisting, President Roosevelt)

- War industry

- Women and minorities in the workforce (Rosie the Riveter, bracero project)

- Executive Order 9066 (Japanese American internment camps, Korematsu v. U.S.)

Scale:

Home Front During WWII

The war provides new opportunities for women and minorities at home.

Women took the place of men in the work force. 25% of the labor force was women. Many women became wage earners for the first time. “Rosie the Riveter” was a fictional symbol that represented working women. Over 300,000 women served in the armed forces.

Over 1 million African- Americans and tens of thousands of Native Americans and Hispanics worked in the defense industry. Minority groups served in the armed forces in segregated units.

Home Front WWII

The war provides new opportunities for women and minorities at home.

As minorities took advantage of the new opportunities given to them in the workplace, there was a backlash of racism towards African and Hispanic Americans.

1943- Race riots in Detroit

1943- Zoot Suit Riots Los Angeles

Home Front During WWII

Americans support the war effort at home

Automakers stopped making cars as a way to save metal. Many Americans at the direction of the government started to ration war materials like food, rubber, metal and oil. Americans helped to pay for the war by buying War Bonds from the government.

Home Front During WWII

Thousands of Japanese-Americans are sent to internment camps during WWII.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor anti-Japanese feeling grew and many people started to distrust Japanese-Americans living in the United States. President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 requiring all persons of Japanese ancestry to leave the Pacific coast area of the United States.

Home Front During WWIILife in the internment camps for Japanese-Americans.

Over 100,000 Japanese-Americans were forced to leave their homes and leave their possessions behind as they relocated to prison-like internment camps away from the West coast. About 2/3 of those sent to the camps were native born American citizens (Nisei). Many Japanese Americans volunteered to serve in the armed forces as a way to show their loyalty to the United States. Fred Korematsu (Korematsu v. United States) sued to the Supreme Court stating that Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional, but his claim was denied.

Fred Korematsu

LG 15- How the Allies Defeated Axis in WWII

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 student was able

to explain and analyze the major

battles and events that enabled

the Allies to defeat the Axis.

Student was able to explain the

major battles and events that

enabled the Allies to defeat the

Axis.

Student was able to identify the

major battles and events that

enabled the Allies to defeat the

Axis.

Student was able to partially

identify the major battles and

events that enabled the Allies to

defeat the Axis.

Learning Goal 15: Students will be able to explain the major battles and events that enabled the Allies to

defeat the Axis.

- European battles (Battle of Britain, El Alamein, Stalingrad, D-Day Invasion - Dwight D. Eisenhower, Battle of the Bulge - George Patton)

- Pacific battles (Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Douglas MacArthur, Ira Hayes, Navajo Code Talkers)

- Manhattan Project (Harry S. Truman)

Scale:

War in Africa and Europe Battle of Britain

After the invasion of Poland and the British Army’s defeat trying to defend France, Germany decided to use its air force to bomb Great Britain into surrender. The British people suffered months of bombing and large amounts of civilian causalities. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill rallied the British people during this time and kept their hopes up. Eventually, with the use of RADAR, the Royal Air Force (RAF) they beat back the Germany air assault.

German bomber British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

British Fighter Planes

War in Africa and Europe U.S. invades North Africa

After entering the war, President Roosevelt want the United States to invade Europe first. However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill thought the United States (Allies) were unprepared for an invasion of Europe. By taking North Africa the Allies would gain control of the Mediterranean Sea, which would make an invasion of Europe easier. Taking North Africa would also give the Allies control of the Suez Canal in Egypt. Allies (British) won a major turning point battle at El Alamein.

Suez Canal

War in Africa and Europe

The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in the war

The Russian Army stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union. The German Army got trapped in the Soviet Union during the winter and were forced to retreat.

Soviet soldiers lead German POWs past the Stalingrad

grain silo in February 1943.

Stalingrad

War in Africa and Europe

The D-Day invasion put German on the defensive

On June 6, 1944 American, British and Canadian forces invaded Europe at Normandy, France. The invasion at Normandy caught the Germans by surprise and now they would have to fight on two fronts (Russia in the East and the U.S. and British in the West).

D-Day Invasion

War in Africa and Europe Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, 1944- Jan. 25 1945.

After the D-Day Invasion, the Germans tried to counter attack the Allies at the Battle of the Bulge. American forces led by General George Patton were able to stop the counter attack. At this point Germany is all but defeated. The Allies will proceed to move into Germany, and within four months Germany will surrender.

Battle of The Bulge

General Patton

WWII Africa and Europe Germany surrenders

Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day). Russian forces advanced into Germany from the east and captured the German capital of Berlin. Just prior to this Adolf Hitler killed himself on April 30, 1945. American and British forces took control of the western half of Germany. The remain German leadership surrendered unconditionally to General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Colonel General Jodl signs the instruments of unconditional surrender in Reims on 7 May 1945

WWII PacificBattle of Midway

The U.S. Navy defeated the Japanese fleet at the Battle of Midway. This was the major turning point battle for the U.S. in the Pacific. Even though the Japanese had a larger fleet (6 carriers v. 3 carriers) the Americans had broken the Japanese radio code and caught the Japanese fleet by surprise. After Midway, the U.S. adopted an island hopping strategy to bypass heavily

defended Japanese controlled islands and slowly work their way to Japan itself.

U.S. aircraft carrier Yorktown at Midway

Navajo Code Talkers.

In the Pacific, the United States came up with a unique way to prevent the Japanese from listening in on radio communications. A system of encrypting radio messages was developed using the Navajo language. This top secret coding system was developed with the help of Navajos here in the United States. The United States Marines had Navajos serving in their units as radio operators. They would be responsible for translate and encode the messages that were being sent between military units. The system proved to be unbreakable to the Japanese, and as a result, help the United States gain the upper hand in the Pacific

WWII PacificBattles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The U.S military was able to take these two islands at a high cost, which provided air bases for the U.S. to bomb the Japanese mainland.

Flag raising on Mt. Suribachi became an iconic image of the costly U.S. victory on Iwo Jima. The photograph was used to help sell war bonds and to get men to enlist. Sergeant Michael Strank, Corporal Harlon Block, and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days. The three surviving flag-raisers were Corporals Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes, and Harold Schultz.

Arizona Connection: Ira Hayes was from the Pima nation here in Arizona.

WWII Pacific

Atomic Bomb

The Manhattan Project was the U.S.’s secret program to build an atomic bomb. J. Robert Oppenheimer was the lead scientist on the project. It took three years for the U.S. to develop a working bomb.

Fat Man- Nagasaki Little Boy- HiroshimaJ. Robert Oppenheimer

WWII PacificDecision to drop the atomic bomb

The U.S. felt an invasion of the Japanese homeland would be too costly. President Truman gave Japan a warning to surrender or face destruction. They refused. The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Again Japan refused to surrender. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. The U.S. was also concerned about the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan after the defeat of Germany. We wanted to get Japan to surrender quickly before the Soviet Union could start taking over countries in Asia and setting up Communist governments in those nations.

WWII PacificVJ Day: Victory in Japan

On August 14, 1945, Japan accepts the U.S.’s unconditional terms for

surrender. Japanese leaders formally sign the peace treaty on

September 2, on board the Battleship Missouri. Supreme Allied

Commander in the Pacific, Douglas MacArthur accepted the

Surrender for the U.S..

Douglas MacArthur

LG 16- Effects of WWII

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 student was able

to explain and analyze the effects

WWII had on the United States and

the world.

Student was able to explain the

effects WWII had on the United

States and the world.

Student was able to identify the

effects WWII had on the United

States and the world.

Student was able to partially identify

the effects WWII had on the United

States and the world.

Learning Goal 16: Students will be able to explain the effects WWII had on the United States and the world.

- Rebuilding Germany and Japan (Marshall Plan, changes to political boundaries)

- Start of the Cold War (atomic age, NATO, Warsaw Pact)

- United Nations

- Holocaust (Nuremberg Trials, creation of Israel)

Scale:

Legacy of WWII

Racism and intolerance led to the Holocaust

The origins of the Holocaust came from Hitler's hatred of Jews. He viewed them as an inferior race and blamed them for German’s problem. Prior to the Holocaust, Hitler had many laws passed in Germany denying Jews of their basic rights. As the war went on, Millions of Jews and other groups were sent to concentration camps throughout Europe where over 11 million people perished.

Theresienstadt (Terezin)

Czech Republic

The Legacy of WWII

Cost of the war in terms of human life

• 20 million soldiers died. Millions more wounded.

• Soviet Union had about 8 million military deaths, and 5 million more wounded. 7-12 million Soviet civilians died.

• China 10 million dead

• 400,000 Americans died and 600,000 were wounded.

• Million die in genocides. Holocaust 11 million, Stalin killed millions of his own citizens prior to and during WWII. Japanese military committed war crimes against POWs and Chinese civilians.

• 21 million refugees worldwide.

The Legacy of WWII Occupation and rebuilding of Germany and Japan after the war

Both countries were devastated by the war millions of civilians and soldiers were killed. Both were economically ruined The U.S. was in the best position to help other countries devastated by war.

The U.S, will occupy Japan and set up military based throughout the countryafter the war. General MacArthur is put in charge of a temporary government run by the U.S. military (1945-1952). While the military was in charge, the U.S. will start the process of rebuilding Japan’s cities and industry and create a new government by writing Japan’s Constitution- basing it off of the U.S. Constitution.

This residential section of Tokyo was virtually

destroyed.

The Legacy of WWII

Occupation and rebuilding of Germany and Japan after the war

Germany is occupied by the U.S. France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union after the war. Germany loses territory and is divided into four military districts. Ultimately, the Germany will be divided into two new countries(West and East Germany until 1989).

Soviet soldiers raising the Soviet flag over the German Reichstag in Berlin after its capture.

The Legacy of WWII

Marshall Plan

Secretary of State George C. Marshall developed a plan to help Europe recover and rebuild after the war. Over $13 billion was given to the nations of Europe. Money was especially given to nations that pledged to reject communism.

George C. Marshall

Legacy of WWIIBoundary Changes in Europe

After the war Germany loses territory, and is split into two separate nations, East Germany and West Germany. German’s capital city is divided in two, East Berlin and West Berlin. Other nations had their boundaries restored to what they had been prior to the start of the war. The Soviet Union annexes the nations of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. The new nations of Israel and Palestine are created in the Middle East

“G.I.” BillServicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the G.I. Bill, a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. During the war soldiers were called G.I.’s which stood for General Issue.

Benefits:

1) Tuition and living expenses to attend high school, college or vocational/technical school.

2) Low-cost mortgages to buy a home, low-interest loans to start a business.

3) One year of unemployment compensation.

President Roosevelt signs the G.I. Bill into law on June 22, 1944

Legacy of WWII

Start of the Cold War- Spread of Communism

Many nations after the war were economically ruin which led to social changes. As a result, many countries turned to communism to repair the damage done to their country during WWII. Communism is an economic system where the government controls all areas of the economy. There is no private ownership.

Soviet Union Flag Chinese Flag

Legacy of WWII

Start of the Cold War- After WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R.

began to distrust each other more than ever. At the Potsdam

Conference, Stalin had promised to allow free elections in Eastern

Europe. He broke his promise and set up pro- Soviet\

communist governments in those countries.

Joseph Stalin

The Legacy of WWII

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is created after WWII. U.N. nations would work together to solve their difference and keep the peace. Replaces the ineffective League of Nations.

United Nations Headquarters in New

York City

UN Flag

The Legacy of WWII

Start of the Atomic Age

After the U.S. develops the A-bomb (nuclear weapon), many other nations will work on developing this weapon as well, especially the Soviet Union. The atomic bomb ushers in a period nuclear weapons build up between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. It also leads to use of nuclear power as an energy source.

The Legacy of WWII

Nuremburg Trials

After the Potsdam Conference, the Allies decided to put members of the German government and military on trial at Nuremburg, Germany for war crimes. The defendants included some of Hitler's top officials. They were charged with crimes against humanity for the Nazi’s murder of millions of people in the Holocaust.

The Legacy of WWII

Creation of the nation of Israel

In response to the Holocaust, the UN created the state of Israel in 1948 as a homeland for Jews in Palestine. Many Arabs living in Palestine opposed the creation of Israel. Neighboring Arab countries joined the Palestinians in their opposition to Israel. This lead to a series of wars between Israel and several Arab countries in the Middle East.