World War One had just ended, people needed something new Radios were now available for the average North American, so sports were easy to follow. The work force was changing, more people had leisure time, citizens spent their time following and playing sports. nnew laws were passed limiting working hours. IIn schools, sports teams were formed. tthis increased North Americas Love for sport. Hockey became Canadas national pastime during the 1920s With the formation of the NHL and the need for entertainment hockey was the sport of choice Created after a dispute among the original 4 owners, the NHL (National Hockey League) emerged from the NHA (National Hockey Association) in 1917 By 1926 the league consisted of 10 North American teams William Foster Hewitt - Became one of the most recognizable Canadians associated with the NHL - He was responsible for conducting live play by plays of Canadian hockey games from His famous line He Shoots, he scores! Baseball became a major interest for Canadians during the 1920s By 1923 there were 24 minor leagues across Canada Baseball was a unisex sport that people of all ages and genders could participate in FUN FACT: Babe Ruth hit his first professional home run on Canadian soil on September 5, 1914 at the Hanlans Point stadium in Toronto Due to social change sports evolved to include previously unrepresented and/or under-represented minorities; Black Canadians First Nations Peoples Women Segregation was still a reality in 1920s North America Immigrant Canadians, Black Canadians and First Nations peoples were discriminated against in sporting ventures as well as everyday life Independent leagues were created to allow discriminated players the chance to participate in sport Feb. 13, the establishment of the Negro National League (NNL), the first black professional baseball league, at a YMCA in Kansas City, Mo. Andrew "Rube" Foster, considered the best African-American pitcher of the 1900s, was the driving force behind the league's organization, and served as its president. Phillip Edwards was the first Black athlete to represent Canada during the 1928 Olympic Games Although many Black Canadians went on to play in a variety of sports they remained regulated to player status Owning, operating and coaching a team was an expensive and privileged position 1921 Fritz Pollar became the first Black American to serve as head coach for the National Football League Even in sport today minority coaches, and team owners are under- represented in North American society First Nations communities created independent sports teams on reserve land Children learned sport while at Residential Schools across Canada as a means to civilize them Professional and paid athletes were uncommon and often non-existant due to racial discrimination 1953 was the first year an aboriginal player was selected for a national organization. Fred Saskamoose played NHL hockey for the Chicago Blackhawks. Previously limited to the upper class Recognition of sport in large urban centers and rural communities due to mass migration of people School enrollment increased as well as workforce Pre-war women in sport limited to universities or wealth, now accessible to all Better recognition of female roles due to their foray into society during the war Female vs. Male competitions start occurring A Victorian ideology created to explain the amount of energy present in the human body. Simply put: Each person is born with a set amount of energy that they will use up over the course of their lives. Must obtain a medical certificate stating they are in good health to compete Promoting womens health discredited the medical phase of vitologists in the late 1800s but still remained an issue into the 1900s Vitalist theories Introduced in Canadian universities requiring physical checkups periodically for women and written consent to play more than one sport Sports degrees, diploma programs and kinesiology diplomas were barred for women until 1923 Women were still regulated and needed approval from a male relative to participate In addition to ongoing medical concerns about their reproductive faculties, their pained expressions and grimaces appeared to be an o ence to both feminine beauty and role. Dr. Joseph Lamb Head of the International Olympic Committee 1924 on why women should not compete in organized public competition Mountain climbing Trans Canada races Trans Canada cycling Equestrian pursuits Still viewed as no big deal with regards to competition as they were still deemed inferior Introduction of women to non-competitive sports such as mountain climbing, long distance cycling ect. Most were athletes previously therefore knew the rules and games Utilized radio to broadcast to larger audiences of lower class and illiterate people More accepting of women giving praise instead of prejudice Taking female sport seriously Argued the image of the female athlete as able to push back the conventional limits of her world Coming from not only the community at large but within the home Heterosexual expectation from religion, femininity, family, Class distinctions as well, more acceptable for lower class and more of a burden for upper class women to participate School and the invisibility it provided was okay but not okay in the public sphere Canadian Dr. James Naismith graduate of McGill university invented basketball while teaching in the united states On December 21, 1891, Naismith posted 13 rules to the game on the school's bulletin board and nailed two peach baskets to the gym balconies, effectively creating the game we know today. One of the most prolific Basketball teams in Canadian history They won 502 of 522 games in their professional career