WORM EVENTS IN THE PROVINCE YOGYAKARTA.docx

8/10/2019 WORM EVENTS IN THE PROVINCE YOGYAKARTA.docx

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WORM EVENTS IN THE PROVINCE YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

(The study literature review and the results of studies that have been done in

Yogyakarta)

By Observer Helminthiases: Arifah Ma'rufah

Worm infection disease is a disease that is still a lot going on in the community

but received less attention (neglected diseases).Diseases included in the group of

neglected d iseasesdoes not cause outbreaks that appear suddenly or causing many

casualties, but it is a disease that slowly undermined human health, causing

permanent disability, decrease children's intelligence and ultimately can also cause

death.

One type of disease of this group is a disease caused by infection wormy

worm Soil Transmittedgroup helminths(STH), the group of worms through the soil

life cycle. Parasitic diseases which belong to the neglected diseasesthat are hidden

or si lentdisease diseases,and less monitored by health workers.

Wormy disease caused by infection with helminth s Soi l Transmitted is one

disease that is still a public health problem in Indonesia. This worm infection can lead

to declining health conditions, nutrition, intelligence and economic productivity of the

patient so much cause harm, because of the loss of carbohydrates and protein and

blood loss, which in turn can reduce the quality of human resources. The prevalence

of worm infection in Indonesia is still relatively high in 2006, amounting to 32.6%,

especially in the segment of the population who are less able than the economic side.

The weak economic group possessed a high risk of contracting diseases due to lack

of ability to worm infestation in maintaining hygiene and sanitation neighborhood.

Intestinal worm infestation which is transmitted through the soil Soil

Transmitted Helminth s (STH) is a public health problem in the world, especially in


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tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia Based on research conducted In

ten provinces in Indonesia found 30.4%prevalence of Ascaris lumbric oides, Trichuris

t r ich iura21 , 2% and Ancylostom a duodenaleand N americ anus ecato r 6.5% ..while

the prevalence in children in three provinces (Jakarta, Yogyakarta and North

Sulawesi) in Indonesia was 12.9% for Lumbricoides A scar is , Trichuris 19.8% for

t r ich iuraand 7.8% for Ancylostom a duodenaleand Necator americanus.

Most worm infections occur in the tropics that in countries with high humidity

and mainly infects communities with poor hygiene and sanitation. Intestinal worms

infect humans often transmitted through the soil is Ascar is lumbr icoides

(roundworm), Trichuris tr ichiura (whipworm), Ancylostoma d uodenale and Necator

americanus(hookworm) and Strongy loides stercoral is.

A study in Indonesia stated that family defecation (Babs) and do not have

latrines at risk children affected by 1.32 times and 1.43 times of acute diarrhea deaths

occur in children under five years of age (15) and latrine facilities at risk 17, 25 times

greater risk of diarrhea in infants and toddlers. (16) Research in Hanoi Vietnam states

that do not have a latrine 2 times the risk of infection Ascariasisworm and hookworm.

In Indonesia, people who still defecate in the open area of 5% reflects 26% of

the total population of Indonesia. Riskesdas 2010 showed the population defecate in

the open area of 36.4%, while access to basic sanitation by 55.5%.

The high prevalence of this worm disease can have an impact on public health,

especially children's nutritional status in infancy. As one example is Ascar is

lumbr icoidesworm infect ion.These worms live in the human gut cavity and take food,

especially carbohydrates and proteins. As a result, children may suffer from

malnutrition could even end up with protein-calorie deficiency (CTF). In addition,

worm infections can also cause cognitive disorders. According Samidjo

Onggowaluyo, there is a causal relationship between school-age children are infected


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with worms with the ability of cognitive function despite what factors cause cognitive

impairment directly on worm infection is unclear

As animal parasitic worms not only take the nutrients in the intestines of

children, but also damage the intestinal wall so that interfere with the absorption of

these nutrients. Children who are infected with worms usually experience: lethargy,

pallor / anemia, weight loss, listlessness, lack of concentration studied, sometimes

accompanied by coughing. Although the disease does not kill intestinal worms, but

undermined the health of the human body so that the resulting decline in nutrition

and public health conditions. In the long term, this will result in decreased quality of

resources intestinal worms manusia.Infeksi a chronic infection most common in

infants and children of primary school age. High and low frequency of worm infection

is closely related to personal hygiene and sanitation lingkungan.Cacing-worms which

infest the child with a high prevalence of this is the roundworm (Ascaris

lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuristrichiura), hookworms (Necator americanus)

Selanjunyat when considered carefully, worms that live in the human intestine

contributes greatly to the incidence of other diseases such malnutrition with

roundworm infestation who likes to eat carbohydrates and proteins in the intestine

before being absorbed by the body, and anemia (lack of concentration blood) as

hookworms suck blood in the intestine, whipworm and tapeworm like to interfere with

the growth and development of children and affect non-health problems other such

decline in learning achievement and drop out is elementary school children

A general description of the factors that contribute to intestinal worms and

worm infestation can cause occurred in DIY. This is from the 2012 health profile of

housing conditions in the province of the results of monitoring conducted by the

district / city showed that 64.65% of the new fall into the category of a healthy home.

The monitoring program itself has been able to reach some 38.89% of the expected

target. However some parameters in healthy homes in the community has been pretty


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good DIY shows including the utilization of clean water (94%) and healthy latrines

(75%).

Details of the percentage of the population will Diy mnum ases water, drinking water

quality and the use of family latrines as follows:

% Population who have access to drinking water, water quality% drinking qualify,% ofpopulation using latrines per Regency / City of the Year 2011

Based on the above table the percentage of the population that has access to drinking

water in the province has reached 90.09% (the lowest in Bantul 81%) while the

percentage of drinking water quality meets the requirements of 62.02% (the lowest in

Gunung Kidul 20%). Percentage of population using latrines still amounted to 78.78%.

Parameters trash healthy and unhealthy waste water still needs to be improved is

shown of the new achievements for trash 50.23% 65.47% healthy and healthy for

waste management.

Here one faktot worm infection that causes Healthy Lifestyle DIY Society

Health is an asset of the future and the creation of a capital of a prosperous life. To be


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able to achieve health status, disease prevention efforts should be made, of which the

first level is to perform a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBs). PHBs this pattern should

be implemented by all communities in various places / levels are in public places, at

work, at school, in health institutions, and in the household. PHBs in the household is

an effort to empower members of the household in order to know, willing and able to

implement PHBs and actively participate in the movement in public health. Based on

the evaluation, then the indicator development PHBs household order began to be

improved. Of the 10 indicators that are still using the original sound stratification I -

IV, then nationally has increased to 10 indicators of quality indicators that are

composite / composite, so the 10 indicators of household order PHBs should all be

fulfilled. Ten indicators of household PHBs are births assisted by skilled health

personnel, exclusive breastfeeding, infants were weighed, the use of clean water,

hand washing, use of latrines, the eradication of larvae, fruit and vegetable

consumption, physical activity and not smoking in the house. DIY provinces have

implemented such as evaluation indicator in order PHBs households began in 2010.

The achievements in 2011, of 341 362 households were monitored showed as much

as 31.40% of households have applied PHBs, as shown in the figure below. Of these

achievements, which contributes to low and still a public health problem in general is

no smoking in the house, which reached 46.67%, exclusively breast-fed infants of

77.70%, fruit and vegetable consumption by 83.35% and activities Physical by 87.48%.

Overview achievements rumaha Appliances berPHBS in the province as follows:


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Figure Achievement Househo ld Air-PHBs in the provin ce in 2011

IN Yogyali

Based on the above review of DIY is one of the provinces in Indonesia which

has facto factors that contribute to the onset of events wormy, following search

results literature study conducted research in DIY. Further information can be read in

the paragraphs below.

Has conducted research on the effects of intestinal helminth infections with

nutritional status of children in kindergarten-ABA Patehan Yogyakarta to support the

program is in place. The sample consisted of 47 boys and 30 girls. Determination of

nutritional status is done by measuring height and weight were matched with the

norm Chiang samples of feces examined by the method of Kato. Statistical analysis

using Spearman rank. The prevalence of intestinal worms in boys is as follows:

10.67% A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura 23.4% and 10.67% mixture. Being in girls

respectively 3.37%, 6.77%. and O%. Statistically, there was no significant difference

between the prevalence of the three figures. Measurement of nutritional status

showed 73 children including adequate nutrition, 3 with PCM 1, and one with PCM 2.

Statistically no significant correlation between ascariasis and nutritional status of

children.


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Research Latif, 2008, the students of SDN Sewon I Sub Sewon, Bantull to take the

external variables of family income and the level of damage to the house after the

earthquake in Bantul, 2006. The results showed 15% of students infected with

intestinal nematodes, including infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (10%) and

Trichuris trichiura (5%). Statistical analysis showed that there is a relationship

between the income of parents after the earthquake with the intestinal nematode

infestations in elementary school students (p = 0.018) and there was no correlation

between the degree of damage to the house, the availability of sanitation, education

level of parents and the quality of health care after the earthquake with nematode

infestations intestinal elementary students (p = 0.903; p = 0.772; p = 0.208; p = 0.184).

Research Windyasari Hendra Nur, 2007, this study berujuan to determine the

relationship between hygienic behavior with intestinal helminth infections in

elementary students Kintelan II. The sample in this study were students of elementary

Kintelan II as many as 90 children. The results of this study are two children infected

with intestinal worms and there was no correlation between intestinal worm infection

with hygienic behavior in elementary students Kintelan II Yogyakarta.

In 2007, reported by sexy Prevention of diseases and promotion campaign,

worm infection that occurs in children 6-12 years in Yogyakarta at 6.85%.

Epidemiological studies have been conducted in almost all provinces of Indonesia,

especially the school children and generally found high prevalence rates varied. The

prevalence of worm infestation can be seen in table


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Prevalence Helminthiases In Some Propisi In Indonesia Year 2007

Finally found kore Outcome analogy that the human environment contribute as a

medium of transmission, from the library to search results no results on transmission

media worm infestation.Research conducted by Cahyono, 2010, the traders of food

vendors in the square wonosari yogyakara using cabbage vegetables as fresh

vegetables, is derived as follows: There intestinal nematode egg contamination by

38.89% on vegetables cabbage (Brassica oleracea) which are used as a vegetable raw

vegetables at a food stall in the city Lesbian Gunung Wonosari Yogyakarta.Species of

intestinal nematode eggs that contaminate vegetables cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

which are used as a vegetable raw vegetables on the stalls in the city Lesbian Gunung

Wonosari Yogyakarta, include species of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (50%),

Hookworm (12.5%) and Trichuris trichiura ( 37.5%). 3). Infective forms of intestinal

nematode egg species that contaminate vegetables cabbage Brassica oleracea) which

are used as a vegetable raw vegetables at a food stall in the city Lesbian Gunung

Wonosari Yogyakarta, is a form of infective eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides species.

Another study by Sofiana, 2009, at an elementary school in Puskesmas in Yogyakarta

in October to December 2009. Of the 211 subjects, 52 (24.6%) students suffering from

intestinal worms and the vast majority were Trichusis trihiura, while Ascaris


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lumbricoides worms, while mixed infections of Trichuris trichiura and hookworm are

very rare. The highest risk (2.8-fold) occurred among students who mempuyai

dibandngkan finger nail biter with that does not have this habit [adjusted relative risk

(RRA) = 2.80;95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 4.04].Subjects who did not wash

their hands before eating or No. wash hands with soap after defecation had 2.2 times

the risk for terinfeksicacingan.

For detailed information such as worm infestation in the table below

On district Kokap worm infestation in 2008 reported prevalence of 9.8%,

(Puskesmas profile Kokap I, 2009). Another study in the area of Kulon Progo ever

done for elementary school children in the region of Kulon Progo Kokap II conducted

by Farisa, 2011. This study aims to determine the relationship between worm infection

in elementary school children with anemia. Of the 400 children were taken stool

12.75% (51 children) suffering from intestinal worms. Of the 51 children infected with

Ascaris l 13.7%, 49.1% were infected with Trichuris T, 29.4% were infected with

Ascaris and Trichuris mixture, 5.9% Trichris dah hookworm infection, and 1.9% were

infected with three types of nematode worms. The results of these studies there was

no association of anemia with the incidence of worm infection.


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Thus the simple result of a literature review and the results of that research is

very limited, but hopefully able to contribute to the occurrence of intestinal worms in

DIY

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WORM EVENTS IN THE PROVINCE YOGYAKARTA.docx