Wright Flyer CompetitionWright Flyer Competition

Commemorating 100 years of powered flight

IntroductionIntroduction

The model to be made : a 1/8 scale model of the 1903 ‘Kitty Hawk’ Flyer.

Presentation will cover the following topics– Design details and deviations from original design.– Power Plant Specifications– Control System Implementation– Cost Estimate and future work

Design DetailsDesign Details

Overall Specifications Component detailsFlight velocity estimatesEngine selection

Overall SpecificationsOverall Specifications

Wing Span 1.5 m

Wing Chord 0.29m

Wing loading 45 Nm-2

Aspect Ratio 5.2

Wing planform area 0.44 m2

Take-off weight 2 kgs

Maximum forward speed 17.0 ms-1

WingWing

Wing (contd.)Wing (contd.)

Flight velocity estimatesFlight velocity estimates

Only wing contribution to lift assumed.From dynamic similarity considerations

with actual flyer and 1/8 model : 15.57 m/sFrom vortex-lattice method for 3-D lifting

surfaces (Cl=0.62) :11.75 m/s

Stall speed (W/S = 45 Nm-2,cLmax = 0.9)

Vstall= 9.0 ms-1

Wing Warping mechanismWing Warping mechanism

CanardCanard

Propeller MountingPropeller Mounting

``

RudderRudder

Base PlateBase Plate

Take off and landingTake off and landing

• Tricycle type under carriage.

• Ramp assisted take off

Power Plant selectionPower Plant selection

Engine selection and calculations

Engine selectionEngine selection

cD = 0.2 (NASA’s wind tunnel data)

Power requirement for level flight PR= qSVcD = 0.135 BHP

Choice of engine based on propeller diameter scaling.

Engine SelectionEngine Selection

RPM = 4000Based on the above correlation and a

forward speed of 16 ms-1 PR = 1.7BHP.

Engine Model O.S. MAX-65LA

41

2 8.2424500

velocityRPM

PD R

O.S. MAX-65LAO.S. MAX-65LA

Engine to Propeller couplingEngine to Propeller coupling

Two props coupled to shaft via belt drive. Pulleys on prop shafts to provide reduction.

Deviations from exact scalingDeviations from exact scaling

Minor dimensions of structural members not scaled

Control strategy changed to suit servo actuation

A ‘base’ plate placed on lower wing to mount engine and actuators

Tricycle wheel baseNo. of ribs in wing reduced from 37 to 21

Control SystemControl System

Futaba Skysport 4VF airplane radio systemFour actuator servos for control surfacesCentrally mounted on base plateControl surface coupling via piano wire

Cost Estimate Cost Estimate

  Balsa + miscellaneous

Rs. 5000

Engine Rs. 10000

Fuel tank Rs. 250

Silicone tubing Rs. 100

Radio system Rs. 25000

Propellers Rs. 300

Total estimated cost Rs. 40650

Future PlansFuture Plans

• Mock up of thermocol• Wing construction • Canard, rudder and base-plate construction

as also struts and frame• Assembling fuel tank, r/c receiver, servos

and engine on the base plate

Future PlansFuture Plans

• Attaching control servos to control surfaces• Integrating wing, canard and rudder with

the frame• Integrating base plate with frame• Testing for flight and change incorporation

What we need to know…What we need to know…

How do we reduce the cost?Electric motor instead of IC engine What sequence should we follow in

building the model?Can we test individual components

separately before incorporating in the final model?

What we need to know…What we need to know…

How do we carry out flight testing without on board power?

Landing mechanism?Design for knock down