WRIT OF CERTIORARI -SCOTUS

7/30/2019 WRIT OF CERTIORARI -SCOTUS

1/31

4 fj >1 KFL^CNG[\

Zinx Frihigdb \f~rln Icdhn fj [ei| Kfl~cng{

FXNG\ LF_GIGH" Qn{i{ifgnr" z' QD[_ILID X_IHE[ DGK @NZIG XN\[" FG

ONEDBJ FJ [ENC\NBZN\ DGK DBB F[EN_\ \ICIBD_BY \I[^D[NK"

_n|qfgkng{|'

Gf' 4?#


2/31

Fxng| Lfrgigh rn|qnl{j~bby qn{i{ifg| jfr d xri{ fj P-->S lnr{ifrdri {f rnzinx {en m~khcng{ fj {en ^gi{nk \{d{n|

Lf~r{ fj Dqqndb| jfr {en [eirk Lirl~i{'

Ig Lenzrfg Fib' Lf' z' E~|fg" ;1; ^'\' 98 %4984)" {ei| Lf~r{ dggf~glnk d c~b{ijdl{fr {n|{ jfr kn{nrcigigh xen{enr

d m~kilidb knli|ifg {ed{ dggf~gln| d gnx r~bn fj bdx ig d lizib ld|n |ef~bk on dqqbink rn{rfdl{iznby fr fgby qrf|qnl{iznby

ig ld|n| {ed{ edzn yn{ {f rndle jigdb m~khcng{' Dj{nr Lenzrfg Fib xd| knliknk" {ei| Lf~r{ fznrr~bnk d |icibdr |{dgkdrkjfr kn{nrcigigh xen{enr d gnx r~bn fj bdx ig lricigdb ld|n| |ef~bk on dqqbink rn{rfdl{iznby fr fgby qrf|qnl{iznby {f

gfg#jigdb ld|n| {ed{ rncdig fqng fg kirnl{ rnzinx' Hrijji{e z' @ng{~l`y" ;89 ^'\'


3/31

rn{rfdl{izn dqqbild{ifg fj gnx knli|ifg| {f dbb ld|n| |{ibb |~omnl{ {f kirnl{ rnzinx'/ Ig rn Jnknrd{nk Knq({ \{frn|" Igl'" ;;

J'


4/31

PdS rihe{ {f qdycng{" xen{enr fr gf{ |~le rihe{ i| rnk~lnk {f m~khcng{" bit~ikd{nk" ~gbit~ikd{nk" jiunk"

lfg{ighng{" cd{~rnk" ~gcd{~rnk" ki|q~{nk" ~gki|q~{nk" P--41?%e)" fr >1?%i) fj {ei| {i{bn" xen{enr

fr gf{##

%i) d qrffj fj {en lbdic od|nk fg |~le kno{ i| jibnk fr knncnk jibnk ~gknr |nl{ifg >14 fj

{ei| {i{bn0

%ii) |~le lbdic i| dbbfxnk ~gknr |nl{ifg >1? fj {ei| {i{bn0 fr

%iii) {en efbknr fj |~le lbdic ed| dllnq{nk {en qbdg0 dgk

%O) {nrcigd{n| dbb rihe{| dgk ig{nrn|{| fj nt~i{y |nl~ri{y efbknr| dgk hngnrdb qdr{gnr|

qrfziknk jfr oy {en qbdg'

44 ^'\'L' 44;4%k)%4)'

P-8S \[D[NCNG[ FJ [EN LD\N

D' _n|qfgkng{|( \eighbn|'

_n|qfgkng{ Qd{rilid Xrihe{ edk Fxng| Lfrgigh /Fd`rikhn/ |eighbn| ig|{dbbnk fg {en rffj fj enr ef~|n ig bd{n 4995

fr ndrby 4999' _n|qfgkng{ @nzig Xn|{ edk Fxng| Lfrgigh /Fd`rikhn/ |eighbn| ig|{dbbnk fg {en rffj fj ei| ef~|n ig

?11>' Of{e rn|qfgkng{| P--4;S `gnx d{ {en {icn fj ig|{dbbd{ifg {ed{ {en |eighbn| xnrn cdg~jdl{~rnk dgk |fbk oy Fxng|

Lfrgigh' Ig ?119" of{e rn|qfgkng{| cdkn xdrrdg{y lbdic|" dbbnhigh {ed{ {enir |eighbn| edk lrdl`nk" xeile ld~|nk

bnd`igh'

Dj{nr rnlnizigh Xrihe{(| xdrrdg{y lbdic" Fxng| Lfrgigh fjjnrnk {f rnico~r|n enr jfr qdr{ fj {en lf|{| fj

rnqbdlncng{ fj enr rffj" o~{ |en rnj~|nk {f dllnq{ {en qdycng{ dgk {enrndj{nr jibnk {ei| bdx|~i{' Fxng| Lfrgigh kngink

Xn|{(| xdrrdg{y lbdic fg {en hrf~gk {ed{ {en lrdl`igh ig ei| |eighbn| xd| ld~|nk oy d |eij{igh fj {en rffj knl`' Xrihe{

jibnk |~i{ ig Gfznconr ?119" dgk Xn|{ xd| dkknk {f {en |~i{ d| d gdcnk qbdig{ijj fg Cdrle 44" ?141'

O' Fxng| Lfcigh(| Odg`r~q{ly'

Ig ?111" Fxng| Lfrgigh dgk |nznrdb rnbd{nk ng{i{in| zfb~g{driby jibnk jfr odg`r~q{ly rnbinj ~gknr Ledq{nr 44 ig {en^gi{nk \{d{n| Odg`r~q{ly Lf~r{ jfr {en Ki|{ril{ fj Knbdxdrn' Fg M~by 41" ?11:" Fxng| Lfrgigh i||~nk i{| \iu{e

Dcngknk Mfig{ Qbdg fj _nfrhdgi}d{ifg jfr Fxng| Lfrgigh dgk I{| Djjibid{nk Kno{fr| dgk Kno{fr|#ig#Qf||n||ifg %D|

Cfkijink) %/_nfrhdgi}d{ifg Qbdg/)" dgk d lfgjircd{ifg endrigh xd| enbk fg \nq{nconr 45" ?11:' Fg \nq{nconr ?:"

?11:" {en odg`r~q{ly lf~r{ i||~nk i{| frknr lfgjircigh {en _nfrhdgi}d{ifg P--4>S Qbdg %/Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr/)" d| xnbb

d| i{| Jigkigh| fj Jdl{ dgk Lfglb~|ifg| fj Bdx ig |~qqfr{ fj i{| Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr' [en P-5S ki|{ril{ lf~r{ djjircnk

{en odg`r~q{ly lf~r{(| Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr fg \nq{nconr ?5" ?11:'

Lfgjircd{ifg fj d kno{fr(| rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg hngnrdbby ki|ledrhn| dbb lbdic| dhdig|{ {en kno{fr" d| bfgh d| qrfqnr

Qdhn ;?14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -:0 ?14? ^'\' \' L{' Orinj| BNUI\ 1" --4?


5/31

gf{iln i| hizng' \nn hngnrdbby 44 ^'\'L' 44;4' [f {ed{ ngk" 44;4%k)%4)%D) fj {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn qrfzikn| ig

rnbnzdg{ qdr{ {ed{ /{en lfgjircd{ifg fj d qbdg ki|ledrhn| {en kno{fr jrfc dgy kno{ {ed{ drf|n onjfrn {en kd{n fj |~le

lfgjircd{ifg ''' xen{enr fr gf{ %i) d qrffj fj {en lbdic ''' i| jibnk '''0 %ii) |~le lbdic i| dbbfxnk ''' fr0 %iii) {en efbknr fj

|~le lbdic ed| dllnq{nk {en qbdg ''''/ Lfg|i|{ng{ xi{e {en hngnrdb r~bn" Fxng| Lfcigh(| _nfrhdgi}d{ifg Qbdg dgk

Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr qrfziknk jfr rnbnd|n dgk ki|ledrhn fj dbb /lbdic|/ dhdig|{ Fxng| Lfrgigh' /Lbdic/ xd| orfdkby

knjignk" jfbbfxigh {en bdgh~dhn fj {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn" d| /(PdS rihe{ {f qdycng{" xen{enr fr gf{ |~le rihe{ i| rnk~lnk

{f m~khcng{" bit~ikd{nk" ~gbit~ikd{nk" jiunk" lfg{ighng{" cd{~rnk" ~gcd{~rnk" ki|q~{nk" ~gki|q~{nk" bnhdb" nt~i{dobn"

P--4:S |nl~rnk" fr ~g|nl~rnk'(/ Qn{' Dqq' d'

P-41S [en jir|{ fj {en|n P--45S q~obi|enk gf{iln|" {en Gf{iln fj Ng{ry fj Odr Kd{n q~obi|enk ig Cdrle ?11?"

|qnlijildbby ikng{ijink efbknr| fj lbdic| rnbd{nk {f rffjigh |eighbn| d| qnr|fg| xef gnnknk {f jibn d lbdic' Qn{' Dqq' ?;d

* g';'

L' _n|qfgkng{|( Lbdic| Dgk Ki|{ril{ Lf~r{ _~bigh'

Xrihe{ igi{id{nk {ei| bdx|~i{ fg Gfznconr ?;" ?119' Qn{' Dqq' 48d' D| gf{nk dofzn" Xn|{ mfignk {ei| bdx|~i{ ig

Cdrle ?141' _n|qfgkng{| edzn d||nr{nk d zdrin{y fj lbdic|##iglb~kigh orndle fj lfg{rdl{" orndle fj nuqrn|| dgk icqbinkxdrrdg{y" ~gjdir {rdkn qrdl{iln|" jrd~k~bng{ dgk gnhbihng{ ci|rnqrn|ng{d{ifg" gnhbihngln" |{ril{ qrfk~l{| bidoibi{y" dgk

~gm~|{ ngrilecng{##dbb |{nccigh jrfc {en dbbnhnkby knjnl{izn |eighbn|" xeile {eny |dy lrdl`nk onld~|n fj {en knjnl{|

dgk ld~|nk {enir rffj| {f bnd`'

Xeng {en lbdic| xnrn jibnk" Jrngzibbn qrfziknk {en hfznrgigh r~bn ig {en [eirk Lirl~i{ jfr xed{ /lbdic|/ lf~bk on

ki|ledrhnk ig odg`r~q{ly' ^gknr Jrngzibbn" d qbdig{ijj kik gf{ qf||n|| d /lbdic/ xi{eig {en cndgigh fj {en odg`r~q{ly

lfkn ~g{ib en fr |en lf~bk qrflnnk xi{e d |~i{ fg {en lbdic" 8;; J'?k d{ ?14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -50 ?14? ^'\' \' L{' Orinj| BNUI\ 1" --4>


6/31

xeile igm~ry cdgijn|{| bfgh dj{nr nuqf|~rn {f fr q~rled|n fj d qrfk~l{" xnrn gf{ ki|ledrhnk ~gknr {en Jrngzibbn |{dgkdrk

~gbn|| {en igm~ry cdgijn|{nk qrifr {f {en lfgjircd{ifg fj d odg`r~q{ly qbdg' Enrn" ~gknr Jrngzibbn(| dllr~db {n|{"

rn|qfgkng{|( /ld~|n fj dl{ifg kik gf{ dllr~n ~g{ib {en knjnl{| ig {en rffjigh |eighbn| cdgijn|{nk ig ?119"/ Qn{' Dqq' >d"

rf~heby {ernn yndr| dj{nr {en Fxng| Lfrgigh Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr'

P-44S Ig M~gn ?141" {en [eirk Lirl~i{ fznrr~bnk Jrngzibbn(| dllr~db {n|{" xeile xd| d ~git~n dgk xiknby lri{ili}nkig{nrqrn{d{ifg fj {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn' Hrf||cdg(|" :18 J'' ^gknr

Hrf||cdg(|" nuqf|~rn {f fr q~rled|n fj {en qrfk~l{ hizigh ri|n {f {en lbdic xf~bk on |~jjiling{" nzng ij {en qbdig{ijj edk

gf{ yn{ |~jjnrnk dgy igm~ry dgk edk gf rihe{ {f |~n qrifr P--?1S {f lfgjircd{ifg fj {en kno{fr(| odg`r~q{ly qbdg' Ik'

Dj{nr {en [eirk Lirl~i{ i||~nk i{| fqigifg ig Hrf||cdg(|" qn{i{ifgnr jibnk d cf{ifg jfr |~ccdry m~khcng{ d||nr{igh

{ed{ dbb fj rn|qfgkng{|( lbdic| edk onng ki|ledrhnk oy {en odg`r~q{ly lf~r{(| Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr' \qnlijildbby"

qn{i{ifgnr d||nr{nk {ed{ i{ xd| ~gki|q~{nk {ed{ rn|qfgkng{| edk onng nuqf|nk {f {en qrfk~l{| hizigh ri|n {f {enir lbdic|

onjfrn {en Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr xd| ng{nrnk ig ?11:' Xrihe{ edk q~rled|nk enr |eighbn| onjfrn ?111" xeibn Xn|{ edk

q~rled|nk ei| |eighbn| ig ?11>' \igln" ~gknr Hrf||cdg(|" rn|qfgkng{| ndle enbk /lbdic|/ xi{eig {en cndgigh fj {en

Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn xeng {en odg`r~q{ly lf~r{ ng{nrnk i{| Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr" {ef|n lbdic| xnrn ki|ledrhnk q~r|~dg{ {f{en _nfrhdgi}d{ifg Qbdg dgk {en Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr'

[en ki|{ril{ lf~r{ hrdg{nk qn{i{ifgnr(| cf{ifg' Dj{nr igi{idbby rnmnl{igh rn|qfgkng{|( drh~cng{ {ed{ Hrf||cdg(|

|ef~bk on ~gknr|{ffk d| ledghigh {en bdx fgby d| {f d|on|{f| lbdic| %xeile xd| {en {yqn fj lbdic d{ i||~n ig

Hrf||cdg(|)" Qn{' Dqq' )' I{ lfglb~knk {ed{ rn|qfgkng{|" xef edk q~rled|nk {enir |eighbn| {erf~he {en {eirk#qdr{ylfg{rdl{fr| xef ig|{dbbnk {enc" xnrn ~g`gfxg lrnki{fr|' Qn{' Dqq' ;;d#;:d' Jfr ~g`gfxg lrnki{fr|" q~obild{ifg gf{iln

i| |~jjiling{' \nn C~bbdgn z' Lng{' Edgfznr Odg` * [r~|{ Lf'"


7/31

Dqq' 44d' Dqqbyigh {ei| {n|{ {f rn|qfgkng{|" i{ dhrnnk xi{e {en ki|{ril{ lf~r{ {ed{ of{e rn|qfgkng{| enbk /lbdic|/ d| fj {en

Lfgjircd{ifg Kd{n' Ik' d{ 5d#44d' [en lf~r{ db|f dl`gfxbnkhnk {ed{ {en Hrf||cdg(| {n|{ jfr /lbdic/ edk onng dqqbink

rn{rfdl{iznby ig Hrf||cdg(|" dgk {enrnjfrn bi`nxi|n |ef~bk on dqqbink rn{rfdl{iznby enrn' Ik' d{ 41d'

Efxnznr" {en lf~r{ bici{nk {en rn{rfdl{izn njjnl{ fj {en Hrf||cdg(| r~bn fgby {f {en t~n|{ifg xen{enr rn|qfgkng{|

edk d /lbdic/ xeng qn{i{ifgnr(| odg`r~q{ly qbdg xd| lfgjircnk' I{ rnj~|nk {f {rnd{ rn|qfgkng{|( bd{ng{ knjnl{ lbdic| {enxdy nznry f{enr /lbdic/ ig odg`r~q{ly xd| {rnd{nk ~gknr {en qbdg" iglb~kigh {ef|n fj dbb f{enr ~g`gfxg lrnki{fr| xef

rnlniznk fgby q~obild{ifg gf{iln= d| ki|ledrhnk' I{ ledrdl{nri}nk i{| r~bigh d| od|nk fg k~n qrfln||" oy xeile i{ cndg{

dknt~d{n gf{iln {ed{ rn|qfgkng{|( lbdic| xf~bk on ki|ledrhnk ig odg`r~q{ly' Qn{' Dqq' 4>d#4:d' O~{ {en qdgnb ikng{ijink

P--?;S gf jbdx ig {en nu{ng|izn q~obild{ifg gf{iln Fxng| Lfrgigh qrfziknk' P-4;S [f {en lfg{rdry" i{ dl`gfxbnkhnk

/{ed{ jfr ~g`gfxg lbdicdg{|" bi`n Prn|qfgkng{|S" gf{iln oy q~obild{ifg ig gd{ifgdb gnx|qdqnr| i| |~jjiling{ {f |d{i|jy {en

rnt~irncng{| fj k~n qrfln||"/ dgk |qnlijildbby |{d{nk {ed{ /{en Kno{fr|( gf{iln| xnrn |~jjiling{ d| {f cf|{ ~g`gfxg

lbdicdg{|'/ Ik' d{ 4?d#4S _ND\FG\ JF_ H_DG[IGH [EN QN[I[IFG

[en rd{ifgdbn jfr qrf|qnl{izn#fgby dqqbild{ifg fj gnx r~bn| ig lizib ld|n| ed| onng j~bby ~gknrcignk" o~{ {ei| Lf~r{

ed| gf{ yn{ nuqrn||by orf~he{ {f d lbf|n {en qrf|qnl{izn#fgby dqqbild{ifg fj gnx lizib r~bn| d| i{ ed| ig lricigdb ld|n|'

[ei| Lf~r{ |ef~bk dllnq{ rnzinx ig {ei| ld|n {f |f r~bn'

I' [EN LF^_[\ FJ DQQNDB\ D_N \ED_QBY KIZIKNK _NHD_KIGH [EN QF\\IOIBI[Y FJ DGK

\[DGKD_K\ JF_ Q_F\QNL[IZNFGBY DQQBILD[IFG FJ GNX _^BN\ IG LIZIB LD\N\'

[en r~bigh ig {en knli|ifg onbfx origh| {f jizn {en g~conr fj lirl~i{| {ed{ edzn knliknk {ed{ P--?:S ledghn| ig

m~kilidb ig{nrqrn{d{ifg fj jnknrdb bdx cdy" nzng dj{nr Edrqnr" on dqqbink qrf|qnl{iznby fgby' [en knli|ifg onbfx mfig|

\ede z' Qdg Dcnrildg Xfrbk \nrziln|" Igl'" 4;5 J'4#>?

%41{e Lir' ?118) %ng odgl)" dgk Hbd}gnr z' Hbd}gnr"


8/31

{en ld|n dggf~gligh d gnx r~bn" xen{enr {ed{ gnx r~bn |ef~bk on dqqbink rn{rfdl{iznby fr qrf|qnl{iznby fgby' \ede" 4;5

J'19 ^'\' d{ 9> g'9)'

[en knli|ifg onbfx gf{ fgby qnrci{| qrf|qnl{izn#fgby dqqbild{ifg fj d gnx r~bn" o~{" ig kirnl{ lfgjbil{ xi{e {en

[ng{e Lirl~i{(| rndkigh fjEdrqnr" i{ qnrci{| qrf|qnl{izn#fgby dqqbild{ifg fj {en gnx r~bn qrnli|nby onld~|n fj {en

rnbidgln ig{nrn|{| fj bi{ihdg{| fg {en fbk r~bn' \qnlijildbby" {en [eirk Lirl~i{ lfglb~knk {ed{ hizigh {en gnx r~bn j~bb

rn{rfdl{izn njjnl{ xd| igdqqrfqrid{n onld~|n xeng qn{i{ifgnr q~obi|enk P--?9S i{| nu{ng|izn gf{iln jfr {en ongnji{ fj dbb

~g`gfxg lbdicdg{|" /Jrngzibbn xd| {en bdx ig f~r Lirl~i{ ' ' ' ' Fg rndkigh {en gf{iln|" Prn|qfgkng{|S lf~bk fgby

~gknr|{dgk {ed{ {enir rihe{| xf~bk gf{ on djjnl{nk ig dgy xdy oy {en rnjnrnglnk qrflnnkigh|" dgk {e~|" lfrrnl{by" xf~bkgf{ edzn {d`ng dgy dl{ifg {f ng|~rn {ed{ {enir ig{nrn|{| xnrn rnqrn|ng{nk'/ Qn{' Dqq' 4


9/31

I{ cihe{ gf{ on rndkigh {ff c~le ig{f Edrqnr' ' ' ij xn xnrn {f lfglb~kn {ed{ Lenzrfg PFibS" dkfq{igh

{en {n|{ jfr kn{nrcigigh xeng ld|n| cdy on ngjfrlnk qrf|qnl{iznby" ed| bf|{ dbb zi{dbi{y' Xn drn |{r~l`"

efxnznr" oy {en gf{dobn do|ngln ig Edrqnrfj dgy |{d{ncng{ {ed{ Lenzrfg PFibS i| fznrr~bnk jfr ~|n ig

lizib ld|n| igzfbzigh d t~n|{ifg fj (q~rn( qrf|qnl{izi{y P-- %efbkigh /{ed{ d (lbdic( dri|n| xeng dg igkizik~db i| nuqf|nk qrn#qn{i{ifg {f d qrfk~l{ fr

f{enr lfgk~l{ hizigh ri|n {f dg igm~ry" xeile ~gknrbin| d (rihe{ {f qdycng{( ~gknr {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn/)' I{ xd| fgby ig

{en knli|ifg onbfx {ed{ {en Lf~r{ fj Dqqndb| nu{ngknk Hrf||cdg(| {f lfznr qbdig{ijj|" bi`n Xn|{" xef q~rled|nk fr xnrn

nuqf|nk {f {enir qrfk~l{| dj{nr {en jibigh fj {en qn{i{ifg o~{ onjfrn lfgjircd{ifg fj {en odg`r~q{ly qbdg' Qn{' Dqq' 44d'

D{ bnd|{ d| {f Xn|{" {ei| i| d ld|n fj q~rn qrf|qnl{izn dqqbild{ifg'

D| {f Xrihe{" xef q~rled|nk enr |eighbn| qrifr {f {en jibigh fj rn|qfgkng{(| odg`r~q{ly qn{i{ifg" {en r~bigh onbfx

lf~bk on ~gknr|{ffk d| dg nudcqbn fj |nbnl{izn qrf|qnl{izn dqqbild{ifg" xeile gf f{enr lf~r{ fj dqqndb| ed| lfg|iknrnk

|{ibb zidobn dj{nr Edrqnr' Efxnznr" Xrihe{(| lbdic" {ff" cdy on ~gknr|{ffk d| dg nudcqbn fj q~rn qrf|qnl{izndqqbild{ifg" P-?1S onld~|n {en [eirk Lirl~i{ ig Hrf||cdg(| kik gf{ knlikn xen{enr {en qbdig{ijj| lbdic edk onng

ki|ledrhnk' \nn Hrf||cdg(|" :18 J'19 ^'\' d{ 98' Dllfrkigh {f {en qdgnb" i{ qrfziknk rn{rfdl{izn njjnl{ {f

Hrf||cdg(| xeng i{ knlbdrnk {ed{ rn|qfgkng{|( lbdic| xnrn /lbdic|/ xi{eig {en cndgigh fj {en Lfkn dgk {en Qbdg' Qn{'

Dqq' 41d#44d' O~{ edzigh rnlfhgi}nk {ed{ rn|qfgkng{| edk /lbdic|"/ {en qdgnb rnj~|nk {f jigk {enc ki|ledrhnk fgby

onld~|n fj |~qqf|nk rnbidgln fg {en rnmnl{nkJrngzibbn {n|{' Ik' d{ 4


10/31

Q~{ ob~g{by" {en qdgnb(| knli|ifg xibb edzn gf njjnl{ fg {en jfrc fj gf{iln qrfziknk ig lfggnl{ifg xi{e dgy odg`r~q{ly

qbdg' Ij qn{i{ifgnr(| odg`r~q{ly edk qf|{#kd{nk ni{enr {en Hrf||cdg(| knli|ifg fr {en qdgnb knli|ifg ig {ei| ld|n" i{ xf~bk

gf{ edzn qrfziknk d knjigi{ifg fj /lbdic/ fr d jfrc fj gf{iln {ed{ kijjnr| d{ dbb jrfc {en fgn {ed{ xd| dl{~dbby qrfziknk

ig {ei| ld|n' Yn{ {en lbdic| fj {ef|n xef|n edrc| edk yn{ {f cdgijn|{ {enc|nbzn| xf~bk" P--S gfgn{enbn||" on

ki|ledrhnk'

[en qdgnb(| rnj~|db {f ki|ledrhn rn|qfgkng{|( lbdic| {e~| ed| gf{eigh {f kf xi{e gf{iln dgk nznry{eigh {f kf xi{e

{en ledghn ig {en bdx' [en rnmnl{ifg fjJrngzibbn(| knjigi{ifg fj /lbdic/ i| dbb {ed{ i| d{ i||~n' D| {en lf~r{ fj dqqndb|

jrnnby dl`gfxbnkhnk" jfr rn|qfgkng{| dgk lbdicdg{| bi`n {enc" {en f~{lfcn fj {en Hrf||cdg(| {n|{ kfn| gf{ dqqby0

ig|{ndk" /{en f~{lfcn fj {en Jrngzibbn {n|{ xibb lfg{ig~n {f dqqby'/ Qn{' Dqq' 4>d'

[en qdgnb(| knli|ifg {f rnledrdl{nri}n {en rn{rfdl{izi{y t~n|{ifg d| d t~n|{ifg fj gf{iln dgk k~n qrfln||" ij dbbfxnk

{f |{dgk" xf~bk fqng {en kffr {f |icibdr njjfr{| ig {en j~{~rn {f rnjrdcn rn{rfdl{izi{y t~n|{ifg| ig |icibdr {nrc|" j~r{enr

~gknrcigigh {en r~bn ig jdzfr fj rn{rfdl{izn dqqbild{ifg fj gnx r~bn| fj bdx dggf~glnk oy lf~r{|' _n{rfdl{izn

dqqbild{ifg fj d gnx m~kilidb r~bn xibb jrnt~ng{by igzfbzn i||~n| fj d qdr{y(| rnbidgln fg {en qrifr" o~{ fznrr~bnk" r~bn fj

bdx' Jfr nudcqbn" ig _nygfbk|zibbn Ld|`n{" {ei| Lf~r{ lfg|iknrnk xen{enr d gnx r~bn {ed{ ld~|nk d |{d{n |{d{~{n fj

bici{d{ifg| {f |erig` |ef~bk on dqqbink rn{rfdl{iznby ig d gfg#jigdb ld|n jibnk dj{nr {en gnx P-??S r~bn xd| dggf~glnk'

>4; ^'\' d{ 8>4' P--?' [ei|

Lf~r{ rnmnl{nk {en njjfr{" r~bigh {ed{ /{ei| {yqn fj m~|{ijild{ifg##fj{ng qrn|ng{ xeng qrifr bdx i| fznrr~bnk##i| {en znry |fr{

{ed{ {ei| Lf~r{" ig Edrqnr" jf~gk ig|~jjiling{ {f kngy rn{rfdl{izn dqqbild{ifg fj d gnx bnhdb r~bn %{ed{ edk onng dqqbink ig

{en ld|n {ed{ jir|{ dggf~glnk i{)'/ Ik' d{ 8>;'

D| _nygfbk|zibbn Ld|`n{cd`n| lbndr" {en bdonb i| ~gicqfr{dg{0 {en fqnrd{ifg fj m~kilidbby knlbdrnk bdx i| xed{

cd{{nr|' Knlbdrigh {ed{ rnbidgln ig{nrn|{| |~qqfr{ qrf|qnl{izn#fgby dqqbild{ifg fj d gnx r~bn" d| {en [eirk Lirl~i{ kik" i|

gf kijjnrng{ {edg knlbdrigh {ed{ rnbidgln ig{nrn|{| xf~bk cd`n rn{rfdl{izn dqqbild{ifg fj d gnx r~bn iglfg|i|{ng{ xi{e k~n

qrfln||'

III' [EI\ LF^_[ \EF^BK _NLFHGI]N D LBND_ _^BN FJ _N[_FDL[IZN DQQBILD[IFG FJ GNX

KNLI\IFG\'

D lbndr r~bn rnt~irigh rn{rfdl{izn dqqbild{ifg fj gnx P--19 ^'\' d{ 9;#9> %ki|l~||igh Big`bn{{nr z' Xdb`nr" ))' [en Big`bn{{nr{n|{ edk qrnzdibnk ig lricigdb ld|n| ig {en jdln fj /{en j~gkdcng{db r~bn fj (rn{rf|qnl{izn

fqnrd{ifg( {ed{ ed| hfznrgnk (PmS~kilidb knli|ifg| ' ' ' jfr gndr d {ef~|dgk yndr|'(/ Edrqnr" >19 ^'\' d{ 9; %db{nrd{ifg dgkfci||ifg ig frihigdb) %t~f{igh @~eg z' Jdircf~g{ Lfdb Lf'" ?4> ^'\'


11/31

Edrqnr" >19 ^'\' d{ 9> %db{nrd{ifg| ig frihigdb) %li{d{ifg fci{{nk) %t~f{igh Hrijji{e" ;89 ^'\' d{


12/31

jdzfrigh gf{iln dgk dg fqqfr{~gi{y {f on endrk oy lrnki{fr| qrifr {f {en lfgjircd{ifg fj d odg`r~q{ly qbdg' Qn{' Dqq'

4S 44 ^'\'L' 414 n{ |nt' Qbdig{ijj| Qd{rilid Xrihe{ dgk @nzig Xn|{ %lfbbnl{iznby" {en /Qbdig{ijj|/) jibnk d

Qdhn 4??14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -?:0 ?14? ^'\' \' L{' Orinj| BNUI\ 1" --;


13/31

q~{d{izn lbd|| dl{ifg |nn`igh kdcdhn| rnbd{nk {f knjnl{| ig rffjigh |eighbn| P-?dS cdg~jdl{~rnk oy Fxng| Lfrgigh' g4

[en Ki|{ril{ Lf~r{ hrdg{nk Fxng| Lfcigh(| cf{ifg jfr |~ccdry m~khcng{" kn{nrcigigh {ed{ {en Qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| xnrn

ki|ledrhnk ~gknr {en lfgjircnk rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg %{en /Qbdg/) fj Fxng| Lfrgigh dgk lnr{dig fj i{| |~o|ikidrin|

%lfbbnl{iznby" {en /Kno{fr|/)' \qnlijildbby" {en Lf~r{ enbk {ed{" od|nk fg Hrf||cdg(|" {en Qbdig{ijj| enbk /lbdic|/ ~gknr

{en Lfkn" dgk {ed{ {en q~obi|enk gf{iln| fj {en Kno{fr|( Ledq{nr 44 odg`r~q{ly ld|n| djjfrknk {enc qrflnk~rdb k~n

qrfln||' Xn dhrnn {ed{ {en Qbdig{ijj| enbk lbdic| ~gknr {en Lfkn" o~{" ~gknr {en lirl~c|{dgln| onjfrn ~|" ki|dhrnn {ed{

{eny xnrn djjfrknk qrflnk~rdb k~n qrfln||' Engln {enir lbdic| xnrn gf{ ki|ledrhnk' Xn {e~| djjirc ig qdr{ dgk rnznr|n

ig qdr{ {en Lf~r{(| m~khcng{" dgk rncdgk {en ld|n jfr j~r{enr qrflnnkigh|'

g4 [en Qbdig{ijj| iglfrrnl{by gdcnk Fxng| Lfrgigh d| {en knjngkdg{ rd{enr {edg Fxng| Lfrgigh \dbn| BBL'

Gfgn{enbn||" xn lfg{ig~n {f rnjnr {f {en knjngkdg{ d| /Fxng| Lfrgigh'/

P--;:S

I' Odl`hrf~gk

[en Qbdig{ijj|( |{fry qrn|ng{| {en ledbbnghn fj dkcigi|{nrigh ~g`gfxg j~{~rn lbdic| ig odg`r~q{ly' Ig bd{n 4995 fr

ndrby 4999" Xrihe{ eirnk d lfg{rdl{fr" xef ig|{dbbnk |eighbn| cdg~jdl{~rnk oy Fxng| Lfrgigh fg enr rffj' Ig ?11>"

Xn|{ |icibdrby eirnk d lfg{rdl{fr" xef bi`nxi|n ig|{dbbnk |eighbn| cdg~jdl{~rnk oy Fxng| Lfrgigh fg ei| rffj' [enyof{e ki|lfznrnk bnd`| ig ?119" dgk kn{nrcignk {ed{ {en |eighbn| edk lrdl`nk' Ndle |ng{ xdrrdg{y lbdic| {f Fxng|

Lfrgigh' I{ rnmnl{nk Xrihe{(| lbdic ig qdr{ dgk Xn|{(| lbdic ig j~bb' Ig Gfznconr ?119" Xrihe{ jibnk d lbd|| dl{ifg

dhdig|{ Fxng| Lfrgigh dbbnhigh jrd~k" gnhbihngln" |{ril{ bidoibi{y" dgk orndle fj xdrrdg{y' Xn|{ bd{nr xd| dkknk d| d

gdcnk qbdig{ijj'

P-) %t~f{igh [~b|d Qrfj(b Lfbbnl{ifg \nrz'" Igl' z' Qfqn" ;5> ^'\' ;85" ;91" 415 \'L{'

4


14/31

{f lfg|iknr {en ki|lbf|~rn |{d{ncng{ xd| q~obi|enk ig [en Gnx Yfr` [icn|" [en Xdbb \{rnn{ Mf~rgdb" ^\D [fkdy" dgk

{en [fbnkf Obdkn' Ig Gfznconr ?11:" gf{iln fj {en Qbdg(| kd{n fj lfgjircd{ifg" \nq{nconr ?:" ?11: %{en /Lfgjircd{ifg

Kd{n/)" xd| q~obi|enk ig {en |dcn jf~r q~obild{ifg|' [en Qbdg qrfziknk jfr {en ki|ledrhn fj dbb lbdic| rnbd{igh {f {en

Kno{fr| ~gknr {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn {ed{ drf|n onjfrn {en Lfgjircd{ifg Kd{n' g; [en frknr lfgjircigh {en Qbdg %{en

/Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr/) bi`nxi|n qrfziknk {ed{ dbb lbdic| dri|igh onjfrn {en Lfgjircd{ifg Kd{n xnrn ki|ledrhnk'

g; \nl{ifg 44;4 fj {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn qrfzikn| {ed{ /lfgjircd{ifg fj d qbdg ' ' ' ki|ledrhn| {en kno{fr jrfc

dgy kno{ {ed{ drf|n onjfrn {en kd{n fj |~le lfgjircd{ifg" ' ' ' xen{enr fr gf{ %i) d qrffj fj {en lbdic od|nk fg

|~le kno{ i| jibnk ' ' ' 0 %ii) |~le lbdic i| dbbfxnk ' ' ' 0 fr %iii) {en efbknr fj |~le lbdic ed| dllnq{nk {en qbdg'/ 44

^'\'L' 44;4%k)%4)%D)' /Kno{/ i| knjignk d| bidoibi{y fg d lbdic' Ik' 414%4?)'

Xeng {en Qbdig{ijj| jibnk P--;9S {enir lbd|| dl{ifg" {enrn xd| bi{{bn ki|q~{n d| {f {en njjnl{ fj Fxng| Lfcigh(|

odg`r~q{ly fg {en Qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| dhdig|{ i{' Od|nk fg f~r c~le#cdbihgnk knli|ifg ig Dznbbigf z' C' Jrngzibbn Lf' %Ig

rn C' Jrngzibbn Lf')" 8;; J'?k


15/31

{en rnlfrk c~|{ on krdxg ig jdzfr fj {en gfgcfzigh qdr{y"/ dgk xn /cdy gf{ xnihe {en nzikngln fr d||n|| lrnkioibi{y'/

COID Ig|'" ;?: J'


16/31

J'8:

%44{e Lir'499>)0 Bncnbbn z' ^giznr|db Cjh' Lfrq'" 45 J'{e Lir'499;)0 ^gi{nk \{d{n| z' B[Z Lfrq' %Ig rn

Led{nd~hdy Lfrq')" 9;; J'?k 998 %?k Lir'4994)' P-->:S Lj ]iBFH" Igl' z' Lfrgigh %Ig rn ]iBFH" Igl')" ;>1 J'5S {en kno{fr jrfc dgy kno{ {ed{ drf|n onjfrn {en

kd{n fj |~le lfgjircd{ifg'/ 44 ^'\'L' 44;4%k)%4)%D) %ncqed|i| dkknk)' \nn db|f ik' >


17/31

jir|{ enbk {ed{ {en lbdic| xnrn ki|ledrhnk q~r|~dg{ {f {en Lfgjircd{ifg Frknr onjfrn lfg|iknrigh xen{enr {en

gf{iln| djjfrknk {en Qbdig{ijj| k~n qrfln||" d lfglnq{ rff{nk ig jdirgn|| dgk dqqbildobn {f odg`r~q{ly {erf~he {en

Jij{e Dcngkcng{ fj f~r Lfg|{i{~{ifg' \nn \BX Ldqi{db" BBL z' Cdg|drdy#_~jjig %Ig rn Cdg|drdy#_~jjig)" >?0 |nn db|f \BX Ldqi{db" BBL z' P-4


18/31

xn bndzn fqng xen{enr" xeng |~le d rnqrn|ng{d{izn qrfzikn| qnr|fg| xi{e ~g`gfxg j~{~rn lbdic| dg fqqfr{~gi{y

{f qdr{iliqd{n ig {en odg`r~q{ly ld|n {erf~he {ed{ rnqrn|ng{d{ifg" {eny drn djjfrknk k~n qrfln|| {erf~he

f{enrxi|n dknt~d{n gf{iln {f {en j~{~rn lbdic| rnqrn|ng{d{izn' \nn" n'h'" Mfgn| z' Lencn{rfg Lfrq'" ?4? J':8

QD[_ILID X_IHE[ DGK @NZIG XN\[" FG ONEDBJ FJ [ENC\NBZN\ P--::S DGK DBB F[EN_\

\ICIBD_BY \I[^D[NK" Qbdig{ijj|" z' FXNG\ LF_GIGH" Knjngkdg{'

Cdrle ?4" ?144

CNCF_DGK^C FQIGIFG

LFG[I" Ki|{ril{ M~khn'

Fg Gfznconr ?;" ?119" qbdig{ijj Qd{rilid Xrihe{ %/Xrihe{/) ig|{i{~{nk {ei| q~{d{izn lbd|| dl{ifg oy jibigh d

lfcqbdig{ dhdig|{ knjngkdg{ Fxng| Lfrgigh %/Fxng| Lfrgigh/ fr /knjngkdg{/)' %NLJ Gf' 4') Fg Cdrle 44" ?141"

Xrihe{ jibnk dg dcngknk lfcqbdig{ dgk iglb~knk @nzig Xn|{ %/Xn|{"/ dgk {fhn{enr xi{e Xrihe{" /qbdig{ijj|/) d| dg

Qdhn 45?14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -4;d0 ?14? ^'\' \' L{' Orinj| BNUI\ 1" --:


19/31

dkki{ifgdb gdcnk qbdig{ijj' %NLJ Gf' ??') Fg M~gn ?9" ?141" qbdig{ijj| jibnk d |nlfgk dcngknk lfcqbdig{" xeile i| {en

|~omnl{ fj {en ig|{dg{ cncfrdgk~c fqigifg' %NLJ Gf' ;9') Xdi{igh {en lf~r{(| kn{nrcigd{ifg i| knjngkdg{(| cf{ifg jfr

|~ccdry m~khcng{ jibnk fg M~by 49" ?141' %NLJ Gf' >>') Knjngkdg{(| cf{ifg rnt~n|{| {en lf~r{ hrdg{ |~ccdry

m~khcng{ ig i{| jdzfr xi{e rn|qnl{ {f P-45dS dbb qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| onld~|n {ef|n lbdic| xnrn ki|ledrhnk ig knjngkdg{(|

odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh|'

Dj{nr lfg|iknrigh knjngkdg{(| cf{ifg jfr |~ccdry m~khcng{" qbdig{ijj|( orinj ig fqqf|i{ifg %NLJ Gf' :9)" {en mfig{

|{d{ncng{ fj cd{nridb jdl{| %C'\'/) %NLJ Gf' 8:)" dgk {en qdr{in|( f{enr |~oci||ifg|" knjngkdg{(| cf{ifg xibb P--:8S on

hrdg{nk onld~|n qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| xnrn ki|ledrhnk'

I' Jdl{~db odl`hrf~gk

D' Xrihe{(| q~rled|n fj Fxng| Lfrgigh |eighbn| dgk xdrrdg{y lbdic

Ig bd{n 4995 fr ndrby 4999" Xrihe{ ig|{dbbnk Fxng| Lfrgigh /Fd`rikhn/ |eighbn| fg enr rffj' %M'\'" Qdr{ I" Q 4')

Xrihe{ kik gf{ q~rled|n {en |eighbn| kirnl{by jrfc Fxng| Lfrgigh0 ig|{ndk" |en eirnk d lfg{rdl{fr {f q~rled|n dgk

ig|{dbb {en |eighbn| fg enr rffj' %Ik' Q ?;') Xrihe{ onbinznk {ed{ {en |eighbn| |en q~rled|nk {erf~he enr lfg{rdl{fr xnrn

qrf{nl{nk oy d ;1#yndr xdrrdg{y {ed{ qrfziknk gfg#qrfrd{nk lfznrdhn jfr {en jir|{ jij{nng yndr|' %M'\'" Qdr{ II" Q 41')

Onjfrn {en |eighbn| xnrn ig|{dbbnk fg {en rffj fj enr efcn" Xrihe{ fo{dignk dg Fxng| Lfrgigh qrfk~l{ igjfrcd{ifg

orfle~rn jfr Fd`rikhn \edkfx Qrnci~c Drlei{nl{~rdb \nrin| \eighbn| d{ Bfxn(| fr Efcn Knqf{ xeile |n{ jfr{e {en

xdrrdg{y qnrifk dgk gfg#qrfrd{nk qnrifk' %Ik' Q 44') Xrihe{ dbbnhn| |en kik gf{ rnlnizn d xdrrdg{y rnhi|{rd{ifg ldrk jfr

{en |eighbn|' %Ik' Q 4?')

Ig fr drf~gk Mdg~dry ?119" Xrihe{ bndrgnk dof~{ qrfobnc| d||flid{nk xi{e enr Fxng| Lfrgigh |eighbn| xeng |en

gf{ilnk xd{nr bndìgh ig {en jf~r#|nd|fg| P-49dS rffc fj enr efcn' %Ik' Q 4#4:') _f||f _ffjigh lfcqbn{nk {en Fxng| Lfrgigh xdrrdg{y lbdic jfrc jfr d qfr{ifg

fj {en rffj dgk |~oci{{nk i{ {f Fxng| Lfrgigh fg Xrihe{(| onedbj' %Ik' Q 48') K~righ {en xdrrdg{y lbdic| qrfln||"

Fxng| Lfrgigh |ng{ Xrihe{ d lfqy fj d bici{nk xdrrdg{y fg i{| rffjigh |eighbn|' %Ik' Q 45') Fxng| Lfrgigh kik gf{

qrfzikn {en bici{nk xdrrdg{y {f Xrihe{ ~g{ib |en ig|{i{~{nk {en xdrrdg{y lbdic| qrfln||" dgk {en qrfk~l{ igjfrcd{ifgorfle~rn xd| {en fgby qrfk~l{ kfl~cng{d{ifg Fxng| Lfrgigh qrfziknk Xrihe{ d{ fr onjfrn {en q~rled|n dgk

ig|{dbbd{ifg fj {en |eighbn|' %Ik' Q 49')

g4 Knjngkdg{ ki|q~{n| {ed{ {en |eighbn| xnrn {en ld~|n fj {en bndìgh xd{nr" o~{ kfn| gf{ lfg|iknr {en i||~n {f on

cd{nridb {f {en kn{nrcigd{ifg fj {en ig|{dg{ cf{ifg' %M'\'" Qdr{ II" Q 41 ig

lfcqng|d{ifg" P--:9S qb~| d + >11 lrnki{ {fxdrk {en q~rled|n fj |eighbn|' %Ik' Q ?1') Xrihe{ rnqbdlnk enr rffj ig ?119

jfr + 4?"58>' %Ik' Q ?4')

O' Xn|{(| q~rled|n fj Fxng| Lfrgigh |eighbn| dgk xdrrdg{y lbdic

Ig D~h~|{ ?11>" Xn|{ qdik Efxdrk Cdhg~|fg" d qrfjn||ifgdb rffjigh ig|{dbbnr" + 41"5?;'>1 {f rnqbdln ei| rffj xi{eFxng| Lfrgigh Fd`rikhn Qrf ?>

oy Fxng| Lfrgigh' %M'\'" Qdr{ II" Q ;') Fxng| Lfrgigh qrfziknk Xn|{ xi{e d |eighbn xdrrdg{y lbdic jfrc dgk qdl`n{

kd{nk M~by ?4" ?119' %Ik' Q >') Fxng| Lfrgigh kngink Xn|{(| xdrrdg{y lbdic ig lfrrn|qfgkngln kd{nk M~by ?;" ?119"

|{d{igh {ed{ {en lrdlìgh qrfobnc xi{e Xn|{(| |eighbn| P--81S xd| ld~|nk oy knl` cfzncng{' %Ik' Q :') Xn|{ xd|

Qdhn 49?14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -48d0 ?14? ^'\' \' L{' Orinj| BNUI\ 1" --::


20/31

dkzi|nk oy d rffjigh ig|qnl{fr {ed{ {en |eighbn| fg ei| rffj" iglb~kigh {en cdig" cikkbn" dgk jrfg{ qfrle rffj|" nueioi{nk

|ihg| fj lrdl`igh dgk knhrdg~bd{ifg' %Qb|'( Dqq' %NLJ Gf' :9)" Nu' O d{ 4:?')

g? Knjngkdg{ ki|q~{n| {ed{ {en |eighbn| xnrn {en ld~|n fj {en bnd`igh xd{nr" o~{ kfn| gf{ lfg|iknr {en i||~n {f on

cd{nridb {f {en kn{nrcigd{ifg fj {en ig|{dg{ cf{ifg' %M'\'" Qdr{ II" Q ?')

g< Knjngkdg{ dznr| {ed{ qbdig{ijj| kik gf{ o~y {enir |eighbn| kirnl{by jrfc Fxng| Lfrgigh dgk {eny kik gf{lfg{dl{ Fxng| Lfrgigh ~g{ib ?119' %M'\'" Qdr{ I" QQ ?;" ?8')

L' [en rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg" lfgjircd{ifg frknr" dgk q~obi|enk gf{iln

Fg Fl{fonr >" ?111" Fxng| Lfrgigh dgk |nznrdb rnbd{nk ng{i{in| %{en /kno{fr|/) zfb~g{driby jibnk jfr odg`r~q{ly

rnbinj ~gknr Ledq{nr 44 ig {en ^gi{nk \{d{n| Odg`r~q{ly Lf~r{ jfr {en Ki|{ril{ fj Knbdxdrn' %M'\'" Qdr{ I" Q


21/31

i| {nrcigd{nk" dgk ndle fj {enir rn|qnl{izn _nbd{nk P-?


22/31

m~khcng{" ikng{ijyigh ndle lbdic fr knjng|n##fr {en qdr{ fj ndle lbdic fr knjng|n##fg xeile |~ccdry

m~khcng{ i| |f~he{' [en lf~r{ |edbb hrdg{ |~ccdry m~khcng{ ij {en cfzdg{ |efx| {ed{ {enrn i| gf

hng~ign ki|q~{n d| {f dgy cd{nridb jdl{ dgk {en cfzdg{ i| ng{i{bnk {f m~khcng{ d| d cd{{nr fj bdx' [en

lf~r{ |ef~bk |{d{n fg {en rnlfrk {en rnd|fg| jfr hrdg{igh fr kngyigh {en cf{ifg'

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%l) Qrflnk~rn|'

%4) \~qqfr{igh Jdl{~db Qf|i{ifg|' D qdr{y d||nr{igh {ed{ d jdl{ ldggf{ on fr i| hng~ignby ki|q~{nk

c~|{ |~qqfr{ {en d||nr{ifg oy=

%D) li{igh {f qdr{il~bdr qdr{| fj cd{nridb| ig {en rnlfrk" iglb~kigh knqf|i{ifg|" kfl~cng{|" nbnl{rfgildbby

|{frnk igjfrcd{ifg" djjikdzi{| fr knlbdrd{ifg|" |{iq~bd{ifg| %iglb~kigh {ef|n cdkn jfr q~rqf|n| fj {en

cf{ifg fgby)" dkci||ifg|" ig{nrrfhd{fry dg|xnr|" fr f{enr cd{nridb|0 fr

P-?:dS %O) |efxigh {ed{ {en cd{nridb| li{nk kf gf{ n|{dobi|e {en do|ngln fr qrn|ngln fj d hng~ign

ki|q~{n" fr {ed{ dg dkznr|n qdr{y ldggf{ qrfk~ln dkci||iobn nzikngln {f |~qqfr{ {en jdl{'

JNK' _' LIZ' Q' >:%d)" %l)%4)%D)" %O)' P--85S

_~bn >: fj {en Jnknrdb _~bn| fj Lizib Qrflnk~rn /cdgkd{n| {en ng{ry fj |~ccdry m~khcng{" dj{nr

dknt~d{n {icn jfr ki|lfznry dgk ~qfg cf{ifg" dhdig|{ d qdr{y xef jdib| {f cd`n d |efxigh |~jjiling{ {f

n|{dobi|e {en nui|{ngln fj dg nbncng{ n||ng{idb {f {ed{ qdr{y(| ld|n" dgk fg xeile {ed{ qdr{y xibb ondr {en

o~rkng fj qrffj d{ {ridb'/

Cdr{ng z' Hfkxig" ;99 J'


23/31

Qbdig{ijj| d||nr{ d c~b{i{~kn fj lbdic| ig {enir |nlfgk dcngknk lfcqbdig{' Fxng| Lfrgigh kfn| gf{ dkkrn|| {en

njjildly fj {ef|n lbdic| ig i{| |~ccdry m~khcng{ cf{ifg0 rd{enr" i{ drh~n| {ed{ qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| drn odrrnk d| d cd{{nr fj

bdx onld~|n Mnbk#Xng" Igl' z' Zdg Or~g{ %Ig rn Hrf||cdg(| Igl')" :18 J'


24/31

Lir'?114)" dgk kn|lrionk d| /fgn P--5;S fj {en cf|{ lri{ili}nk dgk bnd|{ jfbbfxnk qrnlnkng{| knliknk ~gknr {en l~rrng{

Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn'/ Jirndrc| Icq' * Nuq' Lfrq' z' ^gi{nk Ldqi{fb Ig|' Lf' %Ig rn Jirndrc| Icq' * Nuq' Lfrq')" 4


25/31

/lbdic/ ed| {en orfdkn|{ dzdibdobn knjigi{ifg)'

[en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| ig Hrf||cdg(| rnmnl{nk Jrngzibbn(| rnbidgln fg {en {nrc /rihe{ {f qdycng{/ ig {en Odg`r~q{ly

Lfkn onld~|n i{ jdibnk /{f hizn |~jjiling{ xnihe{ {f {en xfrk| cfkijyigh i{= (lfg{ighng{"( (~gcd{~rnk"( dgk (~gbit~ikd{nk'(/

Ik' P--55S Ig f{enr xfrk|" {en lf~r{(| knli|ifg ig Jrngzibbn kik gf{ dl`gfxbnkhn {ed{ d /lbdic/ /ldg nui|{ ~gknr {en

Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn onjfrn d rihe{ {f qdycng{ nui|{| ~gknr |{d{n bdx'/ Ik' %ncqed|i| dkknk)' ^gknr {ed{ dgdby|i|" {en lf~r{nuqbili{by fznrr~bnk Jrngzibbn dgk i{| dllr~db {n|{ onld~|n Jrngzibbn icqf|nk /{ff gdrrfx dg ig{nrqrn{d{ifg fj d (lbdic(

~gknr {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn'/ Ik'

[en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| rnlfhgi}nk {ed{ i{| knli|ifg {f fznrr~bn Jrngzibbn bnj{ d zfik ig {en lf~r{(| m~ri|qr~kngln dof~{

xeng d lbdic nui|{| ~gknr {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn' Ik' Cigkj~b fj /Lfghrn||( ig{ng{ {f qrfzikn kno{fr| xi{e d jrn|e |{dr{/

dj{nr lbdic| drn P-88 %44{e Lir'499>))'[en lf~r{

ig Hrf||cdg(| dl`gfxbnkhnk {ed{ {en lfgk~l{ {n|{ xd| {ff orfdk dgk lf~bk nglfcqd|| lbdicdg{| /(xef kik gf{ ~|n fredzn dgy nuqf|~rn {f {en kdghnrf~| qrfk~l{ ~g{ib bfgh dj{nr {en odg`r~q{ly(/ qrflnnkigh|' Ik' %t~f{igh Dbdg G' _n|gil`"

Odg`r~q{ly d| d Zneilbn jfr _n|fbzigh Ng{nrqri|n#[ernd{ngigh Cd|| [fr{ Bidoibi{y" 4;5 ^' QD' B' _NZ' ?1;>" ?184

%?111))'

[en ng odgl qdgnb jf~gk {ed{ {en knli|ifg i||~nk oy {en Lf~r{ fj Dqqndb| jfr {en Nbnzng{e Lirl~i{ ig Qiqnrxd|

qnr|~d|izn' [en {n|{ dr{il~bd{nk ig Qiqnr" {en qrnqn{i{ifg rnbd{ifg|eiq {n|{" g5 fr {en /Qiqnr{n|{"/ bfhildbby odbdglnk {en

Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn(| knjigi{ifg fj /lbdic"/ dgk {en qdr{in|( nuqnl{d{ifg| k~righ odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh|' [en Lf~r{ fj

Dqqndb| jfr {en Nbnzng{e Lirl~i{ |{d{nk=

P-) lbdic dhdig|{ d kno{fr cdg~jdl{~rnr ij %i) nzng{| fll~rrigh onjfrn

lfgjircd{ifg lrnd{n d rnbd{ifg|eiq" |~le d| lfg{dl{" nuqf|~rn" icqdl{" fr P--91S qrizi{y" on{xnng {en

lbdicdg{ dgk {en kno{fr(| qrfk~l{0 dgk %ii) {en od|i| jfr bidoibi{y i| {en kno{fr(| qrnqn{i{ifg lfgk~l{ ig

kn|ihgigh" cdg~jdl{~righ dgk |nbbigh {en dbbnhnkby knjnl{izn fr kdghnrf~| qrfk~l{'

g5 ^gknr {en qrn#qn{i{ifg rnbd{ifg|eiq {n|{" d lbdic dri|n| jrfc d kno{fr(| lfgk~l{ /xenrn {enrn i| ' ' ' |fcn

qrn#qn{i{ifg rnbd{ifg|eiq on{xnng {en kno{fr dgk {en lbdicdg{" |~le d| d q~rled|n" ~|n" fqnrd{ifg fj" fr nuqf|~rn

{f {en kno{fr(| qrfk~l{'/ Hrf||cdg(|" :18 J'5 J'85 J'88' Lfhgi}dg{ fj {en Qiqnr{n|{" {en lf~r{ lfglb~knk ig Hrf||cdg(| {ed{ /d qrnrnt~i|i{n jfr

rnlfhgi}igh d (lbdic( i| {ed{ {en lbdicdg{(| nuqf|~rn {f d qrfk~l{ hizigh ri|n {f {en (lbdic( fll~rrnk qrn#qn{i{ifg" nzng

{ef~he {en igm~ry cdgijn|{nk i{|nbj dj{nr {en rnfrhdgi}d{ifg'/ Hrf||cdg(|" :18 J'' [en lf~r{ enbk {ed{ /d (lbdic(

dri|n| xeng dg igkizik~db i| nuqf|nk qrn#qn{i{ifg {f d qrfk~l{ fr f{enr lfgk~l{ hizigh ri|n {f dg igm~ry" xeile ~gknrbin|

d (rihe{ {f P--94S qdycng{( ~gknr {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn'/ Ik' Dqqbyigh i{| efbkigh {f {en Zdg Or~g{|" {en lf~r{ knliknk{ed{ /{enir lbdic| drf|n |fcn{icn ig 4988" {en kd{n Cdry Zdg Or~g{ dbbnhnk {ed{ Hrf||cdg(| qrfk~l{ nuqf|nk enr {f

d|on|{f|'/ Ik'

Qbdig{ijj|( drh~cng{ {ed{ {en efbkigh ig Hrf||cdg(| i| bici{nk {f d|on|{f|#rnbd{nk ld|n| i| ~glfgzigligh' [en lf~r{(|

knli|ifg kik gf{ iglb~kn dgy bdgh~dhn bici{igh i{| efbkigh ig {ed{ xdy' g9 %\nn Qb|'( Or' %NLJ P-dS Gf' :9) d{ ?')

Gf{doby" {en lf~r{ rnlfhgi}nk {ed{" dj{nr fznrr~bigh Jrngzibbn" i{ xd| {d|`nk xi{e jibbigh d zfik ig i{| m~ri|qr~kngln dof~{

xeng d lbdic dri|n|' [f bici{ i{| efbkigh {f d|on|{f| ld|n| xf~bk ~gkf~o{nkby jdbb |efr{ fj jibbigh {ed{ zfik' g41 Igknnk"

fgn rnlng{ knli|ifg oy {en Lf~r{ fj Dqqndb| jfr {en [eirk Lirl~i{ dqqbink {en efbkigh ig Hrf||cdg(| irrn|qnl{izn fj {en

Qdhn ?>?14? ^'\' Orinj| 8?848" -


26/31

nui|{ngln fj d qrfk~l{ lbdic' \nn Ig rn _fkrih~n}" :?9 J'))' g44 Onld~|n {en efbkigh ig Hrf||cdg(| dqqbin| {f lbdic|##bi`n {ef|n P--9?S d||nr{nk oy qbdig{ijj|##igzfbzigh"

ig{nr dbid" orndle fj xdrrdg{y dgk qrfk~l{ bidoibi{y rnhdrkigh rffjigh |eighbn|" {en lf~r{ c~|{ knlikn xen{enr {en

efbkigh ig Hrf||cdg(| ldg on rn{rfdl{iznby dqqbink {f {ei| ld|n'

g9 Qbdig{ijj| qfig{ {f jff{gf{n nbnzng ig {en Hrf||cdg(| knli|ifg {f |~qqfr{ {enir drh~cng{ {ed{ Hrf||cdg(| fgby

dqqbin| {f d|on|{f|#rnbd{nk lbdic|' Ig jff{gf{n nbnzng" {en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| knlbignk {f /knlikn xeng d (lbdic(

dri|n| ig {en lfg{nu{ fj dg ngzirfgcng{db lbndg~q ld|n igzfbzigh lfgjbil{igh |{d{~{fry jrdcnxfr`|'/ Hrf||cdg(|"

:18 J'#?: g' 44' I{ kfn| gf{ jfbbfx {ed{ {en lf~r{ rnj~|nk {f dr{il~bd{n d |{dgkdrk jfr dbb f{enr lbdic|'

[en lf~r{ |ighbnk f~{ fgn drnd fj {en bdx xeile edk lfcqn{igh |{d{~{fry jrdcnxfr`|' Ig f{enr |i{~d{ifg|" {enrn i|

gf qrigliqbnk od|i| jfr gf{ nu{ngkigh {en gnx r~bn'

g41 I{ kn|nrzn| rni{nrd{igh {ed{ {en Jrngzibbn knli|ifg igzfbznk dg igkncgi{y lbdic' Ij {en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| ig

Hrf||cdg(| ig{ngknk {f ldrzn f~{ d r~bn jfr d|on|{f|#rnbd{nk lbdic|" fznrr~bigh Jrngzibbn xf~bk gf{ edzn onng

gnln||dry'

g44 Qbdig{ijj| li{n Ig rn H#I Efbkigh|" Igl'" Gf|' 14#:9141" 4?> B'Nk'?k 8; %49941' Ig rndleigh i{| knli|ifg" {en Lf~r{ fqignk {ed{ /PgSf{eigh ig {en Lfg|{i{~{ifg db{nr| {en

j~gkdcng{db r~bn fj (rn{rf|qnl{izn fqnrd{ifg( {ed{ ed| hfznrgnk (PmS~kilidb knli|ifg| ' ' ' jfr gndr d {ef~|dgk yndr|'(/ Ik' d{

9;" 44< \'L{' ?>41 %t~f{igh @~eg z' Jdircfg{ Lfdb Lf'" ?4> ^'\' 14 ^'\' >?9" 444 \'L{'

?;


27/31

|{riq| P{en Lf~r{S fjP--9>S {en t~ig{n||ng{idbby (bnhi|bd{PiznS( qrnrfhd{izn {f cd`n r~bn| fj bdx rn{rfdl{izn fr qrf|qnl{izn

d| P{en Lf~r{S |nnP|S ji{'/ Ik' d{ 9>" 44< \'L{' ?>41 %t~f{igh Hrijji{e z' @ng{~l`y" ;89 ^'\'


28/31

dqqby' Qbdig{ijj|( drh~cng{ jdbb| jbd{ onld~|n ig Hrf||cdg(| dgk _fkrih~n}" {en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| rn{rfdl{iznby

dqqbink {en gnx r~bn fj bdx {f odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh| {ed{ xnrn lfcqbn{n" i'n'" xnrn gf{ fqng' [ei| lf~r{ |nn|

gf ki|{igl{ifg on{xnng {en odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh| ig {ef|n ld|n| dgk {en qrflnnkigh| rnbnzdg{ {f Fxng|

Lfrgigh {ed{ xdrrdg{| d kijjnrng{ rn|~b{'

Xrihe{(| lbdic| ig {ei| ld|n nui|{nk qrn#qn{i{ifg %i'n'" d{ fr onjfrn {en {icn Fxng| Lfrgigh jibnk i{| Ledq{nr 44odg`r~q{ly qn{i{ifg ig ?111) onld~|n |en q~rled|nk dgk ig|{dbbnk ig 4999##qrn#qn{i{ifg##{en Fxng| Lfrgigh |eighbn|

xeile hdzn ri|n {f enr lbdic P-;1dS d||nr{nk ig ?119' Xrihe{(| q~rled|n fj {en |eighbn| fll~rrnk onjfrn ?111" dgk {en

lfgk~l{ hizigh ri|n {f {en igm~ry" i'n'" {en dbbnhnk cdg~jdl{~righ knjnl{| ig {en |eighbn|" nui|{nk d{ {en {icn |en

q~rled|nk dgk ig|{dbbnk {en |eighbn|' Xen{enr |en xd| ~gdxdrn fj {en knjnl{| ~g{ib {en igm~ry cdgijn|{nk i{|nbj ig ?119

i| irrnbnzdg{ ~gknr {en Hrf||cdg(| |{dgkdrk' Xrihe{(| lbdic| drf|n jrfc P--411S {en qrn#qn{i{ifg rnbd{ifg|eiq on{xnng

Xrihe{ dgk Fxng| Lfrgigh'

Xn|{(| lbdic| qrn|ng{ d cfrn ledbbnghigh i||~n= xen{enr {en qf|{#qn{i{ifg q~rled|n dgk ig|{dbbd{ifg fj Fxng|

Lfrgigh |eighbn| ig ?11> hdzn ri|n {f d lbdic {ed{ nui|{nk qrn#lfgjircd{ifg ig ?11:' [en lf~r{ fj dqqndb| ig Hrf||cdg(|

xd| gf{ lfgjrfg{nk xi{e {en i||~n xen{enr d lbdic dri|igh jrfc d qf|{#qn{i{ifg" qrn#lfgjircd{ifg rnbd{ifg|eiq ldg on

ki|ledrhnk ~gknr d lf~r{(| rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg' Hrf||cdg(| n|{dobi|enk {en {n|{ {f kn{nrcign xeng d lbdic nui|{|' [ed{

{n|{ i| bfhildbby nu{ngknk {f kn{nrcign xen{enr d lbdic dri|n| qrn#lfgjircd{ifg' Enrn" ~gknr {ed{ {n|{" i{ i| lbndr {ed{ jfrq~rqf|n| fj {en Odg`r~q{ly Lfkn Xn|{(| lbdic| drf|n ig ?11>'

[en lf~r{ ig Hrf||cdg(| rnbink ~qfg {en Qiqnr{n|{ {f jfrc~bd{n d lfhng{ |{dgkdrk jfr kn{nrcigigh xeng d lbdic

dri|n|' \nn Cfrhdg Fb|fg" BBL z' Jrnknrilf %Ig rn Hr~ccdg Fb|fg Igk~|'" Igl')" ;;> O'_' ?; d{ {en {icn en q~rled|nk dgk ig|{dbbnk {en dbbnhnkby knjnl{izn qrfk~l{'

?' Ki|ledrhn ~gknr {en _nfrhdgi}d{ifg Qbdg

Onld~|n qbdig{ijj|( lbdic| nui|{nk qrn#qn{i{ifg##Xrihe{(| lbdic|##fr qrn#lfgjircd{ifg##Xn|{(| lbdic|" {en lf~r{ c~|{

knlikn xen{enr {enir lbdic| xnrn ki|ledrhnk ~gknr {en rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg' g4> [en rnfrhdgi}d{ifg qbdg qrfzikn| {ed{

/dbb lfg|iknrd{ifg ki|{rio~{nk ~gknr {en Qbdg ' ' ' |edbb on knncnk {f on" P-;?dS ig nuledghn jfr" dgk ig lfcqbn{n

|d{i|jdl{ifg" |n{{bncng{" ki|ledrhn" dgk rnbnd|n fj" dbb Lbdic| ' ' ' rnbd{igh {f dgy fj {en Kno{fr| fr {en _nfrhdgi}nk

Kno{fr| fr {enir rn|qnl{izn N|{d{n| ' ' ' ' / %Knj'(| Dqq'" Nu' N d{ 4:?') g4:

PDS 44 Qnr|fg| |edbb on qrnlb~knk jrfc d||nr{igh dhdig|{ ndle fj {en Kno{fr|" {en _nfrhdgi}nk Kno{fr|

dgk {enir rn|qnl{izn _nbd{nk Qnr|fg| dgy f{enr fr j~r{enr Lbdic| ' ' ' rnbd{igh {f dgy fj {en Kno{fr| fr {en

_nfrhdgi}nk Kno{fr| fr {enir rn|qnl{izn N|{d{n| od|nk ~qfg dgy dl{" fci||ifg" {rdg|dl{ifg fr f{enr

dl{izi{y fj dgy gd{~rn {ed{ P--41


29/31

%Ik' d{ 4:)' %\nn

Knj'(| Dqq'" Nu' N d{ 44#4?')

Ig {en lfgjircd{ifg frknr" {en odg`r~q{ly lf~r{" lfg|i|{ng{ xi{e 44 ^'\'L' 44;4%d)" ~gnt~izfldbby qrfziknk {ed{

dbb lbdic| dri|igh onjfrn {en lfgjircd{ifg kd{n xnrn ki|ledrhnk' %\nn Knj'(| Dqq'" Nu' H d{ 5#9') Onld~|n qbdig{ijj|(

lbdic| drf|n qrn#lfgjircd{ifg" {eny xnrn ki|ledrhnk q~r|~dg{ {f {en lfgjircd{ifg frknr' g48

g48 Qbdig{ijj| |~hhn|{ {ed{ d lbdic| rnqrn|ng{d{izn |ef~bk edzn onng dqqfig{nk k~righ Fxng| Lfcigh(|

odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh| {f qrf{nl{ {en ig{nrn|{| fj j~{~rn ~g`gfxg lrnki{fr| xef kik gf{ rnlnizn dknt~d{n gf{iln'

%\nn Qb'(| \~qqbncng{db Cnc' %NLJ Gf' 54) d{ 9') Xeibn jnknrdb lf~r{| drn gf{ rnt~irnk {f dqqfig{

rnqrn|ng{d{izn| jfr dbb qf{ng{idb bi{ihdg{|" Mfgn| z' Lencn{rfg Lfrq'" ?4? J' O'_' :>1" :>;

%Odg`r'C'K'Jbd'4994))' @gfxg lrnki{fr| drn ng{i{bnk {f dl{~db xri{{ng gf{iln" xeibn k~n qrfln|| jfr ~g`gfxg lbdicdg{|

i| hngnrdbby |d{i|jink {erf~he gf{ijild{ifg oy q~obild{ifg' Ik' D `gfxg lrnki{fr i| /fgn xef|n ikng{i{y i| ni{enr `gfxg fr

(rnd|fgdoby d|lnr{digdobn oy {en kno{fr'(/ Ik' %t~f{igh [~b|d Qrfj(b Lfbbnl{ifg \nrz'" Igl' z' Qfqn" ;5> ^'\' ;85" ;91" 415

\'L{' 4


30/31

hngnrdbby gf{ rnt~irnk' Ik' d{ 1 rnhifgdb fr bfldb

gnx|qdqnr| ig drnd| xenrn Fxng| Lfrgigh edk |ihgijildg{ o~|ign|| fqnrd{ifg| d{ {en {icn fj q~obild{ifg" dgk ig

dqqrfuicd{nby {rdkn q~obild{ifg| ig {en qricdry bign| fj o~|ign|| fqnrd{nk oy Fxng| Lfrgigh' \nn |~qrd qq' :#8'

^gknr Lencn{rfg" {en q~obi|enk gf{iln ig {ei| ld|n |d{i|jink Fxng| Lfcigh(| k~{y {f ~g`gfxg lrnki{fr|" iglb~kigh

qbdig{ijj|" onld~|n dbb rnbnzdg{ cd{{nr| rnhdrkigh {en odg`r~q{ly qrflnnkigh| xnrn P--415S P-;:dS q~obi|enk ig bfldb"

gd{ifgdb" dgk ig{nrgd{ifgdb q~obild{ifg|' g45

g45 Qbdig{ijj| rnby ~qfg Qn{{iofgn Lfrq' z' Qdygn %Ig rn Qn{{iofgn Lfrq') 4>4 O'_' 4:: %Odg`r'G'K'Ibb'499


31/31

^GI[NK \[D[N\ LF^_[ FJ DQQNDB\ JF_ [EN [EI_K LI_L^I[

Gf' 44#?1?:

QD[_ILID X_IHE[0 @NZIG XN\[" FG ONEDBJ FJ [ENC\NBZN\ DGK DBB F[EN_\ \ICIBD_BY

\I[^D[NK" Dqqnbbdg{| z' FXNG\ LF_GIGH

Dqqndb jrfc {en ^gi{nk \{d{n| Ki|{ril{ Lf~r{ jfr {en Xn|{nrg Ki|{ril{ fj Qngg|ybzdgid %K'L' Lizib Dl{ifg Gf'

?#19#lz#14>:8)

Ki|{ril{ M~khn= Efgfrdobn Mfy Jbfxnr| Lfg{i Onjfrn= Cl@NN" Leinj M~khn" \BFZI[N_" \LI_ILD" _NGKNBB"

DCO_F" J^NG[N\" \CI[E" JI\EN_" LEDHD_N\" MF_KDG" ED_KICDG" H_NNGDXDY" Mr'" ZDGD\@IN"

dgk GYHDD_K --" Lirl~i{ M~khn|

-- Zf{n bici{nk {f qdgnb rnendrigh'

QN[I[IFG JF_ _NEND_IGH NG ODGL

[en qn{i{ifg jfr rnendrigh jibnk oy Dqqnbbnn edzigh onng |~oci{{nk {f {en m~khn| xef qdr{iliqd{nk P--441S ig {enknli|ifg fj {ei| Lf~r{" dgk {f dbb {en f{enr dzdibdobn P-;5dS lirl~i{ m~khn| ig dl{izn |nrziln" dgk gf m~khn xef lfgl~rrnk

ig {en knli|ifg edzigh d|`nk jfr rnendrigh" dgk d cdmfri{y fj {en lirl~i{ m~khn| fj {en lirl~i{ ig rnh~bdr dl{izn |nrziln gf{

edzigh zf{nk jfr rnendrigh oy {en lf~r{ ng odgl" {en qn{i{ifg jfr rnendrigh i| KNGINK'

Oy {en Lf~r{"

&|& [efcd| B' Dcorf' Lirl~i{ M~khn

Kd{nk= M~gn 4?" ?14?

QKO&ll= Dbb Lf~g|nb fj _nlfrk

Qdhn

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