GOOD MORNING!

Write a short paragraph answering this prompt.

If you were king or queen of RRHS, how would you rule your kingdom? Are you strong enough to rule your kingdom yourself? If not, which of your friends would you have help you rule? Which areas of the kingdom would you have them rule?

1. Please pick up your answer sheet and a marker from the back table.

2. Please get out your Ch. 10 Key Points.

3. In your notes, please complete the following….

Medieval Europe

FEUDALISM SIMULATION

You are all members of a Western European society living

after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After the

Empire fell, there were various waves of attacks from

Barbarians on the outside. Most feared of all were the

invaders that sailed from Scandinavia in the North. These

fierce warriors were known as Vikings or Danes. They stole

everything they could carry off and destroyed what they

could not. Because there was no central government to

provide protection from these attackers people looked to

powerful lords (nobles) and their bands of knights to

provide protection.

WHO IS THE KING

OR QUEEN?

WHO ARE THE NOBLES?Homage: a feudal ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord

Click icon to add picture

“Oh powerful

monarch, I humbly

request land for

myself and my

family. In return I

will provide

protection and food

for the kingdom.”

“In taking this

oath, I swear to

be loyal to you all

the days of my life

and to never

make war against you.”

As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between king and noble?

WHO ARE THE

KNIGHTS / VASSALS?

Click icon to add picture

Vassal: a person in who received protection and land from a lord in return for loyalty and serviceVassals also gave homage

oaths.

“In exchange for

food and land, I

swear to fight to

the death

defending you and

your manor and the

kingdom.”

“In taking this

oath, I swear to

provide you food

and shelter.”

1. As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between noble and vassal?

2. Is a noble also a vassal? If yes, to whom?

WHO ARE THE

PEASANTS?Serf: a person who belonged to a low social class and who lived and worked on land owned by another person

Click icon to add picture

I will be giving you 10 M&M’s. DO NOT EAT YOUR M&M’s! These represent the food produced on a

manor this year.

What is the

result of the

agreement

between the

serfs and the

vassals?

HOW DID THIS WORK?The serfs will be assigned to a manor. As I assign you, please take your place in your manor with your lord. You may not leave. You are tied to your land for the rest of your life – it is your destiny.

Vassals/Knights: The peasants are paying for protection with their crops. Confiscate 6 M&M’s from each of your peasants.

Vassals/Knights: give 5 of the M&M’s you collected to your noble as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 serfs- you give 10 M&M’s.

Nobles: give 3 M&M’s collected from each Vassal/Knight to the king or queen as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 vassals/knights- you give 6 M&M’s.

Who has the

most

M&M’s?

the least?Fidelity: loyalty.

1. Is this a fair system? Why or why not?

2. What need would the nobles and king have for all the food and material?

3. What choice did the peasants/serfs have?

4. Why did feudalism work?

DEBRIEF

Did the nobles ever try to limit

the power of the kings?

KEY DATES 476 Roman Empire falls in W. Europe 527 Justinian becomes Byzantine Emperor 537 Completion of the Hagia Sophia 570-632 Muhammad[ 622 Islam calendar year 1] 610-635 Koran is compiled 638 Arabs conquer Jerusalem 762-945 Abbasids take power move capital to Baghdad 800 Charlemagne crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” 860 Cyrillic Alphabet 1000 Chinese invent gunpowder 1066 William the Conqueror invades England (end of Anglo-

Saxon England) 1099 Crusades begin – 1st– Crusaders take Jerusalem 1204 Crusaders take Constantinople 1215 King John signs Magna Carta 1348 Black Plague strikes Europe 1378-1417 Great Schism

REVIEW- WHY DID ROME FALL IN WESTERN EUROPE?

Expansion & Decline of the Roman Empire

4TH-5TH CENTURY W. EUROPEUnder control of the Roman EmpireChristian (Edict of Toleration; Emperor Theodosis I)476- Roman Empire collapses in W. Europe• Germanic invasions• Political instability• Economic decline• Population declines

REVIEW- WHY DID ROME FALL IN WESTERN EUROPE? High inflation rates Low agricultural outputs (yields) Population decline Weak political leaders Invasion, invasion, invasion

EARLY MIDDLE AGES C.500-1000 Sometimes called the Dark Ages Influenced by Germanic traditions

Tribal organization- allegiance to the king Warrior society Law

Trials by Ordeal, Combat Wergild

Maintains some institutions from the Roman Empire Christianity

•Merging of Roman and Germanic Tribes•Many Romans maintained their positions of leadership under the Germanic kings• Some Germanic tribes became more Romanized in their traditions

•Germanic society continues to be patriarchal•Women are valued• Dower• Bride price

EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY Missionaries dispatched to Germanic kings The Conversion of Clovis (two different accounts)

http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/496clovis.asp

Conversion of Kent and Northumbria http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/bede1.asp

Activity- Create a comparison chart noting the similarities and differences in the stories of the conversion of the Franks, Kent and Northumbria. How are these stories similar to the conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I? Write a thesis statement and provide supporting details in outline form. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/conv-const.asp

THE FRANKS

Clovis- belongs to the Merovingian

dynasty converts all to Christianity

Charles Martel (the Hammer)- serves as Mayor of the Palace

under the Merovingian kings defeats the Moors at Battle of

Tours in 732

Pepin the Short- overthrows the Merovingian kings starts the Carolingian dynasty granted title of Protector of Rome

by Pope

CHARLEMAGNE768-814

Unifies Europe missi dominici counties/Counts supports

Christianity defends Pope Leo III slaughter of the

Saxons promotes education

* Forms the Holy Roman Empire

CORONATION OF CHARLEMAGNE by Pope Leo 800AD

Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne

Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was round, his eyes very large and animated, nose a little long, hair fair, and face laughing and merry. Thus his appearance was always stately and dignified, whether he was standing or sitting; although his neck was thick and somewhat short, and his belly rather prominent; but the symmetry of the rest of his body concealed these defects. His gait was firm, his whole carriage manly, and his voice clear, but not so strong as his size led one to expect. His health was excellent, except during the four years preceding his death, when he was subject to frequent fevers; at the last he even limped a little with one foot. Even in those years he consulted rather his own inclinations than the advice of physicians, who were almost hateful to him, because they wanted him to give up roasts, to which he was accustomed, and to eat boiled meat instead. In accordance with the national custom, he took frequent exercise on horseback and in the chase, accomplishments in which scarcely any people in the world can equal the Franks. He enjoyed the exhalations from natural warm springs, and often practised swimming, in which he was such an adept that none could surpass him; and hence it was that he built his palace at Aixla-Chapelle, and lived there constantly during his latter years until his death. He used not only to invite his sons to his bath, but his nobles and friends, and now and then a troop of his retinue or body guard, so that a hundred or more persons sometimes bathed with him.

The Song of Roland http://medievalromance.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/The_Song_of_Roland

Old French Translation

Rollant ad mis l'olifan a sa buche, Empeint le ben, par grant vertut le sunet. Halt sunt li pui e la voiz est mult lunge,Granz .XXX. liwes l'oïrent il respundre. Karles l'oït e ses cumpaignes tutes.Ço dist li reis: "Bataille funt nostre hume!" 

Roland has put the horn at his mouth,He places it solidly, with great force he blows it.The mountains are high and the sound carries very far,Thirty long miles away they heard it resonate.Charles heard it, and all his troops.The king spoke these words: "Our troops fight a battle!"

Charlemagne dies in 814.

HRE begins to fall apart.

Son Louis the Pious takes over.

Issues with his coronation

Ineffective ruler Divides kingdom

between his 3 sons (Treaty of Verdun, 843)

Charles the Bald

Louis the German

Lothair

CHARLES MARTELgranted fiefs to warriors in exchange for military support

FIEF/BENEFICE: Complete Estate

**This system is complex, convoluted & confusing.**

POLITICAL, MILITARY, RELIGIOUS, & SOCIAL

Clergy

King

EVERYONE WAS EQUAL IN THE EYES OF THE LORD

Roman Patronage  Roman society also involved a system of

patronage. Members of the upper classes – the patroni – offered protection to freedmen or plebeians, who became their "cliens." Patronage might consist of money, food, or legal help. Traditionally, any freed slaves became the cliens of their former owner. 

~http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/order.html

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT“MANORIAL SYSTEM” The economic arrangement between the

land owner (land lord) and their peasant laborers

MANORPopulation: majority were serfs (legally bound

to the land, but not slaves)Paid rent with a large percentage of their

goods or services to the landlordCompensated with protectioncastle, church, village (mill, blacksmith, bake

house, etc.) and surrounding farmland

A Medieval Manor

ROMANESQUE ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Buildings based on Roman arch

Architecture appears “heavy”

Church interiors were dark

http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&l=en&id_site=84&gallery=1&&maxrows=56

Technological & Agricultural Development• Stirrups (military use by Arabs)• Mold Board (attached to a plow)• 3-field system

The Vikings

Who were they?•Scandinavian•Farmers, seafarers, warriors, traders•Polytheistic

Reasons for raids:•Overpopulation•Wealth•Trade

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc225HP2psw

Where did they settle?• British Isles•Normandy•Iceland•Vinland

OLD ENGLISH

Spoken/written c. 5-12th centuries12-15th centuries- Middle English16th century- present- Modern English

1066: THE BATTLE OF HASTINGSKey figures: William, Duke of Normandy Harold, Duke of Wessex Edward the Confessor, King of

England

Harold Hardrada Tostig Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

Outcomes:• End of Anglo-Saxon traditions•Introduction of feudalism•Blending of French and English languages (leads to development of modern English)•Doomsday book

The Battle:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8

The Records:The Bayeux TapestryAnglo-Saxon Chronicle