WRITING 3MODUL 5 – NARRATIVE 1

Arif Nuryawan– Fall 2014

Tells a story which focuses on an event (or a series of events) in the past.

Organizing your essay in a way that leads up to the main point or event.

Tells a

story

Chrono-logical order

Fictional or

factual Main point

or thesis

Have a

focus

A narrative

1. List the events

- Think about the story you want to tell.- If possible, narrow your focus.- Make a list of all the things that happened.- Read through the list and see if you want to add other events.

2. Put the events in

order

- At this point you should have some ideas of the focus of your essay.- Go through your list and cross out any irrelevant events which.- Now, put numbers next to all the events in the order they occurred.

3. Add details and

specific information

- One paragraph for each of those events you have listed.- Give details for each of the items on your list.- Be sure to include what things looked like and what people said.

OBJECTIVES You are expected to be able to:

Write compositions based on experiences

Write short stories Write circular stories

1 – WRITING EXPERIENCESGrammar: Reported Speech

Points you need to remember: Choose one experience you

remember best. Write a general statement. Give sufficient details. State a conclusion.Conclusi

on

Needs a

strong plan Have

one point

Writing Experiences

Usually written in the first person, however, third person can also be used.

A strong plan

Have one

pointConclu-sion

Grammar: Reported Speech

Reported speech is used to repeat the exact words that somebody said.

- Shirley said that she was hungry and that she wanted to

eat soon.- George told me that he had never been to Iraq but that he

wanted to go.

Rules for Forming Reported Speech

1. When reporting a statement, we generally use that.

NO COMMA

- My mother told me, “You have to work harder at school, or

you’ll fail.”- My mother told me that I had

to work harder or that I would fail.

- Mom asked me if I was going to the

party.- Fred asked me when I

would call him.

2. When reporting a question, we use if for yes/no questions or the appropriate question words (5w+1h) for information questions.

3a. The following verbs must be used with an indirect object:

told, informed, reminded

- He told me that he was hungry.

- We informed her that the store was closed.- He reminded the

staff that the meeting was at 8 PM.

3b. The following verbs may be used with an indirect object, but the indirect object is optional:

asked, answered, promised

- I asked [her] where her father was.

- He answered [me] that he couldn’t

help.- Jade promised [him]

that she would stay.

3c. The following verbs need to before the indirect object. For any verb that needs to before the indirect object, the indirect object is optional:

said, explained, exclaimed, complained

- Marvin said [to his wife] that he was

late.- We explained [to

her] why he had been so serious.

- Pam exclaimed [to the boy] that she

was furious.- The students

complained [to us] that the room was

too small.

4. In English we report commands, orders, requests and suggestions to other people in a five-part format:

Rules for Reporting Questions

5a. The normal form for asking a direct question is [W] X S V:

5b. In reported speech, a question is reported with the order W S [X] V.

Expressions that Change in Reported Speech

6. Certain expressions must change in the reported form of speech:

Tense Harmony or Sequencing

2 – SHORT STORIESGrammar: Past Tense

experiences

A legen

dA

fabricated story

Grammar: Past TenseRegular verb in the Past

TenseRegular verbs in the past tense take an –ed or –d

ending:

Irregular verb in the Past Tense

Irregular verbs do not take an

–ed or –d ending in the past but change internally

3 – CIRCULAR STORIESGrammar: Capital Letters

Circular stories begin and end with the same sentence.

1. Capitalize the first word in every sentence.

2. Capitalize the pronoun I.

3. Capitalize proper nouns.

4. Capitalize the names of persons.

5. Capitalize geographical names.

6. Capitalize names of organizations, business firms, institutions, and government bodies.

7. Capitalize special events and calendar items.

8. Capitalize the names of nationalities, races and religions.

9. Capitalize the brand names of business products.

10. Capitalize the names of ship, planets, monuments, awards, and any other places, things, or events.