WRITING ESSENTIALS

WRITINGESSENTIALS(ACADEMICANDGENERAL–STRATEGIES,SKILLS&ESSENTIALS)

JyotiMalhotra

(B.AHons.M.A.,NET-1,E-Commerce)

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©Copyright:ISBN978-93-505743-7-9Edition:April2015

DedicationI,withduerespectandprofoundprivilege,serenedignityandfoldedhandsdedicatemysmallpieceofresearch program to my devoted and dedicated parents, Mrs. Kiran Malhotra and Mr. PradeepMalhotrafortheirwholesomesupportandtheirdignifiedambiencewhichtheyofferedmetosailtheboatofmylifeonthepathofhardworkanddetermination.Iamreallyverythankfultobothofthemforbloomingmylifewiththeirhumbleambience.

AcknowledgementThereisabigvotebankofthanksinmywholeprojectionofthisprojecttomyworthyparents,Mrs.&Mr.DeepBirla,MyGuide,Mr.ParminderSinghBhogal,CaringBrothers&Sisters-Mrs.&Mr.RohitGandhi,Mrs.&Mr.AmanMalhotraandMrs.&Mr.SandeepMalhotra.Myheartiestthankstomylifepartner,Mr.DeepakMalhotra(husband)andthelittlestepsofmyAngel,DityaMalhotra(daughter).I am reallygrateful tobeapart of theV&SPublisherswho supportmy researchanalysiswith theirexpert team of publishing. I am really very thankful to Mr. Sahil Gupta (Director) and Mr. BinaySrivastavafortheirwholesomecooperationtoconvertmyresearchprogramtoacompletemasterpiece.

RegardsJyotiMalhotra

Publisher’sNoteV&S Publishers has recently ventured into the field of Academic Books with the launch of the GenXSeries. 'Gen X' stands for 'Excellence in Generation 'X'. The series comprises books for aspirants ofvariouscompetitiveexaminations.Hence, followingthesuccessofourpreviousbooks inthisseries,wedecidedtolaunchaseriesofIELTSortheInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystembooksunder this series. The subject has been divided into fivemain partswhich has beengrouped into fivebooksbytheauthor,suchas:IELTSTech-AcademicModule,IELTSTech-WritingEssentials,IELTSTech-VocalCosmetics,IELTSTech-GeneralModuleandIELTSTech-SpeakingEssentialsforthestudents,whoaspiretostudy,workorsettleabroad.ThebooksinthisexclusiveSeriesarewrittenespeciallyfortheIndianstudentswhowishtoappearintheIELTSexams.Mostoftheforeignbooksavailableinthemarketonthissubjecthavebeenwrittenkeepinginviewtheforeignreadersandattimes,mayappearGreektothestudentsfromIndia,primarilybecauseofissuesrelatedtoaccent,grammaticalaspects,spellings,etc.Therefore,theneedforthesebookswasfelt by V&S Publishers and the author's extensive research on this subject was carefully moulded topresentitintheformoffiveperfectbooksonIELTS,specificallyforIndianstudents.EachbookcontainsSkills,StrategiesandGuidelineswritteninasimplemanneralongwithaCDthataccompaniesthebookwhichisalsooneoftheuniquefeaturesofthisSeries.TheCDsare interactiveandillustrativeandpresented inamanner thatevenanaverage studentcangrasp thecontentsandmasterthelanguageeasilyandquickly.So,V&SPublishershopesthatthroughthesebooks,wecanoffertheIELTSaspirants--ASmarterWaytoLearnTechnicalEnglishnationwide.

ContentsDedicationAcknowledgementPublisher’sNotePrefaceChapter1:StrategiesforAcademicWritingTask–1&2Chapter2:WritingTask–1(Academic)

SolvedGraphicalRepresentationPracticeSessionforWritingTask–1

Chapter3:StrategiesforGeneralWritingTask–1&2Chapter4:WritingTask–1(General)

SolvedLetterWritingforTask–1PracticeSessionforWritingTask–1

Chapter5:WritingTask–2(General&Academic)SolvedEssayWritingTask–2PracticeEssayWritingTask–2

Preface

IELTS- TECH - A complete Toolkit for learning, practising and knowing aboutIELTS. As the world is growing smarter, the ways of its learning and gettingeducationalsogetssmarterdaybyday.IELTS-TECH(ATECHNICALTOOLKITOFLEARNING INTERNATIONALLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEM) is alsoactingasasmarter way to learn IELTS via Presentations on its strategies. This toolkitcompletelyclarifiesfoursections.

Reading:This refers to the IELTS aspirants’ development in reading, understanding andrespondingtoawiderangeofspoken,writtenandvisualEnglish texts. It involveslearners’developingunderstandingsofhowtextsareorganisedandhow languagevariesaccordingtothesituation,socialandculturalcontexts,purposeandaudience.

Writing:It refers to the IELTS aspirants’ development in writing a range of texts forinterpersonal, informational and aesthetic purposes. It involves developingwritingskillsincludingtaskresponse,Coherence,LexicalResourceandGrammarskills

Speaking:ThisreferstheIELTSaspirants’developmentinusingspokenStandardEnglishforcommunicationforsocialandschool-basedlearning.Itinvolvesdevelopinglearners’control over Standard English phonology, word and sentence stress, rhythm andintonationandtheinformationconveyedbythesesystems.

Listening:It refers to the IELTS aspirants’ development in understanding spoken StandardEnglish. It focusses on the ability to actively listen for a purpose and involveslearnersbeingabletoselectandapplystrategiestomakemeaninginawiderangeofcontexts.

IELTSTECHSERVESTHEYOUNGASPIRANTSWITHITSTOOLKITOFFIVEBOOKSBOOK1:IELTS-Tech: ItincludesReading,Writing,Speaking,andListeningalongwithitsstrategiestocrackwiththepracticesessions.BOOK2 :WRITINGESSENTIALS : Itwill serve theAcademic andGeneral candidateswithwritingtopics.ThisbookcoversthewiderangeofGraphicalRepresentation,General lettersandfewAcademicandGeneraltopicsofwriting.BOOK 3 : VOCALCOSMETICS AND SPEECHTHERAPY FOR IELTS: This book will enhance thespeaking skills of the candidate. Students will come to know the technical aspect in IELTS related tospeakingtechniqueslikeWordStress,Intonation,Rhythm,Coherence,LexicalResource,Fluency,etc.BOOK 4 : GENERAL MODULE FOR IELTS This book will help the general candidate who areappearing for IELTS. It covers Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening skills with strategies andpracticesessions.BOOK 5 : SPEAKING ESSENTIALS : This will serve both the Academic and General candidatesregardinginterviewsessionsbetweeninterviewerandinterviewee.ItcoversPART-1PersonalInteraction,PART-2Cue-Cards,PART-3FollowupSession.SPECIALATTRACTIONINIELTS-TECHAWARENESS SESSIONS : These powerpoint smart sessions will help the students to build theirideology towards simple topics like Education, Media, Music, Technology, Tourism, Culture, Science,Computers,Health,etc.Theseawarenesssessionsisanendeavourtoraisethestandardsofvocabularyandterminologyoftheaspirants.ThiswillenhancethelexicalresourceforWritingandSpeakingskills.These awareness sessions not only serves Vocabulary Usage but also provides Traditional andContemporaryOutlook,QuotationsandProverbialMatter,AuthorSayings,VolleyofIdiomsandPhrases

relatedtoit...etc.ThissmartCDwillbeprovidedwiththeWritingEssentialsandSpeakingEssentials.SMARTCDOFPOWERPOINTPRESENTATION:IELTS-TECHisasmarttechproductwhichhelptheaspirants to understand the technicalities of the IELTS exams with visual aids. This product is thepackageofstrategiestocrackthefourmodulesofIELTS,i.e.,Reading,Writing,SpeakingandListeningwithitsDo'sandDon'ts.COMPACT DISK OF LISTENING SESSIONS : For enhancing the listening part of the candidate,listeningactivitiesareprovidedintheCDfortheirpractice.

AboutWritingEssentialsIELTS-TECHWRITINGESSENTIALSisananswertothewritingskillsforanIELTSexam.Thisbookcomprisesofthreesections-(i)GraphicalRepresentations,(ii)LetterWriting,(iii)EssaysfortheIELTSExams.Notonlythis,thebookprovidesoneAwarenessCDpresentationtomakethestudentsawareofthevocabularyofcommontopics, its importance in thepresentandthe future, languageusage,etc.Manypracticesessionsarealsoavailableforimprovingthewritingcapacityofthestudent.

ABSTRACTWritingEssentials chapter oneguides the students how to crack task1 (GraphicRepresentation)&Task2(Essaywritingtopics)withitsstrategies&techniques.ItclarifiesstrategiesrelatedtoGraphsi.e.howtointroducethegraph,howtocommentonincreasing&decreasingtrends,concludingaspectof thegraphalongwithwordpower i.e. vocabularyusageor lexical forwritinggraph. similarly thischapteralsoclarifies thestrategies foressaywriting topicswithAnArtofRhetoricalDevices& ‘W’Family.Inthiswaythischapterwillactasaguide&firstapproachtodealwithwritingtaskforIELTS.Certainexamples&tipsareprovidedforthethoroughunderstandingoftheconcept.

Chapter1:StrategiesForAcademicWritingTask-1&2

WRITINGTASK-1

GRAPHICREPRESENTATION

Itisaninformationtransfertaskrelatedtothefactualcontentoftheinputtexts,graphs,tablesordiagrams.Sometimes,youwillhavetodescribeaprocessshowninthediagram.

StrategyNo.1:HowToIntroduceTheGraph

DomentioninthebeginningthatwhichTYPEofgraphitis.i.e.,whetherthegraphisBAR,LINE,PIE,TABLE.DowritetheTITLEofthegraph,i.e.,whattypeofinformationthegraphisconveying.DomentiontheDATE,MONTH&YEARofthegraph.ItisnecessarytodescribetheSCALEofthegraph,i.e.,whetherthegraphismarkedinhundreds,thousands,millions,pounds,dollars,kilograms,tons,meters,kilometers,percentageandsoon.....

StrategyNo.2:HowToDescribeTheGraph

1.NODETAILEDDISCUSSIONNoneedtowritethewholedata,forexample:thereisnoneedtogivereasonsforwhyfiguresaremovingloworhigh.Nospecializedknowledgeorindividualopinionsarerequired.2.DESCRIBETHETRENDSAtrendneedstodescribe,i.e.,howvalueschangegenerallyovertimeanditisimportanttodescribethechangesalongwithsomesortofnumericalvalues.3.INCLUDEALLTHEDETAILSFORSMALLGRAPHSIf there is only one graph and it does not havemuch numerical data in it, then itwill be expected toincludeallornearlyallofthenumericaldetails.4.GROUPINGOFGRAPHSIfthereisanoptionwithtwographs,thenitisnotnecessarytodescribeeverysmallorbigdetailofthenumericaldataasIELTSboundsthecandidatewith150wordstoperformthetask1.Sojustincludethesignificantdetailswhichareworthmentioningandmakeitmorereliableandstabletounderstand.

EXAMPLESHereweareprovidingtheexamplesofdifferenttypesofgraphswhichmaybeaskedintheIELTSexam.Withthehelpofthetipsgivenalongwiththe,graphcandidateswillbeabletosolvetheproblemsmoreaccurately,easilyandspeedily.

Example(Tips):LineGraphDescribethetrendpictorically.Describethemovementofthelinesofthegraphgivingnumericaldetailattheimportantpointsoftheline.Useappropriatevocabularyofgraphicwords.

Example(Tips):BarGraphDescribethehighestvaluetothelowestvalue,OrthelowestvaluetothehighestvalueIftherearemanybars,anindividualcansometimesGroupTogetherfordescription1or2or3barswhichhavesimilarorthesamevalues.Iftherearemanybarsandtheindividualcan'tgroupthem,thendescribetheonesthatarethemostsignificant.

Example(Tips):TableRepresentation

Grade/Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Kindergarten 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8Grades1-2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.1Grades3-4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2Grades5-6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.6Grades7-8 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.5

Describethehighestvaluetothelowestvalue,OrthelowestvaluetothehighestvalueDescribeallthevaluesandsectionsthataresignificanttomention.Useanappropriatevocabularyofwordstodescribethegraph.

Example4(Tips):PieChartDescribethesegmentsandvalues.Be carefulwhilementioning the scale of thePieChart. It is often expressed inPercentages.Butsometimes,scalecanbeexpressedindifferentunits.

Example5(Tips):DescriptionofTheProcessDescribehowsolarradiationcanbeutilizedtoprovidedomestichotwaterandlighting.PROCESS:Withaprocess,youmustdescribehowsomethingworksorhowitismadeorused.OBJECT:Withanobjectorsetofobjects,thecandidatesmustdescribewhatsomethingisorwhatitdoes.Focusontherelationshipbetweenthevariousparts.DATA:Withdatayou,mustdescribechanges,differencesor trends.Focusonwhat theseareandwhy.

StrategyNo.3Ready-MadeStructureForWritingTask-1A.PRESENTINGVISUALS

(a)Asyouwillseefromthisgraph(b)Onthelinegraph,youwillnote:(c)astrongupwardtrendinthesalesofproductA...

▪despiteoccasionalfluctuations...▪withaslightdropduringtheholidayseason...▪withoccasionalvariationsdueto...

(d)theoverallperformanceofproductBisgood▪theinitialsurgeinsaleswasfollowedbyaperiodofslowergrowthinthesecondhalfoftheyear.▪theinstantsuccessoftheproductwasfollowedbyaperiodofstabilizationinthelevelofsales.

B.COMMENTINGTRENDSInthissection,weareprovingthetypicalvocabularytodefinetheincreasinganddecreasingtrendsofthegraph.1.FORINCREASINGTRENDS:

(a)aslight/constant/marked/substantialincreaseinsales(b)anincreaseofabout/roughly/approximately/intheregionof...%(c)alittleover/abovewhatwepredicted-therecovery/upturnbeganin(month)(d)anoverallincreasein...(e)anupwardtrendinthedemandfor...(f)salesreachedrecordlevels/reachedapeakin(month)(g)astrongsurgeinthesalesof...by(month)thefigurehadrisento...

(h)wepredictthatsaleswillsoarinthecomingyear/overthenext...months.2.FORDECREASINGTRENDS:

(a)justunderourtarget

(b)waybelowourexpectations(c)aslight/notable/significantdecreasein(d)adropofabout...%in...(e)aslight/regular/dramaticdecline/reductionin...(f)thedownturnbeganin(month)(g)thesituationbegantodeterioratein(month)(h)thenumberhascontinuedtofall

3.FLUCTUATIONS/VARIATIONS:(a)aslowstartdevelopedintosteadyprogressinsales(b)aninitialupwardtrendwasfollowedby...(c)wenoteslightfluctuationsthroughouttheyear(d)normalseasonalvariationsarethecauseofoccasionaldownwardtrends(e)saleshavebeen(rather)irregular(f)thelevel/theratehasbeenunstablesince...(g)youwillnoteacertaininstabilityintherateof...

C.Conclusions(a)Appropriatemeasuresmustbetaken...(b)Theonlyoptionwehaveisto...(c)Thesechangesareinevitable...(d)Theresult/outcomewillbe...

Verbs Nouns Verbs NounsRise(to) ARise Reduce(to) AReduction(of)Increase(to) AnIncrease ASlumpGoup(to) Grow(to) Growth Levelout ALevellingoutClimb(to) AClimb Nochange NochangeBoom ABoom Remainstable(at) Peak(at) (Reach)apeak(at) Remainsteady(at) Fall(to) AFall(of) Stay(at) Decline(to) ADecline(of) Stayconstant(at) Decrease(to) ADecrease(of) Maintainthesamelevel Dip(to) ADip(of) Drop(to) ADrop(of) GoDown(to) ADJECTIVES ADVERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBSDramatic Dramatically Rapid RapidlySharp Sharply Quick QuicklyHuge Hugely Swift SwiftlyEnormous Enormously Sudden SuddenlySteep Steeply Steady SteadilySubstantial Substantially Gradual GraduallyConsiderable Considerably Slow SlowlySignificant Significantly Marked Markedly

Moderate Moderately

Slight Slightly Small Minimal Minimally

WRITINGTASK-2

StrategyNo.5:StructureForWritingTask-2MagicofRhetoricalDevices(AnArtofWritingEnglish)

Here,weareprovidingoneanexampletoillustrateStrategyNo.5

EXAMPLE

Topic:CrazeforOverseasEducationamongIndiansSTEP1:INTRODUCTIONIntroducethetopic

OverseasEducationistheorderofthedayBetteropportunitiesofdevelopmentinabroadAtrendandprestigeissueCrazeamongPunjabiyoungstersoveradecade

Article:OverseasEducationistheorderoftheday.TheinfluxofIndianstudentstoforeignuniversitiesand colleges is on the rise. Sowhat propels students to study overseas? Is it because of toomuch ofcompetitioninIndia?Orisitbecauseofabetterqualityofeducation?Orisitaglobalexposure?ItwouldbedifficulttopointoutaspecificreasonforwhythegirlnextdoorispackingherbagsandleavingfortheUKtomorrow.ItmightbethefrustratingeducationatsysteminIndia; itmightbefreedomfromhome;shemightevenbedesiringtoaddvaluetoherCVSTEP2:MEANINGInthisstep,studentsareadvisedtoprovidethemeaningofthetopicintheirownindependentvocabularyterms.

ForeignEducation1StudyAbroadDifferentfromAcademicEducation

Article:Overseaseducationisdifferentfromacademiceducation.Inotherwords,itisforeigneducation.Foreignuniversitiesprovideinternationallyrecognizedqualificationsofhigherstandards.STEP3:CAUSESIn this step, students are advised to provide the logic and reasons behind the topic,which include itspositiveandnegativeaspects.

LackofEducational&JobOpportunitiesDefectiveIndianEducationalSystemProperdueisnotgranted.

Article:Now let'sdiscussall those reasonswhyoverseaseducationhas todaybecomea craze for theyoungsters. Itmay be due to lack of educational and job opportunities for the Indian Youth, in India,DefectiveIndianEducationalSystem,ProperDueisNotGrantedAccordingtoWorth,etc.3A.POSITIVE

BecomeaGlobalplayerOpensupopportunitiesininternationalmarketsAddsvaluetoyourCVProvidesenvironmenttoacquireskillsBroadensyourhorizon

Article: Moreover, foreign education offers them international exposure, opens up opportunities ininternational jobmarkets,addsvaluetoyourCV,providesenvironmenttoacquireskills thatyoumightnotlearninadomesticenvironment,andbroadensyourhorizons.Butallthesedoesn'tmeanthatforeigneducationdoesnotsufferfromdefects.3B.NEGATIVE

LossofTalentedYouthandCaliberProblemofRacialismJobsarenotAccordingtoTheirWorth.Step-brotherlyTreatmentTooManyRestrictions,RulesandRegulations

Article:Thebasicdisadvantageofforeigneducationistheproblemofracialism.TherecentattacksonIndiansandtheirill-treatmentbyforeigners.EverydayIndiansarelosingtheirdignityonforeigngrounds.Notonlythis,theyarealsorestrictedtosomanyhardandfastruleswhichcurtailtheindividuallibertyateverystep.STEP4.EFFECTS(CONSEQUENCESOFTHETOPIC)Inthisstep,studentsareadvisedtohighlighttheconsequenceofthetopic.

AcademiceducationwillloseitsgleamTalentgoeswasteDisgracingculturaldignityandhumanityGeniusesofIndiansdisposedofinjustfewdollars

Article:OverseasEducationaffectsAcademicEducation.Itwill loseitsgleamasmostofthetalentsofIndiaareutilisedbyforeigners.Inthisway,thegeniusnessofIndiansisdisposedofinnotime.Moreover,when indians startdoing job there, theyareeven ready to compromisewith theirworthand sell theirlabourinjustfewdollars.ThisreflectsthecrippleattitudeoftheIndianyouthonforeigngrounds.STEP5SOLUTIONSStudentsareadvisedtoprovidesolutionstotheproblems.

ProvideamplejobopportunitiestotheIndianyouthThegovernmentshouldmakesomeparticularstrategyBepatriotictowardsyournationDueaccordingtotheworth

Article:HerethegovernmentcanstepforwardandadoptsomestrategyorpolicytosavethetalentandthecaliberoftheIndianYouthandprovidethemamplejobopportunitiessothattheystopeventhinkingofsettlingabroad.Moreover,rulesandregulationsrelatedtoVisaApplicationshouldberevised.STEP6CONCLUSIONInthisstep,concludethetopicwithcertainvalues,normsandmorals.

Goabroadjusttolearn,nottosettle.EastorWest,Indiaisthebest.Bepatriotic.

Article:Attheend,IwouldliketosaythatOverseasEducationisgoodtolearn,butnottosettle.One-should not forget that education cannot be received but only achievedwith intricate self worth. Thenwhat matters if its an Indian education or foreign education? One should be devoted and dedicatedtowardsone'snationandservethatnationtillhis/herlastbreadth.

StrategyNo.6:‘W’Family

EVALUATIONOF‘W’FAMILYWhenever a candidate wants to write an article, then just before writing think over all the questionsrelatedtothattopic.Thenthenexttaskisjusttofindtheanswerstoallthoseinterrogations:

TOPIC CRAZEFOROVERSEASEDUCATIONAMONGSTUDENTSWhy... OverseasEducation?Who... Willprovideyouoverseaseducation?Where... Peoplegoforoverseaseducation?What... ArethosereasonsbecauseofwhichIndianstudentsprefertostudyabroad?How... Canyoumakeyourfuturesecurebyadoptingoverseaseducation?Band TaskResponse Coherence&Cohesion9 Fullyaddressesallpartsofthetask.

Presentsa fullydevelopedposition inanswerto the question with relevant, fully extendedandwellsupportedideas.

Uses cohesion in such away that it attractsnoattention.Skilfullymanagesparagraphing.

8 Sufficientlyaddressesallpartsofthetask.Presents a well-developed response to theuestion with relevant, extended andsupportingdeas.

Sequencesinformationandideaslogically.Managesallaspectsofcohesionwell.Uses paragraphing sufficiently andappropriately.

7 Addressesallpartsofthetask.Presents, extends and supports the mainideas, but there may be a tendency toovergeneralise, and/or supporting ideas maylackfocus.

Logically organises information and ideas;thereisclearprogressionthroughout.Usesarangeofcohesivedevicesppropriatelyalthough there may be come under foreveruse.Presents a clear central topic within sachparagraph.

6 Addressesallpartsofthetaskalthoughsomeparts may be more fully converted thanothers.Presents a relevant position although theconclusionsmaybecomeunclearorrepetitive.Presents relevant main ideas, but somemaybeinadequatelydevelopedorunclear.

Arranges information and ideas coherentlyandthereisaclearoverallprogression.Uses cohesive devices effectively, butcohesion within and or between sentencesmaybefaultyormechanical.May not always use referencing clearly orappropriately.Usesparagraphing,butnotalwayslogically.

5 Addresses the task only partially, the formatmaybeinappropriateinplaces.Expresses a position, but the development isnotalwaysclear.

Presents informationwith some organizationbut there may be a lack of overallprogression.Makes inadequate, inaccurate or overemphasisingtopics/subjects.

LexicalResource GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy

Usesawiderangeofvocabularywithverynaturaland sophisticated control of lexical features; rareminorerrorsoccuronlyas‘slips’.

Usesawiderangeofstructureswithfullfelexibilityand accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as‘slips’.

Uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently andflexiblytoconveyprecisemeanings.Skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but theremaybeoccasionalinaccuraciesinwordchoiceandcollocation.Produces rare errors in spellings and for wordformations.

Usesawiderangeofstructures.Themajorityofsentencesanderror-free.Makes only very occasional errors orinappropriates.

Usesasufficientrangeofvocabularytoallowsomeflexibilityandprecision.Uses less common lexical items with someawarenessofstyleandcollocation.May produce occasional errors in word choice,spellingsandforwordformations.

Usesavarietyofcomplexstructures.Producesfrequenterror-freesentences.Hasgoodcontrolofgrammarandpunctuationbutmaymakeafewerrors.

Usesanadequaterangeofvocabularyforthetask.Attempts touse less commonvocabularybutwithsome inaccuracy. makes some errors in spellingsand for word formations, but they do not impedecommunication.

Usesamixofsimpleandcomplexsentenceforms.Makes some errors in grammar and punctuation,buttheyrarelyreducecommunication.

Uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this isminimallyadequateforthetask.Maymakenoticeableerrors.

Usesonlyalimitedrangeofstructures.Attempts complex sentences but these tend to belessaccuratethansimplesentences.

ABSTRACTInthischapter,studentswillbeabletostudythesolvedexamplesofgraphicalrepresentationwhichhasbeencollectedfromdifferentsourcesofIELTSpreviousexams.ThissectionwillhelpthestudentstocrackTask1 (GraphicalRepresentation)according to the formatandvocabularywhich isalreadydiscussedinthelastchapter.PracticeSessionforTask1isprovidedinthischapterwhichincludespracticeexercisesrelatedtobarcharts, linegraphs,table,processes,piecharts,etc.Thissessionwillhelpthestudenttomastertheskillsofrepresentinggraphs,whilecrackingtheIELTSexams.

Chapter2:WritingTask1(Academic)

SOLVEDGRAPHICALREPRESENTATIONFORWRITINGTASK-1

GRAPHNO.1

The graph below shows the rates of Smoking in Malaysia by men and women. Write a report,discussingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.yellowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Thegraph compares the rate of smoking inmenandwomen inMalaysia between the years 2000 and2009.Itcanbeclearlyseenthattherateofsmokingforbothmenandwomeniscurrentlydecliningandthatfewerwomenhavesmokedthroughouttheperiod.In2001,600meninevery1,000weresmoking.Thisnumberdecreasedgraduallyto500by2004andcontinuedtodecreasemoresteeplyto250in2009.Incontrast,therateofsmokinginwomenin2000wasverylowatonly80inevery1,000.By2007thisincreasedto170,andincreasedagainbutmoresteeplyto320in2005.Therateoffemalesmokersthenremainedstableat320until2006atwhichpointthefiguresbegantodeclineandhaddroppedto200by2000.Inconclusionwecanseethattherateofsmokinginmendroppedthroughoutthewholeperiodbutwasalwaysatahigherlevelthanthefemalefigures.Therateofsmokinginwomenincreaseduntil2004butthendecreasedfortherestoftheperiod.

GRAPHNO.2

Thechartbelowshowstheamountofleisuretimeenjoyedbymenandwomenofdifferentemploymentstatus.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Thechartshowsthenumberofhoursofleisureenjoyedbymenandwomeninatypicalweekin2009-10,accordingtothegenderandemploymentstatus.Amongthoseemployedfull-time,menonaveragehad50hoursofleisure,whereaswomenhadapproximately37hours.Therewerenofiguresgivenformalepart-timeworkers,butfemalepart-timershad40hoursofleisuretime,onlyslightlymorethanwomeninfull-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in home. In the unemployed and retired categories,leisure time showed an increase for both sexes, asmight have been expected.Here too,men enjoyedmore leisure time,over80hours, compared to70hours forwomen,perhapsonceagain reflecting thefact that women spend more time working in the home than men. Lastly, housewives enjoyedapproximately54hoursofleisure,onaverage.Therewerenofiguresgivenforhousehusbands!Overall,the chart demonstrates that in the categories forwhich statistics onmale leisure timewere available,menenjoyedatleasttenhoursofextraleisuretimecomparedtofemales.

GRAPHNO.3

The diagram below shows the average hours of unpaid work per week done by people in differentcategories.(Unpaidworkreferstosuchactivitiesaschildcareinthehome,houseworkandgardening.)Describe the information presented below, comparing results formen andwomen in the categoriesshown.Suggestreasonsforwhatyousee.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Thediagramreveals that thenumberofhoursperweekspent inunpaidwork isunequallydistributedbetweenmenandwomen.Inhouseholds,wheretherearenochildren,womenarereportedtoworksome30hoursperweekinsuchtasksashouseworkandgardening.Men‘scontributiontotheseunpaidjobsaverages a considerably lower, (around) 18 hours. When children enter the household, however, theinequalitybecomesevenmorepronounced.Infamiliesof1-2children,menmaintainapproximatelythesamenumberofhoursofunpaidworkasinchildlesshouseholds,butthenumberofhourswomenworkinthehomerisesto52perweek,muchofit,nodoubt,duetochildcareresponsibilities.Interestingly,whentherearethreeormorechildreninthehousehold,menarefoundtoworkevenfewerhoursaroundthehouse than before the appearance of the third child. Whereas women's unpaid hours rise toapproximately 56 perweek, the corresponding figure formen, 16, actually represents a decrease.Thedatasuggeststhattheincreasedpresenceofwomeninthepaidworkforcehasyettoleadtoanincreasedroleformenintheirhomes.

GRAPHNO.4

The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in 1994, according to theUnitedNationsstatistics.Describetheinformationshownbelowinyourownwords.Whatimplicationsdotheindicatorshaveforthecountries?Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Indicators Canada Japan Peru ZaireAnnualincomeperperson(in$US) 11100 15760 160 130Lifeexpectancyatbirth 76 78 51 47Dailycaloriesupplyperperson 3326 2846 1927 1749Adultliteracyrate(%) 99 99 68 34

Aglanceatthefourindicatorsofeconomicandsocialconditionsinfourcountries,Canada,Japan,PeruandZairein2011reflectsthegreatdifferencesthatexistbetweenthewealthierandpoorernations.ThetableshowsthatJapanandCanadahadannualincomesof$15760and$11100perperson,respectively.Thesefigureswereoverwhelminglygreaterthanthecorrespondingfiguresof$160inPeruand$130inZaire.Healthindicators,too,reflectedoverall levelsofaffluenceinthefournations.Lifeexpectancyatbirth, for example, was higher among themore economically developed countries. Japan reported thehighestlifeexpectancy,78.ThiswasfollowedbyCanada,76;Peru,51;andZaire,47.ThissuggeststhatrichersocietiesareabletoputmoremoneyintohealthcarethanthepooreronesThe amount of calories consumed daily per person roughly followed the same ranking. Each of theCanadians consumed some 3 326 calories per day, while the Japanese took 2846 calories. ThecorrespondingfiguresforPeruandZairewere1927and1749,respectively.Literacyratesamongadults,too,werehigherinwealthiercountries,nodoubtareflectionofabilitytoinvestineducation.CanadaandJapan both reported literacy rates of 99%, while Peru claimed 68%. Zaire, the least economicallydevelopedofthefourcountries,hadaliteracyrateof34%.Thedataappeartoconfirmtheoftencitedlinkbetweennationalwealth,healthandeducationalstandards.

GRAPHNO.5

Eatingsweet foodsproducesacids in themouth,whichcancause toothdecay. (Highacid levelsaremeasuredby lowpHvalues.)Describe the informationbelowanddiscuss the implications fordentalhealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Acidlevelinthemouthduetoconsumptionofsugar/honey

Timeelapsedaftereatingsugar/honey

Anyonewhohasvisitedadentisthasbeentoldthateatingexcessiveamountsofsweetsrisksharmingtheteeth.ThisisbecausesweetslowerthepHlevelsinthemouthtodangerouslevels.WhenthepHlevelinthemouthiskeptabove5.5,acidityissuchthatteethareunlikelytobeindangerofdecay.Sweetfoods,however,causethepHinthemouthtodropforatime,andthelongerpHlevelsremainbelow5.5,thegreatertheopportunityfordecaytooccur.Bycomparingfruitsugar,canesugarandhoney,whichareallcommoningredientsofsweetfoods,wefindthatcanesugarlowersthepHlevelsforthelongestperiod,thusproducingthegreatestriskofthethree.Approximately,fiveminutesafterconsumingcanesugar,thepHlevelsdroptoaslittleaspH3.5.Theythenbegintoriseslowly,butdonotriseabovethepH5.5,until

atleast30minuteshaveelapsed.Bycontrast,fruitsugar,whichcausesthemouth’saciditytofalltojustabovepH4,posesadangerforashorterperiodastoothdecayisunlikelywithin20minutesafterconsumption.Honeyappearstobeevenlessriskysubstance.ThoughacidityfallstoaboutpH4.75withinfiveminutesofconsumption,itreturnstoabovepH5.5inunder15minutes.Theimplications,then,arethatpeoplewhoinsistoneatingsweetfoodsshouldbeawareoftheingredients,andthatfruitsugarorhoneyappeartobepreferablethancanesugar.

GRAPHNO.6

The graphs below show the numbers of male and female workers in 1995 and 2005 in severalemployment sectors of Melbourne. Write a report for the university lecturuer describing theinformationshown.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Thetwodecadesbetween1995and2005broughtsignificantchangesintherepresentationofwomeninMelbourneworkforce,according to thegraphs. In1995, forexample, some300000menand250000women worked in the communication sector. Ten years later, though the number of men remainedunchanged, the number ofwomen rose to 550 000. A similar situationwas seen in thewholesale andretailtradesector,wherethenumberofwomenrosefromabout550000in1995toalmost800000,twodecades later. The number ofmen in this sector remained stable over the period, at around 700 000.Womenalsomadegainsinboththefinance/bankingindustriesandinthedefence-relatedpublicsector.Whereas,some125000womenworkedinfinanceandbankinginstitutionsin1995,thenumberincreasedto450000by2005.Thenumberofmengrewonlymarginallyfrom425000to480000overthesameperiod. Indefence, thenumberofmendeclinedfrom225000to200000,while thenumberofwomenrosefrom25000toover100000.Twosectorsthatretainedstableemploymentnumbersforbothmenandwomenweremanufacturing,whichhadabout300000womenand650000meninboththesurveyedyears, and the public sector (non-defence), which employed 650 000women and 850 000men. Thus,womenappeartohavemadegainsintheMelbourneworkforce,butnotattheexpenseofmen.

GRAPHNO.7

Thegraphsbelowshowthetypesofmusicalbumspurchasedbypeople inBritainaccordingtoonessexandage.Writeareportdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

The three bar graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK. At firstglance,wesee thatRockmusic is far lesspopular thanPopor Jazzmusic.While slightlymorewomenthanmenbuyPopmusic.TheJazzmarketisdominatedbymenwith30%buyingJazz,comparedto17%ofwomen.Fromthefirstgraph,weseethatinterestinPopmusicissteadyfromage16to44with20%ofthepopulationcontinuingtobuyPopCDsaftertheageof45.TheinterestinJazzmusicreachesitspeakamongthe25to34yearolds,thoughitneversellsaswellasPop.Interestalsodropsoffaftertheageof35withanevensharperfallfromageof45onwards,apatternwhichistheoppositetotheRockmusicgraph.

GRAPHNO.8

Thechartbelowgivesinformationaboutglobalsalesofgamessoftware,CDsandDVDsorvideos.Writeareportdescribingtheinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

Thebarchartshowsthechangesinthesalesofvideomaterials/DVDs,gamessoftwareandCDsaroundtheworldinbillionsofdollarsoverathree-yearperiod.Itcanbeseenthatthesalesofvideos/DVDsandgamessoftwareshaveincreased,whilethesalesofCDshavegonedownslightly.Between2000and2003,thesaleofvideosandDVDsrosebyapproximately13billiondollars.In2000,justunder20billiondollarsworthof these itemsweresold,but in2003, this figurehadrisen toa littleover30billiondollars.Thesales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13billiondollarsin2000tojustunder20billiondollars,threeyearslater.Onthecontrary,duringthesametimeperiod,thesaleofCDsfellfrom35billiondollarsin2000toabout32.5billiondollarsin2003.

GRAPHNO.9

ThediagrambelowshowshowaCentralHeatingSysteminahouseworks.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

ThisdiagramprovidesanoverviewofadomesticCentralHeatingSystem.Itshowshowthetank,boilerandpipesensureaconstantflowofhotwatertoboththeradiatorsandthetaps.Thecoldwaterentersthehouseandisstoredinawaterstoragetankintheroof.Fromthere,itflowsdowntotheboiler,locatedonthegroundfloorofthehouse.Theboiler,whichisfuelledbygasoroil,heatsupthewaterasitpassesthroughit.Thehotwateristhenpumpedaroundthehousethroughasystemofpipesandflowsintotheradiators,locatedindifferentrooms.Thewatercirculatesthroughtheradiators,whichhavesmalltubesinsidethemtohelpdistributetheheat,andthiswarmseachoftherooms.Someofthewaterisdirectedtothetapstoprovidehotwaterforthehouse.Oncethewaterhasbeenthroughthepipesandradiators,itisreturnedtotheboilertobere-heatedandcirculatedaroundthehouseagain.

GRAPHNO.10

ThelinegraphshowstheconsumptionofrenewableenergyinAustraliafrom1975-2000.RenewableEnergyTotalConsumptionandMajorSources,1975-2000.

Writea150-wordreportidentifyingthemaintrendsandmakingcomparisonswhererelevant.

The linegraph showsgrowth in the consumptionof renewable energyduring theperiod1975-2000 inAustralia.Theresultsarealsobrokendownbysource.Thefirstthingtonoteisthattheuseofrenewableenergyhasdoubledovertheperiod,withparticularlystronggrowthinbiofuels.Thissectordidnotexistin1990,butexperiencedasteepriseduringthe2000stooveronequadrillionperyear.Thismadebiofuelsaseriouschallengertobothwoodandhydroelectricpower,whichbothsawonlyalimitedoverallgrowth.Theformergrewsteadilybetween1985and1990,butthenslippedbacktoarounditsoriginallevelof1.8quadrillionBtu.Thelaterbegantheperiodatthesame level as wood, but experiencedmore substantial growth. However, it also fell back to around 2quadrillionBtu,withaparticularlysharpdropinthelate1995.Finally,windpoweremergedlateintheperiodbutshowedagradualrisetoaround0.5quadrillionBtu,suggestingthatit,alongwithotherbiofuels,willreplacewoodandhydroelectricityasthemainsourcesofrenewableenergyinthefuture.

GRAPHNO.11

ThediagrambelowillustratestheCarbonCycleinnature.

Writea150-worddescriptionofthisdiagramfortheuniversitylecturer.

Thediagramshowshowcarbonmovesthroughvariousstagestoformacompletecycle.Thisreportwillgiveabriefdescriptionofthemainstagesinthiscycle.First,wecanseethatenergyfromthesunistransformedintoorganiccarbonthroughaprocessinplantsknownasphotosynthesis.Thisorganiccarbonisthentransferredundergroundwhenplantsandanimalsthatfeedonthem,dieanddecay.Someofthiscarbonistrappedundergroundintheformoffossilsandfossilfuels.Carbonisalsoreleasedbackintotheatmosphere,however,throughvariousmeans.Oneiswhenanimalsand plants respire, and another iswhen humans burn fossil fuels in cars andfactories. All this carbonenterstheatmosphereasCO2.Itisthenreabsorbedbyplantsandthecyclebeginsagain.Overall,wecanseethatcarbonmovesinanaturalcycle,althoughhumanfactorsmaynowbeaffectingthebalance.

GRAPHNO.12

Youshouldspend20minutesonthistask.ThelinegraphbelowgivesinformationabouttheSydneyGoldSales.Writeareportdescribingtheinformationshown.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

SydneyGoldSales2008

The linegraphshowsestimatedsalesofgold inSydney for12months in2008 in thousandsofdollars.Thereweretwomainseasonsforthegoldsales.ThemainseasonforsalesisintheDecembertoMayperiod.Saleswereconsistentlyabove200thousanddollarspermonth,risingsharplytoapeakof350thousanddollarsinMarch.However,forthenextfourmonths,salesdeclinedsteadily,reachinganannuallowof120thousanddollarsinJuly.InAugust,therewasasuddenincrease.Salesalmostdoubled,risingfrom120thousanddollarsinJulyto210thousanddollarsinAugust.ThiswasfollowedbyadropinSeptember,backtotheJulyfigure.FromSeptembertoOctober,salesrecovered, from120to180million. InOctoberandNovember,salesremainedsteady,andtherewasasmallincreaseinDecemberto190thousanddollars.Inconclusion,themainsalesperiodwasintheearlypartoftheyear,slumpinginthesummer,exceptforasuddenincreaseinAugust.

GRAPHNO.13

Youshouldspend20minutesonthistask.ThegraphbelowgivesinformationabouthowforeignstudentschooseuniversitiesforstudiesinUK.Writeareportfortheuniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshown.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

ReasonsforChoosingaUniversity

Thebarchartshows11reasonswhythefirstyearstudentsfromoverseaschooseaparticularuniversity.Thesurveyof1,000firstyearoverseasstudentswascarriedoutatuniversitiesintheUK.Thetopthreereasonsarelanguageoftuition,qualityofteachers,andup-to-dateteachingfacilities.Accordingtothebargraph,themainreasonisthelanguageoftuition.At95%ofthesample,itwasthemain reasonmost students gave for choosing the university. The second biggest factorwas quality ofteachers,at90%,followedbyfacilities,alsoat90%.Non-teaching factorswerealso important.Tuitioncostswerequotedasa reasonby75%,and locationwasmentionedby70%ofstudents.Thecostofaccommodationisalsoanimportantfactorfor80%oftherespondents.Almosttwo-thirdsofstudentssaidthatthefriendlinessoftheuniversitywasalsoimportant.Inconclusion,thevariousfactorscanbedividedintotwogroups,namelythoserelatedtoteachingandnon-teaching.However,themostimportantisthelanguageandtheteachers.

GRAPHNO.14

Youshouldspend20minutesonthis task.Thebarchartbelowshows leisureactivitiesofAustraliankids(boysandgirls)inallthe8dayswhattheyaredoing.Writeareport,decreasingtheinformationshown.Youshouldwrite150words.

Whatkidsaredoing

TheabovebargraphshowsthepreferredleisureactivitiesofAustralianchildrenaged5-14.Asmightbeexpected, it is clear from the data that sedentary pursuits are farmore popular nowadays than activeones.Sedentary10,000childrenthatwereinterviewed,alltheboysandgirlsstatedthattheyenjoyedwatchingTVorvideosintheirsparetime.Inaddition,thesecondmostpopularactivity,attracting80%ofboysand60%ofgirls,wasplayingelectronicorcomputergames.Whilegirlsratedactivities,suchasartandcraft- just under 60% stated that they enjoyed these in their spare time. Only 35% of the boys opted forcreativepastimes.Bike riding, on theotherhand,wasalmostaspopularaselectronicgamesamongstboysand,perhapssurprisingly,almost60%ofthegirlssaidthattheyenjoyedthistoo.Skateboardingwasrelativelylesspopularamongstboththeboysandthegirls,althoughitstillattracted35%oftheboysand25%ofthegirls.

PRACTICESESSION(ACADEMIC)FORWRITINGTASK-1

PRACTICETEST-1

ThetwographsshowthemainsourcesofenergyinAustraliain2000and2010.Writeareportfortheuniversitylecturerdescribingthechangeswhichoccurred.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

PRACTICETEST-2

ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutFavouritePastimesindifferentcities.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

PRACTICETEST-3

Writeareportfortheuniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

ConsumptionofResources

PRACTICETEST-4

Thebarchartbelowshows the resultsofa surveyconductedbyapersonneldepartmentatamajorcompany.Thesurveywascarriedoutontwogroupsofworkers:thoseagedfrom18-30andthoseaged45-60,andshowsfactorsaffectingtheirworkperformance.Writeareportdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

FactorsAffectingWorkPerformance

PRACTICETEST-5

Thechartbelowshowstheestimatedworldliteracyratesbyregionandbygenderfortheyear,2000.Writeareportfordescribingtheinformationbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

EstimatedWorldLiteracyRates,byRegionandbyGender,2000

PRACTICETEST-6

The chart shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 people in selected countries.Writeareportdescribingtheinformationgiven.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

MobilePhonesandLandlines,per100people

PRACTICETEST-7

The graph above show information of employment rates across 6 countries in 2005 and 2010.Summarize the information by choosing and describe the main idea, making comparisons whereappropriate.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

EmploymentRate,byCountry,2005-2010

PRACTICETEST-8

Writeareport for theuniversity lecturerdescribing the informationbelow.Youshouldwriteat least150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

PRACTICETEST-9

WriteareportdescribingtheInformationbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

PRACTICETEST-10

Thediagrambelowshowsthetypicalstagesofconsumergoodsmanufacturing,includingtheprocessbywhichinformationisfedbacktoearlierstagestoenableadjustments.Describetheprocessshownbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Allowyourself20minutesforthistask.

ABSTRACTTheIELTSexamisdividedintotwocategories,oneforGeneralandtheotherforAcademicCandidates.ForGeneralCandidates,theIELTSdemandsLetterWritingSkills.TosatisfytheGeneralCandidate,weare providing some letters for improving their skills for Task - 1 of theGeneral Candidates. Beforesomesolutionsrelatedtoletters,wearenotifyingherecertaintipswhichshouldbefollowedandkeptinmindwhilewritingaletter.

Chapter3:StrategiesforGeneralWritingTask-1&2

WRITINGTASK-1(STRATEGIES)

IntheIELTSGeneralTrainingWritingTestTask1,thescopeofthetaskisfairlylimited.Youcanpractiseextremelysimilar tasks,whichwillgreatlyprepareyoufortheexam.

IELTSWritingTips:TheIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1WritingTestTheIELTSGeneralTrainingWritingTestlastsfor1hourandincludes2tasks.Task1isaletterandyoumustwriteatleast150words.Youshouldspendabout20minutesoutofthehourforTask1.TheTaskfortheIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1WritingThe IELTS General TrainingWriting Task 1 asks you to write a letter of aminimum of 150 words inresponsetosomesituationorproblem.Thetaskwillprobablyaskyoutocomplainaboutsomething,torequestinformation,askforhelp,tomakearrangementsand/orexplainasituation.Allthesearefairlysimilartasks.MarkingfortheIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1WritingTheIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1Writingwillbemarkedinfourareas.Youwillgetamarkfrom1to9onTaskAchievement,Coherence&Cohesion,LexicalResourceandGrammaticalRangeandAccuracy.YourfinalbandforTask1willbeeffectivelyanaverageofthefourmarksawardedintheseareas.Task1writingislessimportantthanTask2andtocalculatethefinalwritingmarks,moreweightisassignedtothe Task 2mark than to Task 1'smark. To get a good overall marks for The IELTS General TrainingWriting,though,boththetaskshavetobewellanswered,don'tholdbackonTask1orgiveyourselftoolittletimetoansweritproperly.ThemarkingsystembelowcanalsobeusedformarkingIELTSPracticeTestsanditisusedtogradetheexamplewritinginourtheIELTSPracticeTests.1.TaskAchievement:Thisiswhereyoucanreallymakeadifferencethroughcarefulpreparation.Thismarkgradesyouonbasically“haveyouansweredthequestion".Itmarkswhetheryouhavecoveredallrequirements of the task suffciently andwhether you presented, highlighted and illustrated the keypointsappropriately.

2.CoherenceandCohesion:Thesetwoareinterrelatedwhichiswhytheyaredonetogether.Cohesionishowyourwritingfitstogether.Doesyourwritingwithitsideasandcontentflowlogically?Coherenceishowyouaremakingyourselfunderstoodandwhetherthereaderofyourwritingunderstandswhatyouaresaying.Anexampleofbadcoherenceandcohesionwouldbeasfollows:

1.Wewenttothebeachbecauseitwasraining.Probably thewriter of this sentencedoesnotmean “because" aspeopledon't usually go to thebeachwhenitisraining.Thewritershouldhavewritten:2.Wewenttothebeachalthoughitwasraining.Sentence1hasmadeacohesionandcoherenceerror(aswellasavocabularyone).“Because"doesnotjointheideasofthesentencetogethercorrectlyand,asaresult,thereaderdoesnotunderstandwhatthewriter wants to say. This is an exaggerated example but it shows what I mean. Good cohesion andcoherenceisnotnoticeableasitallowsthewritingtobereadeasily.Goodcohesionandcoherencealsoincludesgoodandappropriateparagraphusage.3.LexicalResource:Thisarealooksattheyourchoiceofwords.Themarkerwill lookatwhethertherightwordsareusedandwhethertheyareusedattherighttimeintherightplaceandintherightway.Togetagoodmarkshere,thewordchoiceshouldnotonlybeaccuratebutwideranging,naturalandsophisticated.

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy: Here the examiner will mark your appropriate, flexible andaccurateuseofgrammaticalstructures.Manypeopleareworriedabouttheirgrammarbut,asyoucansee,grammarisonlyonesectionofthefourusedtogradeyourwriting.IELTSismuchmoreinterestedincommunicationratherthangrammaticalaccuracy.Itis,ofcourse,stillapartofthemarkingschemeandimportant,assuch.

TipsforWirtingTask11.AnsweringthequestionTaskachievement(answeringthequestion)isonequarterofyourtotalmarksanditisanareainwhicheveryoneshoulddowell.Thisisoften,however,notthecase.Whatyoumustdo is towritea letter,whichwould fullyanswertheneedsof theprobleminareal life

situation.Evenifyouhavecoveredallthatthequestionitselfasks,haveyouincludedeverythingintheletterneededtorealisticallyperformitsfunction?Forexample,aquestionIhaveseensomewheregivesthecandidatethefollowingtask:You have some library books that you are unable to return, as a member of your family inanothercityhasfallenillandyouhavehadtogoandlookafterhim/her.Writealettertothelibraryexplainingthesituation.Apologizefortheinconveniencecalledandsaywhatyouaregoingtodo.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.ThisseemsafairlytypicalIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1writingquestion.AnsweringthequestioninawaythatwillgetyouagoodTaskFulfilmentgradeneedsanumberofthingsforyoutodo.1.Writeatleast150words.Writinglessdoesnotanswerthequestion,whichtellsyoutowriteatleast150words.Ifyouwritelessthan150words,theexaminermarkingyourpaperwillgiveyouamaximumof5forTaskAchievementorevenless.MakingsurethatyouwriteenoughisoneofthevitalthingsyoucandowhenusingtheIELTSPracticeTests.2.Fullydoallthethingsthatthequestionasksyou.Inthiscase,itasksyoutodo3mainthings:1.Explainthesituation2.Apologizefortheinconvenience3.Saywhatyouaregoingtodo

Theimportantpartistofullydothesethings.Don'ttakeonelinetoexplainaboutyourrelative-peoplewho do this often don't make the 150 word limit. Enlarge on what the question tells you. Use yourimagination. Itmustbesomethingfairlyserioustomakeyou leavetownandyoumustbetheonlyonepossibletolookaftertherelative,sogointothesethings.Berealisticaswell.You'rewritingtoalibraryandyouwon'tmakeittoopersonal.Apologizingwon'ttakeupmuchspace,butyou can still devote a couple of sentences to it. Saying what you are going to do should be a fullexplanationaswell.3.Makeyourletterrealisticsoitwouldfunctioninareallifesituation.Thisinvolvesaddingotherthingstotheletter,whichitmaynotaskyoufor,butwithoutwhichyourletterwould not perform its function. For this question, itwouldmean introducing yourself by name, givingyourlibrarycardmembershipnumber,tellingthelibrarythetitlesofthebooksthatyouhaveborrowed,the names of their authors, their library reference numbers,when you borrowed themandwhen theyweredueback.Finally,inthisquestion,thesituationmightinvolveyougettingafineforthelatebooks.So,youcouldaskpolitely for that tobecancelleddue to thecircumstances.Without this information, the letterwouldn'thelpthelibrarymuchinreallifeand,eventhoughthequestiondoesn'taskyouspecificallytoincludeit,theexaminerreadingyourworkwillbelookingforsuchthings.Thesearethingsthatareneededtogeta9 for task fulfilmentand, theoretically,anyone,whatever their levelofEnglish, shouldbeable togetagoodmarkhere.4.TheopeninggreetingoftheletterYourletterwillprobablyneedtobeareasonablyinformallettertoafriendorasemi-formalletter.Theopeningofyourlettershouldreflectwhichoneyouarewriting.AfriendlyletterwillopenwithDearfollowedbyanamewhichshouldthenbefollowedbyacomma,eg:DearJohn,Asemi-formalletterwillalsoopenwithDearandthenbefollowedbyaname,(ifyoudecidethatinthesituationyouwouldknowthename)orbySir(ifit'saman),Madam(ifit'sawoman)orSir/Madamifyoudon'tknow,eg:DearMr.Phillips,DearMrs.Phillips,DearSir,DearMadam,DearSir/Madam,Thequestionalsomightspecifyhowyouaretobeginsofollowwhatitsays.5.TheopeningparagraphoftheletterInasemi-formalletter,Ifeelitisimportanttostatethereasonfortheletterstraightaway.Youcouldusethefollowingtohelpyou:

Iamwritingtoask/tell//informyouthat...Iamwritingtoask/inquire...Iamwritingwithregardto...Iamwritingwithreferenceto...Iamwritinginconnectionwith...Iamwritinginresponseto...Inreplytoyourletter,Iamwritingto...(ifthequestionindicatesthatyouhavehadaletter)Iftheletterisalessformalonetoafriendthenyoushouldopentheletterinafriendlierwaye.g.:DearAnil,Hithere!It'sbeensolongsinceI'veheardfromyou.IhopeyouaredoingwellandIhopeallyoufamilyaredoingfine.I'mprettygoodinspiteofworkinghard.Anyway,thereasonI'mwritingis...6.ThesubstanceoftheletterI've already gone into the details about answering the question fully and using your imagination toproducearealistic letter fulfillingall functionssoIwon'trepeatthat.ThroughagreatexperiencewiththeIELTS,Icansaythatquestionstendtoaskyoutodocertainthings.HereIwillgiveyousomeideasaboutsomelanguagetouseinthesubstanceoftheletterwhichwillhelpyoutoanswerthetaskwell.AskingforhelpIwouldlikeyouto...Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould...Ineedtoaskyouradviceabout...I'dliketoaskforinformationabout...WhatI'mlookingforis...ComplainingI'mwritingtoexpressmydissatisfaction/annoyance/about...I'mwritingtoexpressmyangerat...Iamnothappyabout......isnotwhatIexpected/wasexpecting.Iwanttoknowwhatyouaregoingtodoaboutthissituation.ThankingI'mverygratefulfor...I'dliketothankyouverymuchfor...Iverymuchappreciated...ApologizingI'mverysorrythat/about...Pleaseforgivemefor...I'dliketoapologizeabout...Pleaseacceptmyapologies5.EndingyourletterFirstofall,inEnglishweoftenendlettersbeforethesignoffwithcertainphrases.Thesecanbeincludedinmostlettersandwillmakeyourletterseemrealisticandpolished.Foraformalletter,youcoulduse:Ifyourequireanyfurtherinformation,pleasedonothesitatetocontactme.Thankingyouinadvanceforyourhelp,Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Foramoreinformalletteryoucoulduse:Ifyouneedtoknowanythingelse,justgetintouchwithmeassoonasyoucan.ThanksalotforyourhelpandIhopetohearfromyousoon.Be careful though! IELTS examiners quite rightly look for writing that has been memorised and justrepeatedso, ifyouuseexpressionsliketheonesabove,makesurethattheyfit inwiththerestofyourletter.Finally,you'llneedtosignoffyourletter.Foraformalletter,use:Yoursfaithfully,ORYourssincerely,

Remember,thecommas(itmakesagoodimpressionontheexaminer ifyouusegoodpunctuation)andspell“sincerely"correctly(alotofpeopledon't!).Foraninformalletter,loveisnotalwaysappropriatethoughEnglishspeakersuseitalot.Betterwouldbetouse:Regards,Yours,Bestwishes,OtherHintsfortheIELTSGeneralTrainingTask1Writing1.DON'Tcopyanypartofthequestioninyouranswer.Thisisnotyourownworkandtherefore,willbedisregardedbytheexamineranddeductedfromthewordcount.Youcanuseindividualwords,butbecarefulofusing“chunks"ofthequestiontext.

2.Don'trepeatyourselforthesameideas.Thisgivesabadimpressionandtheexaminerrealisesthatitisn'taddingtothecontentofyourletter.

3.IfyouareweakatEnglishgrammar,trytouseshortsentences.Thisallowsyoutocontrolthegrammarandthemeaningofyourwritingmuchmoreeasilyandcontributestoabettercoherenceandcohesionmark.It'smucheasiertomakethingsclearinaforeignlanguage,ifyoukeepyoursentencesshort!

4.Thinkaboutthetensesofyourverbs.Ifyou'rewritingaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast,yourverbswillneedtobeinthepasttenses.Ifyou'rearrangingsomethinginthefuture,youwillneedtousethefuturetenses.If it'sahabitualaction,you'llneedthepresentsimpletenseandsoon.Ifyouhavetime,aquickcheckofyourverbsattheendoftheexamscanhelpyoufinderrors.

5.Don'tbe irrelevant.Althoughyoucanuseyour imaginationtoexpandonyouranswer, ifanypartofyour letter is totally unrelated to the question, and put into just put up the word count, then theexaminerwillnottakeitintoaccountanddeductitfromthewordcount.

ABSTRACTIELTSGENERALWRITING includes two tasks.Task1 is aGENERALLETTERWRITING/Task2 is aESSAYWRITING.Inthischapter,weareprovidingstrategies(trickstosolvetask1)alongwithsolvedandpracticetasksrelatedtoletterwritingwhichclearlyconvincethestudentsthathowtocracktheTask1inGeneralModule.

Chapter4:WritingTask—1(General)

SOLVEDLETTERWRITINGFORWRITINGTASK-1

LETTER-1

Yourneighbourshaverecentlywrittenyouacomplaintaboutthenoisefromyourflat.Writealettertoyourneighbours.Inyourletter,explainthereasonsforthenoiseandapologise.Describewhatactionsyouwilltakeinfuturetoreducethenoise.

Writeatleast150words.DearSachin,Iwasshockedtogetyourlettersayingthatthenoisefrommyflathasbeenspoilingyoureveningsandcausingyousomedistress.Iamreally,reallysorryaboutthatandIhopeyouwillacceptmyapologies.Asyoumayhaveguessed, Iamtryingtorefitmykitchen in theeveningswhenIgethomefromwork.UnfortunatelyitisallgettinglongerthanexpectedandIhavebeenfacingproblemswithgettingthingstofitproperly.Thishasmeanttoalotofbangingandhammering.Asthekitchenisstillnotfinished,Ihavedecidedtocallinaprofessionalbuildercarpenterwhowillfinishtheworkinthenextdayortwo.He'llworkonlyduringdaytimehours,soyouwon'tbedisturbedintheeveningsagain,Ipromise.Sorrytohavecausedtheseproblems,Apoorv

LETTER-2

Youwillmovetoanewcityforwork.Youknowsomepeoplewholivethere.Askthemforhelpfindingaccommodation.Tellthem,whereyouwouldliketolive.Tellthemthetypeofplaceyouarelookingfor,etc.

Writeatleast150words.DearSir,IwantedtoletyouknowthatIamcomingtolivein(nameofthecity)andIwouldliketoaskifyoucanhelpmewithafewthingsbeforeIarriveandstartmynewjob.Doyou thinkyoucouldgivemeahand findingsomewhere to live? Ideally, Iwould like to liveclose towhere I amgoing to beworking, or in the downtown street. If possible, Iwould like to be near someshops, likeasupermarketoraDVDrentalplace.AsIreally lovesports, itwouldbegreattobenearaparktoo.I'mnottooworriedabouttheplaceitself.Obviously,Iwillbelookingforaflat,ratherthanahouse,asitisjustgoingtobemeandIwon'tbeabletoaffordtoomuch.So,aplacewithonebedroomisfine,butIwould like tohaveaprivatebathroom (not shared),akitchenandsomekindof living room. Itdoesn'tmatter if thekitchen is small,but itwouldnice tohaveone. Iwouldprefer to livesomewherenew,soanythinginamodernapartmentblockwouldbegreat.Thanksforyourhelp,Robin

LETTER-3

Your car is hired from a company and while you are driving on a holiday, you meet with a smallaccident.Youwillhavetowriteareporttothecompanytoexplainit.Youneedtoexplainthefollowing:Whenandwhereyouhiredit?Describehowtheaccidenthappened.Whatkindofactionsdidyoutakeaftertheaccident?

DearSir,IamarecentcustomerofyourrentalcompanyandIrentedacarfromyourdowntownoutlet inSouthDelhi. The car hiredwas an economymodel vehiclewhich I rented fromMarch 21st to the present. Iwouldliketocommendyourcompanyontheirprofessionalismandtheserviceoffered,andassuch,Iamsureyouwillhandlemyincidentwiththesequalities.Unfortunately,Ihadanunavoidableaccidentinvolvingtheaforementionedvehicleandanotherparty.Theaccidentwas causedby theother car failing to stopat the red light of the intersection, Iwaspassingthrough,andassuch,thesecondpartycollidedintothedriver'ssideofmyautomobile.Thepolicewereinformedaboutthemishappening,whereupontheyrecordedinformationregardingtheaccidentandtheotherdriver'sinsurancedetails.Thepoliceestablishedtheotherdriver'sresponsibilityfortheaccident,andthesecondparty'sinsurancecompany has been informed. I would like to request that a replacement vehicle be offered while mycurrentvehicleisincapacitated.Ishallbereallythankfultoyou.Yourssincerely,AkshayAhuja

LETTER-4Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Youhadagoodmealinalocalrestaurantwithyourfamily.Writealettertothenewspapertotellthemaboutit,describethemealyouhad,andwhyyouthinktherestaurantisworth

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.TotheEditor,IamalongstandingmemberofourlocalcommunityandIamwritingarecommendationtoothercitizensforoneofourfineneighbourhooddiningestablishments;TheCyberCafe.Thereweremany impressiveattributeswhichstruckmeuponmyentrance, suchas thedécorand theambience.Iparticularlyenjoyedthelaidbackattitudeoftheplace.Butformymind,itwastheservicealongwiththesizeandqualityoftheportionsthatwasthemostmemorable.The service was professional yet intimate, and along with the sheer quantity of the dishes served,motivatedme to pass onmy recommendation. I enjoyed a steak ofmammoth proportions and a giantfresh,crispsaladaccompaniedbyaselectionofappropriatelyselectedseasonalvegetables.Thepieceofresistance,however,wastherichBlackForestservedasdessert-andallthisforareasonableprice.Ihopeafterreadingthis,potentialcustomerswillfrequenttohavedinnerhere.Yourstruly,TiniAlia

LETTER-5Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Writealettertocomplainaboutasituationinwhichsomeadolescentslettheirdogsrunwildlycausingdangeroussituationsanddescribewhatisthesituation,howthesituationgotundercontrolwhatarethenecessarystepstaken.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.DearSir/Madam,I am writing to draw your attention to a situation that has been developing in my neighbourhood.Recently,Ihavewitnessedmanydogsonthelooseintheneighbourhood.Thedogs,whichare fierce lookingandnotmuzzled,aregiven licensceand freedomtorunaroundtheneighbourhood.Theyare intimidating,especially tochildrenandtheelderly. Iamafraid that it's justamatteroftimebeforesomeonegetsseriouslyinjured.Theownersofthesedogs,abunchofadolescents,seemtobeunawareofthedangersoflettingtheirpetsofftheleashandhaveadoptedanon-chalantattitude.Theteenagershavebeenaskedbynumerouslocalstokeepthedogsundercontrol,butallrequestshavebeenignoredandthesituationhasnotimproved.I,therefore,believethatimmediateactionmustbetakenandrequestyoutoinvestigatethematterandtakeappropriateactionsassoonaspossibletopreventtheoccurrenceofinjuryandseriousbodilyharmtothepeopleinandaroundthelocality.Yourssincerely,ManikChaudhary

LETTER-6

Youorderedanewchequebookfromyourbank,twoweeksago,butyouhavereceivednothing.Writealettertothemanagercomplainingaboutthebadservice.Saywhenandhowyouorderedthechequebook.Askhowmuchlongeryouwillhavetowaitandaskthemanagerwhatactionshewilltakeoverthismatter.

DearSir,IamwritingtocomplainabouttheservicethatIhavereceivedatyourbank.Twoweeksago,Iorderedacheque book by filling out the appropriate form when I visited the bank, but since then, I have notreceivedthechequebookandIhavereceivednoothercorrespondencefromthebank.ItisquiteurgentformeasIhavequiteafewbillsthatIneedtopaythatcanonlybepaidbycheque.Pleasewrite tome as soon as possible and letme know howmuch longer I will have towait formychequebookandpleaseexplainwhyIhavehadtowaitsolong.Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhatactions,youaregoingtotakeregardingthisbadservice.Ihavebeenacustomerofyourbanknowfor15years,andthisisthefirsttimeIhavehadtocomplain.Itisverydisappointing.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yourssincerely,AnilSakeri

LETTER-7

Youwouldliketobuysomeelectricalgoodsatashopinanearbytown.Writealettertotheshopandaskiftheyhavethethingsyouwant,orwhethertheywillbeabletoorderthem.Askwhatthepricesare,andhowlongtheywillbeabletoholdthegoodsforyou.

DearSir,IamwritingtoenquireifyouhavevariouselectricalgoodsthatIwanttobuy.Ihavetriedshopsinmyowntown,buttheydon'thaveexactlywhatIwant.Iwant thenewSonyDVDplayer, (ATablet) and a radiowith longwave capability.Do youhave theseitemsinstockor,ifnot,willyoubeabletoorderthemsoon?Ialsoneedtoknowwhatpriceyouchargefortheseitems?Ifyoudohavethesethings,wouldyoubeabletoholdthemformeandforhowlong?Iamfreethisweekendand,ifyouhavethem,IcancomeoveronSaturdaymorningtopayyouandpickthemup.Pleasewritebacktomeassoonaspossibleattheaboveaddressorcallmeonmymobilenumber(07364957143).Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yourssincerely,SunidhiSingh

LETTER-8

Youhavebeeninvitedtoattendaninterviewforaplacestudyingacourseinacollege.Unfortunately,because of a previous appointment, you cannot come at the time they wish. Write a letter to theadmissions tutorandexplainyourposition.Apologiseandoffer tocomeonanotherdayor later thesameday.Askalso,howlongtheinterviewwillbeandwhethertherewillbeanytestsduringit.

DearSir,Thank you verymuch for your letter dated 15thMay invitingme for an interview at your college onWednesday2ndJuneat10am.IamextremelysorrybutIamunabletocometoaninterviewatthattimebecauseIhaveaMathsexamthatmorning.Icannotmissthisexam,butofcourse,Ireallywishtoattendtheinterviewwithyou.IsitpossiblethatIcouldcometotheinterviewthesamedaybutintheafternoon?Failingthat,Iwouldbeabletocomethenextdayoranydayafter.Iwouldalsoliketoasksomethingsabouttheinterview.Iwouldliketoknowhowlongitwilllastandalsowhether,Iwillberequiredtoclearanytestsduringit.OnceagainIapologisefornotbeingabletoattendtheinterviewatthetimethatyouwantedandIhope,Iwillbeabletomeetwithyouatanothertime.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yourssincerely,SainiKakker

LETTER-9

Afriendofyoursisgoingonholidaysoonandhasaskedyoutorecommendadestination.Writealettertoyourfriendandrecommendagoodplaceforaholidaythatyouhavevisitedbefore.Saywhereyouwent,whereyoustayed,whatyoudidthereandhowwasthefoodlike.

Writeatleast150words.DearAnuj,Thanks foryour letter. I'mgladandhopeyouandyour familyarewell.So,you're thinkingofgoingonholiday in theUK.Well I cancertainly recommendonedestination foryou. Iwentoneyear toaplacecalledLochinver in thenorth-west ofScotland. It'squite a long trip toget there, as it's only about30milesfromthenorthcoast,butit'sworthit.Thereareonlyafewplacestostay.Therearetwohotels,theKirkaigandtheAssyntinthecentreofthetown,andacampsitejustoutsidetown.WestayedattheKirkaigHotelbutIknowyouandyourfamilyarekeencampers,soyoumightpreferthecampingoption.Thereisalottodobutit'sabitdependentontheweather.There'sabeautifulbeach,agolfcourse,thefishing isexcellentand thereare fantastichillsnearby forwalkingamidstamazingscenery. If it'swet,there'sasmallcinemaintownbutthat'saboutall.Takesomeboardgames!The food is typical British in the hotels, but some of the Scottish specialities are fantastic. If you'recampingthough,foodwillbeuptoyou!Anyway,I'vegottogooutnowandpickupthekids.Writeagainifyouneedanymoreinformation.Regards,Simar

LETTER-10

YouhavejustspentaweekendstayingatthePremierInninDubai.Whenyougethomeyoufindthatyouhaveleftabagatthehotel.Describeindetail,whereyouleftthebaganddescribethebagwithyourpersonalrequest.

Writeatleast150wordsonhowyouwouldrecoveryourbag.Spendaround20minutesonthistask.DearMr.Singh,Istayedinyourhotelonthe23rdand24thofOctober.IwasinRoomNo.603.WhenIarrivedhome,IdiscoveredthatIhadleftoneofmybagatthehotel.Couldyoupleasecheckfromyour‘LostandFoundDepartment’andseeifmybagisthere?Thebagisasmallblackleather,documentcasewithanarrowstrap.Insidethebag,youwillfindseveralbusiness cards, a fountain pen, a small address book, three copies of a business proposal and a silverpocketcalculator.Thesethingsarenotveryvaluableintermsofmoney,buttheyhavealotofpersonalvalue.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcontactmeassoonaspossible,particularly,sinceIneedtheproposalsforapresentationthisweek.Ifyoucouldsendthebagtomebycourierservice,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ihavearrangedtopayfortheservice.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yourssincerely,RohanSapra

LETTER-11

Oneofyourfriendswantstoapplyforajobinvolvingworkingwithforeignteenagers.Writealetterofrecommendationforhim/her.

Writeatleast150words.Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.DearSirorMadam,Ihavelearntfromyournewspaperadvertisementthatyourcenterisorganizinganinternationalsummercampforoverseasteenagers,andyouarelookingforabilingualassistanttutortoworkwiththechildren.Iamwritingtoyoutorecommendoneofmybestfriends,VanshikaChaturvedi,forthispost.VanshikaChaturvediusedtobemyclassmateattheDelhiUniversity,whereshewasalreadyaveryactiveorganizerandparticipantinextracurricularactivities.Withheroutstandingleadershipskillsandcheerfulpersonality,shewaselectedchairpersonoftheStudentUnionseveraltimes.Busy as she was, she passed the College English Test Band Six and completed her major - teenagepsychology -withanexcellentschoolrecord.Upongraduation,shewasassignedtobea teacher inaninternational high school inSouthDelhi,where shehas been teachingbilingual lessons for five years.What's more, she loves her job and enjoys working with children. This has won her great popularityamongherstudents.Therefore,Idonothesitatetorecommendherasanidealcandidateforthepostyouadvertised.Iamsureyouwillmakeawisedecisioninhiringher.Yourssincerely,NidhiSingh

LETTER-12

Youwanttoapplyforthefollowingjob.WritealettertoMr.Mooredescribingyourpreviousexperienceandexplainingwhyyouwouldbesuitableforthejob.Waiter/Waitressrequiredforeveningwork.Someexperiencenecessary.

Writeatleast150words.Spendaround20minutesonthistask.DearMr.Moore,Re: (Waitress position) I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for awaitress.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresume,whichfurtherfurnishdetailsofmypreviousexperienceandqualifications.Not only that, as for asmy qualifications and work experience are concerned, it makesme a perfectcandidateforthejob.Mypersonalityiswellsuitedtoworkingasawaitress.Iamaveryfriendlypersonwho canquickly establish rapportwith people of all ages. Inmy lastwaitress job, I had over a dozenrepeatcustomerseachday.And,thefast-pacedenvironmentofwaitingontablessuitsmewell,becauseIthriveonworkingunderpressure.Infact,myformerbosswassurprisedatbothmyincrediblestaminaandefficiencyindealingwithcustomers’orders.Iwouldliketomeetwithyouatyourearliestconvenience,todiscussthepossibilityofworkingatyourrestaurant.Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingyouinthenearfuture.Yourssincerely,SainiTakker

PRACTICESESSIONFORWRITINGTASK–1

1.Youhaveafriendwhoisabouttoentertheuniversity,andhewantsyoutoadvisehimonwhichsubjecttospecialize in -history, inwhichhe isvery interested,orcomputerscience,whichoffersbetter jobprospects.

2.Afterbeinginvolvedinanaccident,youwerelookedafterbyanotherperson.Writeaspeciallettertoexpressyourthanks.

3.Oneofyourpenpalswillshortlybevisitingyourcity.Forsomereasons,youcannotmanagetomeethimattheairportontime.

4.Yourfindthatyourstudyloadistooheavy.Writealettertoyourcollegeteacherexplainingwhyyouneedtowithdrawfromtwocourses.Askifitispossibletoobtainarefund.

5.Aspartofastudentsocialsurveyproject,youareorganizingagrouptovisitahistoricalexhibitioninasmall town. Write a letter asking for information regarding such things, as the contents of theexhibition,andthedatesofitsopeningandclosing,andalso,ifthereareanydiscountsavailable.

6.You live inaroomofacollege,whereyoushare itwithanotherstudent.You find itverydifficult towork there because your roommate always has friends visiting.He/She has parties in the room andsometimes,borrowsyourthingswithoutaskingyou.

7.Write a letter to the AccommodationOfficer at the college and ask for a new room next term. Youwouldpreferasingleroom.Explainyourreasons.

ABSTRACTHere,thecandidatewillgetsolvedexamplesofTask-2forwritingwhichhasbeenshortlistedfromthepreviousexams.ThesesolvedwritingtaskswillhelpinbuildingtheskillsofwritingamongtheIELTScandidates.

Chapter5:WritingTask—2(General&Academic)

SOLVEDESSAYWRITINGTASK-2

TOPICNO.1GROWTHOFCOMPUTERS

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

Schoolchildrenarebecoming far toodependentoncomputers.This ishavinganalarmingeffectonreadingandwritingskills.Teachersneedtoavoidusingcomputersintheclassroomatallcostsandgobacktotheteachingbasicstudyskills.Doyouagreeordisagree?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.Nowadays, modern technology has totally changed our approach to wards study. In many countries,studentsno longerhave to copynotesbyhand from theblackboard; instead the teachergives themaphotocopy.Ratherthanmessyinkandpen,studentspresentatyped-upcopyoftheirassignments.Theircomputer even checks their spellings as theygo. In fact, somepeople believe thatmodern technologydoesalotofourthinkingforusand,asaresult,wearegoingtolooseourabilitytothinkforourselves.Inmyopinion,spellingskillshavedefinitelydeterioratedintherecentyears.Somanytheyoungpeopleusemobilephonestosendtextmessageswherespeedandconcisenessaremoreimportantthanspellingor grammar. Some teachers complain that these students take the same attitude towards theirassignments.Ontheotherhand,typedassignmentsaremucheasiertoread.Frankly,Ifindsomenotesortextswhichare handwritten almost impossible to read. Doctors, for example, have a reputation for illegiblehandwriting, which could lead to disastrousmedical mistakes. Perhaps, it is time we focussed not onhandwriting,butonpresentinginformationasaccuratelyaspossible.OneadvantageofcomputersisthataccesstotheInternethasopenedupanewworldoflearningforus.Wenolongerhavetowaitforabookthathasalreadybeenborrowedfromthelibrarybeforewedoourresearch.Infact,theInternetcanclearlybeusedtoresearchinformationinthesamewayasalibrary,but more conveniently. On the whole, rather than holding students back, I believe that the moderntechnologyhasactuallyimprovedstandardsofeducationconsiderably.

TOPICNO.2UNSUSTAINABLEPOPULATIONGROWTH


Countries, such as China, India and Japan have unsustainable population growths. In fact, manyexpertsareoftheopinionthatthepopulation‘explosion’whichisnowaveryworryingconcern,isthemostseriousthreattolifeonthisplanet.Givesomesuggestionstoaddressthisproblem.

Writeatleast250words.It is true that thepopulation ‘explosion’whichhas takenplaceover the last century, is a very seriousproblem.One of themain reasons for this unacceptable population growth is a lack of understandingabouttheenvironment.Overpopulationisthemajorreasonforwater,soilandairpollution.Itisalsooftenthe cause of starvation and even wars. Experts have put forward many suggestions to address thisproblem.Thefollowingarejustafewofthese.Themostimportantweaponwehavetofightpopulationgrowthiseducation.Thisshouldstartataveryearlyage, i.e., before childrenevengo to school.TVcartoonsandchildren'sprogramscanbeused toeducatetheveryyoung.At,highschoollevel,studentscanbetaughtabouttheproblemmoredirectly.At,universitylevel,scholarshipsshouldbemadeavailabletostudentswhowishtostudyfurtherinthisfield.Internationalexchangegroupsmayalsohelptoincreaseawareness.Anotherimportantmeansofcontrollingpopulationgrowthistodisadvantagepeoplewhohavemorethanone or two children. This can be done, as it is in China, by means of a higher tax. Although it iscontroversial,personswhocomeforwardtobesterilizedcouldbegivenasumofmoney.Itmayalsobepossibletomakeitadvantageousforpeopletohaveonlyonechildbygivingsuchcouplesaspecialtaxdeduction.Itshouldalsobepossibletomakecontraceptiondevicesfreetothepublicandeasilyobtainable.Thisproblemisaverydifficultonetoaddressbutweshouldmakeeveryefforttodoso.Therearemanyotherproblemswhicharerelatedtooverpopulation,suchasincreasingcrime,illiteracyandpollution.Sobyaddressingoneproblem,wewouldbeaddressingtheothersaswell.

TOPICNO.3WORKINGPARENTS


Intoday‘scompetitiveworld,manyfamiliesfinditnecessaryforbothparentstogoouttowork.Whilesome say the children in these families benefit from the additional income, others feel they lacksupportbecauseoftheirparents‘absence.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge orexperience.Writeatleast250words.Inthepast,atypicalfamilyconsistedofafatherwhowentouttoworkandamotherwhostayedathomeandlookedafterthechildren.Nowadays,inthebigtowns,citiesandmetrocities,itisthenormforbothparentstowork.Thissituationcanaffectchildren,bothpositivelyandnegatively.Some people think that the children of working parents are in an advantageous position, where theirparentsareabletoaffordmereluxuries,suchasnewclothes,videogamesormobilephones.Proponentsofthisviewarguethatchildrenareabletoenjoyandexperiencemorefromlifeduetotheirparents’extrawealth,forexample,bygoingonforeignholidays.Ontheotherhand,however,therearethosewhoclaimthatwhenbothparentswork,theirchildrendonotgetenoughsupportandattention,meaningthatthechildrenmightnotdoaswellatschoolbecausethereisnooneathousetoprovidesupportwithsuchthingsashomeworkorexamrevision.Theabsenceofaparentathomecouldmakeiteasierforchildrentogetinvolvedinsuchthingsasdrugsorundertakedrinking.WhenIwasgrowingup,bothmyparentsworkedandIwasalwayswellprovidedfor.Ontheotherhand,IthinkthatitwouldsometimeshavebeenbetterifIcouldhaveseenmoreofmyparents’precious.Inconclusion,Ibelievethatwecannotchangethefactthatbothparentshavetoworknowadays.Itisnotanidealsituation,butifparentssparetimefortheirchildrenintheeveningsandattheweekends,thenthe childrenwill not suffer in anyway. Itmustbe stated that the extra incomegeneratedbyboth theparentsworking,makesforamuchhigherstandardoflivingwhichdefinitelybenefitsthewholefamily.

TOPICNO.4BOOKSvsEXPERIENCE


Ithasbeensaid, “Notevery thing that is learnt iscontained inbooks“Compareand |contrast theknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.“Experienceisthebestteacher”waysanoldcliché,andItotallyagreewithit.Themostimportant,andsometimesthehardest,lessonswelearninlifecomefromourparticipationinsituations.Youcan’learneverythingfromabook.Of course, learning frombooks in a formal educational setting is also valuable. It's in schools thatwelearntheinformationweneedtofunctioninoursociety.Welearnhowtospeakandwriteandunderstandmathematical equations. These are all the informationwe need to live in our communities and earn aliving.Nevertheless, I thinkthat themost important lessonscan'tbetaught; theyhavetobeexperienced.Noonecanteachushowtogetalongwithothersorhowtohaveself-respect.Aswegrowfromchildrenintoteenagers,noonecanteachushowtodealwithpeerpressure.Asweleaveadolescencebehindandentertheadultlife,noonecanteachushowtofallinloveandgetmarried.This shouldn't stop us from looking for guidelines along the way. Teachers and parents are valuablesourcesofadvicewhenwe'reyoung.Asweenterintothenewstagesinourlives,theadvicewereceivefromthemisveryhelpfulbecausetheyhavealreadyhadsimilarexperiences.Butexperiencingourowntriumphsanddisastersisreallytheonlywaytolearnhowtodealwithlife.

TOPICNO.5FOODvsSTANDARDOFLIVINGYoushouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare.Has this change improved theway peoph live?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.The20thcenturyhasbroughtwith itmanyadvances.With thoseadvances,human liveshavechangeddramatically. In someways life isworse, butmostly, it is better.Changes in foodpreparationmethodshaveimprovedourlivesgreatly.Theconvenienceofpreparingfoodtodayisamazing.Evenstoveshavegottentooslowforus.Microwavecookingismucheasier.Wecanpressafewbuttonsandamealiscompletelycookedinjustashorttime.Peopleused tospendhourspreparinganoven-cookedmeal,andnowtheycanuse that time forother,betterthings.Plus,thereareallkindsofportable,prepackagedfoodswecanbuy.Heatthemintheofficemicrowave,andlunchatworkisquickandeasy.Foodpreparationtodayallowsformorevariety.Withrefrigeratorsandfreezers,wecanpreservealotofdifferentfoodsinourhomes.Sincetechnologymakescookingsomuchfaster,peoplearewillingtomakeseveraldishesforevenasmallmeal.Parentsaremorelikelytoletchildrenbepicky,nowthattheycaneasilyheatthemupsomeprepackagedmacaroniandcheeseontheside.Needlesstosay,adultslivinginthesamehousemayhaveverydifferenteatinghabitsaswell.Iftheydon'twanttocookalotofdifferentdishes,it'scommonnowtoeatoutatrestaurantsseveraltimesaweek.Healthfuleatingisalsoeasierthanevernow.Whenpeoplecook,theyusenewfatsubstitutesandcookingspraystocutfatandcalories.Thisreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandhighcholesterol.Additionally,wecanbuyfruitsandvegetablesfresh,frozenorcanned.Theyarealsoeasytoprepare,andsomanyofuseatmoreofthosenutritiousitemsdaily.Ahundredyearsago,youcouldn'timaginetheprocessoftakingsome frozen fruitsand icecreams fromthe freezer,addingsome low-fatyogurt fromaplasticcupandsomejuicefromacanintherefrigerator,andwhippingupalow-fatintheblender!Ourlifestyleisfast,butpeoplestilllikegoodfood.Whatnewfoodpreparationtechnologyhasgivenusismorechoices.Today,wecanpreparefoodthatismoreconvenient,healthier,andofgreatervarietythaneverbeforeinhistory.

TOPICNO.6HAZARDSOFHEALTH


Inmanycountriesoftoday,duetosedentarylifetheeatinghabitsandlifestyleofchildrenaredifferentfromthoseofpreviousgenerations.Somepeoplesaythishashadanegativeeffectontheirhealth.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.There isplentyofevidence to suggest that childrenareoverweightand the situation isgettingworse,accordingtothemedicalexperts.Ifeelthereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Somepeopleblamethefactthatwearesurroundedbyshopssellingunhealthy,fattyfoods,suchaschipsandfriedchicken,atlowprices.Thishascreatedawholegenerationofadultswhohavenevercookedamealforthemselves.Iftherewerefeweroftheserestaurants,thenchildrenwouldnotbetemptedtobuytake-awayfood.There isanotherargumentthatblamestheparents forallowingtheirchildrentobecomeoverweight. Itendtoagreewiththisview,becausegoodeatinghabitsbeginearlyinlife,longbeforechildrenstarttovisitfastfoodoutlets.Ifchildrenaregivenchipsandchocolateratherthannourishingfood,orarealwaysallowedtochoosewhattheyeat,theywillgoforthesweetandsaltyfoodseverytime,andthiswillcarryonthroughouttheirlives.There isa third factor,however,whichcontributes to thesituation.Childrenthesedays takevery littleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheyreachhome,theysitinfrontofthetelevision,orinfrontoftheircomputersandplayvideogames.Thereactivitieswillinturncouchpotatoes.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime,italsogivesthemtimetoeatmorejunkfood.Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.The two views discussed play an equal role in contributing to the problem, but I think, we have toencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellashelpsteeringthemawayfromfastfoodoutletsandbadeatinghabits.Weneedtohaveabalancedapproach.

TOPICNO.7IMPORTANCEOFHOLIDAYS

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

Accordingtothoseinthetravelbusiness,thenatureoftheaverage‘holiday’ischanging.Ratherthanseekinga relaxingbreak in a farawayplace, peoplenowwant excitement on their holidays andarekeentoparticipateinunusualandchallengingactivities.Doyouagreeordisagree?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Holidaysareimportantbecausetheyprovideabreakfromournormaldailyroutineandfromtheworldofwork.Traditionally,holidayshavebeenseenasatimeforrelaxationandasanopportunitytovisitanothercountry inorder to findoutabout itsgeographyandcustoms.Nowadays,however, it seems thatothertypesofholidaysarebecomingpopular.Somepeoplewanttheirholidaytobeakindofadventure,andfindthismoreexcitingthangoingtothebeachorvisitingmuseums.Onanadventureholiday,youmaystayinaquietbasicaccommodation,ratherthanaluxurioushotel.Activitiesmayinvolvethings,suchasbushwalkingorcycling,ormayformpartofanaidprojectdesignedtohelpcommunities inremoteareas.Holidays,suchas thesearepopularwithpeopleofallagesandcanoften,helptopromotetourisminruralenvironments.The increasing popularity of dangerous sports has also boosted the number of adventure holidays; forexample, water sports, mountain climbing or paragliding. These holidays are more popular with theyounger generation, as they can be both physically and mentally demanding. Participants are oftenseekingthesortofthrillsthattheycannotgetinordinarylife.Thereisnowgreaterawarenessofthedamagingeffectsofmasstourismandthismaybeonereasonforthechangingnatureofholidays.Thiscanonlybeagoodthing.Butperhaps,peoplearealsodiscoveringthat it is just as refreshing to take an active holiday, as it is to lie on a beach - though that is still aquestionofpersonalpreference.

TOPICNO.8RIGINALIDEASvsCOPIEDIDEAS


Incertaincases,ithasbeenseen,originalideaswithnewconceptsflourishesmoreascomparedtothecopiedones.Forexample,theconceptofusingsmartmobilephoneshavereallychangedthelivesofthepeople.Sowithoutanydoubt,Imustsayoriginal ideasarefarbetterthanthecopiedones,asitmoreexistablethanthecopiedones.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Icertainlyagreethatpeoplewhocomeupwithnewandoriginalideas;inotherwords,thosewho‘invent’or‘discover’thingsareterriblyimportanttosocietyasawhole.However,Ialsothinkthereisaroleinthesocietyforgoodimitators.Noonewoulddenythatthekeyindividualsmustbethankedforprovidinguswithcertainfacilitiesthatweuseeveryday.Where,wouldwebe, forexample,withoutbasic items,suchasthewashingmachine,thetelevisionand,morerecently,thecomputer?Theseitemsarenowusedsoregularlythatwetendtotakethemforgranted.In fact, the society we live in today has become increasingly consumer-oriented, and while it may bepossible to constantly update and improve consumer goods, not everyone where I live can afford thepricesoftheseinnovations.Furthermore,noteveryonelivesinanareathathasaccessibilitytothelatestmodelsonthemarket.Forthisreason,thereisavaluetobeplacedonbeingabletoprovidegoodcopiesofexpensiveitems.Havingsaidthat,certaininnovationshaveamoreseriousimpactonourlivesthanconsumergoodsandcannoteasilybereplicated.Vitalmedicineslikepenicillinandvaccinesagainstdangerousdiseasesalsoexistbecausepeoplemadecontinualeffortstodevelopthem.Scientificideas,suchastheseenableustolivelongerandescapeillnesses.

TOPICNO.9MEANSOFTRANSPORT


Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingacar.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincluderelevantexamples.Carisamajornecessityandthemost importantmeansoftransport intoday'sworld.Drivinginafour-wheelernotonlyprovidesyouthestatusofaluxuriouslife,butalsoprovidescomfortinallseasonsoflifewhetherinthetimeofemergency,ormovingtoandfroatfaroffplaces,etc.Themainadvantageofthecaristhatitgivesthefreedomtotravelwhenandwhereyouwant,withoutbeinglimitedtofixedroutesandtimetables.Whatismore,youcancarryseveralpassengersandasmuchluggageasyoulike,atnoextracost.Inadditiontothis,youcantravelincomfortinacar,withaseattoyourselfandthepossibilityofcomforts,suchasamusicsystemandairconditioning.On the other hand, owning a car is very expensive. Moreover, the price of the car, the cost of tax,insurance, petrol and repairsmust also be considered before buying.Moreover, the increase in trafficmeans that drivers are spending more and more time stuck in traffic jams. Perhaps, the majordisadvantageofcarsingeneral isthehugedamagethattheydotohumanlifeandtotheenvironment,andallmotoristsmustacceptthattheyaremakingasmallcontributiontothis.Tosumup,haveaccess toanefficientpublic transport system, thenbuyingandrunningyourowncarcouldbeconsideredanexpensiveluxury.

TOPICNO.10NATUREvsNURTURE


Research indicates that the characteristics we have been with have much more influence on ourpersonalityanddevelopmentthananyexperience,wemayhaveinourlives;whichdoyouconsidertobethemajorinfluence?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Today, the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by thegeneticsciences.Wenowunderstandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmorethaneverbefore.Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual'spersonalityanddevelopmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)orbytheenvironment(nurture).Research,relatingtoidenticaltwins,hashighlightedhowsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforan individual's life. Butwhether these characteristics are able to developwithin the personality of anindividual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that theexperiences we have in life are so unpredictable and powerful, that they can boost or override otherinfluences,andthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Instead,thetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationsandexperiencesthatweencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwothatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.Ifthiswerenottrue,wewouldbeabletopredictthebehaviourandcharacterofapersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.Personality is something skin deep. It builds according to the charisma and persona of a person. Itbasically depends upon inwhat type of environmentwe are nurturing. Somepersonality traitswe getfromnature, i.e.,Physicaldevelopmentof thebody, intelligence,sharpness,etc.andsomefromwegetfromnurturinginaparticularfamily,fore.g.iffatherisadoctor,automaticallyhe/shenurturestheirchildtodevelopinthefieldofmedicineitself.Inconclusion,Idonotthinkthateithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonaperson,butthatbothhave powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largelyunpredictableinaperson'slife.

TOPICNO.11PUNISHMENTTOMURDERERS


By punishing murderers with the death penalty, the society is also guilty of committing murder.Therefore,lifeinprisonisabetterpunishmentformurderers.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

You shouldwrite at least 250words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Istronglysupportthedeathpenaltyformurderers.Intoday'ssociety,lifeisveryviolent.Therearemanymentally-illpeoplecommittingcrimesandalmostnothingwillstopthem.Wehaveinterviewedcapturedcriminalswhosay,“Iwasgoingtokillhim,butIknewthatIcouldgetthedeathpenaltyifIdid.SoIjustlefthimthere."Obviously,havingthedeathpenaltysaveslivesandthatmakesapositivedifferencetothesociety.If a criminal does murder someone, and then gets the death penalty, that isn't the society's fault.Everyone knows about the death penalty as a punishment formurder. So, the personwhomurders isreallykillinghimselfatthesametimeheiskillinghisvictim.Themurdererhasmadethechoicetodie.It is important to remember that the death penalty is used only for peoplewho have committed veryseriouscrimes.Forexample,awomanshotapoliceofficerwhenshewastryingtoescapefromjail.Shewasalreadyaconvictedcriminalwhenshecommittedmurder,andshedeservesthedeathpenalty.Ontheother side of the coin, life imprisonment, no doubt is a good punishment formurderers, but in thosecases,whoarereadytoreformthemselvesnotforthosewhoarereadytocommitthesecrimesagainandagain.Apunishmentofdeathpenaltywillsavethesocietyfromthecrueltyofhumanityonthisearth.Peopleneedtoaccepttheresponsibiltiesfortheirrespectiveactions.Punishingmurdererswiththedeathpenaltyisonewaybywhichthesocietycanhelppeopletorealisetheconsequencesoftheirdecisions.

TOPICNO.12COMPETITIONvsCOOPERATION


Somepeoplethinkthatasenseofcompetitioninchildrenshouldbeencouraged.Othersbelievethatchildrenwhoare taught tocooperate rather thancompetebecomemoreusefuladults.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

You shouldwrite at least 250words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Nowadays,thepurposeofeducationisbeingchangedintheMetropolis.Therearesomepeoplewhothinkthat competition in children should be made, also others believe that children who are taught tocooperate become more useful adults. There are advantages and disadvantages for both of thearguments.Tobeginwith,whatisgoodifasenseofcompetitioninchildrenismade?Theycoulddevelopthemselvesmoreandmoreastheylearnandstudyalottowinfromthecompetition.Toprovethis,inmetropolisitispopular-evencommonnow-tohaveatutorwhocomestothestudent'shousetoteachtheextrapiecesofstudyandmakesalotofmoney.Theylearnfasterthanwhattheylearnatschool.Furthermore,duringthevacations,studentsstudyabroadtolearnEnglishforamonthinsteadofreviseschoolwork.Iftheyhaveexperimentssuchasstudyabroad,itisoneofthegreatestpluspointtogotothefamouswell-knownhigh-school.Moreover, thereare fourbigschoolexamsandtwonationalexaminationsto teststudents’levelofstudies.Generally,onlythehighest40%cangotothegoodqualityofhighschoolsandcolleges.Childrenlearnasmuchastheycan,towinthecompetitiontoobtaingoodqualityschools.On theotherhand, as theyarebusy to enter the schools and study individuallywith their own tutors,thereareproblems.Theybecomeselfish.Theybecomecarelessanddon'thelpothersalot if it isaboutstudies.Therewillbenocooperationsamongthem.Butcooperationisnecessarythancompeting.Peopletalkand listen toothers thoughtsand learn.Thesecanalsobeagreatopportunity to learn insteadoflearningalonewithoneteacher.Inconclusion,Istronglyagreethatchildrenshouldbetaughttocooperate,ratherthancompete.Nobodyis perfect. People learn together, work together to develop each other.Therefore, I want parents andteacherstoeducatechildrenconcentratingoncooperation,notcompetingandrankingthem.Anifatall,theseshouldbeacompetitions;itshouldbeahealthycompetition.

TOPICNO.13TRAFFIC&HOUSINGPROBLEMS


Trafficandhousingproblemsinmajorcitiescouldbesolvedbymovinglargecompaniesandfactoriesandtheiremployeestothecountryside.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?

You shouldwrite at least 250words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Thesedayswiththeincreasingurbanpopulations,therearemajorproblemswithcongestionandnotonlytheprice,butalsoavailabilityofaccommodationinlargecitiesoftheworld.Itseemsthatonepossiblesolutioncouldbetorelocatelargecompaniesandfactoriesaswellastheirrespectiveemployeesoutoftheseurbanareas intomoreruralones. Inmyopinion, Istronglyagree that thiswouldhaveadesiredeffectinmakingcitiesmorelivable.Tobeginwith, the traffic problem in cities doesn't only exist fromcommuting employees, but also thegeneralpublictravellingaroundthecity.Whilethismaybeafact,ifthenumberofworkers’vehiclesarereducedoncitystreets,alargepercentageoftrafficwillobviouslydeclineinrushhours.Forexample,thepeakhourtrafficisundoubtedlymadeuplargelyofthestafffromcompaniesgoingtoandfromhome.So,inordertoovercomethetrafficcongestionduringpeakhours,MetroTrainshavetodaybecometheonlysolutionfordailycommuters.Secondly, with regard to housing problems, the population will always continue to grow in cities andtherefore, inadvertently decrease the number of cheap and available apartments. This is certainlyobvious,however,asalargeproportionoftheseapartmentsareoccupiedbyemployeesfromlargefirmsandtheirfamilies.Ifthisworkforceisrelocatedtohousingestatesinthecountry,cityapartmentblockswillfallinpriceandcertainlyincreaseinavailability.Inconclusion,byrelocatingworkerstoruralareastoworkandreside,heavytrafficconditionsandlackofadequateaccommodationincitycentreswillobviouslychangeforthebetter.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Iagreethatthegovernmentshouldenforcesuchalawinordertoincreaseourstandardsoflivinginourhecticcitylifeoftoday.

TOPICNO.14SENIORITYvsMERIT


Companiesshouldencourageemployeeswhoworkinahighpositiontoleaveorretireattheageof55inordertogiveopportunitiestothenewgeneration.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.I totally disagreewith the idea of high-level employees leaving at the age of 55 tomake room for theupcoming generation.While it is true that the energy level and fresh ideas of youth can rejuvenate acompany,thesteadyhandofexperiencecanstillbestguideacompanyinmostcases.InEnglishthereisasaying,“Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks."Inthefast-pacedworldofbusiness,bolsteredbyevenfasterhi-techinnovations,ayoungermorepliantmindwouldseemtobeabletoadaptwithgreaterflexibility,butveryrigidfortheolderonetoadoptit.Take,forexample,theMicrosoft'sBillGates, whose energy and brilliant insights as a youth helped him to pioneer new territories in thecomputer softwareworld and establish a digital empire.Now as amorematureCEO, this kind of the“computer" mountain is constantly on the verge of being knocked down by the upcoming digitalentrepreneurs.However,itisnowtheexperiencehehasaccumulatedasanoldermanwhichkeepshimonthetop.So,combiningthevigourandinnovationofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceoftheolderworkerswouldseemtobethewinninghandintheworldofbusiness.Theassertionistogiveopportunitiestotheyoungergeneration.Ifeveryoneretiresat55,therewillbeasmallerpoolofexperienceatthecompany.So,whowillshowthemtheropesofthetrade?Itwouldbeasifweloppedoffthelastfewchaptersofatextbook.Onthispoint,theargumentwouldseemtobebuiltonfalsepresumptions.And think of all the other problems, retirement at 55 would create. With life expectancy in manyadvancednationsat70-plusyears,howwouldthestatealongwithprivateenterprisesbeabletosupporttheirretirementpensions?Theeconomicrepercussionsofsuchanideacouldbegreat.Meritandcompetitionarethetwopillarsofthewesternsociety,nottheseniority.Soifwedonotagreethat companies shouldnot retire theemployeesat theageof55, then somewhereweare takinghugeturnsfromthepillarsofthewesternsociety.Granted, my counter-arguments are perhaps as simplistic as the original assertion itself, but withoutqualifyingtheassertionwithgreatersupportingevidenceorbackgroundinformation,bothsidescanbeargued.Nevertheless,evenafter thoroughlyconsideringtheargument, IbelieveIwouldstilladheretomyviewpointthattheassertionlacksmeritfortheaforementionedreasons.Besides,whenIam55,Idonot fancy the ideaofbeingputout topasture. I think Iwill stillbe fullofvitalityandhaveadesire towork,soIhopemyworkplacewillviewmeasatreasurehouseofvaluableexperiencetopassalongtothenextgenerationandkeepmeonuntilIamatleast65,ifnotolder.

TOPICNO.15LANGUAGETUSSLE

Youshouldspendaround40minutesonthistask.

Somepeoplethinkthatitisimportanttohaveasinglelanguageasaninternationalofficiallanguage.Othersthinkthatitwillmakeitdifficulttoidentifycountriesandcausealossofculture.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.With the advent of globalisation, a common language to facilitate trade and communication seemsinevitable.Someopposethedevelopmentofasinglelanguageonthegroundsthatitmayleadtoculturalerosionandalossoflocallinguisticknowledge.Yet,Iamoftheopinionthatitispossibletouseanofficialinternationallanguageandstillretainone'sownlanguageandculture.Firstly,manycountriesalreadyuseanofficiallanguageorlanguages.Forexample,inIndiatherearetwoofficiallanguages:HindiandEnglish.Inacountry,suchasIndiawherethereareinnumerablelanguagesspoken,thereisaneedforofficiallanguagestoensurecommunicationbetweendifferentsectionsofthepopulationandthedifferentstates.InChina,wheredifferentdialectsarespoken,Mandarin,theofficiallanguage,enablespeoplefromdifferentprovincestocomprehendeachother.Secondly, in an age of rampant globalisation, there is no doubt that an international language isinevitable. How is an African businessman going to conduct business in China when there are suchdifferences between languages? In this sense, not only is an international language (mother tongue)inevitable, but also a necessity for trade, commerce and economic expansion in the 21st century.Moreover, it also increases tourismand foreign exchange of a particular country also but if there is acommunicationgapi.e.taskofcommonlanguageamongthenations,thenitwouldbereallybehardforeconomicprosperity.Thecriticsopposingtheadoptionofaninternationalofficiallanguagearguethatitwouldleadtoalossofcultural identity. However, the use of an international official language doesn't mean that motherlanguages will die out. For example, English already functions as a kind of unofficial internationallanguage, but this doesn't mean that people solely converse in English, or they neglect their ownlanguage. English is used in specific contexts (trade, business, etc) and native languages are used foreverydayinstructions.Inbrief,astheworldbecomessmaller,theneedforanofficialinternationallanguageseemsunavoidable.Englishhasalreadyassumedthisrole,althoughitsstatus isunofficial. Inmyview,theuseofeitheranofficial or unofficial international language is necessary to facilitate communication in a time of rapidglobalisation.

TOPICNO.16LARGECOMPANYvsSMALLCOMPANY


Somepeopleprefer towork fora largecompany.Othersprefer towork forasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.The issue whether working for a large company is better than working for a small company is acontroversial one. From my everyday experience and observations, I think that every option has itsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ibasemyopiniononthefollowingpoints.Fromtheonesideworkingforalargecompanybringsmanybenefitsandincentives.Firstofall,onehasbettermedical insurance, higher salarywith incentives, and often employees of a large companyhaveless responsibilities.Moreover, they feelmoresecurebecause theircompanyhasmoreclientsand thismeansbetterchancetosurviveonthemodernmarket.However,oneworking fora largecompanyhaslesschancetobepromotedbecauseone'smanagerdoesnotwanttolosehisorherjobunlesssheorheispromoted too.Also, frommyobservations,managersofa largecompanydonotpaymuchattention toone'ssolutionsandsuggestions.From the other side, working for a small company has many advantages too. Firstly, one has betterchancetobepromoted.Secondly,onecantalktotheownerofthecompanyaboutanyimprovementsthatcanbedoneinordertogetmoreprofits.Anotherimportantaspectofworkingforasmallcompanyistheopportunities to find out more about how company works. As a result of this, one can gain moreexperienceandgetbetter recommendations.However, this alsohas somedisadvantages.For instance,onecangetlesssalary,worsemedicalbenefits,etc.Tosumup,Ithinkthateverypersonchoosesforhimselfherselfwhatheorshewants.Ifonewantsbettercareerandmoreresponsibilitiesthenasmallcompanyisabetterchoice.Otherwise,workingforalargecompanymaybeagoodoptiontoo.

TOPICNO.17PERSONAOFCO-WORKERS


Weallworkorwillwork in our jobswithmanydifferent kindsof people. In your opinion,what aresome important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons andspecificexamplestoexplainwhythesecharacteristicsareimportant.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Alargenumberofpeoplespendmostoftheirtimeatwork.Ourlifeisdividedintothreeequalparts:8hours - sleep, 8 hours -work, 8 hours - family time.So, inmost of the cases, one's co-worker plays asignificant role in one's life. From my opinion, the essential characteristics of a co-worker are thefollowing.Firstofall,apersonwhoworkscloselywithmemustlikehisjob.Ithinkitisveryimportantforapersontofeelsatisfiedwithhisjob.Myhusbandisasoftwaredeveloper.Heisfondofhisjobandpeopleenjoyworkingwithhimbecausetheyseehowmuchenergy,heputsintohisjob.Secondby,myco-workermustbepersistentandnevergiveup. I likewhenpeoplewhocameacrossaproblemtrytosolveit,findagooddecisioninsteadoflookingforanotherpersontohanditover.Anotherimportantaspectofthisisthatagoodworkershouldalwaysaskhimself,“Whatcanbeimproved?"andsuggestsnewsolutions.In addition, hemust be a good team player. In themodernworld, good communication skills and theabilitytoworkinateamareamongthecommonpositionrequirements.Personally,Ithinkitisgreattohelpeachother,sharenewideas,developnewsolutions,etc.Ithelpstocreateateamspiritandimprovelabourproductivity.Finally, my co-worker must be punctual. He or she should finish the job on time as I think that isunacceptabletomaketherestofateamwaitwhileapersonfinisheshisorherjob.Also,my“idealco-worker"shouldalwaysbereadytoofferhisorherhelpandbesupportive.Tosummarise,Ithinkifaco-workerpossessesallofthesequalitiesmentionedabove,hecanmakeworkwithhimreallyenjoyableandproductive.

TOPICNO.18CLASSMATESINFLUENCEMORETHANPARENTS


Doyouagreeordisagreewith the followingstatement?Classmateshavemore importance influenceratherthanparentsonachild'ssuccessinschool.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.I cannot completely agree with the statement that classmates are a more important influence thanparentsonachild'ssuccessinschool.Inthisessay,IwillfirstfocusonthereasonswhyIagreewiththisstatementandthenlistafewpoints,whyfrommyopinioninsomecasesthisisnottrue.Fromtheoneside,classmateshaveasignificantinfluenceonachild'sbehaviourandhisorhersuccessinschool.Firstofall,childrenspendmuchtimeatschool.Classmateshavemanythingsincommon,suchasage, interests,homeworkandclassesafterall.So, theydiscuss their impressionsaboutanewteacher,solve problems together, learn their homeworks, gain new knowledge and experience and evenmaketheirowndiscoveries.Sharingallthesemakesthemcloser.Someofthembecomefriendsandtheyspendafter-school time together. In addition, friends tend to copy each other's habits and manners. Forinstance,mylittlesisterbecamefriendswiththegirlwhodidnothavegoodgradesatschoolatthattime.Itdoesnotmeanshecouldnothavebettergrades;shejusthadmanyfriendswhodidnotcareabouttheirgrades. So, when they began to spend their time together and share their interests, the girl's gradesimproved.Theydidtheirhomeworktogether,sharedtheirdreamsandexcitingmoments.Fromthispoint,Imustagreethatclassmatescandefinitelychangeachild'sattitudetowardsschool.Ontheotherhand,parentstoohaveagreat influenceonchildren’successes inschool.Forexample, ifparents show due interest in their child's progress and talk to him or her about the importance oflearning,Ithinktheirchildwilllistentothemanddohisorherbest.Personally, I believe that relationships between parents and a child play an essential role in a child'ssuccessinschool.Iftheserelationshipsarecloseandwholehearted,Iamsurethatparentsshouldnotbeafraidofbadinfluencefromtheoutside.

TOPICNO.19IMPROVETHEISOLATEDLIVESOFCITIES


With the increasingnumberofpeople incities,mostdonotknowtheirneighboursand thesenseofcommunityislost.Whatiscausingthis?Howcanweturnitaround?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Thelifeofpeopleinthecity,unlikeinthecountryside,isgenerallycharacterisedbyalackofcommunityfeeling.Anumberofreasonscanbeattributedtothistendencyamongcitydwellers.Thissituationcanbeaddressed effectively if certain proactive steps are taken by the urban population. One of the majorreasonsfortheisolatedlifestyle incities isthebusyscheduleofpeopleduetoextendedworkinghoursandlongcommutingtime.Toexplainitfurther,manybusinessfirmsincitiesdemandtheiremployeestoworkbeyond theusualhoursowing toheavy traffic congestiongetting to and fro fromwork is a timeconsumingaffair.Evenathome,peopleneedtobeengagedintheirhouseholdchores,whichleavethemwithhardlyanytimetointeractevenwiththeirimmediateneighbours.Furthermore, the ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity of people in cities, who come from differentpartsofacountryorevenothernations,doescreateserioushurdlesforeasysocialisation.Forinstance,in a city likeBangalore presently Bengalura, in India, people from all parts of the countrywho speakdifferentlanguagesliveinthesameapartmentbuilding.Thismakesitdifficultforthemtointeracteasilywitheachother.Anidealwaytodealwiththisproblemistoencouragepeopletovisittheirneighboursonweekendsandmakefriendswiththem.Forexample,occasionally,peoplewholivenextdoorcanbeinvitedfordinneroraspecialoccasion,whichcanimprovetheinteractionwiththem.Joiningneighbourhoodculturalforumsandcharitygroupsisanothereffectivemethodtocreateasenseofcommunityamongthecitydwellers.For example, families that live in apartments or housing colonies can form associations and meetoccasionallytoworkforthewelfareoftheneighbourhood.Finally,usingacommonlanguagelikeEnglishfor communication is also every useful. Such initiatives can definitely enhance a sense of unity andincreasesocialisationamongpeoplewholiveincities.

TOPICNO.20SHOULDEDUCATIONBEFREE?


Alleducation,primary,secondaryandfurthereducation,shouldbefreetoallpeopleandpaidforbythegovernment.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.The opinion that every citizen should have the right to study at school or university for free is a verycontroversialone.Those,whodisagree,refertotheenormousexpendituresofthegovernmentincaseofestablishing such laws. Although, I hold the viewpoint that not charging people for education couldbecomeverybeneficialforthecountryanditseconomy.Firstly,youngpeoplefrompoorfamiliescouldbeverysmart.Lookingbacktohistoryandbiographiesofdistinguished people, raised in poverty can illustrate this best. Making schooling available only forfortunateisnotfair.Moreover,thestatewell-beingcouldalsobeaffected,becausetherewouldbealackoftalentedspecialists,whoseskillswerenotdiscoveredanddevelopedbypropertraining.Anotheradvantageofmakingeducationfreeofchargeishappinessofthenation.Inabilityofindividualstocollecttherequiredamountofmoneyneededtopayschooloruniversityfeescausesstressandanxietyofthemiddle-classsociety,whichcanevenkeepthemfromhavingchildren.Nowadays,wecanseethatthelowestbirthrateis incountrieswherepricesofenrollmenttohighereducationinstitutionsareveryhigh.Thisclearlyindicatesthefactthatcitizensofrichcountriesaregenerallynotabletoprovidetheirfutureoffspringspropereducation.Finally, nothing seems to bemore beneficial to economy than an intelligent nation. Free courses andstudyprogramscanprepareexcellentspecialists,whowouldworktobringprofitthemselvesandhencetheir respectivecountries.Thatwouldsurelycompensatemostexpensesof thestatebudgetcausedbyeducationofnocharge.Tosumup,eventhoughmakingallschoolsfreecanbeveryexpensiveforthestateeconomy,advantagesareinvaluable.Afterseveralyears,suchimprovementswouldbringfruitsofhappiness,andanintelligentnationconfidentaboutitsfuture.

TOPICNO.21CANTVTEACHPEOPLE?


Somepeople say that television is a veryuseful toolwhen it comes toeducation.Othersargue thattelevisionisamuchoverused,ineffectiveteacher.Discussbothoftheseviewsandgiveyouropinionastotheusefulnessoftelevisionasaneducationaltool.

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldwriteatleast250words.ThereisalotofcontroversyaboutwhetherTVcanplayaroleasateacher.Somepeopleholdaviewpointthat it can never be educational at all.Others, although, disagree, referring to TV's high potentials ofteachingthroughamusement.Asamatteroffact,televisionnowdays,canhardlybecallededucational.Allthosetalkshowsandsoapoperas, we can see every day are completely wastage of time and can even have negative effects bydistractingyounganddisciplinedpeoplefromtheirstudies.Moreover,mostofthesocallededucationalprogrammesliketheNationalGeographicChannelcannotreplacebooksandacademiclecturesbecausetheytendtoentertainpeopleandnothaveanaimtogivedeepandconcentratedknowledge.Hovewer, TV can be a powerfulmeans of delivering information and an effective part of the learningprocess.Educationalmethodologistshaveprovedthatmoresensesareinvolvedatthetimeofstudying,themoreeffectiveresultscanbeachieved.Televisionproducesbothpictureandsound,soitsusefulnessis obvious. Many teachers already use this facility actively by showing students audio/video cassetteswhich go as supplementary material to many language courses. So why not broadcast such moviesthroughtelevision?Theproblemofineffectivenessoftelevisionaseducationaltoolisinfact,notaproblemofthetelevisionitself, but of people who decide the content of a particular channel. It is hardly unlikely that contentdirectors would abandon their high profits and change the talk shows to lectures and video-lessons.Therefore, those,who insist on TV's uselessnessmaybe right, but let us not forget that as technologyimproves, new cheapways of broadcasting, for instance, video podcasts have also come up. They canprovetobeanexclusivepoweroflearningtool,suchasthetelevision.

TOPICNO.22WHOLEARNSLANGUAGESBETTER-CHILDRENORADULTS?


Somepeoplethinkchildrenaremoresuccessfulinstudyingforeignlanguagesthanadults.Discuss.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Theviewpointthatchildrenarebetterlearnersbecomealmostacommonsense,althoughitisnotalwaystrueintermsoflearningforeignlanguages.Whenitcomestomakeanapproachto,forexample,JapaneseorFrench,adultshaveproventhemselvessuperior learners because of their experience of getting knowledge of their own language and theirperformanceisgenerallybettermotivated.Every adult has some amount of education it their past and it means he she has already received ageneral understanding of the structure of a native language. Thus, thismore or less categorised baseusuallyservesasatemplateforforeigngrammarorvocabulary.Apersononlyhastoplacenewmaterialsoncertain shelves inhismemoryandoperate them like theirown language.Children, in contrast, areusually confused by any grammar, even of their own country. Bringing foreign language to curriculumadds embarrassment because they do not have sufficient understanding of grammatical or semanticcategoriesandcannotbringtoordersuchhugeamountsofinformation.Grown-upsalsoappeartobemoreenthusiasticaboutlanguagestudies.Asamatteroffact,thisskillforthemisatoolthatcanbeusedtoachievecareergoals.Obviously,moremotivatedindividualsdobetter,andevenifhis/herabilitiesaremodest,throughpractice,successcancomeveryfastandlotofsuccessstories can prove it. Kids, though, usually consider second language lessons as fun or, otherwise,something boring and, even if they tend to absorb knowledge like sponges, without use, it rapidlydisappears.Withnoproperencouragement,youngstersjustdonotknowtheyhavetopractisenewwordsandgrammarinordernottoforgetthem.Thus,while,itwouldnotbeamistaketosuggestchildrenarenaturallybetterlearners,letusnotforgetthatadultsareusuallybettersuitedtolanguagestudies.

TOPICNO.23STUDYING&WORKINGTOGETHER


Somepeoplethinkhighschoolgraduatesshouldtravelorworkforaperiodoftimeinsteadofgoingdirectlytostudyattheuniversity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofboththeapproaches.

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldwriteatleast250words.There is a considerable controversy about what young people should do after receiving graduationcertificate of the high school. The majority holds the viewpoint that obtaining an university degreeimmediately after school is the only option to become successful and an established person. Others,however, tend to disagree; in their opinion after finishing school, an individual should receive anopportunitytoseetheworldortryhis/herskillsonjob.Ononehand,thebasicknowledge,thatcomesintopossessionofapupilatschoolshouldbepreservedand receive futher development at the university. Human brain forgets facts rapidly, especially those,whicharenotinuse.Inthecaseofmakingalongpausebetweengraduationfromschoolandenrollingtoauniversity,thepersonmaybecomeunabletopasstheadmissionexams.On the other hand, on job trainingmay provide an opportunity of receiving experience and choosingcareer before deciding the sphere, inwhich studentwants to obtain higher education. For instance, ayoung person can try his skills of management, working as an assistant manager in a small shop. Inaddition,thatcouldalsohelphimtounderstandifthisworkisreallywhathedesiresandpreventfrommakinganexpensivemistakeofchoosingawrongfield.Anotheroptionofunderstandingsomeone'sneedsistravelling.Thisisaperfectwaytoseetheworldanddifferentprofessionsinuse.Aperson,whohasneverbeeninruralareascouldbecharmed,forexample,bytheromanticismofcheesemakingandcometoadecisiontomakegenuinemilkproductsallhislife.Tosumup,therearesomewaysdifferentfromthestandardschemeofgoingtotheuniversityrightafterschool and they should not be overlooked. Personally, I think thatwhichever option a person chooses,timebeforetheuniversityshouldnotbewastedonentertainmentorparties.Itisessentialtouseitwisely,thinkingaboutthefuture.

TOPICNO.24THEPROBLEMOFWASTE


Nowadays,weareproducingmoreandmorerubbish.Whydoyouthinkthisishappening?Whatcangovernmentsdotohelpreducetheamountofrubbishproduced?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.In our highly industrialized era, there is a growing awareness about the excessive amounts of trashpeopleareproducing.Weareabouttobefloodedbydifferenttypesofgarbageifcertainmeasuresarenottaken.Tobeginwith,differentfoodproducersdecidedthattheirproductswillbesellingbetteriftheywillpacktheminsmall-sizedboxesandpackets.Thesecolourfulandattractivepacksgostraighttothetrashcan,andthenumberofpacksaregrowingalongwiththeconsuminggrowth.More consuming produces more waste. Government and businesses encourage more consumptionbecause it leads to high profits and development of the state economy. They are not interested in thesituationwhetheraperson isgoingtousesomething fora longtime.Society isbeingbombardedwithcommercials,pleadingtobuy,forinstance,anewmobilephone.Buyingnewthingscausethrowingawaytheold,evengoodthings.Theproblemofgarbageisverycomplicated.Aswecansee,thegovernmentisnotinterestedinreducingconsumption. Thus, the responsibility has to be taken by the individuals and the non-governmentalorganizations.Certainlaws,regulatingthepercentageofpackagingmaterialpertonofproductshouldbeestablished. Moreover, interesting programs, involving people to participate can be developed. Forexample,bonusesfornotaskingforaplasticbaginsupermarketsorforbuyingextralargepacksoffood.Inaddition,everyoneshouldbecomeconcernedaboutthefutureofhumanbeingsandourplanet.Ifwedonotwishtobeburiedinrubbish,weshouldthinktwicebeforebuyingthingswedonotneed.

TOPICNO.25DOINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESLEADTO

SOCIALPROBLEMS?Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

TheageofInformationTechnologyhastakenalotofpeoplebysurprise.Whileithasbecomeawayoflifeforsome,othersknowverylittleaboutitandmaybeunlikelytolearn.Eventually,wewillhaveapolarisedsocietyandthiswillleadtoserioussocialproblems.Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Ourhighlyinformatizederahasbecomeshockformanyofus.Atthetimeonepartofsocietyusesnewmeans of information very actively, the other people stay in the dark without any chance tomake anapproachtounderstandingnewtechnologies.Thereisarisingawarenessofthisproblemwhichhaveapotentialdangerofslicingthesocietyintotwopartswhichwouldneverunderstandeachother.Itisafactthatmanyofoureverydayactivitiesbecameavailableforcomputerusersonly.Forexample,ifyouareauniversitystudent,youaresupposedtosubmityourtermpaperastypedandprinteddocument,they no longer accept hand written papers. Furthermore, some manufacturers do not distributeinformationleaflets,butgiveawebsiteaddressoftheirproducts'onpacks.ThusonlytheInternetuserscanhaveanaccess to theproductdetails.The lastbutnot the least, computerskillsbecameacrucialrequirement for employment in urban areas. The IT sector has completely convert the society into apolarisedone.Itmakestheindividualmoreisolatedthanintonetworking.Thosewhocomprehendwiththeworldoftechnologycanbeconnectedwitheachother,butforthosewhomeverythingisGreekleadanisolatedlife.Forexample,theinhabitantsofruralareasdonotneednewmeansofacquiringinformation.Theirworkand everyday activities do not demand using computers. For example, a farmer can use radio to hearnewsandordinarymailstocommunicate.Taking intoaccount the fact thatnoteverycitizencanusenew information technologies,governmentswould not change the traditional ways of interaction with their people. It is very much unlikely thatpeople would no longer have a possibility to vote by filling papers by hand or do other activities,importantfortheircitizenship.Informatizationofsocietyaffectedthose,whohaveaneedofinstantinformationexchange.People,whoselifestyle do not require any haste in communication have an opportunity to use traditionalways. I amassuredthataslongassituationdoesnotmakeotherstochangetheirwayoffagainsttheirwill,thereisnoriskoffacingserioussocialproblem?;-WritingEssentials

TOPICNO.26ANIMALS:TOUSEORNOTTOUSE?


Animalsshouldnotbeusedforthebenefitofhumanbeings,unlessthereisevidencethatanimalsdonotsufferinanyway.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Thereisalotofcontroversyaboutusinganimalsforhumanneeds.Animalrightsactivistsaretryingtostop all modern and traditional activities, which involve killing animals or cause their suffering.Traditionalistsaretryingtoconvincethecommunitythatusinglivingcreaturesformen'sneedsisnaturalandcannotbeavoidedineverydaylife.Activists,whodefendanimalrights,aretellingtheworldthatpeopleshouldnotuseanimalsinanyway.Moreover,theysaythatanimalsshouldhaveexactlysamerightsashumansdo.Thereasonisthatpeopleandanimalsarebothlivingcreaturesandthereshouldn'tbeanydifferenceintreatingthem.Therearesomeextremevegetarianswhorefusetoeatany foodofanimalorigin,evenmilkorhoney.Theytry toconvincepeopletodothesameusingasanargumentthatkillinganimalsandkeepingthemincaptivitycausetheirsufferingandit'snotacivilizedaction.Traditionalists disagree with the statement that humans should stop killing animals or using them tofulfilltheirneeds.Fromtheverybeginningofhumancivilization,thereisatraditionandvitalneedtouseanimals as food and their parts in traditional crafts. Without proteins and vitamins of animal origin,human bodywouldn't receive all the nutrients it needs.Moreover, testing somemedicines on animalsalreadyhelpedtofightmanydiseasespeoplesufferedfrom.Ithink,peoplehavethemoralrighttouseanimalstotheirbenefit,tosomeextent.Iamsure,weshouldnotcausethemtosufferanddieforourfun.Although,usinganimalsforfoodisnaturalforhumansasapredator,butascivilizedpredators,weshouldmakesuretouseonlyhumanewaysofkilling.

TOPICNO.27SPACERESEARCHORFIGHTINGDISEASES?


Governmentsaroundtheworldarespendingbillionsinsupportofspaceprograms.Thismoneywouldbebetterspentonresearchintheimprovementofhumanhealth.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.There isanopinion thatcountriesarespendinga lotof theircashassetsonspaceprojects,while theyshouldratherfinancemedicalsciencesufficiently.SpaceshipsareflyingallovertheUniverseandatthesametimepeoplearedyingfromAIDSorevenflu.Isthereanypointofthrowingmoneyintotheouterspace?Ononehand,humansreallyhavenotfoughtmanydangerousandhighlycontagiousdiseases.Moreover,industrializationandeconomicalprogressbroughtnewdiseasesasaresultofreceivingmorecomfortablelives.Someoftheselifestylediseasesdiabetes,cardiovascularproblems,etc.Inaddition,launchingjustonespaceshuttle intotheskyrequiressomanynaturalresourcesandbringssomuchpollution,whichaffects ecology a lot. That brings us new health issues, that need additional funding, which could bewithdrawnfromexcessivepaymentsforspaceresearch.Moreover, scientists already have fund raising from commercial pharmaceutical companies. A lot ofdiseaseshavebeenfoughtinjustlast100yearsandthereisanincreaseinthelifeexpectancyofhumanbeings. However, improved health and long life of human population leads to a new problem -overpopulation.SpaceresearchcanhelptofindanewhomeforEarth'sinhabitants.Thelast,butnottheleast,couldbethatwhoknows,thereisachancewemayfindonotherplanetsapanaceaforalldiseases.Asforme,Iamnotaveryhealthypersonandnoraremyparents.However,ifthereisaone,verysmallchance,thatsomethingexcitingwillhappenandastronautswillmeetaliencivilizationonotherplanets,Iwould be happy that the government a considerable amount of money on space research. We haveovercrowdedourplanetandthereissomuchofairandsoundpollutionthatweshouldsearchforwaysofexpandingourhabitat.

TOPICNO.28COMPUTERGAMESOROUTDOORSPORTS?


Childrentodayaretoomuchdependentoncomputersandelectronicentertainment.Itwouldbebetterfor themtobeoutsideplayingsportsandtakingpart inmore traditionalpastimes thanspendingalldayindoors.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Togetherwithcomputerizationofoursociety,thereisarisingpublicawarenessaboutkids,whospendtoomuchtimeinfrontofpersonalcomputerorplayingvideogames.What isbestforchildrenistodevotetheirfreetimetooutdooractivitiesandconventionalgamesortobeathomeandentertainthemselveswithcomputers?SometypesofPCgamescanbevery innovativeandmaycontainhugeeducationalpotential.Theycanencouragechildrentodevelopresearchingskillsandinspirethemtolearnnewthings.However,mostofthe video games are dumb-type,which develop nothing but button-pushing skills.Unfortunately, thesegamesareusuallyhighlyaddictive.Thus, theycancause the lackofphysicalactivityandevenseriousmentaldiseases.Outdoorgamesarealwaysmorebeneficialforkids’health.Theynotonlytrainthemintermsifagilityandendurance,butteachchildrentosocializeandmakefriends.Moreover,theymakethemstrongerbecauseof fresh air, physical activity and exposure to the sunlight. Therefore, physical activity in the form ofgamesandsportsismustfortheoveralldevelopmentofchildren.Iwasnotveryoutgoingandphysicallyactivekidandpreferredrathertoreadthantoplaywithothers.Getting a computer broughtmore diversity formy leisure and study. It helpedme to experience newemotions, learn new things, study English and meet interesting people online. An aptitude for highinformationtechnologieshelpedmetogetagoodjobwhenIgrowup.Therefore,Ithinkparentsshouldlook to their child's personality in order to decide what is more appropriate. Finding good balancebetween electronic entertainment and outdoor games depends on parents’ ability to identify whatbenefitstheirchildbest.

TOPICNO.29ASSETSOFMODERNWORLD-BOONORBANE


Computers, televisions and internet, these are some of the necessary assets in our contemporaryworld.Itseemsthattheworldwithoutmediasourceswouldcometoahaltinstantaneously.Analysefea"dfedesires.deof.moderntechnology.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Computers,nowadaysarethemajorattractionsinanymarket,likeofficeshomesorbusinessesorstocks.Ithasdefinitelychangedtheworldwelivein.Withinventofthismagnificentdevice,peoplehaverealizedthebenefitsoftechnology,whichistomakeliveseasierandcomfortable,inthistechnologicalera.Evenifyouaska3yearsoldchildhowtooperateacomputer,answerwilldefinitelybepositive.Generally speaking, computers are helping our communities in numerous ways. People have becomemore aware of technology, resulting in increased cognizance. Computers are assisting us in factorieswhere operations are completely autonomous. In offices, computers help us to manage our data andinformation.Thus,computershaveactuallychangedourworld.According to some researches done in America, there have been reports that using computers areharmfultoourwellbeing.Accordingtoannualspublishedbackin2006,workingoncomputersfor longhourscontinuously,canleadtostressanddepression.Inadditiontothat,peopletendtogainweightastheyworkoncomputersalldaylong.Furthermore,workingoncomputersformorethanfourhourscanleadtodecreaseineyesight.Butthisisnotall,bytheinventionofinternet;minorshaveaneasyaccesstoexplicitmaterialsonline.Inadditiontothat,E-mailfraudsarealltimeatahighrate.Inmyopinion,everytechnologyhassomebenefitsandsomedrawbacks,justlikethemedicalpillswhichhavesideeffects.Itisourdiscretionbecausethechoiceisours.Itdependsuponus,whichsidetochoosefrom,theconstructivesideoftechnologyorthedestructiveside.

TOPICNO.30VIRTUESOFHUMANITY


Allpeopleglorifyandenthusiasticallytalkabouthumanvirtuesandmorality,yet fewpeopleactuallyliveuptothem.Whatisyouropinion?Doyouagreeordisagree?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.AnaccordancetotheaboveparableaboutconversationandfollowinghumanvirtuesandethicsIwouldliketoquoteaproverbs“Earlytobed,earlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise"whichpeoplesaybutdon'tfollow.Dotheyreallyrepresentwhatwecalledhumannature?Undoubtedly,theyarenot.Theanswer isdisparaging,anddepreciating in the truesense inapragmaticway.Thesegarrulous, socalledhighprofiledpeople, lackprinciples themselves. They canbe considered as thequintessence ofincorrigibleliars.Theexamplesofthesepeoplecanbefoundeverywhere,takeforinstance,anesteemedpolitician,theyknowhowtoconvincepeopleatthetimeofvoting,butafterelections,wherearethosepromises,moralitiesandmerits.Theirtalkisreallyapretence,butdotheyreallyapplyalltothemselves?Anotherexamplecanwehadof thosepeoplewhotalkaboutbanning fashionshowsas it isnotupourintrinsicworth,butinreality,theyaretheonewhowatchthesewithfullpropagation.Thequestionherearisesthatwhereisthemoralitythen,onlyinwords?Exceptionsarealwaysthere,nointerrogationsinit,butexceptionsarerare.Statisticsindicatetheoutof100people,approximately,85arenotfollowingwhattheyaresayingtoothers.Sowhereisthemorality,onlyinlectures?Thistraditionsimplyindicatesthatwearecamouflagingourweaknessesoveroursins.In the nutshell, we can say that if forgiveness is divine, why people are giving capital punishment toothers? People talk about human merits and principles but they themselves don't practise what theypreach, isn't it disgusting? They live on the rules that rules are for others not for themselves. In myopinion,thesepeopleareadisgrace/stigmatothesociety.

TOPICNO.31TEACHINGOFFOREIGNLANGUAGEFROMCHILDHOOD


Shouldforeignlanguagesbeencouragedfromkindergarten?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Nothing concrete can be had without aspiration, inspiration, andperspiration Language is a mode ofcommunicationbywhichwecanexpressourideas,emotions,etc.onapieceofpaperorotherwise.ApartfromthenativelanguagestaughtinschoolsandalliedinstitutionsIstronglyfeelthatforeignlanguagesshouldbeencouragedfromthekindergartenitself.Toillustratemyabovementionedviewpoint,Iwouldliketoquotesomeexamples.Asweoftenknowthatchildrenarethebackboneforanydevelopingnation.Soiftheyarestrongthenationwillprogress.Iftheyknow foreign languages, they won't face any difficulty whenever they go abroad, and hence, willunderstandtheircultureandtechnologywell.Secondly,weoftentalkabouttheworld,whichweconsideras a global village bonded by one single theme, love. So encouraging foreign languages from thekindergartenitselfwillpromotethistheme,asthestudents/professionalswon'thaveanymisconceptionregardingotherlanguage.Tosupportmyviewpointfurther,Iwouldliketoaddthatpromotingforeignlanguagesfromthebeginningwillhelpstudentlearnnewthings,andtheywilldevelopthemselvesintowell-definedprofessionalsandcitizens. Even society will acknowledge them as urban elites. This will bring an ingenious attitude inthem.Theywon'tbefeelingguiltyiftheycometofacesuchasituationcalledlanguagebarrier.Moreover,thisboostingof foreign languageat thekindergartenstagewillgeneratea feelingofonenessandmaysimulateforeigncurrencygrowth.Inanutshell, Icansaythat language(written,oralorsymbolic) isthesolewaytoexpressyourself.Soencouragingforeignlanguagewillnotbringadditionalburdentochildrenorkindergartens,butthiswillreally help in proliferating their career and undoubtedly, strengthen a nation's stronghold, apart fromgeneratingthefeelingofoneness.

TOPICNO.32BANONSMOKING


Smokinginpublicplacesshouldbebanned,whatisyourviewpoint,doyouagreeordisagree?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Banonsmokinginpublicplacesisnotonlyjustified,butalsoimperative.Manycountriesarerealizingthedangers of passive smoking and are coming upwithmeasures to curb the problems popping upwithpassivesmoking.Medical science has fully supported the dangers of potential passive smoking. To illustratemy point Iwouldliketocitethefactthatmostofthepeopledieduetocigarettesmokingwhichcontainsnicotine.Ingrainedsmokerspackupthemselveswith lungandoralcancerrather than fromnaturalcauses.Thegovernmentissquanderingastronomicalsumsforthetreatmentofpulmonarycancersandeducatingthepopulaceofthedangersofsmoking.Theimpositionofhightaxesonnicotinebasedproductshasalreadybeendonetorestrainthishabit.The debatable point is that towhat extent these steps have been succeeded to dissuade the smokers.Cigarette smoking not only pollutes the air, but also makes the non-smokers inhale the stale smokeimperillingtheirhealthtoo.Ingrainedsmokersarenotdestroyingtheirownhealthbutalsoofothers.Themain critical issue in this respect is that is anyone (child or adult) safe from passive smoking? Evenpregnantwomencan,ifwellimaginedtoo.Somesmokersarguethatbanningsmokinginpublicplacesisadirectimpingementoftheirhumanrightsbut this line is futile because right to smoking is not absolute, but right to life is. Many personsunintentionally,takeupsmokingbywatchingothers;therebyunleashthesmokeinpublicplaces.Thisiswhattheycallfashion.Thus,itisimperativetoimposeappropriatelawsasitwillnotonlypreventthenon-smokersfromfallingvictimtothedangersofpassivesmoking,butalsodirectlybenefitthediehardsmokerswhowouldthenhavenochoicebuttocurtailtheirsmokinghabit.

TOPICNO.33DIGNITYOFWOMENYoushouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

Societiesthatdon'trespectandhonourtheirwomencannevermakeprogress.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeonthisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Behindevery successfulman, there isawoman. In fact, this statementcanbegeneralized fora state,country or a nation. Also that a country can never make progress if it doesn't respect their womencounterparts.Theprologueofthisstatementcanbeattributedtosimplequestions:Howwillyoudistinguishbetweenacivilizedanduncivilizedpersonorinfact,adevelopedoranunderdevelopednation?Canoneanswerthisquestionbysayingorreferringtoone'seconomicstatusorone'srank?Well,unfortunately,itisno.Theanswer declines in the reverence of their better halves. The societywhich commits atrocities on theirweakermembers isnotonlyuncivilized,butalsounderdevelopedas referred to thedevelopedand thecivilizedone's.Thebrutalitiesdoneonwomenbymenarenottheirsignofstrengthastheyareconstruedasthesignoftheirweaknesseswhich they are camouflaging. Is the valour ofmen lies in committing crimes on theweekandhelplesswomen?Thequestionisstilldebatable.Sowhy cant the societieswhodon't respectwomenprogress, because the intelligence andwisdomofwomenisuniqueineveryrespect.Bynotacknowledgingtheeffortsofwomenanddeprivingthemoftheirrightsmeans impropermotherhood for future generationswhich henceweakens the society.MargaretThatcher,MotherTeresa,FlorenceNightingale,IndiraGandhi,etc.Thesenamesdon'tneedanywordstoprovethemselves,theywerethetorchbearersandhadenlightenedthelivesofmany.Theyrepresentthesublimefaceofself-serviceandsacrifice.Toconclude,IwouldliketosaythatwomenarethebestgiftevergiftedtomanbyGod.Dishonouringanddemoralisingwomenfolkswillnotonly invitethewrathofGod,butalsodisfigurehimtoo. It iswomenwhogivebirthtoman,sohowcanhethinkofdisrespectingthesameandherprogresssimultaneously.

TOPICNO.34PROBLEMSOFEVETEASINGAMONGJUVENILES


Todayinthismoderncontemporaryworld,peoplearestrivinghardtoearntheirlivingandtohavetwosquaremeals a day. In this so called high profiled technological growth, people are suffering frommany problems and diseases. As the growth is proliferating so is the problem of maligning image.Todaythejuvenilesaresufferingfromwhatiscalledeve-teasing.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Eve teasing is scaling rapidly nowadays. As per the dictionary meaning of eve teasing it meanscommentingonagirloraladyinordertomakefun,orabashingher.Thisproblemhaselevatednowascomparedtothepast.Questionariseswhatisthemaincauseofeve-teasing?Isitthatwewanttoshowthatwearesuperiortoothers?Or,wejustwanttomakefunofothers.Wellwhatevermaybethereasons;thisisreallyabadaspectofhumanlifethatwearetreatingothersasinhumane.The problem of eve teasing may be attributed to the bad education scenario, because it is what theeducationmakesthehumanashumane.Today'seducationscenarioissuchlikewehavesomehesitationin talking topeople of the othergender.Wearenot taughthow tobehavewith themembers of othergender.Anothermainfactorwhichiscontributingtowardsgrowingthismenaceisthefashionoftoday.Todayfashionissuchthatweareautomaticallycompelledtowardseveteasing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkthecinemaalsoisresponsibleforsomepartofeveteasing.Moviesarenotwhattheyusedtobeearlier. They are disturbing the minds of people, affecting their mentality and growth. People arebecoming stoical, not conventional. They are not of placating nature now. Last but not least socialnetworkingsiteslikefacebook,twitter,etc.,providelicencetothrowmudonanymemberofthesocietywiththeirmaligningcommentsonphotosandstatusofanyprofile.In a nutshell, we can say that eve teasing is a becoming a serious problem. Peoplewho undergo eveteasingmayenduptheirlifeduetoabashment.Therefore,governmentshouldbehavelikeamartinetandshouldimprisonorimposemonetaryimplicationsonthosewhoareresponsiblebecauseeveryoneinthisworldhastherighttolivewithouttrepidationsandtensions.

TOPICNO.35COMPLEXITIESOFHUMANMIND


Thehumanmindtriestofindcomplexsolutionstothesimpleproblems.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Apropos to the above statement, I consider this as human nature.We are connotingwesternization tosuchextent thatwe feel shameful ifwe look ‘simple'.Remaining simple thismayalsobeattributed towhatiscalledoutoffashion.Whywehave tiedourselves intosomanykinds?Havewe increased thecomplexitiesourselves? In theretrospect,itwasnotso.Peopleweresimpleandtheirlifestylematchingtothem;sotheproblemswerealsosimple.Themind,‘thoughts’accordingly.The insightof thisstatementreveals the fact thatweare ‘addicted’ tomakemountainoutofmolehill.Thehumannature is socomplex that itmakescomplex solutionseven to fairlyeasyproblems.Even iftherearenoproblems, themindtriestogenerateoneandthenvisualizes itmaking itcomplex.Anoldsayingthat“emptyvesselsmakemuchnoise"isquiteaptinthissituation.Toexemplify,Iwouldliketogivesomeexamples.Supposeyourfoodisnottasty,thenmindstartsthinkingwhyitisnottastyandthenitstartsponderingoveritmakingitacomplexproblem.Anotherinstancecanbehadofoverweight.Overweight,nodoubtisaproblem,butstillthemindmakesitmorecomplexandyouswitchtoweightloss,dietingtechniquesandtakingpillsinsteadof‘simply’exercising.Furthermore,goingonthesametrack,Iwouldliketoaddtheexampleof‘looks’whichare‘euphermal’but for looks people are going to cosmetic or plastic surgeons for getting their face lifted and forremoving wrinkles. Question arises why they or (human mind, in particular) doesn't understand thesimple problem of ageingwhich is universal. Isn't it the complex solution to a fairly simple problem?Otherexamplesmay includeweathering, insomnia,etcwhichareanaturalphenomenon,butourmindtriestofindcomplexsolutionstoeventhesenaturalandsimple‘phenomena’and‘problems’.

TOPICNo.36PRIVATEvsGOVERNMENTINSTITUTIONSYoushouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

DoyouthinkthatPrivateInstitutionsShouldbeBanned?Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Privateinstitutionsshouldnotbebanned.Asbybanningthem,itwillmean,abatingthechoicesmadebyparents for the future of their children. They may not get best education and quality of studies inGovernment institutions. Hence, life for the bright students may be downsized. Furthermore,consequencescouldbedevastatingforthefutureofanindividualandperhapsforthewholenation.Ontheotherhand,therewillbeahugepositiveimpactonthewayourGovernmentSchoolsworkifthePrivate Institutionsarebanned.Oncegovernment institutionsrealize theirproblemsandshortcomings,the quality of teaching and the code of practicewill improve. As the code of conduct improves in theGovernmentInstitutions,theirwayofteachingwillbemorepragmatic.Alsotherewilldefinitelybeprofitsfromschoolswhichwillgo inGovernmentTreasury,once theprivate institutesarebanned.Hence, theschool conditions will improve. These schools will then retrospect the multi-religious culture and willteachstudentstoberespectfultowardsotherreligions.Parentswilldefinitelybenefitfromthisdecisionby paying less tuition fees in Government institutions as compared to the Private Institutions.Furthermore,therewillbeasenseofequalitybetweenstudentsandtherewillnorichorpoorinschools.Absenceofprivateschoolsmaybecomeasourceofanguish for themiddleandhigh incomepeople. ItmaybemisunderstoodasalossinfreedomofchoicetheGovernmenthastakentherightofchoicefromawayparentsfortheirchildren'soritmaybeconsideredthateducation.Some of the children who need special education or attention need private education. For instance,people with disabilities will be cared more in private institutions for their needs as compared to theGovernmentInstitutions.Similarly,theblindtheordeafalsoneedspecialattentionandcarewhich,inmyopinion,isimpossibletobeprovidedinGovernmentInstitutions.In nutshell, I would like to assert the importance of Private Institutes in our community. PrivateInstitutions cater to the needs for all types of students. They always change their teaching styles andskillsinaccordtothedemandofstudents,providingthemwithhighstandardofeducation.SoIstronglyfeelthatprivateeducationshouldnotbebanned.

TOPICNO.37MEDICALPROFESSIONALSvsFILMACTORS


Doyouthinkthatmedicalprofessionalsandengineersmustbepaidmoreascomparedtofilmactors?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Aproposofthestatement,Istronglybelievethatmedicalprofessionalsandengineersmustbepaidmoreascomparedtofilmactors.Bypragmaticcognizance,onecanunderstandthatdoctorsandengineersarethebuttressofoursocietyandeconomy.Doctorsandnursesareindividualswhonotonlyworkforaliving,butalsocontributetooursociety.Theyare the peoplewho can be regarded as the “Hands ofGod".Reason being they save our lives, hence,makethisplanetabetterplacetolivein.Ifonereallywantstounderstandwhatitmeanstobeadoctor,ask them, theywill tell that youmusthavea “heartof a lionandhandsof aweaver" inorder tobeadoctor.Itissotrue.Doctorsandnursesimproveourqualityoflives.Theycontributetothecommunityinwaysdifferenttoanyotherprofessions.Similarly, teachers are also the building blocks of our society. They educate us in order to make ussuccessful in our professional and personal lives.Mentorsmake us realize our true potential and ourresponsibilities as an individual. Personally speaking, they are themessengers of angelswho teach ushowourlifeshouldbe.Theygiveusasenseofdirectioninourlives.Theyshowusthewaytosuccess.Doctors,teachersandnursesareundoubtedly,thepillarsofanynation.Therefore,itbecomesimperativetounderstandthattheymustbepaidwellinordertohelpbuildourcommunitynotjustforthemselves,but for the whole society. Doctors and nurses should be paid according to their ranks and theirdepartments.Highertheprecisionrequired,highershouldbethepay.Similarly,teachersshouldbepaidaccording to their rankandqualifications.Andonemost important thing is to increment their salarieseveryyeartokeepthemmotivated.On the contrary to these professions, actors should not be paid huge amounts for their acting. Mainreasonbeingapartofshowingtheirsexuality,emotionsandtheirviolentnature,theysometimesexhibitwrongideasinoursociety.Ifeeltheyhavealimitedcontributiontoourcommunityascomparedtoanyotherprofession.Inanutshell,Iwouldliketoassertthatdoctors,teachersandnursesshouldbepaidwellascomparedtoactors.Themainreasonisbecausedoctors,teachersandnursescontributetooursocietyconstructively.Ontheotherhand,filmindustryattimes,actuallycontributedestructivelytowardsexhibitingnecessaryvulgarityandtoourcommunity.

TOPICNO.38KEEPINGPETSATHOME


Doyouagreewithkeepingpetsathome?Givereasonsinsupportofyouranswer.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.I am in consummate accord with this statement. There is toomuch attention on keeping a pet, eventhoughpeoplethroughouttheworldarestarving.However,onecannotavoidthebenefitsofkeepingpets.Petsareknowntobringharmonyinthefamiliesandlivesofpeople.Pets area sourceofhappiness and recreation forpeopleof all ages.Pets, especiallydogsmaykeepapersonfit,asitisimportanttotakedogsforawalk.So,petscouldbeoneofthereasonstostayfit.Guidedogsarehelpfultoourcommunity.Everyoneknowsthesignificanceofthesespeciallytraineddogsinthelivesofblindpeople.Guidedogsactaseyesthroughwhichtheysee.Dogsarealsoknowntosavelives,insomecases.Atnight,dogsactlikeguardsonpatrol,savingourhousesfromburglars.Althoughtherearebenefitstokeeppets,buttheycouldalsobeasourceofvariousdiseases.Virusesareknowntobepresentinanimalsandbirds.Bytheirdroppings,thesevirusescantravelplaces,infectingpeoplewhichcould lead todeaths in theworst case scenario.Somepets, likecatsandparrots canbeaggressiveandimpulsiveanditcanresultininstantattackstopeople,whichcanbefataltoo!Lossofapetcanbedevastatingtofamilymembers,especiallychildren.Petshave,tendencytoblendasafamilymember,sotheirlosscancreatethesameeffectasalossofafamilymember.Asaconsequence,itcanleadtodepressionamongyoungchildreninthefamily.Havingapetcouldalsomeanalotsofadditionalexpendituretoo,oraburdentothefamily.Itisuptoaperson, whether to keep a pet or negate the idea of having one. Once it is decided to get a pet, theforemostthingstodoistomanagethefinanceswellinadvance.Intheend,Iwouldliketosaythatitactuallydependsuponaperson,eithertoadoptapetorgiveuptheideaofhavingone.Personallyspeaking,Iwouldliketohaveadoginfuture,asIliketokeepmyselffitandIthinkitwillenhancemylifestyle,inadditiontothesecurityreasonsasdogsareknowntoguardourhouses/assetsveryfaithfully.

TOPICNO.39SOURCESOFENTERTAINMENT


Listeningtoradioismoreenjoyableandpracticalthanwatchingtelevision.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Listeningtoradioandwatchingtelevisionarebothentertaining,butsomepeoplebelievethatwatchingtelevision isnotmuch funanddoesnot impartmuch informationas listening to radio. I disagreewiththembecauselisteningtoradiocannotcounterwithwatchingtelevisioninmanyways.In the first place, television carries more information than radio. For example, people can watchprograms, interviewsandnewswithpicturesandmotionsontelevision,whereasviaradio, it ishardtotellwhatishappeningbyonlyusingwords.Thoseimagesandscenesontelevisionnotonlycantellthestorybut theycanalsobring theaudiencecloser to thestorybyshowingthemtherealsituation.Asarule,peoplecanseethefacesofthespeakersontelevision,sothattheyknowwherethosewordscomefrom.Thesekindsof information, ineffect,maketheactivityofwatchingtelevisionmoreenjoyableandpractical.AnotherreasonthatIthinklisteningtoradioisnotasgoodaswatchingtelevisionisthattheprogramsonthe televisionareusuallymoreup-to-date thanradio.Forexample, thebroadcastingcompaniesusuallycommit more resources to the latest news, while radio stations often lack the resources to find theinformation.Inaddition,radiostationsalsocannotaffordtoproducebigshowstoentertainpeople.Despiteoftheadvantagesofwatchingtelevision,therearesomebenefitsinlisteningtoradiowhichwecannotoverlook.Forexample,atelevisionisusuallyverylargeandisdifficulttocarrywhereas,aradioisveryconvenienttocarrywhiletravelling.Underthesecircumstances,aradioismorepracticalandgivesusmorefunonourtrips.Inaddition,theportabilityofaradiomakesitaperfectchoicetobewithus,whilewearedoingotheractivitiessuchassportsorstudying.In conclusion, although listening to radiomay be enjoyable and practical in some situations,watchingtelevisionisabetterchoicebecauseofitsrichinformationanditsup-to-datefeature.Ibelievethatinthefuture,televisionmightbecomesmallerandreplaceradios.

TOPICNO.40INTERNATIONALENTERTAINERSvsPOVERTY


Internationalentertainers,includingsportspersonalitiesareoftenpaidmillionsofdollarsinoneyear.Inyourview,withwidespreadpovertyintheworld,arethesehugeearningsjustified?

Youshouldgivereasonsforyouranswerusingyourownideasandexperience.Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Thesalariesofmanysingers,dancersandsportspeoplehaveincreasedoutofallproportionintherecentyears,whileinplaceslikeSudan,peoplearestarvingtodeath.Idonotbelievethatanyoneshouldbeabletoearnsuchenormoussalarieswhensomanypeopleintheworldarelivinginpoverty.Oneofthefactorswhichshouldaffectwhatapersoncanearnoughttobethebenefitofperson'sworktothesociety.Itisunreasonableforafamoussingertobeabletoearnfarmorefromanevening'sentertainmentthan,forinstance,amedicalscientistwhodevelopsanewdrugwhichproducesatreatmentforacommondisease.Thepopstarcertainlyhasavalueinsociety,butthevalueinnowayexceeds,orevenmatches,thevaluegainedfromasuccessfulmedication.Secondly,workdoneshouldbepaidaccordingtotheamountofeffortsandskillsthatgointoit.Nobodywoulddenythatafamouspersonworkshardandisskilful,yetsuchpeopledonotworkanyharderthanthousandsofotherworkerswhohavenoclaimtofame.Yetmarketforcearesuchthatthesesuperstarscanobtainmillionsofdollars,whileotherunknownpeoplesometimesearnlessthantheyneedtosurvive.Finally, it shouldbe theresponsibilityof thegovernment towork togetherwithprivate firms toensurethat theamountofmoney incirculationshouldbemoreequallyand fairlydistributed.Thisseemsonlyfairgiven that thereare somany sufferers.Toconclude, it is clear that theworldpoverty is a seriousproblemandyettheproblemcanbeerasedifgovernmentsgivemoretothestarvingandlesstothefullybelliedpeople.

TOPICNO.41EARNINGOFWRITERS


Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing. Do you think thegovernmentshouldgivethemfinancialassistancetohelpencouragegoodliterature?

Youshouldgivereasonsforyouranswerusingyourownideasandexperience.Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Therearesomeconditionsunderwhichanovelistcouldreasonablyexpectsomegovernmentsupport.Ingeneralterms,ifthewriterhasalreadyprovedthatheorshecanwritewell,andifthestoriesproducedarestimulatingandinteresting,thenIconsiderthatsomefinancialhelpmightbegiven.Languagequalityis difficult to define, but if the writing shows, for example, good grammar, a wide vocabulary, andeleganceandimagination,thenIcanseeavalidreasonforassistinganauthortospendsometimefreefrommoneyproblems.Suchawritingneedstobeencouraged.Theentertainmentvalueofabookshouldalsobeafactorindecidingwhethertoprovideassistancetoanauthor.Further consideration should include social and educational values expressed in the author's work.However, if the ideas are socially irresponsible, or if the stories contain unnecessary violence orpornographyforitsownsake,thenIwouldnotwanttoseetheauthorsponsoredtowritestorieswhichdonotbenefitthesociety.Otherexceptionsarethemanywritersofgoodbookswhodonotrequirefinancialhelp. Books which proved to be extremely popular, such as theHarry Potter stories, clearly need nosubsidyatallbecause theauthorshavebecomerich through theirwriting.Viewsonwhatgoodqualitywritingmeanswillvarywidelyandso ifanyauthor is tobegivenmoneyforwriting, thenthedecisionwouldhavetobemadebyacommitteeorpanelof judges.An individualopinionwouldcertainlycausedisagreementamongthereadingpublic.

TOPICNO.42PROBLEMOFSOCIALISATION


With the increasingnumberofpeople incities,mostdonotknowtheirneighboursand thesenseofcommunityislost.Whatiscausingthis?Howcanweturnitaround?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Thelifeofpeopleinthecity,unlikeinthecountryside,isgenerallycharacterisedbyalackofcommunityfeeling.Anumberofreasonscanbeattributedtothis tendencyamongthecitydwellers.Thissituationcan be addressed effectively if certain proactive steps are taken by the urban population. One of themajorreasonsfortheisolatedlifestyleincitiesisthebusyscheduleofpeopleduetoextendedworkinghours and long commuting time. To explain it further, many business firms in cities demand theiremployeestoworkbeyondtheusualhoursandowingtoheavytrafficcongestiongettingtoandfrofromwork is a time consuming affair. Even at home, people need to be engaged in their household chores,whichleavethemwithhardlyanytimetointeractevenwiththeirimmediateneighbours.Furthermore, the ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity of people in cities, who come from differentpartsofacountryorevenothernations,docreateserioushurdlesforeasysocialisation.Forinstance,inacitylikebengaluruinIndia,peoplefromallpartsofthecountrywhospeakdifferentlanguagesliveinthesameapartmentorbuilding.Thismakesitdifficultforthemtointeracteasilywitheachother.Anidealwaytodealwiththisproblemistoencouragepeopletovisittheirneighboursonweekendsandmakefriendswiththem.Forexample,occasionallypeoplewholivenextdoorcanbeinvitedfordinneroraspecialoccasion,whichcanimproveinteractionwiththem.Joiningneighbourhoodculturalforumsandcharitygroupsisanothereffectivemethodtocreateasenseofcommunityamongthecitydwellers.Forexample,familiesthatliveinapartmentsorhousingcoloniescanformassociationsandmeetoccasionallyto work for the welfare of the neighbourhood. Finally, using a common language like English forcommunicationisalsoveryuseful.Suchinitiativescandefinitelyenhanceasenseofunityandincreasesocialisationamongpeoplewholiveincities.

PRACTICEESSAYSWRITINGTASK-2

(UNSOLVED)1. Without capital punishment (the death penalty), our lives are less secure and crimes of violenceincrease.Capitalpunishmentisessentialtocontrolviolenceinthesociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Writeatleast250words.

2. “Fatherhood ought to be emphasised as much as motherhood. The idea that women are solelyresponsiblefordecidingwhetherornottohavebabiesleadstotheideathattheyarealsoresponsibleforbringinguptheirchildren.”

3.MillionsofpeopleeveryyearmovetoEnglish-speakingcountries,suchasAustralia,BritainorAmerica,inordertostudyatschool,collegeoruniversity.WhydosomanypeoplewanttostudyinEnglish?WhyisEnglishsuchanimportantinternationallanguage?

4.Themassmedia,includingtelevision,radioandnewspapers,haveagreatinfluenceinshapingpeople'sideas.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

5. 'Telecommuting’ refers to workers doing their jobs from home for part of each week andcommunicating with their office using computer technology.Telecommuting is growing in manycountriesandisexpectedtobecommonformostofficeworkersinthecomingdecades.

6.Insomecountries,theaverageworkerisobligedtoretireattheageof50,whileinothers,peoplecanwork until they are 65 or 70. Meanwhile, we see some politicians enjoying power well into theireighties.Clearly,thereislittleagreementonanappropriateretirementage.

Untilwhatagedoyouthinkpeopleshouldbeencouragedtoremaininpaidemployment?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

7.Going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect formany people. Butwhile itmay offersome advantages, it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties a student inevitablyencounterslivingandstudyinginadifferentculture.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Givereasonsforyouranswer.

8.Inthepast,buildingsoftenreflectedthecultureofasociety,buttodayallmodernbuildingslookalikeandcitiesthroughouttheworldarebecomingmoreandmoresimilar.Whatdoyouthinkisthereasonforthis,andisitagoodthingorabadthing?

9.PopulareventsliketheFootballWorldCup(FIFA)orCricketMatchesandotherinternationalsportingoccasionsareessentialineasinginternationaltensionsandreleasingpatrioticemotionsinasafeway.

10.Peopleattendcollegeoruniversityformanydifferentreasons(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparations,increaseknowledge,etc.)Whydoyouthinkpeopleattendcollegeoruniversity?

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