WRITING M Ferrarelli

8/9/2019 WRITING M Ferrarelli

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WRITINGWRITINGWRITINGWRITING

Lic. Mariana FerrarelliLic. Mariana Ferrarelli

Lomas High SchoolLomas High School

Lic. Mariana FerrarelliLic. Mariana Ferrarelli

Lomas High SchoolLomas High School


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Lets consider someLets consider somequestionsquestions

Lets consider someLets consider somequestionsquestions


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How long have humans known how to write?

When did we start using written language?

How did people communicate when there wasnothing to write on?


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How did wecommunicate when

there were nobooks, no pencils, noAs, Bs, Cs?


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Lets think about theLets think about theanswersanswers

Lets think about theLets think about theanswersanswers


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Writing Recent development

5,500 years ago

Oral language

Church & Royalty Writtenlanguage


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Lets discuss the following

WHAT do we write?

Exams at school, essays, compositions

BUT also emails, text messages, our friends walls inFacebook, messages in Twitter, chat messages


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Now

WHAT did we use to write when wewere little?

We probably started with the letters in isolation,then with simple words, then sentences, a shortparagraph

There was always someone next to us guiding ourhand, telling us how to write our first words


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Lets analyse theLets analyse thefollowing piece of writingfollowing piece of writing

Lets analyse theLets analyse thefollowing piece of writingfollowing piece of writing


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Somebody started writing it andcontinued some time later

Then added some other items

They changed their minds and crossed

out something they decided not to buy Then highlighted the important

ingredients


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There are a number ofThere are a number of

stages we ALWAYSstages we ALWAYSfollow when we writefollow when we write

There are a number ofThere are a number of

stages we ALWAYSstages we ALWAYSfollow when we writefollow when we write


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PLANNING

We dont realise but even when writing avery simple shopping list we make importantdecisions, we PLAN our writing, we thinkabout:

Purpose To remind us of what to buy Audience Ourselves Content Items to be bought

Structure List


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DRAFTINGOnce we have PLANNED our piece, theDRAFTING process takes place:

We start writing

We make corrections

We cross out some sections and writethem again


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EDITING & RE-DRAFTINGThe first version of our piece still needspolishing:

We continue correcting our piece

We check SPELLING

We have a look at the VERB TENSES


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FINAL VERSION

We re-read our piece one last timeand check we havent forgotten anyitem in our shopping list.


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These are all essential aspectsof ANY writing


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The PURPOSE

&The PURPOSE

&AUDIENCE (reader) willAUDIENCE (reader) willdetermine the TYPE OFdetermine the TYPE OF

WRITING PIECEWRITING PIECE

The PURPOSE

&The PURPOSE

&AUDIENCE (reader) willAUDIENCE (reader) willdetermine the TYPE OFdetermine the TYPE OF

WRITING PIECEWRITING PIECE


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The PIECE in turn willThe PIECE in turn willdetermine THREE things:determine THREE things:The PIECE in turn willThe PIECE in turn will

determine THREE things:determine THREE things:


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1.1. StructureStructure2. Style2. Style

3. Language and vocabulary3. Language and vocabulary

1.1. StructureStructure2. Style2. Style

3. Language and vocabulary3. Language and vocabulary


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PURPOSE & AUDIENCE

PIECE

STRUCTURE STYLE

LANGUAGE & VOCABULARY


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Lets consider a simple example

Purpose: We want to apply for a job

Audience: Potential employer

PIECE: Letter of application

1. Structure:

2. Style:3. Language and Vocabulary:


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1. StructureHow will we organise the paragraphing?

Introduction: Reason for writingMain Body:

Paragraph 1: Experience

Paragraph 2: QualificationsConclusion: Contact information + closing


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2. Style

Do we know the person we are writing to?

Is s/he our close friend?Is s/he a relative?

Will we use a formal or informal style?


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3. Lge & Vocabulary

Adjectives describing our personality

Verb tenses in the past to talk about ourwork experience

Linkers to connect ideas within aparagraph and between paragraphs


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Next time we write weNext time we write weshould:should:

Next time we write weNext time we write weshould:should:


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PLAN, DRAFT &EDIT our piece soPLAN, DRAFT &

EDIT our piece sothat we can get a successfulthat we can get a successful

FINAL VERSION which, in turn,FINAL VERSION which, in turn,needs to be effective in terms of:needs to be effective in terms of:

PLAN, DRAFT &EDIT our piece soPLAN, DRAFT &

EDIT our piece sothat we can get a successfulthat we can get a successful

FINAL VERSION which, in turn,FINAL VERSION which, in turn,needs to be effective in terms of:needs to be effective in terms of:


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1. Structure: CONTENT &1. Structure: CONTENT &ORGANISATIONORGANISATION2. Style: TARGET READER & REGISTER2. Style: TARGET READER & REGISTER

3. Language and Vocabulary3. Language and Vocabulary

1. Structure: CONTENT &1. Structure: CONTENT &ORGANISATIONORGANISATION2. Style: TARGET READER & REGISTER2. Style: TARGET READER & REGISTER

3. Language and Vocabulary3. Language and Vocabulary


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Lic. Mariana Ferrarelli

[email protected]

Lic. Mariana Ferrarelli

[email protected]


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SourcesAtkinson, D (2003) L2 writing in the post-process era: Introduction,Journal of Second Language Writing, 12, pp 3-15.

Byrne, D (1988) Teaching Writing Skills, Longman.Cassany, D (2008) Describir el Escribir, Paids Comunicacin.Harmer, J (2004) How to Teach Writing, Longman.Hedge, T (2000) Writing in Teaching and Learning in the Language

Classroom, OUP.Hyland, K (2001) Teaching and Researching Writing, Longman.Krashen, S D (1984) Writing: Research, Theory and Applications,

Pergamon.Kroll, B (1990) Second language writing: Research insights for the

classroom, CUP.Smith, F (1983) Reading like a Writer in Language Arts, 60, pp 558-567.

White, R & Arndt, V (1991) Process Writing, Longman.

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WRITING M Ferrarelli