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WtE - Gasification for the Rice Milling Sector
in Cambodia
SNV Development Organization
Ira Larasaty
WtE Programme Leader
• Chapter 1 Background
• Chapter 2 The Programme
• Chapter 3 What do we support?
• Chapter 4 Outputs
• Chapter 5 Hard facts
• Chapter 6 Message
WtE - Gasification for the Rice Milling Sector in Cambodia
Introduction
2
116 RHG
installations
Background: RHG development
43 RHG
Stopped
2
Upgraded
system
28
Switched
to grid
Source of data: Survey RHG investment report, June 2014.
27 WtE
project
Actors and Policies in the power sector
o No policies and plans for Renewable energy technologies
o EDC purchases electricity produced in rural areas from IPPs at 12
cent/kWh
EDC
Operator
EAC
Regulator
MME
Strategies
IPP
generation
• Rice Husk Gasifiers were first introduced in
Cambodia in 2004 when the electricity in rural
area was USD 0.75 to 1.00 per kWh.
• The Cambodian rice milling industry is not
competitive with neighboring countries due to the
high cost of processing and logistics of which
energy price is a significant part.
• The rice milling has potentially 1.6 million metric
tones of rice husk available that could be
converted into energy (at present only about 10%
of the rice husk is utilized as biomass)
• Power production cost is low (USD 0.10 per kWh)
Background
• Estimated 20,000 tonnes of rice husk converted
into energy that reduces 4.5 million litters of
diesel and over 40 thousand tonnes of CO2
equivalents per year.
• Every ton of milled fragrant rice alone would
result in $US 137/ton of which $US 123 in
workers income and $US 14 in taxes
• Environmentally-friendly technology, reduction
of 1 litter of diesel save 3.1kg CO2 equivalents
and the decay husk produces methane, a GHG
21 times higher
Background
The Programme
• To create a rice milling operation that is both
competitive and responsible environmentally
• Promote sustainable production of milled rice
through replication of WtE technologies in the
rice milling sector
• Promote sustainable consumption of milled
rice by consolidating fragmented guidelines
into a single operational industry standard with
policy makers, SME’s and financial sector
actors together in a multi-stakeholder
platform.
Boundary
• Location: 9 provinces around the TonleSap
• Project partners: SMERe, NPIC, FCRMA and
MIH-ISC
• Associates: CEDAC (Centre d'Etude et de
Développement Agricole Cambodgien),
NEXUS C4D, AF BTB, University of
Edinburgh
• Duration: 48 Months (Jan 2012-Dec 2015)
• Donors: EU – SWITCH Asia, Fondation
Ensemble
What Do We Support?
Technology Improvement and Establishment of
Essential Business Services
• To encourage new users in the rice milling
sector to switch to WtE technology and
application.
• Establishing a manufacturing unit to locally
manufacture part of the equipment in
Cambodia.
• Manufacturers and rice millers will gain access
to professional operation and maintenance
services
Development and Implementation of a National
Standard for gasification technology
• Development of operational guidelines for
equipment manufacturers to comply with the
standard of the equipment
• Development of standard for gasifier application
• Operation licenses to manufacturers and
gasifier operators
Investment Promotion and Business Planning for
WtE
• Business and investment analysis of existing WtE in
rice mills
• Awareness campaign to rice millers to adopt WtE
equipment
• Advisory services to rice miller for WtE business
plan development
• Turning liability to profitability: rice char soil
conditioner and husk pellets
10
Output
Awareness material and
campaigns
Training and workshop:
Modules: HSE, Using tool/
equipment, Understanding
of RHG Operation and
Maintenance
11
Output
Manufacturing Unit: locally
produced 3 small gasifiers
for CEDAC (Centre
d'Etude et de
Développement Agricole
Cambodgien). FBG 120,
output power 100 kW-e
(include new modifications
and features for dry ash
removal, improved gas
cleaning and filters)
Refurbished 4 units and
sold to mills and ice factory
‘blackwater’ treatment
system improvement
12
Output
Rice Husk Char Soil
Stabilizer on cucumber,
mug beans, chinese
cabbage and cassava
13
Output
Rice Husk Pellets
14
Hard facts
Increase of worker’s income US$ 576k/annum
Diesel savings $1.8 mil/annum
Number of mills switching to RHG 60
Annual emission reduction 40k tonnes
PoA under Validation for VER-GS
15
Hard facts
• Programme Partners: FCRMA, DIH/ISC, SMERe, NPIC
• Beneficiaries: over 80 participants (19 manuf.unit, rice mills, ice,
garment factory and brick plants).
• Over 300 mills are made aware of the application
• Over 45 mills will be assisted in setting up an operation data system
for their milling (ie. Financial management tool/book keeping).
• Financing loans for mills and SMEs for new installations (US$500k)
• Final Standard Baseline of RHG Safety and Operation
• Training and coaching of 2 staffs at provincial level to
implement the license under the DIH/ISC
Low uptake of RGHs for Rice Mills?
Absence of solutions for management of RHGs by-products
Limited flexibility of a RHG system to fit the increasing energy needs
Lack of standards in terms of input and output for local RHG systems
Milling and processing rice are the core businesses of Rice Millers, not generating energy
Poor planning of energy needs VS capacity of RHGs
Lack of skills and knowledge in O&M
Better access to electric grid
Lack of policies to foster uptake of RETs
Technology External Factors Internal Factors
17
Message
o Advocacy for switching to RE (embedded policies in Cambodia)
o Prioritise decentralized production of electricity by using RHG
technology for cluster of rice mills and Rural Electrification
o Alternative clean fuels for SMEs using rice husk (brick plants, textile, ice
factories and others)
o Financing Mechanism, Incentives for new investment and Scaling up
អរគុណច្រើន!
WtE for the Rice Milling Sector in Cambodia
SNV Development Organization
#184 Street 217
Sangkat Tom Noup Teouk
Khan Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Email: [email protected]
Skype: ilarasaty
Web: www.snvworld.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKcUOepPtdk&list=UUGkRoFTe2Dr5RdT847WN
HXg&index=1