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Alexandra Nemykh, Hafiz Poladzade 24.03.2014
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
1
Agenda
• Overview • Bali Package • Negotiations with India • Expected Impact on International Trade • What is the next for WTO? • Discussion • References
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
2
Place: Bali, Indonesia Time: 3-6 December 2013 Head of Conference: Trade Minister Gita Wirjawan Members: 159 Countries in focus: developing countries namely India, Thailand, Pakistan, Uruguay.
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013 3
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Place, Time ✓ Purpose of Conference Bali Meeting in Doha Round
To ease barriers to international
trade
To provide developing
countries with more options
for food security
To boost least-developed
countries` trade
To help the development
more generally
Purposes of the Conference
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013 4
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Place, Time Purpose of Conference ✓ Bali Meeting in Doha Round
Bali meeting is a part of Doha Round negotiation program launched in 2001
5 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Place, Time Purpose of Conference Bali Meeting in Doha Round ✓
“Framework” agreed
Ministerial Conference:
Further agreements in Hong Kong
Attempt to break
deadlock
Draft modalities agriculture and non-agriculture products
Bali Ministerial Declaration
and Decisions
Cancun ministerial midterm review: no agreement
Doha Development Agenda launched
Some differences narrowed
2001 2004
2005 2008 2013 2003
“For the first time in our history, the WTO has truly delivered”. Roberto Azevedo, head of the WTO.
6 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Place, Time Purpose of Conference Bali Meeting in Doha Round ✓
Bali Package • Trade Facilitation
– Agreement on Trade Facilitation — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/36 or WT/L/911
• Agriculture – General Services — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/37 or WT/L/912
– Public Stockholding for Food Security Purposes — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/38 or WT/L/913
– Understanding on Tariff Rate Quota Administration Provisions of Agricultural Products, as Defined in Article 2 of the Agreement on Agriculture — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/39 or WT/L/914
– Export Competition — Ministerial Declaration — WT/MIN(13)/40 or WT/L/915
• Cotton – Cotton — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/41 or WT/L/916
• Development and LDC issues – Preferential Rules of Origin for Least-Developed Countries — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/42 or WT/L/917
– Operationalization of the Waiver Concerning Preferential Treatment to Services and Service Suppliers of Least-Developed Countries — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/43 or WT/L/918
– Duty-Free and Quota-Free Market Access for Least-Developed Countries — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/44 or WT/L/919
– Monitoring Mechanism on Special and Differential Treatment — Ministerial Decision — WT/MIN(13)/45 or WT/L/920
7 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview✓ Agreement on Trade Facilitation Agreement on Agriculture Cotton Decision for LDC
Agreement
on
Trade Facilitation
• To tackle trade barriers
• Liquidate limits on agricultural trade
• Custom duties will replace trade barriers for Agriculture
• Reforms on Bureaucracy (fewer receipts, official documents and certificates)
8 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview Agreement on Trade Facilitation ✓ Agreement on Agriculture Cotton Decision for LDC
Agreement
on
Agriculture
• Stockholding for food security: interim ‘due restraint’
• General services list: less controversial
• land rehabilitation
• soil conservation and resource management
• drought management and flood control
• rural employment programs
• issuing land ownership titles and settlement programs.
9 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview Agreement on Trade Facilitation Agreement on Agriculture ✓ Cotton Decision for LDC
Cotton
• Market access: Cotton from least developed countries would be given duty-free and quota-free access to the markets of developed countries
• Export subsidies: Any remaining export subsidies on cotton in developed countries would be eliminated immediately
• Domestic support for cotton
10 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview Agreement on Trade Facilitation Agreement on Agriculture Cotton ✓ Decision for LDC
Decisions
for
LDC
• a decision on the implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access for LDCs
• a decision on preferential rules of origin for LDCs
• a decision on the operationalization of the LDC services waiver
• a decision in the area of cotton, covering both trade and development assistance aspects
11 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview Agreement on Trade Facilitation Agreement on Agriculture Cotton Decision for LDC ✓
Negotiations with India
Requirements by India, which frizzed the process of agreement conduction:
• affordable food for 800 million people
• Permission to subsidize rice and grain
Reached compromise: subsidize food within clear limitations and under close monitoring
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013 12
Risk: "The problem is that India could now distort trade… subsidizing products is always bad” However, "Without the compromise, there wouldn't have been an agreement in Bali at all.“ Langhammer
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for WTO
Overview✓
Expected Impact on International Trade
This deal could add $1tn to world trade
The potential of growth for World GDP is about one billion dollars
The exportation costs are going to drop by 10-15%
Companies will trade faster and with less bureaucracy
New export opportunities should give a welcome boost to global growth
13 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for the WTO
Overview ✓
What is the next for WTO?
14 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
Overview Bali Package
Negotiations with India Expected Impact on International Trade
What is the next for the WTO
Overview ✓
Intellectual Property
Trade and Development
WTO Rules
Services NAMA Agriculture
Trade and Environment
Trade Facilitation
Doha Round Issues:
1. Reduce tariffs n defined environmental products (Trade and Environment) 2. Doha Round should change its approach to Emerging Markets and commensurate with their economic size 3. Elimination of obstacle called “misalignment of exchange rates” on world trade 4. Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) negotiations
Conclusion
Bali Package includes measures about trade, agriculture and development
The measures of taking advantage of the newest technologies will allow companies to trade faster and
with less bureaucracy, thus it will be profitable for poor countries
The boost of world economy by $1 trillion is expected
Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
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Discussion
• In your opinion, what measures should WTO take in order to facilitate the process of future agreement conduction?
• Do you think that all of the WTO`s countries will get the advantages after implementing of all the aspects of Bali package?
16 Special Issues in Globalization, WTO Bali 2013
References • Agreement on Trade Facilitation: http://wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/desci36_e.htm
• Public stockholding for food security purposes: http://wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/desci38_e.htm
• WTO agrees global trade deal worth $1tn: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25274889
• Bali Ministerial Declaration and decisions: http://wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/balipackage_e.htm
• Briefing note: Agriculture negotiations: http://wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/brief_agneg_e.htm#generalservices
• WTO Bali agreement expected to boost growth: http://www.dw.de/wto-bali-agreement-expected-to-boost-growth/a-17278088
• Why the WTO agreement in Bali has finally helped developing countries: http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/dec/06/wto-agreement-bali-helped-developing-countries-india
• Briefing note: Decisions for least-developed countries: http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc9_e/brief_ldc_e.htm
• The 2013 WTO Bali Ministerial: Prospects and New Horizons: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/11/25-wto-bali-ministerial-meltzer
• THE CONSEQUENCES OF BALI PACKAGE ON TRADE: http://www.b4bclub.com/2013/12/the-consequences-of-bali-package-on-trade/
• The WTO Bali Package 1: our topline summary of its effect on the garment trade: http://clothesource.net/opinion/the-wto-bali-package-2-getting-its-impact-on-the-garment-industry-into-perspective/
• Bali WTO: A triumph of multilateralism: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-13/news/45162502_1_ldcs-market-access-trade-facilitation-agreement
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