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7/29/2019 WtW TV2 English News Final
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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13
Final Individual Report: TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
15/08/13
Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures
Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus
in collaboration with
Comments and feedback welcomed at:
[email protected] 523 4575
or
Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer
Centre for Independent [email protected]
03-4023-0772/4024-9840
The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx7/29/2019 WtW TV2 English News Final
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for TV2 ENGLISH NEWS.......................................................................... 3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.
Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10
Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14
2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative
Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20
Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23
Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32
2 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
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Executive Summary of Key Results for TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Introduction
Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.
But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?
The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.
The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.
Key Results
In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by TV2 English News, we found the following trends:
(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was skewed significantlytowards coverage of BN (61.51%).
BN received the bulk of the positive coverage (87.5%) and the least negative coverage
(18.6%).
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (75%), followed by the positive category(17%).
(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures
Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?
The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions coverage isskewed heavily towards figures from BN (87%) as opposed to PR's 12%.
Najib was the most talked about politicians by a significant margin, followed by MuhyiddinYassin.
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used very much the most often (81%), followed by the positivecategory (14%).
However, of the non-neutral material, BN received all the positive coverage, the most neutralcoverage, and the most negative coverage.
3 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
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Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?
Najib Razak and Muhyiddin Yassin were used as sources most often.
BN were used as sources much more often (86%) than both PR politicians (1%) andindependent/other political figures (12%).
Overall, only BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics (Najib Razak and Muhyiddin
Yassin).
(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.
The Non-Policy Issue of Socioeconomic Status was the most covered issue overall.
4 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
BN received the most coverage (50.56%), followed by Other, PAS, PKR, then UMNO.
Refer to Table 1 for figures.
5 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
BN
OtherPAS
PKR
UMNO
DAP
MCA
PR
Gerakan
MIC
PSM
SUPP
PBB
PBS
PRS
PRM
SAPP
SPDP
UPKO
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
50.56
18.687.73
5.80
4.67
4.03
3.70
1.77
1.13
1.13
0.48
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Volume
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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was skewed significantly towards coverage of BN(61.51%).
Refer to Table 2 for figures.
6 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
BN
PR
Independent
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
61.51
19.32
0.48
18.68
Volume
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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (75%), followed by the positive category (17%).
7 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
0%7%
75%
17%
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage
Other political parties were the most negatively covered (44.19%), followed by PAS(13.95%).
PAS were the party attacked.
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
8 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Other
PAS
BN
DAP
MCA
PKRPR
MIC
PSM
UMNO
Gerakan
PBB
PBS
PRS
PRM
SAPP
SPDP
SUPP
UPKO
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage
BN received the most positive (72.12%) coverage by a very significant margin, followed byOthers and MCA (both 7.69%).
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
9 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
BN
Other
PAS
PKR
UMNO
DAPMCA
PR
Gerakan
MIC
PSM
SUPP
PBB
PBS
PRS
PRM
SAPP
SPDP
UPKO
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Posi tive Neutral
Coverage Volume
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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, BN received the bulk of the positive coverage (87.5%) and the least negativecoverage (18.6%).
Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PRTonal
Weighting
Positive 1 : 0.06 17%Neutral 1 : 0.34 75%
Negative 1 : 1.9 7%
Attacked 0 : 100
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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.
Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant margin (47.57%),followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (26.33%).
Refer to Table 5 for full figures.
11 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin YassinMahathir Mohamad
Anwar Ibrahim
Chua Soi Lek
Lim Kit Siang
Liow Tiong Lai
Lim Guan Eng
Nik Aziz
Rosmah Mansur
Karpal Singh
Hishamuddin Hussein
Musa Aman
Rafizi RamliNurul Izzah
Ng Yen Yen
Ibrahim Ali
Hadi Awang
G. Palanivel
Alfred Jabu
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
47.57
26.335.09
4.42
4.20
2.21
1.77
1.77
1.55
1.11
0.88
0.88
0.66
0.220.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
Coverage Volume
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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak was used as a source most often(47.62%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (33.33%) then Election Commission spokespeople(12.25%).
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
13 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin Yassin
Election Commission Spokesperson
Mahathir Mohamad
Anwar Ibrahim
Chua Soi Lek
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Baru Bian
Hadi Awang
Hassan Ali
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
47.62
33.33
12.25
4.76
1.36
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Coverage Volume
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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Politicians from BN were used as sources much more often (86%) than both PR politicians(1%) and independent/other political figures (12%).
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
14 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
86%
1%
12%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (81%), followed by the positive category (14%).
15 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
14%
81%
5%0%
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Attacked
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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Anwar Ibrahim receivedthe most negative coverage (32.81%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad, Muhyiddin Yassin,and Najib Razak (all 19.05%).
Nik Aziz was the only one attacked. Refer to Table 8 for full figures.
16 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Anwar Ibrahim
Mahathir Mohamad
Muhyiddin Yassin
Najib Razak
Chua Soi Lek
Lim Kit Siang
Nurul Izzah
Nik Aziz
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
Alfred Jabu
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Azmin Ali
Baru Bian
Bernard Dompok
Chong Chieng Jen
Dzulkefly Ahmad
Elizabeth Wong
G. Palanivel
Hadi Awang
Hassan AliHishamuddin Hussein
Ibrahim Ali
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (56.45%) and neutral coverage (49.02%).
Chua Soi Lek received the second most positive coverage (17.74%), followed by MahathirMohamad (14.52%) then Muhyiddin Yassin (11.29%).
Refer to Table 8 for figures.
17 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Najib RazakMuhyiddin Yassin
Anwar Ibrahim
Mahathir Mohamad
Lim Kit Siang
Lim Guan Eng
Liow Tiong Lai
Chua Soi Lek
Rosmah Mansur
Hishamuddin Hussein
Karpal Singh
Musa Aman
Nik Aziz
Alfred Jabu
G. Palanivel
Hadi Awang
Ibrahim Ali
Ng Yen Yen
Rafizi Ramli
Abdul Rahman DahlanAmbiga Sreenevasan
Azmin Ali
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Posi tive Neutral
Coverage Volume
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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Overall, BN received all the positive coverage, the most neutral coverage, and the mostnegative coverage.
Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PRTonal
Weighting
Positive 100 : 0 14%
Neutral 1 : 0.12 79%
Negative 1 : 0.5 5%
Attacked 0 : 100
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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning
Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'
Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Muhyiddin Yassin (78.57%) and Najib Razak (21.43%) were first and second most commonlyengaged in attack politics.
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
19 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
Muhyiddin Yassin
Najib Razak
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Anwar Ibrahim
Baru Bian
Chua Soi Lek
Hadi Awang
Hassan Ali
Jeffrey Kitingan
Khalid Ibrahim
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Kit Siang
Mahathir Mohamad
Musa Aman
Nazri Aziz
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
78.57
21.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Attack Volume
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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Overall, only BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics.
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
20 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
100.00
BN
PR
Independent/Other
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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues
3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
21 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
34%
66%
Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues
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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues
Of all Policy Issues covered, Vision Policies and Programmes were given the most coverage,followed by the Economy & Development then Education and Religion.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
22 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
45%
20%
8%
1%
10%
6%
2%
8%
Policy Issues
VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion
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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues
Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Socioeconomic Status was given the most coverage,followed by Electioneering.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
23 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
5%1%
3%
67%
1%
23%
Non-Policy Issues
Ethnicity
Religion
Democracy & Human Rights
Socioeconomic Status
Mudslinging
Gender
Electioneering
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Section 4: A Brief Methodology
Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)
Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 3284
Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 249
Average number of articles/day: na/d = 8
Data Collection
The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.
Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:
They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).
They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.
They were from within the TV news broadcasts.
They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).
Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level
(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.
Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.
Data Analysis
The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.
24 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/7/29/2019 WtW TV2 English News Final
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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables
25 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
TABLE 1
Party Percentage
BN50.564DAP 4.0258
Gerakan 1.1272
MCA 3.7037
MIC 1.1272
PAS 7.7295
PBB 0
PBS 0
PKR 5.7971
PR 1.7713
PRS 0
PRM 0
PSM 0.48309
SAPP 0
SPDP 0
SUPP 0.32206
UMNO 4.6699
UPKO 0
Other 18.68
TABLE 2
Party Percentage Coalition Percentage
BN 50.564
BN 61.51406
Gerakan 1.1272
MCA 3.7037
MIC 1.1272
PBB 0
PBS 0
PRS 0
SPDP 0
SUPP 0.32206
UMNO 4.6699
UPKO 0
PR 1.7713
PR 19.3237DAP 4.0258
PAS 7.7295
PKR 5.7971
PRM 0
Independent 0.48309PSM 0.48309
SAPP 0
Other 18.68 Other 18.68
TABLE 3
Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL
BN 0 6.9767 51.429 72.115 130.5207
DAP 0 6.9767 4.6154 0.96154 12.55364
Gerakan 0 0 1.3187 0.96154 2.28024
MCA 0 6.9767 2.6374 7.6923 17.3064
MIC 0 2.3256 0.65934 2.8846 5.86954
PAS 100 13.953 8.7912 0 122.7442
PBB 0 0 0 0 0
PBS 0 0 0 0 0
PKR 0 6.9767 5.9341 2.8846 15.7954
PR 0 6.9767 1.5385 0.96154 9.47674
PRS 0 0 0 0 0
PRM 0 0 0 0 0
PSM 0 2.3256 0.43956 0 2.76516
SAPP 0 0 0 0 0
SPDP 0 0 0 0 0
SUPP 0 0 0.43956 0 0.43956
UMNO 0 2.3256 5.0549 3.8462 11.2267
UPKO 0 0 0 0 0
Other 0 44.186 17.143 7.6923 69.0213
Parties &Coalitions
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26 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
TABLE 5
Politician/Political Figure
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0
Alfred Jabu 0.22124
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0
Anwar Ibrahim 4.4248
Azmin Ali 0
Baru Bian 0
Bernard Dompok 0
Chong Chieng Jen 0
Chua Soi Lek 4.2035
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0
Elizabeth Wong 0
G. Palanivel 0.22124
Hadi Awang 0.22124
Hassan Ali 0
Hishamuddin Hussein 0.88496
Ibrahim Ali 0.22124
James Masing 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Karpal Singh 0.88496
Khalid Ibrahim 0
Khalid Samad 0
Lim Guan Eng 1.7699
Lim Kit Siang 2.2124
Liow Tiong Lai 1.7699
Mahathir Mohamad 5.0885Maximus Ongkili 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0
Muhyiddin Yassin 26.327
Musa Aman 0.66372
Najib Razak 47.566
Ng Yen Yen 0.22124
Nik Aziz 1.5487
Nizar Jamaluddin 0
Nurul Izzah 0.22124
Rafizi Ramli 0.22124
Rosmah Mansur 1.1062
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0
Taib Mahmud 0
Teresa Kok 0
Tian Chua 0
Tony Pua 0
William Mawan 0
Wong Ho Leng 0
Wong Soon Koh 0
Yong Teck Lee 0
Percentage(mention)
TABLE 4
BN
Attacked 0
Negative 18.6046
Neutral 61.5389
Posit ive 87.49964
PR
Attacked 100
Negative 34.8831
Neutral 20.8792
Positive 4.80768
Attacked 0
Negative 46.5116
Neutral 17.58256
Positive 7.6923
Independent &Other
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27 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
TABLE 6
Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek
MCA 6.19464
BN 87.1673
Liow Tiong Lai
Ng Yen Yen
G. Palanivel MIC 0.22124
Alfred JabuPBB 0.22124
Taib Mahmud
Maximus Ongkili PBS 0
James Masing PRS 0
William Mawan SPDP 0
Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
UMNO 80.53018
Hishamuddin Hussein
Mahathir Mohamad
Muhyiddin Yassin
Musa AmanNajib Razak
Bernard Dompok UPKO 0
Chong Chieng Jen
DAP 4.86726
PR 11.50448
Karpal Singh
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Kit Siang
Teresa Kok
Tony Pua
Wong Ho Leng
Dzulkefly Ahmad
PAS 1.76994
Hadi Awang
Khalid Samad
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Nik Aziz
Nizar Jamaluddin
Siti Mariah Mahmud
Anwar Ibrahim
PKR 4.86728
Azmin Ali
Baru Bian
Elizabeth Wong
Jeffrey Kitingan
Khalid Ibrahim
Nurul Izzah
Rafizi Ramli
Tian Chua
Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 0
1.32744
Hassan Ali Independent 0
Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.22124
Rosmah Mansur 1.1062
Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0
Independent/Other
'1st lady'
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28 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
TABLE 7
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 0.68027
BN 86.39417
Mahathir Mohamad 4.7619
Muhyiddin Yassin 33.333
Musa Aman 0
Najib Razak 47.619
Nazri Aziz 0
Taib Mahmud 0
Anwar Ibrahim 1.3605
PR 1.3605
Baru Bian 0
Hadi Awang 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Khalid Ibrahim 0
Lim Guan Eng 0
Lim Kit Siang 0
Nik Aziz 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0
Independent 12.245
Hassan Ali 0
Vox Pop Male 0
Vox Pop Female 0
0
12.245
Percentage(source)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
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29 TV2 ENGLISH NEWS
TABLE 8
Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0
Alfred Jabu 0 0 0.28011 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 0 0
Anwar Ibrahim 0 23.81 3.6415 0Azmin Ali 0 0 0 0
Baru Bian 0 0 0 0
Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0
Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0
Chua Soi Lek 0 9.5238 1.6807 17.742
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0 0
Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0
G. Palanivel 0 0 0.28011 0
Hadi Awang 0 0 0.28011 0
Hassan Ali 0 0 0 0
Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 1.1204 0
Ibrahim Ali 0 0 0.28011 0
James Masing 0 0 0 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0
Karpal Singh 0 0 1.1204 0
Khalid Ibrahim 0 0 0 0
Khalid Samad 0 0 0 0
Lim Guan Eng 0 0 2.2409 0
Lim Kit Siang 0 4.7619 2.521 0
Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 2.2409 0
Mahathir Mohamad 0 19.048 2.521 14.516
Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 0 0
Muhyiddin Yassin 0 19.048 29.412 11.29
Musa Aman 0 0 0.84034 0
Najib Razak 0 19.048 49.02 56.452
Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0.28011 0
Nik Aziz 100 0 0.56022 0
Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0 0
Nurul Izzah 0 4.7619 0 0
Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0.28011 0Rosmah Mansur 0 0 1.4006 0
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0
Taib Mahmud 0 0 0 0
Teresa Kok 0 0 0 0
Tian Chua 0 0 0 0
Tony Pua 0 0 0 0
William Mawan 0 0 0 0
Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0
Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0
Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0
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TABLE 9
BN
Attacked 0
Negative 66.6678
Neutral 87.67567
Positive 100
PR
Attacked 100
Negative 33.3338
Neutral 10.64424
Positive 0
Attacked 0
Negative 0
Neutral 1.68071
Positive 0
Independent/Other
TABLE 10
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 0
BN 100
Mahathir Mohamad 0
Muhyiddin Yassin 78.571
Musa Aman 0
Najib Razak 21.429
Nazri Aziz0Taib Mahmud 0
Anwar Ibrahim 0
PR 0
Baru Bian 0
Hadi Awang 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Khalid Ibrahim 0
Lim Guan Eng 0
Lim Kit Siang 0
Nik Aziz 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0
Independent 0
Hassan Ali 0
Vox Pop Male 0
Vox Pop Female 0
0
0
Percentage(source +attacking)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
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TABLE 11
Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage
Vision Policies/Programmes 8.9385
Policy Issues 19.95207
Environment 0Economy/Development 3.9904
Education 1.676
Foreign Policy 0.23943
Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 1.9154
Oppressive Legislation 1.1173
Health 0.39904
Religion 1.676
Ethnicity 1.9952
38.94629
Religion 0.47885
Democracy & Human Rights 1.0375
Socioeconomic Status 26.177
Mudslinging 0
Gender 0.39904
Electioneering 8.8587
Non-PolicyIssues
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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme
1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)
1. Abdul Rahman Dalan
2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein
16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman
29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng
43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee
2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)
1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng
10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad
12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak
15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson
3. Party or Coalition
1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement
Party)
4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)
17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)
4. Organisations
1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented
organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission
5. Policy Issues
1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation
Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)
4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'
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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other
2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other
3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other
4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System
6. PTPTN7. Other
5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other
6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other
7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University
Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act
4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)
6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)
7. Other
8. Health1. 1Care2. Other
9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other
6. Non-Policy Issues
1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other
2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism
6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other
3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other
4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban
12. Rural13. Cost of Living
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14. Other
5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah
6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence
6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other
7. Gender
1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance
7. Sexism8. Other
8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other