WV images and Jet StreamsWV images and Jet StreamsCasesCases

Nuno Moreira (nuno.moreira@meteo.pt)Nuno Moreira (nuno.moreira@meteo.pt)Instituto de Meteorologia, Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Meteorologia, Lisboa, Portugal

20032003

Jets and geopotential Jets and geopotential upper level trough and ridgeupper level trough and ridge

16/2/97 - 1800/1830UTC16/2/97 - 1800/1830UTC

Jet Stream …Jet Stream …22/4/99 - 1230 UTC22/4/99 - 1230 UTC

Jet Stream - 2 “branches” Jet Stream - 2 “branches” 22/4/99 - 1200/1230 UTC22/4/99 - 1200/1230 UTC

Keyser and Shapiro (1986)Keyser and Shapiro (1986)

Jet Stream ...Jet Stream ...24/4/01 - 1200 e 1800 UTC24/4/01 - 1200 e 1800 UTC

Strong wind – P.Douradas Strong wind – P.Douradas (1380m)(1380m)

24/4/01 - 1200 e 1800 UTC24/4/01 - 1200 e 1800 UTC

– 11 km/h11 km/h 50 km/h 50 km/h

300 hPa > 60 kt

… … Mean wind and gust …Mean wind and gust …in Penhas Douradas (1380 m)in Penhas Douradas (1380 m)

0

20

40

60

80

100

24-0

0

24-0

3

24-0

6

24-0

9

24-1

2

24-1

5

24-1

8

24-2

1

25-0

0

25-0

3

25-0

6

25-0

9

25-1

2

Day - UTC Hour

spee

d (k

m/h

)

Mean Wind Gust threshold 55 km/h threshold 75 km/h

24/00UTC-25/12UTC24/00UTC-25/12UTC

24/18UTC24/18UTC

Jet stream ...Jet stream ...29/4/01 - 1200 UTC29/4/01 - 1200 UTC

Strong wind - Penhas Strong wind - Penhas DouradasDouradas

29/4/01 - 1200 UTC29/4/01 - 1200 UTC

Observations: Observations: 40-50 km/h40-50 km/h

300 hPa > 60 kt

… … and tropopause mapand tropopause map29/4/01 - 1200 UTC29/4/01 - 1200 UTC

Operational Operational tropopausetropopause

Jet Stream ... Jet Stream ... 19/9/99 - 0630 UTC19/9/99 - 0630 UTC

Jet “crosses” the front Jet “crosses” the front 19/9/99 - 0600/0630 UTC19/9/99 - 0600/0630 UTC

Bluestein Bluestein (1993)(1993)

Jet Stream ... Jet Stream ... 29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC

… … In the Gulf of Biscay ... In the Gulf of Biscay ... 29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC

300 hPa > 60 kt

And strong wind - Penhas And strong wind - Penhas DouradasDouradas

29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC29/3/01 - 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC

850 hPa > 20 kt

Where is the jet stream ??? Where is the jet stream ??? 26/2/01 - 1200 UTC26/2/01 - 1200 UTC

Meridional Jet stream !! Meridional Jet stream !! 26/2/01 - 1200 UTC26/2/01 - 1200 UTC

300 hPa > 60 kt

... And the sequence 00 - 09 ... And the sequence 00 - 09 UTC UTC 26/2/01 26/2/01

ReferencesReferences Bader, M.J., Forbes, G.S., Grant, J.R., Lilley, R.B. e Waters, A.J., 1995: Images in weather forecasting. Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 499 pp. Bechtold, P., 2000: Atmospheric moist convection: effects, concepts and modelling/forecast. Módulo do Curso “Weather

forecasting in the midlatitudes” realizado na MeteoFrance de 4-15 Dezembro 2000 [ver relatório VAP01/01, Instituto de Meteorologia]

Bluestein, H.B., 1993: Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes, Vol.II: Observations and Theory of Weather Systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 594 pp.

Boyle, J.S. e Bosart, L.F., 1986: Cyclone-Anticyclone couplets over North America. Part II: Analysis of a major cyclone event over the Eastern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2432-2465.

Elbern, H., Hendricks, J. e Ebel, A., 1998: A climatology of tropopause folds by global analysis. Theor. Appl. Climatology, 59, 181-200.

Elizaga, F., Martin, F., Riosalido R., Carretero, O., Elvira, B. e Garcia, A., 1996: Imágenes de vapor de agua: uso en el diagnostico de niveles altos. IV Simposio Nacional de Predección. Memorial “Alfondo Ascaso”, Madrid, 15-19 Abril 1996, INM.

Grahame, N., 1998: Christmas Eve storm. Review of interesting synoptic cases. Fourth Meeting of the Working Group on Cooperation between European Forecasters (WG CEF). Set. 98 Comunicação oral.

Hirschberg, P.A. e Fritsch, J.M., 1991b: Tropopause ondulations and the development of extratropical cyclones - Part II: Diagnostic Analysis and coceptual model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 518-550.

Hoskins, B.J., McIntyre, M.E. e Robertson, A.W., 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potencial vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteo. Soc., 111, 877-946.

Joly, A e Santurette, P., 2000: Turning dynamical ideas into forecast practice: a proposal for a renewed graphic summary of the synoptic scale situation. Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Service Central d´Exploitation Météorologique. Módulo do Curso “Weather forecasting in the midlatitudes” realizado na MeteoFrance de 4-15 Dezembro 2000 [ver relatório VAP01/01, Instituto de Meteorologia]

ReferencesReferences Keyser, D. e Shapiro, M.A., 1986: Review – A review of the structure and dynamics of upper-level frontal zones.

Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 452-499. Malardel, S., 2000: Weather forecasting in midlatitudes regions - Large scale dynamics in the midlatitudes. Módulo

do Curso “Weather forecasting in the midlatitudes” realizado na MeteoFrance de 4-15 Dezembro 2000 [ver relatório VAP01/01, Instituto de Meteorologia]

Moreira, N., 1999: Utilização de imagens de vapor de água na avaliação de campos previstos por Modelos numéricos. Instituto de Meteorologia.

Morgan,M.C. e Nielson-Gammon, 1998: Using tropopause maps to diagnose midlatitude weather systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2555-2579.

NOAA, 1991: Water vapor imagery – Interpretation and applications to weather analysis and forecasting. NOAA Technical report NESDIS 57, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admnistration, Washington, 213 pp.

Prates, F., 1996: Utilização de cartas de vorticidade potencial isentrópica no diagnóstico dos processos de ciclogénese. Nota Técnica. Instituto de Meteorologia.

Romero, R., 2000: Sensitivity of a heavy rain producing Western Mediterranean cyclone to embedded potencial vorticity anomalies. Submetido ao Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.

Santurette, P., 1998: About new products and new methods for synoptic forecast in Meteo-France. Casos de estudo apresentados no curso sobre previsão na Meteo-France, Dez. 98. Comunicação oral.