WW1 Peace WW1 Peace TreatiesTreaties

&&The Legacy of theThe Legacy of the

War War13-413-4

Jessica, Sunny, RachelJessica, Sunny, Rachel

The Story so far…The Story so far…►World War I is over, the killing has World War I is over, the killing has

ceased.ceased.► January 18, 1919, a conference was January 18, 1919, a conference was

built at the Palace of Versailles. built at the Palace of Versailles. The Allied powers, the victors of WWI, The Allied powers, the victors of WWI,

meet to clean up the war mess.meet to clean up the war mess.

Meeting at VersaillesMeeting at Versailles►Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

Delegates representing 32 countriesDelegates representing 32 countries Major decisions were made by the Big Four:Major decisions were made by the Big Four:

►Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)►Georges Clemenceau (France)Georges Clemenceau (France)►David Lloyd George (Great Britain)David Lloyd George (Great Britain)►Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Woodrow’s Plan 1918Woodrow’s Plan 1918►Woodrow proposed his Fourteen PointsWoodrow proposed his Fourteen Points

Outlined a plan for maintaining peaceOutlined a plan for maintaining peace Proposed the following points:Proposed the following points:

► 1st Point: End all secret treaties1st Point: End all secret treaties► 22ndnd Point: Freedom of the Seas Point: Freedom of the Seas► 33rdrd Point: Free trade Point: Free trade► 44thth Point: Reduce national armies (trying to stop militarism) Point: Reduce national armies (trying to stop militarism)► 55thth Point: Colonial Fairness (trying to stop harsh imperialism) Point: Colonial Fairness (trying to stop harsh imperialism)► 66thth-13-13thth Points: Rearranging borders (self-determination) Points: Rearranging borders (self-determination)► 1414thth Point: Create a general association of nations that would Point: Create a general association of nations that would

negotiate solutions to world conflictsnegotiate solutions to world conflicts

UnsatisfiedUnsatisfied with Wilson’s with Wilson’s planplan

►Plan threatened national securityPlan threatened national security►Plan was Plan was too nice–too nice– GB and France GB and France

thought it lacked punishment against thought it lacked punishment against GermanyGermany Wanted to take away Germany’s powerWanted to take away Germany’s power Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay for France’s Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay for France’s

sufferingsuffering►France lost more than 1,000,000 soldiers and civilians France lost more than 1,000,000 soldiers and civilians

during wartime. This was about 11% of the population.during wartime. This was about 11% of the population.►France’s land was destroyed and devastated.France’s land was destroyed and devastated.

Treaty of Versailles 1919Treaty of Versailles 1919► French, British, and U.S. argued and finally compromised. The French, British, and U.S. argued and finally compromised. The

product was The Treaty of Versailles.product was The Treaty of Versailles.► Signed between Germany and the Allied powers, June 28. Signed between Germany and the Allied powers, June 28.

1919.1919. Adopted Wilson’s 14Adopted Wilson’s 14thth point, created point, created League of NationsLeague of Nations

► Aimed for world peace, stopping further warsAimed for world peace, stopping further wars► General Assembly, 32 allied and neutral nationsGeneral Assembly, 32 allied and neutral nations► Executive Council, the 5 Allied PowersExecutive Council, the 5 Allied Powers

U.S.U.S. Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance ItalyItaly JapanJapan

Germany and Russia were left out of the League of Nations. Germany and Russia were left out of the League of Nations.

Punishments Against Punishments Against GermanyGermany► Treaty of Versailles also punished Treaty of Versailles also punished

Germany:Germany: Portions of Germany’s Portions of Germany’s

territories were taken away, territories were taken away, colonies in Asia and Africa colonies in Asia and Africa were given to League of were given to League of Nations to be administered.Nations to be administered.

Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions Article 231-” Germany was Article 231-” Germany was

solely responsible for the solely responsible for the war”, therefore, had to pay war”, therefore, had to pay reparations to the Allies.reparations to the Allies.

League of League of NationsNations

Germany Germany Loses Loses TerritoryTerritory

Germany Germany is is restricted restricted in its in its militarymilitary

War GuiltWar Guilt

32 Allied 32 Allied Nations,Nations,

But…But…

Germany & Germany & Russia are Russia are excludedexcluded

Germany Germany has to has to return return Alsace-Alsace-Lorraine to Lorraine to FranceFrance

Germany Germany loses all of loses all of its its overseas overseas territory in territory in Africa & Africa & PacificPacific

Cannot Cannot buy/build buy/build military military weapons weapons or war or war machinesmachines

Set limit to Set limit to size of size of armyarmy

Is declared Is declared totally totally responsiblresponsible for World e for World War IWar I

Has to pay Has to pay the the equivalent equivalent $33 Billion $33 Billion to Allies in to Allies in 30 years30 years

Major Provisions pg. Major Provisions pg. 381 381

Alsace-Lorraine is given up to

France

Germany

New Nations FormedNew Nations Formed► Negotiated between Allies and defeated nations (Austria, Negotiated between Allies and defeated nations (Austria,

Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1919, 1920. Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1919, 1920. It literally It literally broke down Europe into many tinier new nations.broke down Europe into many tinier new nations. Austro-Hungarian EmpireAustro-Hungarian Empire was broken down into independent nations: was broken down into independent nations:

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and YugoslaviaAustria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia OttomansOttomans had to give up all the land lost in Southwest Asia, losing had to give up all the land lost in Southwest Asia, losing

Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan to British rule. Syria and Lebanon went to Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan to British rule. Syria and Lebanon went to France. The Ottomans could only keep Turkey.France. The Ottomans could only keep Turkey.

RussiaRussia lost territory to Romania and Poland. Also, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, lost territory to Romania and Poland. Also, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (formerly part of Russia) become independent nations.and Lithuania (formerly part of Russia) become independent nations.

Europe Before WWI After WWI

Unlasting peaceUnlasting peace► U.S.U.S. rejected the treaty rejected the treaty

Americans thought that if they wanted peace, they should Americans thought that if they wanted peace, they should get themselves out of European affairs.get themselves out of European affairs.

► GermanyGermany is upset is upset War-guilt clause caused them to hate the Allies.War-guilt clause caused them to hate the Allies. Economically devastatedEconomically devastated Militarily restrictedMilitarily restricted In their point of view, unfairly sanctionedIn their point of view, unfairly sanctioned

► ColoniesColonies were unsatisfied that they could still not gain were unsatisfied that they could still not gain independenceindependence

► Japan and ItalyJapan and Italy did not get what they wanted out of the war— did not get what they wanted out of the war—land, so also backed out.land, so also backed out.

► Without consent or support of U.S., the League of Nations could Without consent or support of U.S., the League of Nations could not do anything to amend or take any action.not do anything to amend or take any action.

► Observer at Versailles noted the treaty was merely, “a peace Observer at Versailles noted the treaty was merely, “a peace built on quicksand.”built on quicksand.”

Legacy of WWI Legacy of WWI ► This was a New kind of war. New weapons This was a New kind of war. New weapons

and technology were introduced killing and technology were introduced killing people faster, and more efficiently than ever people faster, and more efficiently than ever before.before.

► War was brought to the global scaleWar was brought to the global scale► People could see that war could get People could see that war could get

extremelyextremely destructive. destructive.

Sum it UPSum it UP►War costsWar costs

Approx. 8.5 million Approx. 8.5 million soldiers diedsoldiers died

21 million people were 21 million people were woundedwounded

Many died of Many died of starvation and diseasestarvation and disease

Economic impact: Economic impact: $338 billion!$338 billion!

Miles and miles of Miles and miles of farmland, villages farmland, villages destroyeddestroyed

►War Effects, cont.War Effects, cont. Many soldiers were disillusionedMany soldiers were disillusioned People felt insecure and hopeless during People felt insecure and hopeless during

wartimewartime

Photo cr.Photo cr.Slide 3Slide 3Woodrow Wilson photo from: http://www.visitingdc.com/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpgWoodrow Wilson photo from: http://www.visitingdc.com/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpgGeorges Clemenceau photo from: Georges Clemenceau photo from: http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin14/imag1396.jpghttp://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin14/imag1396.jpgDavid Lloyd photo from: David Lloyd photo from: http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/Lloyd-George.jpghttp://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/Lloyd-George.jpgVittorio Orlando photo from: Vittorio Orlando photo from: http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin07/imag0640.jpghttp://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin07/imag0640.jpg

Slide 5Slide 5Thumbs down photo from: Thumbs down photo from:

http://blog.sellsiusrealestate.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/Complaints%20thumbs%20down-784494.jpghttp://blog.sellsiusrealestate.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/Complaints%20thumbs%20down-784494.jpg

Slide 6Slide 6League of Nations photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Symbol_of_the_League_of_Nations.svgLeague of Nations photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Symbol_of_the_League_of_Nations.svg

Slide 7Slide 7Alsace-Lorraine photo from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_ElsaAlsace-Lorraine photo from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_Elsa

%C3%9F-Lothringen.svg/650px-Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_Elsa%C3%9F-Lothringen.svg.png%C3%9F-Lothringen.svg/650px-Deutsches_Reich_%28Karte%29_Elsa%C3%9F-Lothringen.svg.pngSlide 8Slide 8

Slide 9Slide 9, , machine gun photo from: http://www.answers.com/topic/technology-during-world-war-Imachine gun photo from: http://www.answers.com/topic/technology-during-world-war-Itank photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_Itank photo from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_I

The EndThe End