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WWI
Part II
- Chapter 23 -
Section 2: America’s Road to War
p. 706
1914-1919
World War I
New Hampshire primary:
Winner: Mitt Romney 39% (96,773 votes)
2nd: Ron Paul 23% (56,223 votes)
3rd Jon Huntsman 17% (41,509 votes)
Daily News
Neutrality: Not choosing sides. To stay out of something.
President Wilson won the election partially because of his promise to keep us out of “The Great War”
Americans started choosing sides.
Gas alarm on Western Front
American Neutrality
33 million Americas were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants.
People from Germany supported Germany…and so on.
Irish supported Germany (because they hate the British)
Language, customs and traditions linked many Americans to England.
Americas choosing sides
Propaganda: information used to influenceCan be in the form of pictures, commercials, or
writing.
Example:- Cigarette advertisements- McDonald’s commercials (skinny people
eating fast food)- Movies that share a political message- Flu shots are needed or else!- Send heroes to give a message- Cartoons showing person as bad guy
Using Propaganda
Common propaganda sells lies about:Happiness and Patriotism
And are meant to make you feel a certain way:
“Being antiwar means you hate soldiers, U.S. and freedom.”
“You work hard, you deserve ______________.”“Buy _________and life will be better.”“Countries don’t like the U.S. because of their
freedom.”
Propaganda
Propaganda is scary because it makes fake, real.
Entire countries believe lies.Lies become common knowledge.
Propaganda is meant to turn off your brain and just believe.
How do you fight propaganda?
Dangers of Propaganda
Read.Talk.Think.
In that order.
How to protect yourself from propaganda:
U.S. planned on trading both sides.Trade helped Allies.British blockade stopped most trade with
Germany.
“If the American shipper grumbles our reply is that this war is not being conduced for his pleasure or profit.”
- London Newspaper
U.S. has an economic boom. Germans see the U.S. helping the Allies.
America’s Early Involvement
Germany told all countries that any ships near the port of Britain will be sunk.
Wilson threatens that lost lives will be on Germany.
May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk killing over 1,000 people.
French ship, Sussex sunk. Germany says sorry and offers money to families of lost.
U.S. starts building a larger army and navy.
Submarine Warfare
Germany said it will sink all ships.
They thought they’d be able to conquer the Allies before the U.S. was able to join the war.
Telegram was intercepted. It asked Mexico to attack the U.S. if it joined the war.
March 1917, 4 more ships sunk. 36 die.
On the Brink of War
President Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war.
After much debate the declaration was approved.
Congress set up the Selective Service Act which said every man 21-30 years old were eligible to be drafted into the army.
3 million men will join the military.2 million volunteers.
America Enters the War
Bell RingerDirections:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
What conditions might justify U.S. entry into another country’s war?
Write your response and be ready to share your answer.
- Chapter 23 -
Section 3: Americans Join the Allies
p. 709
1914-1919
World War I
Bell RingerDirections:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
How can a country help an ally fight a war?
Write your response and be ready to share your answer.
Troops exhausted
Spirit of some soldiers (French) broken
Supplies low, people starving
German U-boats sinking ¼ of all ships
Problems
Convoys: Navy destroyers escorted merchant ships across the Atlantic (1/3 of the supplies lost, not 1 soldier)
Fresh troops and supplies
Impact of America
Russia is having a food and fuel shortage
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Treaty with Germany, Russia pulls out of WWI
Germany now only has the Western Front to focus its attention on
1918 offensive that pushes the W. Front within 40 miles of Paris
Russia pulls a France
p. 720
General John J. Pershing: Supreme commander of AEF
American Expeditionary Force: U.S. Army in WWI
Pershing kept the American troops separate from the other armies
American Troops Arrive in France
Doughboy is a nickname for a U.S. soldier (because of brass buttons that looked like boiled dough dumplings)
The American army, fighting 24 hrs for 3 weeks, stop the Germans.
Doughboys
Germans have been fortifying the area since 1915
“rugged, heavily forested, rain, mud, barbed wire, machine guns” for 30 miles
115,000 Americans will lose their livesAllies are victoriousResult= Now the Allies will be invading
Germany
Battle of Argonne Forest
Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary on the edge of defeat= Revolution
Territories start to break away from Austria-Hungary: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
People of Central Power countries overthrow their governments and surrender to Allies
Difficulties for the Central Powers
Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting
Lack of food and supplies and renewed Allied determination results in a bad situation for the Germans
On Oct 4, 1918 the German gov. asks for peace.
Conditions:1)Accept plan for peace and agreement not to fight
again2) Troops must leave Belgium and France3) Negotiate with civilian leaders in peace, not
military(Power to people: Revolution)
11 a.m., November 11th, 1918 The Great War ends.
Armistice
Neutrality
Propaganda
- Chapter 23 -
Section 4: The War at Home
p. 712
1914-1919
World War I
Mobilization: gathering of resources and the preparation for war
Because of the need during WWI, workers gain rights:
1) 8 hr work day2) Overtime pay3) Equal pay for women*4) Right to form Unions
In return, workers promised not to go on strike
War at Home
How do you pay for war?1) War (Defense) Bonds
10 cents to $10,000: U.S. borrowing money from us.
2) Raise Taxes
What happens when millions of U.S. men go to war?
1) Women get jobs (that were usually for men)2) Black Americans move North (Great
Migration)
Workers During the War
U.S. was producing food for U.S. military and the Allies
How do you make sure there is enough food?1) Farmers make more food2) Americans eat less
Rationing: Limiting useConsuming: Used
War Industries Board: Factories were changed to make war supplies.
War for people at home…
Committee of Public Information: Promote the war as “a battle for democracy and freedom”
How did the committee convince the U.S. this war was good?
Propaganda used: 1) Posters, pamphlets, articles,
books, and newspapers2) Speakers, writers, artists
and actors were paid to support the war.
Support for The Great War
Government had little patience for antiwar feelings.
What were 2 groups that were against WWI?
Socialists: People who believed industries should be publically owned
Pacifists: People who are opposed to the use of violence
War and the Constitution
Espionage Act: stiff penalties for spying.
Sabotage and Sedition Act: Made it a crime to say, print or write anything negative about the government.
No measure is ‘too drastic’ during wartimeVsEven in war time, the rights of citizens must be
protected
Out with the Constitution
Patriot Act: - Sneak and Peak, without home owners knowing- Banks can collect information for law enforcement- Electronic, face to face and telephone interaction
Defense Bill:- Government is able to capture and detain enemies for unlimited amount of time without trial- Americans too
Out with the Constitution… today?
Bell RingerDirections:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
What challenges do you think countries face when discussing a peace plan?
Write your response and be ready to share your answer.
What is the setting for the peace talks after WWI?
- 27 nations gather at peace conference in Paris
- Europe was in ruins.- 9 million soldiers dead (total)- Millions of civilians dead- New countries trying to
establish themselves- Civil war in Russia
Peace Process
Plan for peace
Wilson’s Idea:Don’t punish GermanyLeague of NationsEnd of secret treatiesFree Trade/Freedom of seasLimits on armsEurope wanted to punish Germany: Make them pay billions of dollars ($31 billion or
422)Accept full responsibilityDisarm their army
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Bell RingerDirections:
Answer the following question on your worksheet.
How does the attitude of a nation’s people help their soldiers fight a war?
Write your response and be ready to share your answer.
- Chapter 23 -
Section 5: Searching for Peace
p. 714
1914-1919
World War I
You may use your notes and worksheets
At the end of the quiz: Staple your quiz to your papers in this order
On top) Quiz
2) Section 1
3) Section 1b
4) Section 2
5) Section 3
6) Section 4/5
7) Map
When you are done, have a book or something productive
Chapter 23 Quiz: Today